I - PROBLEM 1) A baseball player hits a homerun, and the ball lands in the left field seats, which is 120

m away from the point at which the ball was hit. The ball lands with a velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 30 degrees below horizontal. Ignoring air resistance (A) find the initial velocity and the angle above horizontal with which the ball leaves the bat; (B) find the height of the ball relatively to the ground. II GIVEN DATA Distance from the ball was hit- 120 m Velocity of the ball20 m/s Angle below horizontal30 degrees III UNKNOWN/s Initial velocity and the angle above horizontal with which the ball leaves the bat Height of the ball relativity to the ground IV DIAGRAM

V FORMULA

VI SOLUTION (A) Initial velocity. Without air resistance this is simple projectile motion. In the present problem we do not know initial velocity: we do not know the magnitude of the velocity (speed) and we do not know its direction. There are two sets of equations, which describe the motion of the projectile (ball). Set 1: motion along horizontal axis (axis x see figure). This is the motion with constant velocity. There is only one equation, which describe this motion: ................................................(1) Here . Since the motion along the axis x is the motion with constant velocity then the xcomponent of the velocity is constant. We know the velocity at the final point. Then we can find the x-component of the velocity at the final point: This x-component of the velocity is equal to the x-component of the initial velocity: ...........(2) We also know the x-coordinate of the final point (point B): it is 120 m. We substitute this value in equation (1) and obtain From this equation we can find the time of travel from point A to point B:

Now we need to analyze the second set of equations. Set 2: motion along vertical axis (axis y see figure). This is the motion with constant acceleration free fall motion. There are three equations, which describe this motion. Only two equations are independent, but it is convenient to write all three equations: .............(3) ................................................(4) Since the initial y-coordinate is zero, then .............................................(5) We know the y component of the final velocity

This is the y-component of the velocity at the moment of time substitute these values in equation (4) and obtain

. We

From this equation we can find the y-component of the initial velocity:

Finally we know the x- and y-components of the initial velocity:

From these expressions we can find the magnitude of the initial velocity and the direction (angle) of the initial velocity:

Now we know the initial velocity. (B) Final height. We need to find the final height of the ball (the final y-coordinate). To find the final height we can use equation (3). We just need to substitute the y-component of the initial velocity and the traveled time in this equation:

VII FINAL ANSWER Initial Velocity57.6 m/s Angle above horizontal- 73.3 degrees Height164 m

I PROBLEM 2) What is the speed (m/sec) needed for a stunt driver to launch from a 20 degree ramp to land 15 m away? What is his maximum height? II GIVEN DATA Angle above horizontal- 20 degrees Distance covered15 m III UNKNOWN/s Speed needed Maximum height IV - DIAGRAM

V FORMULA

VI SOLUTION Initial speed. This is the projectile motion. There are two sets of equations, which describe the motion of the projectile (stunt driver): Set 1: motion along horizontal axis (axis x see figure). This is the motion with constant velocity. There is only one equation, which describe this motion: ..............................(1) Here and .

Set 2: motion along vertical axis (axisy see figure). This is the motion with constant acceleration free fall motion. There are three equations, which describe this motion. Only two equations are independent, but it is convenient to write all three equations: ................(2) ...........................(3) ...........................(4) We know that the y-coordinate of the final point (point B) is 0 and the x-coordinate of the final point is 15 m. We substitute these values in equations (1) and (2) and obtain

Then from the first equation we can find

Substitute this expression into the second equation:

From this equation we can easily find the initial velocity:

Maximum height. The condition that the projectile is at the point with the maximum height is that the y-component of its velocity at this point is zero. It is easier to find the maximum height from equation (4). Indeed, we substitute Then in this equation and obtain:

We know

, then we can find the maximum height:

VII FINAL ANSWER Speed needed15.1 m/s Maximum height- 1.38 m

I PROBLEM 3) An object travels a distance of 5 km towards east, and then 4 km towards north and finally10 km towards east, what Is the total traveled distance? What is the resultant displacement? II GIVEN DATA Object travels the distance of 5 km towards east, 4 km towards north, and 10 km towards east. III UNKNOWN Total distance traveled Resultant Displacement IV DIAGRAM

V FORMULA S total = S1 + S2 + S3 S net = ( S2net,x + S2net,y )1/2

(Total Distance Traveled) (Magnitude of Displacement)

VI SOLUTION We show each displacement (travelled paths) in the figure. (1) The total traveled distance is the sum of all traveled distances. It does not matter what the relative directions of displacements are, we just need to add the magnitude of displacements:

(2) The second part of the problem is easier to solve in terms of components of vectors.

The net (resultant) displacement is the vector sum of three displacements: the first displacement ( ), the second displacement ( ), and the third displacement ( ):

Then we can find the x and y components of the displacement vectors and finally the net displacement:

Then the magnitude of the net displacement is

VII FINAL ANSWER Total Distance Traveled- 19 km Resulting Displacement- 15.5 km

I PROBLEM 4) A cylindrical vessel of radius 0.1 meter is filled with water to a height of 0.5 meter. It has a capillary tube 0.15 meter long and 0.0002 meter radius fixed horizontally at its bottom. Find the time in which the water level will fall to a height of 0.2 meter. II GIVEN DATA Radius of the vessel Height of water level Length of the capillary tube Radius of the capillary tube Dependent height-

0.1 m 0.5 m 0.15 m 0.0002 m 0.2 m

III UNKNOWN/s Time in which the water level will fall to a height of 0.2 meter IV DIAGRAM

V FORMULA

(Bernoullis equation) needed VI SOLUTION In the present problem we need to use the Bernoulli's law and the continuity equation (liquid is incompressible). We introduce points B and C as shown in the figure below. The velocities at these two points are

and From the continuity equation we know that the product of the velocity and the cross section area is constant. We apply this equation for points C and B:

The radius of vessel at point C is is

, then the cross section area at point C

The radius of tube at point B is B is Then and

, then the cross section area at point

Therefore the velocity of liquid at point C is much smaller than the velocity of the liquid at point B. Now we can write down the Bernoulli's law for points B and C:

Since

then we can disregard the second term in the left hand side:

Then Using the relation (1) we obtain At the same time the velocity at point C can be expressed as the change of the height of the liquid in the vessel:

Then

Now we need to take the integral (from initial to the final moment) of both sides of the equation

VII FINAL ANSWER It will take 8 hours for the water level to fall to 0.2 meters.

I PROBLEM 5 )A person stands 40 m from a flag pole. With a protractor at eye level, he finds the angle at the top of the flag pole with the horizontal is 25.0 degrees. How high is the flag pole? The distance from his feet to his eyes is 1.8 m. II GIVEN DATA Distance between the person and the pole- 40 m Angle above horizontal of the person25 degrees Height of the person from eyes to feet- 1.8 m III UNKNOWN Height of the pole IV DIAGRAM

V FORMULA Height of the pole = OC = OB + CB VI SOLUTION We draw the picture of the problem, where we show the angle 25 degree, the person's height, and the distance between the person and the pole. From the right triangle ABC we can find the distance BC (we know the angle and we know the distance AB = 40 m): The distance OB is equal to the height of the person (which is 1.8 m). Then we can find the whole height of the pole: VII FINAL ANSWER The pole is 20.4 m high.