I.

OBJECTIVES :

At the end of the experiment, the student should be: 1. able to start the DC motor by using the starter, 2. familiar with the load characteristic of the shunt and compound motors; 3. able to control the speed of a DC MOTOR using either the field resistance of the armature resistance or the armature resistance method

II. 1. 2. 3. 4.

EXPERIMENTAL ITEMS : starting the DC Motor using the starter measurement of the load characteristics of the stunt and compound motors speed control of a DC Motor using the field resistance and armature resistance method of control measurement of the armature, series and shunt resistance

III.

RESOURCES : - DC Motor X DC Generator (Model: MG-DD-2E) - Rfm 3 rheostats in series - Rfg 2 rheostats in series - R- 1 similar to load resistance - RL -100 ohms max., 30A rating - I 30A. ammeter (armature current) - I 2A. ammeter (field current) - I voltmeter (at the module) - Wires and load connector cable

IV.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

Starting the DC Motor using the starter 1. Connect the circuit for the DC Motor as shown in Fig.2.1. Make sure that the starter is properly connected. 2. Also connect the load generator circuit as a separately excited generator as shown in Fig. 2.2. Be careful in the connection of the knife switch. 3. Connect the resistance load to the output of the generator.

C Rf

SR

PA
+

A
-

DC 100V

Sh D
+ +

V
-

A
-

Se

Fig. 2.1 Cumulative Compound Motor w/o R

A
Rf

DC 100V
Sh

VT

L O A D

Fig. 2.2 Separately Excited Generator

4. Make sure that the motor field rheostat (Rfg) is fully counterclockwise, at this position Rfm is at the minimum resistance and Rfg is the maximum resistance value. 5. Turn the generator knife switch on. 6. Switch ON the DC source for the motor and generator. 7. Start the motor using the starter. 8. Turn off the DC power source for the motor and generator.

Load Characteristics 1. The present connection of the DC motor is a cumulative compound circuit. With the load switched off, start the motor using the starter. 2. Adjust the motor Rf to reach rated speed. 3. Be sure the motor is adjusted to its rated voltage. 4. Adjust the generator Rf to achieve at least 74V output and turn on the load switch. Note: Throughout this experiment, the DC source must be kept contant 5. Adjust the motor to its rated load current (armature current = 27A) by decreasing the value of the load resistance at the generator side. Expect to have a decrease in speed as you decrease the load resistance, When this happens, decrease the value of the motor field current to increase motor speed. 6. When the motor is at its rated voltage and rated load current, start reading values of n, Ia, If, and V from the meters. 7. After the first reading, gradually increase the load resistance (R) is moved counterclockwise until is close to zero. For Ia = 0, decouple the generator and read values from the meters. NOTE: Ia is the one incremented. 8. Turn off the motor 9. Repeat produces 1-8 for the differential and shunt motor. Refer to Figure 2.3 and 2.4 10. Disconnect the circuit for the DC generator and decouple it from the motor.

P
+

C Rf C DC 100V Sh D

SR

PA
+

A
-

+ +

V
-

A
-

Se

Fig. 2.3 Differential Compound Motor without R

C Rf C DC 100V Sh D

SR

PA
+

A
-

+ +

V
-

A
-

Fig. 2.4 Shunt Motor without R

Speed Control A. Field Resistance Method 1. Connect the circuit for the cumulative compound motor with R as shown in Fig. 2.5 NOTE: The generator need not be coupled to the motor 2. Make sure that R is halfway clockwise and Rf of the motor is fully counterclockwise.
P
+

C Rf C DC 100V Sh D

SR

PA R

A
+

A
-

V
-

Se

Fig. 2.5 Cumulative Compound Motor with R

3. Restart the motor. 4. Control the speed of the DC Motor by varying the motor field resistance. 5. Read values of n, Ia, If, V, for each decrement of the field current. Gradually increase speed up to 120% of the rated speed of 180 rpm (2160 rpm) 6. Turn off the motor. B. Armature Resistance Method 7. Make sure that R is fully counterclockwise and the motor Rf is fully counterclockwise. 8. Restart the motor. 9. Control the speed of the DC motor by varying R in series with the armature 10. Read the values n, Ia, If, V for each increment of the armature current. Start at the lowest speed possible. Gradually increase speed up to 120% of rated speed (2160) if possible. 11. Turn off the motor. 12. Do the same procedure of speed control for the differential and shunt motor. (Procedure 2-11)
P
+

C Rf C DC 100V Sh D

SR

PA
+

A
-

+ +

V
-

A
-

Se

Fig. 2.6 Differential Compound Motor without R

C Rf C DC 100V Sh D

SR

PA R

A
+

A
-

V
-

Fig. 2.7 Shunt Motor with R

V.

DATA &RESULTS: 1. Plot on one sheet the speed-load current characteristic curve for the different motors. 2. Plot on the sheet the torque-current characteristics of the different motor using the equation derived from #5 of the required discussions to get the data. Use data from the external characteristics. 3. Present data clearly and systematically.

VI.

REQUIRED DISCUSSIONS: 1. Interpret the shape of all the curves. 2. Explain how and why the counter e.m.f. of the motor regulates the flow of current into the armature whenever the load is varied. 3. Compute the speed regulation of the shunt, cumulative compound and differential compound motors.

Where : S.R. = percentage speed regulation

SNL = SFL =

speed at no load, la= 0 speed at full load, la= rated current

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Is there any speed regulation for a series motor? Why? Derive an equation for input torque in terms of armature power input and speed. What is the advantage of the cumulative compound motor over the other types? What is the effect of the compensating winding on armature reaction? From a study of the speed torque- current characteristics, state the type of application for which each motor is suited. 9. From the data on speed control, which method is better? Why?

SPEED- LOAD CHARACTERISTICS SHUNT N If Ia Vt N CUMULATIVE If Ia Vt N DIFFERENTIAL If Ia Vt

TORQUE-LOAD CHARACTERISTICS

SHUNT LEAD TORQUE

CUMULATIVE LEAD TORQUE

DIFFERENTIAL LEAD TORQUE