iSlT 2000.

Sorrento, Italy,June 25-30,2000

Chaotic Turbo Codes

S. Adrian Barbulescu and Andrew Guidi Institute for Telecommunications Research University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 e-mail: adrian.barbulescu@ unisa.edu.au Steven S . Pietrobon Small World Communications e-mail: steven@sworld.com.au
Abstract - This paper describes a new class of codes, chaotic turbo codes. They were born from a symbiosis between a chaotical digital encoder and a turbo code. This paper investigates the most important properties of both chaotic digital encoders and turbo encoders in order to understand how the two complement each other. A Chaotic Turbo Encoder is then described and initial results will be presented.

modulo 2L. The non-linear map is the LCIRC bloc which performs a rotate left operation. There are only two delay elements (D) in the encoder, of L bits each. Each encoder output, Yk,is L bits wide and can modulate one or more pulses. 11.

CHAOTIC TURBO ENCODER

I. INTRODUCTION A chaotic digital encoder was defined for the first time in [ 13 as a non-linear digital filter with finite precision (8 bits) which behaves in a quasi-chaotic fashion, both with zero and nonzero input sequences. A simple chaotic encoder is shown in Figure 1 [l].

L,

yk

Figure 1 : Chaotic Digital Encoder

The chaotic digital encoder shown in Figure 1 could replace the recursive systematic encoder used in a turbo code [2]. The key element in a turbo encoder is the interleaver. The role of the interleaveris to feed intb the second encoder the same data but in a different random order, such that at the receiving end, each decoder to be able to make independent decisions for the same data bit. A similar effect to interleaving can be achieved with the chaotic digital encoder if the initial states are different. Both encoders use feedback registers, one using binary data, the other L-tuples. The advantage of using a chaotic encoder in a turbo encoder consists in the possible elimination of the interleaver, therefore reducing delay in the system. The only difference appears in the non-linearity inserted in the chaotic digital encoder. 1. 1

The main features of chaotic digital encoders that are used in this DaDer are: The system is digital which makes possible its integration with a turbo code. The output of a chaotic digital encoder with arbitrary inputs has a broadband noiselike spectrum. The auto correlation function of the output is similar to an uncorrelated noise sequence. The outputs of a chaotic digital encoder with almost all arbitrary inputs are uncorrelated to the input for almost all choices of initial conditions. The outputs of a chaotic digital encoder with the same input sequences are uncorrelated to one another for almost all choices of different initial conditions. For almost all choices of input for two identical chaotic digital encoders having different but arbitrarily close initial states, the states of the two encoders will diverge. Another important result in this area is that chaotic circuits taken from an appropriate class can be made to synchronise. It has been shown that a chaotic system, in the presence of a continuous perturbation, is able to asymptotically track a replica of itself if it can be decomposed into subsystems with stable Lyapunov exponents. Binary digits, xk, are presented one at a time to the encoder and mapped onto either 0 or 2(G1). The additions are on L bits and the arithmetic is
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CONCLUSIONS

The paper described a chaotic turbo encoder. Simulation of the new Chaotic Turbo Codes are expected to show an improvement on the results reported in [3], which are based on a decision directed state feedback decoder. Similar work in the area of secure communication using chaotic signals without coding was reported in [4] for both AWGN and mobile channels. The use of turbo codes might prove a key element in reducing the high signal-to-noise ratios required by chaotical systems.
REFERENCES

1. D. R. Frey, Chaotic digital encoding: an approach to secure communications, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 660-666, Oct. 1993. 2. C. Berrou, A. Glavieux and P. Thitimajshima, Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: turbo-codes, ICC 1993, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 1064-1070, May 1993. 3. T. Aislam and J. A. Edwards, Secure communications using chaotic digital encoding, Electronics Letters, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 190-191,Feb. 1996. 4. J. Lee, S , Choi and D. Hong, Secure Communication using a Chaos System in a Mobile Channel, GLOBECOM98, pp. 2520-2525, Sydney, Australia, Nov. 1998.

0-7803-5857-0/00/%10.0002000 IEEE.