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CONSTANT DEVIATION
VARIATION TYPE
INDUCED MAGNETISM IN H.S.I PLACED UNSYMMETIRCAL RELATIVE TO THE COMPASS.
CAUSE BY
CHANGES
ERROR FOUND BY
TAKING MEAN OF DEVIATION ON ANY FOUR (EIGHT) POINTS OF THE WHOLE COMPASS.
CORRECTION
To prevent "Gaussins' Error" check deviation after every alteration of course and ship sould be swung slower
"+A" means easterly deviation on all course "-A" means westerly deviation on all course
Sign of Error
COEFFICIENT "B"
SEMICIRCULAR DEVIATION
COEFFIENT "C"
SEMICIRCULAR DEVIATION
FORCE "P" (PB) - CAUSED BY P , F & A MAGNET OF SHIP'S PERMANENT MAGNETISM (IB) - CAUSED BY INDUCED MAGNETISM VERTICAL SOFT IRON IN THE FORE AND AFT MAGNETISM CHANGES IN LATITUDE MINIUM AT EQUATOR SIGN DOES NOT CHANGES EVEN IF TI CHANGES HEMISPHERE TAKING MEAN OF DEVIATION ON EAST AND WEST BY COMPASS AFTER REVERSING THE SIGN OF THE DEVIATION ON WEST COEF "B" = (Dev "E" - Dev "W") / 2
FORCE "Q" (PC) - CAUSED BY ATHWARTSHIP COMPONENT OF SHIP'S PERMANENT MAGNETISM. (IC) - CAUSED BY INDUCED MAGNETISM BY "Z" (PC) - IS "ZERO" AT THE EQUATOR AND MAXIMUM AT THE "POLE" SIGN DOES NOT CHANGE EVEN WHEN CHANGE HEMISPHERE. TAKING MEAN OF THE DEVIATION ON "N" AND "S" BY COMPASS AFTER REVERSING THE SIGN OF THE DEVIATION ON "S" COEF "C" = (Dev "N" Co. - Dev. "S" Co.) / 2
FOR (PB) - PLACING PERMANENT MAGNET F & A UNDER THE COMPASS FOR (IB) - PLACING THE FLINDERS BARS IN F & A DIRECTION OF COMPASS Present Error and Existing Corrector same colour - over correction diff colour - under correction "+B" means E'ly deviation on E'ly courses and W'ly deviation on W'ly courses
FOR (PC) - PERMANENT MAGNET PLACED BELOW THE COMPASS, ATWARTSHIP DIRECTION. FOR (IC) - CAN BE INGNORED BCZ P&S STRUCTURE ON THE MERCHANT SHIP ARE THE SAME MOSTLY.
"+C" means E'ly deviation on N'ly courses and W'ly deviation on S'ly courses
"-B" means W'ly deviation on E'ly courses and "-C" means W'ly deviation on N'ly courses and E'ly deviation on W'ly courses. E'ly deviation on S'ly courses.
COEFFICIENT "D"
QUADRANTAL DEVIATION
COEFFICIENT "E"
QUADRANTAL DEVIATION
HORIZONTAL SOFT IRON (eg. Deck Beams esp in the accommodation below the compass, Deck plating, Fore and Aft members of the ship's hull) DOES NOT CHANGE WITH THE CHANGE IN LATITUDE
CAUSED BY INDUCED MAGNETISM LIES DIAGONALLY & ALSO CAUSE BY UNSYMMETRICAL H.S.I LAYING EITHER ATHWARTSHIP AND FORE AND AFT. DOES NOT CHANGE WITH THE CHANGE IN LATITUDE
TAKING MEAN OF DEVIATION ON "NE,SE,SW & NW" AFTER REVERSING THE SIGN OF THE DEVIATION ON "SE" & "NW" COEF"D" = (Dev "NE" - "SE" + "SW" - "NW") / 4
TAKING MEAN OF DEVIAITON ON "N,E,S & W" AFTER REVERSING THE SIGN OF THE DEVIATION OF "E" AND "W". COEF "E" = (Dev. "N" - "E" + "S" "W") / 4
COMPENSATED BY THE USE OF SOFT THE SPHERE ARE ROTATED TO SEE IRON SPHERES. WHETHER THE CARD TURNS. THE PERMANENT EFFECT MAY BE REMOVED BY HEATING UNTIL THE SPHERES ARE RED HOT.
"+D" means E'ly deviation on NE'ly "+E" means E'ly deviation on N'ly and SW'ly courses and W'ly deviation and S'ly courses and W'ly deviation on SE'ly and NW'ly courses on E'ly and W'ly courses. "-D" means W;ly deviation on NE'ly and SW'ly courses and E'ly deviation on SE;ly and NW'ly courses. "-E" means W'ly deviation on N'ly and S'ly courses ans E'ly deviation on E'ly and W'ly courses.