ExportandImport

These tools are used to transfer data from one oracle database to another oracle database. You Export tool to export data from source database, and Import tool to load data into the target database. When you export tables from source database export tool will extracts the tables and puts it into the dump file. This dump file is transferred to the target database. At the target database the Import tool will copy the data from dump file to the target database. From Ver. 10g Oracle is recommending to use Data Pump Export and Import tools, which are enhanced versions of original Export and Import tools. The export dump file contains objects in the following order: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Type definitions Table definitions Table data Table indexes Integrity constraints, views, procedures, and triggers Bitmap, function-based, and domain indexes

When you import the tables the import tool will perform the actions in the following order, new tables are created, data is imported and indexes are built, triggers are imported, integrity constraints are enabled on the new tables, and any bitmap, function-based, and/or domain indexes are built. This sequence prevents data from being rejected due to the order in which tables are imported. This sequence also prevents redundant triggers from firing twice on the same data

InvokingExportandImport
You can run Export and Import tool in two modes Command Line Mode Interactive Mode When you just type exp or imp at o/s prompt it will run in interactive mode i.e. these tools will prompt you for all the necessary input. If you supply command line arguments when calling exp or imp then it will run in command line mode CommandLineParametersofExporttool You can control how Export runs by entering the EXP command followed by various arguments. To specify parameters, you use keywords:

Format: EXP KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN) Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER GRANTS=Y TABLES=(EMP,DEPT,MGR) or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table

Keyword

Description (Default)

-------------------------------------------------------------USERID BUFFER FILE COMPRESS GRANTS INDEXES DIRECT LOG ROWS CONSISTENT FULL OWNER TABLES RECORDLENGTH INCTYPE RECORD TRIGGERS STATISTICS PARFILE username/password size of data buffer output files (EXPDAT.DMP) import into one extent (Y) export grants (Y) export indexes (Y) direct path (N) log file of screen output export data rows (Y) cross-table consistency(N) export entire file (N) list of owner usernames list of table names length of IO record incremental export type track incr. export (Y) export triggers (Y) analyze objects (ESTIMATE) parameter filename

CONSTRAINTS OBJECT_CONSISTENT FEEDBACK FILESIZE FLASHBACK_SCN FLASHBACK_TIME QUERY RESUMABLE RESUMABLE_NAME RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT TTS_FULL_CHECK TABLESPACES

export constraints (Y) transaction set to read only during object export (N) display progress every x rows (0) maximum size of each dump file SCN used to set session snapshot back to time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time select clause used to export a subset of a table suspend when a space related error is encountered(N) text string used to identify resumable statement wait time for RESUMABLE perform full or partial dependency check for TTS list of tablespaces to export export transportable tablespace metadata (N)

TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE TEMPLATE

template name which invokes iAS mode export

The Export and Import tools support four modes of operation FULL :Exports all the objects in all schemas OWNER :Exports objects only belonging to the given OWNER TABLES :Exports Individual Tables TABLESPACE :Export all objects located in a given TABLESPACE. ExampleofExportingFullDatabase The following example shows how to export full database $exp USERID=scott/tiger FULL=y FILE=myfull.dmp In the above command, FILE option specifies the name of the dump file, FULL option specifies that you want to export the full database, USERID option specifies the user account to connect to the database. Note, to perform full export the user should have DBA or EXP_FULL_DATABASE privilege.

ExampleofExportingSchemas To export Objects stored in a particular schemas you can run export utility with the following arguments $exp USERID=scott/tiger OWNER=(SCOTT,ALI) FILE=exp_own.dmp The above command will export all the objects stored in SCOTT and ALIs schema. ExportingIndividualTables To export individual tables give the following command $exp USERID=scott/tiger TABLES=(scott.emp,scott.sales) FILE=exp_tab.dmp This will export scotts emp and sales tables. ExportingConsistentImageofthetables If you include CONSISTENT=Y option in export command argument then, Export utility will export a consistent image of the table i.e. the changes which are done to the table during export operation will not be exported.

UsingImportUtility
Objects exported by export utility can only be imported by Import utility. Import utility can run in Interactive mode or command line mode. You can let Import prompt you for parameters by entering the IMP command followed by your username/password: Example: IMP SCOTT/TIGER Or, you can control how Import runs by entering the IMP command followed by various arguments. To specify parameters, you use keywords: Format: IMP KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN) Example: IMP SCOTT/TIGER IGNORE=Y TABLES=(EMP,DEPT) FULL=N or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table

USERID must be the first parameter on the command line. Keyword USERID BUFFER FILE SHOW IGNORE GRANTS INDEXES ROWS LOG FULL FROMUSER TOUSER TABLES RECORDLENGTH INCTYPE COMMIT PARFILE CONSTRAINTS DESTROY INDEXFILE SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES FEEDBACK TOID_NOVALIDATE FILESIZE STATISTICS RESUMABLE RESUMABLE_NAME RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT COMPILE STREAMS_CONFIGURATION STREAMS_INSTANITATION Description (Default) username/password size of data buffer input files (EXPDAT.DMP) just list file contents (N) ignore create errors (N) import grants (Y) import indexes (Y) import data rows (Y) log file of screen output import entire file (N) list of owner usernames list of usernames list of table names length of IO record incremental import type commit array insert (N) parameter filename import constraints (Y) overwrite tablespace data file (N) write table/index info to specified file skip maintenance of unusable indexes (N) display progress every x rows(0) skip validation of specified type ids maximum size of each dump file import precomputed statistics (always) suspend when a space related error is encountered(N) text string used to identify resumable statement wait time for RESUMABLE compile procedures, packages, and functions (Y) import streams general metadata (Y) import streams instantiation metadata (N)

ExampleImportingIndividualTables To import individual tables from a full database export dump file give the following command $imp scott/tiger FILE=myfullexp.dmp FROMUSER=scott TABLES=(emp,dept) This command will import only emp, dept tables into Scott user and you will get a output similar to as shown below

Export file created by EXPORT:V10.00.00 via conventional path import done in WE8DEC character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set . importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT . . importing table . . importing table "DEPT" "EMP" 4 rows imported 14 rows imported

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

Example,ImportingTablesofOneUseraccountintoanotherUseraccount For example, suppose Ali has exported tables into a dump file mytables.dmp. Now Scott wants to import these tables. To achieve this Scott will give the following import command $imp scott/tiger FILE=mytables.dmp FROMUSER=ali TOUSER=scott

Then import utility will give a warning that tables in the dump file was exported by user Ali and not you and then proceed. ExampleImportingTablesUsingPatternMatching Suppose you want to import all tables from a dump file whose name matches a particular pattern. To do so, use % wild character in TABLES option. For example, the following command will import all tables whose names starts with alphabet e and those tables whose name contains alphabet d $imp scott/tiger FILE=myfullexp.dmp FROMUSER=scott TABLES=(a%,%d%)

MigratingaDatabaseacrossplatforms.
The Export and Import utilities are the only method that Oracle supports for moving an existing Oracle database from one hardware platform to another. This includes moving between UNIX and NT systems and also moving between two NT systems running on different platforms.

The following steps present a general overview of how to move a database between platforms. 1. As a DBA user, issue the following SQL query to get the exact name of all tablespaces. You will need this information later in the process. SQL> SELECT tablespace_name FROM dba_tablespaces;

2. As a DBA user, perform a full export from the source database, for example: > exp system/manager FULL=y FILE=myfullexp.dmp 3. Move the dump file to the target database server. If you use FTP, be sure to copy it in binary format (by entering binary at the FTP prompt) to avoid file corruption. 4. Create a database on the target server. 5. Before importing the dump file, you must first create your tablespaces, using the information obtained in Step 1. Otherwise, the import will create the corresponding datafiles in the same file structure as at the source database, which may not be compatible with the file structure on the target system. 6. As a DBA user, perform a full import with the IGNORE parameter enabled: > imp system/manager FULL=y IGNORE=y FILE=myfullexp.dmp
Using IGNORE=y instructs Oracle to ignore any creation errors during the import and permit the import to complete.

7. Perform a full backup of your new database.