Titration

Richard David Silvestre John Richard Suzara Dayle Daniel Sorveto Mr. Nelson R. Villarante BMLS-2A July 29, 2012

ABSTRACT: TITRATION The process, operation, or method of determining the concentration of a substance in solution by adding to it a standard reagent of known concentration in carefully measured amounts until a reaction of definite and known proportion is completed, as shown by a color change or by electrical measurement, and then calculating the unknown concentration. KEYWORD: Titration Curve, Sigmoidal curve, Titration

I.

INTRODUCTION

A TITRATION is a method of analysis that will allow you to determine the perceive endpoint of a reaction and therefore the precise quantity of reactant in the titration flask. A burette is used to deliver the second reactant to the flask and an indicator or pH Meter is used to detect the endpoint of the reaction. Titration allows you to find the concentration of a known amount of unknown acid or base by using another base or acid whose volume

you already know. So by slowly adding the known of acid/base to the unknown base/acid, it will eventually be neutralized. When it's neutralized, you can do some calculations to find the unknown concentration/ strength. An acid-base titration is a neutralization reaction that is performed in the lab in order to determine an unknown concentration of acid or base. The moles of acid will equal the moles of base at the equivalence point. Here's how to perform the calculation to find your unknown.

II.

OBJECTIVES

1. To demonstrate the basic laboratory technique of titration. 2. To find the pH of the acid/base.

III.

METHODOLOGY

Material needed in the experiment. o Beaker o Erlenmeyer Flask o Burette o Burette clamp o Graduated cylinder o pH meter

Clean the laboratory apparatus

After cleaning the materials. Put a 50ml of HCL( Hydrochloric acid) in Erlenmeyer flask and get the pH. And the titrant is the NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) drop a 10ml every time you get the pH. After the first experiment, do the second titration of CH3COOH (Acetic Acid) just put a 50mL of CH3COOH in the Erlenmeyer flask and get the pH. Also put the titrant or the NaOH(Sodium

Hydroxide)drop a 10mL every time you get the pH.

After determining the pH level of the reagent given. Write the data in the given experiment, and do the theoretical value.
IV. DISCUSSION

In the first experiment we use NaOH as a Titrant and HCL the acid. We did two trials, every trials have 7 times of putting the titrant, we put a 10 ml of NaOH to the cylinder using the funnel, after transferring the titrant to the Erlenmeyer flask which has a 50ml of HCL shake the solution then get the pH using the pH meter, so the pH of 10ml of NaOH is 1.71 and the pH in the second trial is 1.77 , the pH of 20ml of NaOH on a Erlenmeyer flask

with HCL is 1.81 and the pH in the second trial is 1.82 which is there is no big difference next is the 30ml of NaOH put in the Enlenmeyer flask with HCL the pH of this is 1.92 and the pH of the second trial is 1.91 same on the 20ml of NaOH there is no big difference on their pH, 40ml of NaOH put in a 50ml HCL in the Erlenmeyer flask , the pH of this is 2.08 and the pH of the second trial is 2.06, next is the 50ml of NaOH with 50ml of HCL on a Erlenmeyer flask the pH of this is 2.36 and the pH of second trial is 2.31 they has a difference of .5 which is not bad, next is the 60ml of NaOH put in a 50ml of HCL the pH of this is 4.51 and the pH in the second trial is 4.06 they has a big difference which is 0.45 and the 70ml of NaOH put also in a 50ml of HCL, the pH of this is 11.62 and the pH of the second trial is 11.76 , this is the highest pH among 7times , because the strong bas is the NaOH and the Strong acid has a difference in volume the NaOH has 70ml and the HCL has a 50ml only. Second titration is the weak acid (CH3COOH) and a strong base (NaOH) like on the first titration we did, we have a 7 time of putting the titrant of the Erlenmeyer flask which has a CH3COOH. On 10ml of NaOH put in a 50ml of CH3COOH have a pH

of 4.23 and on the second trail is 4.22, 20ml of NaOH on a 50ml of CH3COOH has a pH of 4.61 and the pH of the second trial is 4.58 , 30ml of NaOH put on a 50ml of CH3COOH the pH is 4.93 and the pH of the second trail is 4.92 there is no big difference on them, next is the 40ml of NaOH the pH is 5.26 and the second trial is 5.27, 50ml on a 50ml of CH3COOH the pH is 5.7 and the pH of the second trial is 5.85, 60ml of NaOH on a 50ml of CH3COOH the pH is 10.43 and the pH of the second trail is 10.52, 70ml of NaOH on a 50ml of CH3COOH the pH is 11.78 and the pH of the second trail is 11.78 as you can see there is no difference between them. In the first experiment which is the strong acid (HCL) mixed in a strong base(NaOH), as you can see we get a low pH of the base while on the second experiment which is the weak acid (CH3COOH) mixed together with the strong base(NaOH) compared to the first we get a higher pH of the base.

Initial volume of the analyte solution (ACID) = 50mL

Titration HCL 50ml + NaOH (titrant) volume Trial 1 (pH) Trial 2(pH) NaOH 10 1.71 1.77 20 1.81 1.82 30 1.92 1.91 40 2.08 2.06 50 2.36 2.31 60 4.51 4.06 70 11.62 11.76 Initial pH HCL = 1.65

Titration volume NaOH

CH3COOH 50ml+ NaOH (titrant) Trial 1 (pH) Trial 2(pH) 4.22 4.58 4.92 5.27 5.85 10.52 11.78

10 4.23 20 4.61 30 4.93 40 5.26 50 5.73 60 10.43 70 11.78 Initial pH CH3COOH = 3.47

VI.

V.

DATA AND RESULT

Concentration of HCL, CH3COOH and NaOH (0.01 M)

CONCLUSION In the theoretical formula, therefore we conclude that in the titration of strong acid and base, the pH at the equivalence point on the titration

experiment is exact to 7 because theres neutralization because of the concentration of the NaOH and HCl are just the same. While in the second titration of Weak acids and strong bases. The pH at the equivalence point is less than 7. And the pH after adding 10-40mL of NaOH(strong base) a conjugate acid/base was form Called buffer solution. The pH was resist.

I HEREBY, CERTIFY THAT I MADE SUBSTANTIAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE REPORT. REFERENCE

RICHARD DAVID SILVESTRE

DAYLEDANIEL SORVETO

JOHN RICHARD SUZARA

Theoretical Value
14 12 10 8 pH 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Vol of Titrant NaOH (mL) pH of CH3COOH pH of HCl

VII.

Reference

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/techniqu es/titration.html http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryquickr eview/a/titrationcalc.htm