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For fixed-ended strut:
Elastic Stability
P P
x
y
L
Uniform EI
Elastic Stability
Strut with one end clamped, one end pinned:
There is a fixing moment at the clamped end only and, due to lack of symmetry, there are unequal
reactions R1 and R2 at the supports.
Taking the origin at the hinged end as shown in the figure, the differential equation of flexure
becomes:
EI d
2
y/ dx
2
= - Mx = - P y - R1 x
for which the solution is:
y = A cos x +B sin x - R1 x/ P (where
2
= P/ EI )
and, by differentiation,
dy/ dx = B cos x - R1/ P
At the clamped end, x = L, y = 0 and dy/ dx = 0. thus, from the preceding two equations:
B sin L = R1L/ P and B cos L = R1/ P
whence, by dividing, tan L = L
Once again, we reject the solution L = 0 on the grounds that it leads to no deflection whatever,
and the lowest value satisfying the problem is found to be
L = 4.494 rad (257.5
o
)
and therefore
2
L
2
= 4.494
2
= 20.2
Elastic Stability
But
2
L
2
= PL
2
/ EI, from which the critical, or buckling, load is given
by:
This expression does not include p, which makes comparison with the
preceding results less obvious.
However, noting that
2
has the value 9.87, the expression may be re-written
as:
Another alternative is to write the expression in terms of the 'equivalent length'
of this strut, in which case it becomes:
L
20.2EI
=
P
2
E
L
EI
=
P
2
2
E
t
05 . 2
2
) 7 . 0 ( L
EI
=
P
2
E
t
L
EI
=
P
2
2
E
t
Elastic Stability Summary: Euler Critical Loads
For a pin-ended strut
For a fixed-ended strut
For a strut with one end
pinned and one end fixed:
L
EI
=
P
2
2
E
t 4
L
EI
=
P
2
2
E
t 2
Elastic Stability
Other issues:
Buckling Stress, Slenderness Ratio:
Perry Robertson, Rankine Gordon, AISC
Eccentrically Loaded Struts
2
2 2
|
.
|
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= =
= =
=
r
l
E
L
Er
gyration of radius r
A
I
but
AL
EI
=
A
P
L
EI
=
P
2
2
E
2
2
E
E
2
2
E
t
t
o
t
o
t