IINTERVIEW QUESTIONS SOFTWARE TESTING Tell us about background and places youve worked What does Team Work

What does Team Work mean to you? What does Interpersonal Skills mean to you? How often would you use your interpersonal skills? What are the differences between QTP and WR? What do you like about QTP/WR. How would you rate them? Tell us about the last training course you went on? What would you do if you found it difficult to get help from a developer who you needed to resolve an issue for you? How much involvement do you have for writing QTP scripts, do you record, edit or write scripts? Tell us about a time when you worked under no supervision Tell us about a time where you worked as part of a team / made a significant contribution to a Team? Tell us about a time where you achieved something by use of your interpersonal skills? How would you rate Previous Employer X to Previous Employer Y, who gave you the best opportunities? What do you know about the CMM and V Models? What do you know about Configuration Management? Tell me about the inspection process / test planning and estimation technique you follow for test plans? How did you use automation-testing tools in your job? How do you plan test automation? Can test automation improve test effectiveness?

What is data - driven automation? What are the main attributes of test automation? Does automation replace manual testing? How will you choose a tool for test automation? How you will evaluate the tool for test automation? What are main benefits of test automation? What could go wrong with test automation? How you will describe testing activities? What testing activities you may want to automate? Describe common problems of test automation. What types of scripting techniques for test automation do you know? What are principles of good testing scripts for automation? What tools are available for support of testing during software development life cycle? Can the activities of test case design be automated? What are the limitations of automating software testing? What skills needed to be a good test automator? How to find that tools work well with your existing system? Describe some problem that you had with automating testing tool. What are the main attributes of test automation?

What testing activities you may want to automate in a project? How to find that tools work well with your existing system? Give one line answer about WinRunner? How do you define WinRunner on your own? WinRunner is suitable for which type of applications? What are all the types of applications WinRunner can use? What's the WinRunner version number you used for your applications? What are all the different types of recordings available in WinRunner? When do you go for Context Sensitive and Analog recordings? What's the difference between them? What are all the Limitations & Advantages of WinRunner? Where you find that you can't use WinRunner for automation? What's the types application you working on using WinRunner? What's your comfort level in using WinRunner? What is meant by Synchronization? How do you implement it in WinRunner? What is meant by Checkpoints? Types of Checkpoints? In what situation will you use it? What are all the different platforms that WinRunner can be used? Any knowledge of Test Director? Difference between WinRunner and Test Director? What databases can Test Director reside on?

Explain the project tree in Test Director. Advantages of WinRunner over other market tools silk, robot etc.? How does Winrunner identify GUI Objects? What's the use of GUI Map Editor? Winrunner GUI map modes? What are the two GUI Map modes available in WinRunner? What is the use of rapid test script wizard? How will you synchronize tests using WinRunner? When should you synchronize? Synchronize settings? How do you check GUI objects? How do you check a bitmap? What is meant by GUI Spy? Besides Record and Replay what else can be done using WinRunner? What are different types of running a test? When do you use Verify/Debug/Update Modes? When do you use Break Points? What is Toggle Break Points? How it differs from Break points? What's Step and Step into? What's the role of GUI Map Editor? (It connects logical name in the script to the physical attributes of the object in the GUI Map Editor). What does Function Generator mean? (F7).

How do you load GUI Map Editor? What is injector in load runner? What is TSL? What 4GL is it similar too? How do you program tests with TSL? How do you invoke an application using TSL? What is Module? What's Compiled Module? Explain data parameterization in WinRunner. What is User Define Functions? What are all the different types of User What is Function? Types of Functions? Defined Functions available in WinRunner? Name a couple of standard web function found in the function generator? And explain their purpose. Where do you use Private/Public function in your script? How do you forcibly capture an Object using WinRunner (when WinRunner not able identify it)? Can you test DB using WinRunner? What are the different DBs that WinRunner can support? How do you set a Query to get/fetch data from the DB? How TSL looks like? What are all the default codes WinRunner will generates when you start an application? What are the other codes you can write/call with in TSL?

What are all the different languages can be called using TSL in between the scripts? How do you handle an Exception in WinRunner? Types of Exception available in WinRunner? How do you define an Exception for complete application or for a particular function? How do you run tests on a new version of WinRunner? What are data driven tests & How Do you create it in WinRunner? What's the File Format used in Data Table? How do you link a Data Table in your script? How do you read text from an application? What is a batch test? How do you program a batch test? What happens when user interface changes? Does load testing possible using WinRunner? Does WinRunner help you in web testing? How do you manage test data, test result? Questions on TSL: How to generate Functions? Running tests from the command line? Explain WinRunner Testing Modes? Have you completed the CPS exam? Which one? Write a short compiled module, which selects random numbers; and what function is used to call your customized compiled module?

What's the purpose of the wrun.ini file?

All the answers to these questions are given in the WinRunner User Guide (PDF)& WinRunner Tutorial (PDF) which comes along with WinRunner License Version.

What types of documents would you need for QA, QC, and Testing? What did you include in a test plan? Describe any bug you remember. What is the purpose of the testing? What do you like (not like) in this job? What is quality assurance? What is the difference between QA and testing? How do you scope, organize, and execute a test project? What is the role of QA in a development project? What is the role of QA in a company that produces software? Define quality for me as you understand it Describe to me the difference between validation and verification. Describe to me what you see as a process. Not a particular process, just the basics of having a process. Describe to me when you would consider employing a failure mode and effect analysis.

Describe to me the Software Development Life Cycle, as you would define it. What are the properties of a good requirement? How do you differentiate the roles of Quality Assurance Manager and Project Manager? Tell me about any quality efforts you have overseen or implemented. Describe some of the challenges you faced and how you overcame them.

How do you deal with environments that are hostile to quality change efforts? In general, how do you see automation fitting into the overall process of testing? How do you promote the concept of phase containment and defect prevention? If you come onboard, give me a general idea of what your first overall tasks will be as far as starting a quality effort. What kinds of testing have you done? Have you ever created a test plan? Have you ever written test cases or did you just execute those written by others? What did your base your test cases? How do you determine what to test? How do you decide when you have 'tested enough?' How do you test if you have minimal or no documentation about the product? Describe me to the basic elements you put in a defect report? How do you perform regression testing? At what stage of the life cycle does testing begin in your opinion? How do you analyze your test results? What metrics do you try to provide?

Realizing you won't be able to test everything - how do you decide what to test first? Where do you get your expected results? If automating - what is your process for determining what to automate and in what order?

In the past, I have been asked to verbally start mapping out a test plan for a common situation, such as an ATM. The interviewer might say, "Just thinking out loud, if you were tasked to test an ATM, what items might you test plan include?" These types of questions are not meant to be answered conclusively, but it is a good way for the interviewer to see how you approach the task. If you were given a program that will average student grades, what kinds of inputs would you use? Tell me about the best bug you ever found. What made you pick testing over another career? What is the exact difference between Integration & System testing; give me examples with your project. How did you go about testing a project? When should testing start in a project? Why? How do you go about testing a web application? Difference between Black & White box testing What is Configuration management? Tools used? What do you plan to become after say 2-5yrs (Ex: QA Manager, Why?) Would you like to work in a team or alone, why? Give me 5 strong & weak points of yours Why do you want to join our company?

When should testing be stopped? What sort of things would you put down in a bug report? Who in the company is responsible for Quality? Who defines quality? What is an equivalence class? Is "A fast database retrieval rate" a testable requirement? Should we test every possible combination/scenario for a program? What criteria do you use when determining when to automate a test or leave it manual? When do you start developing your automation tests? Discuss what test metrics you feel are important to publish an organization? Describe the role that QA plays in the software lifecycle. What should Development require of QA? What should QA require of Development? How would you define a "bug?" Give me an example of the best and worst experiences you've had with QA. How does unit testing play a role in the development / software lifecycle? Explain some techniques for developing software components with respect to testability. Describe a past experience with implementing a test harness in the development of software. Have you ever worked with QA in developing test tools?

Explain the participation Development should have with QA in leveraging such test tools for QA use. Give me some examples of how you have participated in Integration Testing. How would you describe the involvement you have had with the bug-fix cycle between Development and QA? What is unit testing? Describe your personal software development process. How do you know when your code has met specifications? How do you know your code has met specifications when there are no specifications? Describe your experiences with code analyzers. How do you feel about cyclomatic complexity? Who should test your code? How do you survive chaos? What processes/methodologies are you familiar with? What type of documents would you need for QA/QC/Testing? How can you use technology to solve problem? What type of metrics would you use? How to find that tools work well with your existing system? What automated tools are you familiar with? How well you work with a team? How would you ensure 100% coverage of testing?

How would you build a test team? What problem you have right now or in the past? How you solved it? What you will do during the first day of job? What would you like to do five years from now? Tell me about the worst boss you've ever had. What are your greatest weaknesses? What are your strengths? What is a successful product? What do you like about Windows? What is good code? Who are Kent Beck, Dr Grace Hopper, and Dennis Ritchie? What are basic, core, practises for a QA specialist? What do you like about QA? What has not worked well in your previous QA experience and what would you change? How you will begin to improve the QA process? What is the difference between QA and QC? What is UML and how to use it for testing? What are CMM and CMMI? What is the difference? What do you like about computers?

Do you have a favorite QA book? More than one? Which ones? And why. What is the responsibility of programmers vs. QA? What are the properties of a good requirement? Ho to do test if we have minimal or no documentation about the product? What are all the basic elements in a defect report? Is an "A fast database retrieval rate" a testable requirement? Why should you care about objects and object-oriented testing? What does 100% statement coverage mean? How do you perform configuration management with typical revision control systems? What is code coverage? What types of code coverage do you know? What tools can be used for code coverage analysis? Is any graph is used for code coverage analysis? What is software quality assurance? What is the value of a testing group? How do you justify your work and budget? What is the role of the test group, documentation, tech support, and so forth? How much interaction with users should testers have, and why? How should you learn about problems discovered in the field, and what should you learn from those problems? What are the roles of glass-box and black-box testing tools?

What issues come up in test automation, and how do you manage them? What development model should programmers and the test group use? How do you get programmers to build testability support into their code? What is the role of a bug tracking system? What are the key challenges of testing? Have you ever completely tested any part of a product? How? Have you done exploratory or specification-driven testing? Should every business test its software the same way? Discuss the economics of automation and the role of metrics in testing. Describe components of a typical test plan, such as tools for interactive products and for database products, as well as Cause-and-effect graphs and data-flow diagrams.

When have you had to focus on data integrity? What are some of the typical bugs you encountered in your last assignment? How do you prioritize testing tasks within a project? How do you develop a test plan and schedule? Describe bottom-up and top-down approaches. When should you begin test planning? When should you begin testing? Do you know of metrics that help you estimate the size of the testing effort? How do you scope out the size of the testing effort?

How many hours a week should a tester work? How should your staff be managed? How about your overtime? How do you estimate staff requirements? What do you do (with the project tasks) when the schedule fails? How do you handle conflict with programmers? How do you know when the product is tested well enough? What characteristics would you seek in a candidate for test-group manager? What do you think the role of test-group manager should be? Relative to senior management? Relative to other technical groups in the company? Relative to your staff? How do your characteristics compare to the profile of the ideal manager that you just described? How does your preferred work style work with the ideal test-manager role that you just described? What is different Between the ways you work and the role you described?

Who should you hire in a testing group and why? What is the role of metrics in comparing staff performance in human resources management? How do you estimate staff requirements? What do you do (with the project staff) when the schedule fails? Describe some staff conflicts youve handled Why did you ever become involved in QA/testing? What is the testing lifecycle and explain each of its phases?

What is the difference between testing and Quality Assurance? What is Negative testing? What was a problem you had in your previous assignment (testing if possible)? How did you resolve it? What are two of your strengths that you will bring to our QA/testing team? How would you define Quality Assurance? What do you like most about Quality Assurance/Testing? What do you like least about Quality Assurance/Testing? What is the Waterfall Development Method and do you agree with all the steps? What is the V-Model Development Method and do you agree with this model? What is the Capability Maturity Model (CMM)? At what CMM level were the last few companies you worked? What is a "Good Tester"? Could you tell me two things you did in your previous assignment (QA/Testing related hopefully) that you are proud of?

List 5 words that best describe your strengths. What are two of your weaknesses? What methodologies have you used to develop test cases? In an application currently in production, one module of code is being modified. Is it necessary to re- test the whole application or is it enough to just test functionality associated with that module?

Define each of the following and explain how each relates to the other: Unit, System, and Integration testing. Define Verification and Validation. Explain the differences between the two.

Explain the differences between White-box, Gray-box, and Black box testing. How do you go about going into a new organization? How do you assimilate? Define the following and explain their usefulness: Change Management, Configuration Management, Version Control, and Defect Tracking.

What is ISO 9000? Have you ever been in an ISO shop? When are you done testing? What is the difference between a test strategy and a test plan? What is ISO 9003? Why is it important What are ISO standards? Why are they important? What is IEEE 829? (This standard is important for Software Test Documentation-Why?) What is IEEE? Why is it important? Do you support automated testing? Why? We have a testing assignment that is time-driven. Do you think automated tests are the best solution? What is your experience with change control? Our development team has only 10 members. Do you think managing change is such a big deal for us?

Are reusable test cases a big plus of automated testing and explain why. Can you build a good audit trail using Compuware's QACenter products? Explain why. How important is Change Management in today's computing environments? Do you think tools are required for managing change? Explain and please list some tools/practices, which can help you managing change.

We believe in ad-hoc software processes for projects. Do you agree with this? Please explain your answer. When is a good time for system testing? Are regression tests required or do you feel there is a better use for resources? Our software designers use UML for modeling applications. Based on their use cases, we would like to plan a test strategy. Do you agree with this approach or would this mean more effort for the testers.

Tell me about a difficult time you had at work and how you worked through it. Give me an example of something you tried at work but did not work out so you had to go at things another way. How can one file compare future dated output files from a program, which has change, against the baseline run, which used current date for input? The client does not want to mask dates on the output files to allow compares. - AnswerRerun baseline and future date input files same # of days as future dated run of program with change. Now run a file compare against the baseline future dated output and the changed programs' future dated output.

What is the QA process? How do you train another QA engineer? What bug tracking tools you have used? Have you used any free tools? How do you start your QA if there are no system requirements? Have you used MSVC? What do you think of it? There are 3 lights (in one room) and 3 switches (in another room), one for each, if you only enter into the light room once. How can you find out which switch corresponds to which light?

What is your weakness? Why do you think you are suited for this job? If there is a day, when you find yourself not fitting in our team, what will you do?

What makes you think you are qualified for this job? Do you like music? Which composers is your favorite? What kind of PC games you like most? Why? Are you familiar with collaboration tools? Which communication method do you prefer for talk, email and chat? When will you be available to start work? What security tools have you used? Tell me about yourself. Tell me about your experience with this type of work What do you like and dislike about our company? Why do you want to work for us? What should we hire you? What can you do for us? What can you do that others cannot? What is the jobs most attractive and least attractive factor? What do you look for in a job? Please give me your definition of software test engineer. How long would it take you to make a meaningful contribution to our firm? How long would you stay with us? Are you thinking of going back to school or college? What kind of programs/machines or equipment have you worked with? You may be overqualified for this position we have to offer.

Give me an example of a project you handled from start to finish. What was your last employers opinion of you? Can you work under pressure, deadline etc? Do you have any questions? What is it you liked and disliked about your last job What is load testing? - Load testing is to test that if the application works fine with the loads that result from large number of simultaneous users, transactions and to determine weather it can handle peak usage periods.

What is Performance testing? - Timing for both read and update transactions should be gathered to determine whether system functions are being performed in an acceptable timeframe. This should be done standalone and then in a multi user environment to determine the effect of multiple transactions on the timing of a single transaction.

Did u use LoadRunner? What version? - Yes. Version 7.2. Explain the Load testing process? Step 1: Planning the test. Here, we develop a clearly defined test plan to ensure the test scenarios we develop will accomplish load-testing objectives. Step 2: Creating Vusers. Here, we create Vuser scripts that contain tasks performed by each Vuser, tasks performed by Vusers as a whole, and tasks measured as transactions. Step 3: Creating the scenario. A scenario describes the events that occur during a testing session. It includes a list of machines, scripts, and Vusers that run during the scenario. We create scenarios using LoadRunner Controller. We can create manual scenarios as well as goal-oriented scenarios. In manual scenarios, we define the number of Vusers, the load generator machines, and percentage of Vusers to be assigned to each script. For web tests, we may create a goal-oriented scenario where we define the goal that our test has to achieve. LoadRunner automatically builds a scenario for us. Step 4: Running the scenario. We emulate load on the server by instructing multiple Vusers to perform tasks simultaneously. Before the testing, we set the scenario configuration and scheduling. We can run the entire scenario, Vuser groups, or individual Vusers. Step

5: Monitoring the scenario. We monitor scenario execution using the LoadRunner online runtime, transaction, system resource, Web resource, Web server resource, Web application server resource, database server resource, network delay, streaming media resource, firewall server resource, ERP server resource, and Java performance monitors. Step 6: Analyzing test results. During scenario execution, LoadRunner records the performance of the application under different loads. We use LoadRunners graphs and reports to analyze the applications performance. When do you do load and performance Testing? - We perform load testing once we are done with interface (GUI) testing. Modern system architectures are large and complex. Whereas single user testing primarily on functionality and user interface of a system component, application testing focuses on performance and reliability of an entire system. For example, a typical application-testing scenario might depict 1000 users logging in simultaneously to a system. This gives rise to issues such as what is the response time of the system, does it crash, will it go with different software applications and platforms, can it hold so many hundreds and thousands of users, etc. This is when we set do load and performance testing. What are the components of LoadRunner? - The components of LoadRunner are The Virtual User Generator, Controller, and the Agent process, LoadRunner Analysis and Monitoring, LoadRunner Books Online. What Component of LoadRunner would you use to record a Script? - The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) component is used to record a script. It enables you to develop Vuser scripts for a variety of application types and communication protocols. What Component of LoadRunner would you use to play back the script in multi user mode? - The Controller component is used to playback the script in multi-user mode. This is done during a scenario run where a vuser script is executed by a number of vusers in a group. What is a rendezvous point? - You insert rendezvous points into Vuser scripts to emulate heavy user load on the server. Rendezvous points instruct Vusers to wait during test execution for multiple Vusers to arrive at a certain point,

in order that they may simultaneously perform a task. For example, to emulate peak load on the bank server, you can insert a rendezvous point instructing 100 Vusers to deposit cash into their accounts at the same time. What is a scenario? - A scenario defines the events that occur during each testing session. For example, a scenario defines and controls the number of users to emulate, the actions to be performed, and the machines on which the virtual users run their emulations. Explain the recording mode for web Vuser script? - We use VuGen to develop a Vuser script by recording a user performing typical business processes on a client application. VuGen creates the script by recording the activity between the client and the server. For example, in web-based applications, VuGen monitors the client end of the database and traces all the requests sent to, and received from, the database server. We use VuGen to: Monitor the communication between the application and the server; Generate the required function calls; and Insert the generated function calls into a Vuser script. Why do you create parameters? - Parameters are like script variables. They are used to vary input to the server and to emulate real users. Different sets of data are sent to the server each time the script is run. Better simulate the usage model for more accurate testing from the Controller; one script can emulate many different users on the system. What is correlation? Explain the difference between automatic correlation and manual correlation? - Correlation is used to obtain data which are unique for each run of the script and which are generated by nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values and also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries). Automatic correlation is where we set some rules for correlation. It can be application server specific. Here values are replaced by data, which are created by these rules. In manual correlation, the value we want to correlate is scanned and create correlation is used to correlate. How do you find out where correlation is required? Give few examples from your projects? - Two ways: First we can scan for correlations, and see the list of values, which can be correlated. From this we can pick a value to be correlated. Secondly, we can record two scripts and compare them. We can look up the difference file to see for the values, which needed to be correlated. In my project, there was a unique id developed for each customer, it was nothing

but Insurance Number, it was generated automatically and it was sequential and this value was unique. I had to correlate this value, in order to avoid errors while running my script. I did using scan for correlation. Where do you set automatic correlation options? - Automatic correlation from web point of view can be set in recording options and correlation tab. Here we can enable correlation for the entire script and choose either issue online messages or offline actions, where we can define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database can be done using show output window and scan for correlation and picking the correlate query tab and choose which query value we want to correlate. If we know the specific value to be correlated, we just do create correlation for the value and specify how the value to be created. What is a function to capture dynamic values in the web Vuser script? - Web_reg_save_param function saves dynamic data information to a parameter. When do you disable log in Virtual User Generator, When do you choose standard and extended logs? - Once we debug our script and verify that it is functional, we can enable logging for errors only. When we add a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. Standard Log Option: When you select Standard log, it creates a standard log of functions and messages sent during script execution to use for debugging. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled Extended Log Option: Select extended log to create an extended log, including warnings and other messages. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. We can specify which additional information should be added to the extended log using the Extended log options. How do you debug a LoadRunner script? - VuGen contains two options to help debug Vuser scripts-the Run Step by Step command and breakpoints. The Debug settings in the Options dialog box allow us to determine the extent of the trace to be performed during scenario execution. The debug information is written to the Output window. We can manually set the message class within your script using the lr_set_debug_message function. This is useful if we want to receive debug information about a small section of the script only.

How do you write user defined functions in LR? Give me few functions you wrote in your previous project? Before we create the User Defined functions we need to create the external library (DLL) with the function. We add this library to VuGen bin directory. Once the library is added then we assign user defined function as a parameter. The function should have the following format: __declspec (dllexport) char* <function name>(char*, char*) Examples of user defined functions are as follows: GetVersion, GetCurrentTime, GetPltform are some of the user defined functions used in my earlier project.

What are the changes you can make in run-time settings? - The Run Time Settings that we make are: a) Pacing - It has iteration count. b) Log - Under this we have Disable Logging Standard Log and c) Extended Think Time - In think time we have two options like Ignore think time and Replay think time. d) General - Under general tab we can set the vusers as process or as multithreading and whether each step as a transaction.

Where do you set Iteration for Vuser testing? - We set Iterations in the Run Time Settings of the VuGen. The navigation for this is run time settings, Pacing tab, and set number of iterations.

How do you perform functional testing under load? - Running several Vusers concurrently can test functionality under load. By increasing the amount of Vusers, we can determine how much load the server can sustain.

What is Ramp up? How do you set this? - This option is used to gradually increase the amount of Vusers/load on the server. An initial value is set and a value to wait between intervals can be specified. To set Ramp Up, go to Scenario Scheduling Options

What is the advantage of running the Vuser as thread? - VuGen provides the facility to use multithreading. This enables more Vusers to be run per generator. If the Vuser is run as a process, the same driver program is loaded into memory for each Vuser, thus taking up a large amount of memory. This limits the number of Vusers that can be run on a single generator. If the Vuser is run as a thread, only one instance of the driver program is loaded into memory for the given number of

Vusers (say 100). Each thread shares the memory of the parent driver program, thus enabling more Vusers to be run per generator. If you want to stop the execution of your script on error, how do you do that? - The lr_abort function aborts the execution of a Vuser script. It instructs the Vuser to stop executing the Actions section, execute the vuser_end section and end the execution. This function is useful when you need to manually abort a script execution as a result of a specific error condition. When you end a script using this function, the Vuser is assigned the status "Stopped". For this to take effect, we have to first uncheck the Continue on error option in Run-Time Settings. What is the relation between Response Time and Throughput? - The Throughput graph shows the amount of data in bytes that the Vusers received from the server in a second. When we compare this with the transaction response time, we will notice that as throughput decreased, the response time also decreased. Similarly, the peak throughput and highest response time would occur approximately at the same time. Explain the Configuration of your systems? - The configuration of our systems refers to that of the client machines on which we run the Vusers. The configuration of any client machine includes its hardware settings, memory, operating system, software applications, development tools, etc. This system component configuration should match with the overall system configuration that would include the network infrastructure, the web server, the database server, and any other components that go with this larger system so as to achieve the load testing objectives. How do you identify the performance bottlenecks? - Performance Bottlenecks can be detected by using monitors. These monitors might be application server monitors, web server monitors, database server monitors and network monitors. They help in finding out the troubled area in our scenario, which causes increased response time. The measurements made are usually performance response time, throughput, hits/sec, network delay graphs, etc. If web server, database and Network are all fine where could be the problem? - The problem could be in the system itself or in the application server or in the code written for the application.

How did you find web server related issues? - Using Web resource monitors we can find the performance of web servers. Using these monitors we can analyze throughput on the web server, number of hits per second that occurred during scenario, the number of http responses per second, the number of downloaded pages per second.

How did you find database related issues? - By running Database monitor and help of Data Resource Graph we can find database related issues. E.g. You can specify the resource you want to measure on before running the controller and than you can see database related issues

Explain all the web-recording options? What is the difference between Overlay graph and Correlate graph? - Overlay Graph: It overlay the content of two graphs that shares a common x-axis. Left Y-axis on the merged graph shows the current graphs value & Right Yaxis show the value of Y-axis of the graph that was merged. Correlate Graph: Plot the Y-axis of two graphs against each other. The active graphs Y-axis becomes X-axis of merged graph. Y-axis of the graph that was merged becomes merged graphs Y-axis.

How did you plan the Load? What are the Criteria? - Load test is planned to decide the number of users, what kind of machines we are going to use and from where they are run. It is based on 2 important documents, Task Distribution Diagram and Transaction profile. Task Distribution Diagram gives us the information on number of users for a particular transaction and the time of the load. The peak usage and off-usage are decided from this Diagram. Transaction profile gives us the information about the transactions name and their priority levels with regard to the scenario we are deciding.

What does vuser_init action contain? - Vuser_init action contains procedures to login to a server. What does vuser_end action contain? - Vuser_end section contains log off procedures. What is think time? How do you change the threshold? - Think time is the time that a real user waits between actions. Example: When a user receives data from a server, the user may wait several seconds to review the data before responding. This delay is known as the think time. Changing the Threshold: Threshold level is the level below, which

the recorded think time will be ignored. The default value is five (5) seconds. We can change the think time threshold in the Recording options of the Vugen. What is the difference between standard log and extended log? - The standard log sends a subset of functions and messages sent during script execution to a log. The subset depends on the Vuser type Extended log sends a detailed script execution messages to the output log. This is mainly used during debugging when we want information about: Parameter substitution. Data returned by the server. Advanced trace. Explain the following functions: - lr_debug_message - The lr_debug_message function sends a debug message to the output log when the specified message class is set. lr_output_message - The lr_output_message function sends notifications to the Controller Output window and the Vuser log file. lr_error_message - The lr_error_message function sends an error message to the LoadRunner Output window. lrd_stmt - The lrd_stmt function associates a character string (usually a SQL statement) with a cursor. This function sets a SQL statement to be processed. lrd_fetch - The lrd_fetch function fetches the next row from the result set. Throughput - If the throughput scales upward as time progresses and the number of Vusers increase, this indicates that the bandwidth is sufficient. If the graph were to remain relatively flat as the number of Vusers increased, it would be reasonable to conclude that the bandwidth is constraining the volume of data delivered. Types of Goals in Goal-Oriented Scenario - Load Runner provides you with five different types of goals in a goal oriented scenario: o The number of concurrent Vusers o The number of hits per second o The number of transactions per second o The number of pages per minute

o The transaction response time that you want your scenario Analysis Scenario (Bottlenecks): In Running Vuser graph correlated with the response time graph you can see that as the number of Vusers increases, the average response time of the check itinerary transaction very gradually increases. In other words, the average response time steadily increases as the load increases. At 56 Vusers, there is a sudden, sharp increase in the average response time. We say that the test broke the server. That is the mean time before failure (MTBF). The response time clearly began to degrade when there were more than 56 Vusers running simultaneously. What is correlation? Explain the difference between automatic correlation and manual correlation? - Correlation is used to obtain data which are unique for each run of the script and which are generated by nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values and also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries). Automatic correlation is where we set some rules for correlation. It can be application server specific. Here values are replaced by data, which are created by these rules. In manual correlation, the value we want to correlate is scanned and create correlation is used to correlate. Where do you set automatic correlation options? - Automatic correlation from web point of view can be set in recording options and correlation tab. Here we can enable correlation for the entire script and choose either issue online messages or offline actions, where we can define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database, can be done using show output window and scan for correlation and picking the correlate query tab and choose which query value we want to correlate. If we know the specific value to be correlated, we just do create correlation for the value and specify how the value to be created. What is a function to capture dynamic values in the web vuser script? Web_reg_save_param function saves dynamic data information to a parameter Why did you ever become involved in QA/testing? What is the testing lifecycle and explain each of its phases?

What is the difference between testing and Quality Assurance? What is Negative testing? What was a problem you had in your previous assignment (testing if possible)? How did you resolve it? What are two of your strengths that you will bring to our QA/testing team? How would you define Quality Assurance? What do you like most about Quality Assurance/Testing? What do you like least about Quality Assurance/Testing? What is the Waterfall Development Method and do you agree with all the steps? What is the V-Model Development Method and do you agree with this model? What is the Capability Maturity Model (CMM)? At what CMM level were the last few companies you worked? What is a "Good Tester"? Could you tell me two things you did in your previous assignment (QA/Testing related hopefully) that you are proud of?

List 5 words that best describe your strengths. What are two of your weaknesses? What methodologies have you used to develop test cases? In an application currently in production, one module of code is being modified. Is it necessary to re- test the whole application or is it enough to just test functionality associated with that module?

Define each of the following and explain how each relates to the other: Unit, System, and Integration testing. Define Verification and Validation. Explain the differences between the two.

Explain the differences between White-box, Gray-box, and Black box testing. How do you go about going into a new organization? How do you assimilate? Define the following and explain their usefulness: Change Management, Configuration Management, Version Control, and Defect Tracking.

What is ISO 9000? Have you ever been in an ISO shop? When are you done testing? What is the difference between a test strategy and a test plan? What is ISO 9003? Why is it important What are ISO standards? Why are they important? What is IEEE 829? (This standard is important for Software Test Documentation-Why?) What is IEEE? Why is it important? Do you support automated testing? Why? We have a testing assignment that is time-driven. Do you think automated tests are the best solution? What is your experience with change control? Our development team has only 10 members. Do you think managing change is such a big deal for us?

Are reusable test cases a big plus of automated testing and explain why. Can you build a good audit trail using Compuware's QACenter products? Explain why. How important is Change Management in today's computing environments? Do you think tools are required for managing change? Explain and please list some tools/practices, which can help you managing change.

We believe in ad-hoc software processes for projects. Do you agree with this? Please explain your answer. When is a good time for system testing? Are regression tests required or do you feel there is a better use for resources? Our software designers use UML for modeling applications. Based on their use cases, we would like to plan a test strategy. Do you agree with this approach or would this mean more effort for the testers.

Tell me about a difficult time you had at work and how you worked through it. Give me an example of something you tried at work but did not work out so you had to go at things another way. How can one file compare future dated output files from a program, which has change, against the baseline run, which used current date for input?

The client does not want to mask dates on the output files to allow compares. - Answer-Rerun baseline and future date input files same # of days as future dated run of program with change. Now run a file compare against the baseline future dated output and the changed programs' future dated output