Present simple Infinitive + -s/-es(IIIsg): I eat/ he eats Interogative si negative: aux.

DO/DOES(IIIsg):

Present continuous(duration) Aux. BE la prezent + V- ing: I am eating/ she is eating actiune in progress in momentul vorbirii actiuni temporare:

Present perfect simple (rezultat) Aux. HAVE/HAS + V-ed/ 3 rd form of irregular verbs ( participiul trecut) I have eaten/ she has eaten actiune care a avut loc la un mom nehotarat din trecut si are rezultat/ effect, in present

Present perfect continuous (durata) Aux. BE la pres perf: have been/ has been( pt. pers a 3 a sg) + V-ing actiune care a inceput in trecut si continua inca in present, cu accent pe durata

I dont eat/ She doesnt eat - actiune obisnuita, repetata: adverbe: Adverbe: usually, sometimes, always, every day/week/year, in summer, on Wednesday, often, as a rule, etc I watch TV every night. - adevaruri general valabile: Vegetarians dont eat meat./The Danube flows into The Black Sea. in subordonate temporale si conditionale( in loc de viitor, dupa : after, when,until,till, by the timeas soon as, ,if, unless ): Ill call you when he

Adverbe: now, right now, today, this week/month/ year, at the moment, at present, still, etc We are studying English now. Im living in Brasov this week. ( I usually live in Brasov) cu valoare de viitor pentru a ne referi la planurile immediate ale cuiva sau la un aranjament din viitorul apropiat: They are getting married next month. I am leaving to Bucharest tomorrow.

I have eaten 5 icecreams( accent pe rezultatul actiuni- am mancati) -

I have been eating for 30 minutes.( mananc- accent pe durata actiunii) - actiune iritanta, deranjanta, repros:

adverbe de timp I have been waiting for you nehotarat si frecventa: for 2 hours. Where have you ever, never, seldom, been? rarely, yet ( intotdeauna la sfarsitul propozitiilor - adverbe: for, since, etc negative si interrogative),already( in prop affirmative), since ( pentru momentul in trecut cand a inceput actiunea), for ( pentru perioada de-a lungul

arrives. cu valoare de viitor pentru un eveniment stabilit si pe care nu-l putem modifica, controla(schedules, programmes, timetables) : The plane takes off at 7. ( va decola) in loc de present perfect cu verbe precum: hear, win, tell, forget: I hear ( have heard) that he is getting better and better. You win. ( have won) I forget ( have forgotten) your name. in exclamatii introduse de here and there:

- cu verbul to be, pentru a ne referi la comportamentul de moment al cuiva: You are being extremely rude today., compared to: You are usually a nice person. asociat cu adverbele always,forever, continually pentru a ne referi la ceva care ne deranjeaza, ne irita, la un repros, o critica: She is always complaining about her parents. Verbe care nu se folosesc in mod normal la aspectul continuu: - verbe de perceptie senzoriala: see, hear, taste, smell, feel, etc - verbe de gandire: think, know, undersatand, realize, believe, etc - verbe de emotie: love, hate, like, dislike, want, wish, etc - verbe de posesie: have, possess, belong, own,

careia s-a desfasurat actiunea), already, lately, etc I have been a teacher for ten years/ since 1999. pentru actiuni care au avut loc in trecutul imediat, associate cu just, in contrast cu trecutul simplu:

He has just left. He left 10 minutes ago. - pentru a ne referi la experienta cuiva pana in momentul vorbirii: I have never been to London before.

Here comes John! (Uite-l pe John!) - in explicatii, demonstratii, indicatii regizorale( cunoscut ca presentul simplu narativ):

He enters, takes off his hat and sits down. You break the eggs, add some sugar and mix them all.

owe, etc.. verbe care exprima o caracteristica generala: matter, concern, contain, consist, etc Note: unele din ele se folosesc la aspectul continuu 1) cand isi schimba sensul sau 2)cand sunt folosite premeditat: I am seeing a lawyer tomorrow. (appointment) I am having a headache today. (expression with a different meaning) Im thinking of going to Paris next summer. ( intend) 2) I am tasting the soup to see if its salty enough. Past continuous Trecutul aux. be: WAS/ WERE + V- ing actiune tecuta, in progress, de obicei intrerupta de una de mai scurta durata, redata de trecutul simplu I was eating when you came. -

Past simple Infinitive + -ed( pentru verbele regulate) / 2nd form pt vb neregulate) : I tried/ she ate Neg& Interrogative: DID pentru toate persoanele + infinitiv scurt: I didnt eat/ she didnt eat actiune incheiata la un

Past perfect simple Trecutul aux. have: HAD pentru toate persoanele + V-ed/ 3 rd form pt vb neregulate ( participiul trecut) I had eaten when you came home. actiune trecuta,

Past perfect continuous Trec perf al aux. BE: HAD BEEN( pt toate persoanele) + V-ing I had been eating for some time when my parents came home. - actiune trecuta, anterioara altei atiune trecute, dar in progress

moment dat din trecut, mentionat sau nu folosit pentru a povesti la trecut( trecutul narativ) adverbe: yesterday, last week/year, ago, etc

- actiuni simultane in progress in trecut I was eating while my sister was watching TV. - se traduce de obicei cu imperfectul romanesc

anterioara altei actiuni trecute tradus de obicei cu mai mult ca perfectul romanesc sau cu perfect compus

fata de actiunea exprimata de past pefect simple

I ate strawberries yesterday. I didnt eat apples . Future simple SHALL / WILL + infinitive

Future continuous Future of the aux BE: shall be/ will be + V- ing

Future perfect simple Future of the aux HAVE: shall/ will have + past participle( Ved/ 3 rd form) actiune terminata la un moment dat din viitor By the time you come back Ill have eaten my soup.( voi fi mancat, cu accent pe termiarea actiunii) -

Future in the past SHOULD/WOULD + infinitive actiune viitoare, vazuta din trecut

- actiune care are loc la un moment dat din viitor - actiune in progress la un - on-the-spot decisions: Ill have moment dat din viitor pizza. - for requests or offers ( as a I ll be eating pancakes this modal): Will you help me with time tomorrow.(voi manca-cu my luggage?/Ill come and help accent pe continuitate) you. - predictions: He will fail the exam. - adverbe: tomorrow, next week/ month/ year, etc Ill eat seafood tomorrow.( voi manca) Other means of expressing the future:

My mum knew I would eat if I was hungry.( stia ca voi manca)

Be going to ( conjugat la prezent) + short infinitive, folosit pt a exprima intentie: I am going to tell him the truth.( Ii voi spune adevarul) si certitudinea ca ceva se va intampla : It is going to rain. (va ploua) Be to + short infinitive, fol pt a exprima un aranjament : We are to meet at 7 p.m.( urmeaza sa ne intalim la 7), dar si un ordin: You are to stay in bed for 2 weeks. (vei sta/ urmeaza sa stai) Be about to + short infinitive, pt a exprima ceva iminent: Look at her, she is about to cry. Be due to + short infinitive, folosita pt a exprima ceva inainte stabilit: The play is due to start in a few minutes. (Piesa urmeaza sa inceapa in cateva minute). Present Continuous for arrangements in the immediate/near future: Im going to the theatre tonight. Present Simple in timetables: The plane takes off at 7.