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Sulaim_qais@yahoo.

com 11 September 2012

NETWORK CONFIGURATION

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012

1. INTRODUCTION
This paper guides you to configure ADSL (PPPoE) network using Cisco devices. To ensure that this paper is realistic, I try using Streamyx from Telekom Malaysia (TM) as our practical example. TM is our Internet Service Provider (ISP). This paper includes configuration of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Virtual LAN (VLAN), VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP), Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Telnet, virtual private dial-up network (VPDN), access control list (ACL), network address translation (NAT) and IP-phone. I hope that this paper would be a good reference in helping you guys. Note that this configuration is just base on my readings and people experiences. I tested the network using packet tracer. Thus, the configuration would be more convincing if we had a chance of handling with real devices. 1.1 ADSL

Ethernet cable (straight cable)

Figure 1 : ADSL network connection to the internet. The computer represents the network.

The computer is where the network that we will build. Note that ADSL (and other xDSL technology) speed depends on the distance between your site and the ISP. The closer your network to the ISP, the more bandwidth or higher speed available to you. Specifically with xDSL

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 connection that ride over Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), there might be some electromagnetic interference factors you also need to consider. 1.2 CHOOSING A MODEM

There is internal and external modem. In case that you use external modem, you need to verify if the modem is "just" a modem (dumb modem) or if the modem is an integrated modem/router. A simple dumb modem typically needs no special configuration such as cisco DSL modem. You can just connect the modem into your Internet gateway device. If the modem is an integrated modem/router, then you need to confirm further issues like bridge/route mode, NAT/PAT active, and so on. Thus, if using internal modem make sure that the modem is compatible with ISP. Internal modem is sometime given by the ISP such as steamyx. The configuration of this given modem is restricted (have been configured by ISP) and the configuration will not be cover here.

1.3 What you need to know about ADSL. When using a Cisco router with internal DSL modem, there might be a need to have interface BVI1 activated and to set VPI/VCI value for the ATM interface (I include this in appendix) When there is no internal DSL modem, you should not need BVI interface receive either static or dynamic IP address with specific subnet mask from ISP the ISP IP address is a public IP address (Internet routable), thus we have to use NAT. ISP assign the IP address by either PPP (PPPoE or PPPoA), DHCP, or static may or may not receive ISP DNS IP address. When you use Cisco router as the ISP gateway, there is a need to have interface Dialer1 activated You need to tie the WAN port interface with the interface Dialer1 Under the interface Dialer1, there is a need to have either "ip address x.x.x.x y.y.y.y" (statically assigned) or "ip address negotiated" (dynamically assigned) When using a Cisco router with internal DSL modem, there might be a need to have either "ip address x.x.x.x y.y.y.y" (statically assigned) or "ip address negotiated" (dynamically assigned) under the interface BVI1 You might be required to set specific MAC address under the interface BVI1 When you do use interface BVI1, you need to tie the WAN port interface with the interface BVI1 When the router has no internal DSL modem, then the IP address assignment (either statically or dynamically) should be under the ISP-facing Ethernet interface Should you need to set specific MAC address and there is no internal DSL modem, the MAC address should be under the ISP-facing Ethernet interface

I am using External modem so dont bother much about that internal modem

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012


2. GETTING STARTED 2.1

WHAT YOU NEED TO DO??

i) Get Console cable make connection between DB port (computer) and console port (router or switch). The connection is made to program the device. The connection is similar for both router and switch.

Figure 3 : Console cable

Figure 4 : A Computer connected to a router using console cable.

if there is no DB-9 or DB-25 port on PC or laptop we need converter to USB

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012


It is preferable to use either DB-9 or DB-25 serial port for console in instead of using USB port. In some cases, using DB9-USB or DB25-USB adapter may not work; depending on the adapter model itself or adapter setting.

ii) Go to Hyper Terminal. Hyper Terminal is available in windows XP. Newer version Microsoft OS are unavailable (windows 8 not sure). However, you can get the software from internet at www.hilgraeve.com/htpe/download.html.

Figure 5 : Windows XP interface pointing toward hyper terminal start up menu iii) Select the terminal configuration as figure 6.

Figure 6 : Terminal configuration value iv) Observe your router. Which port for WAN (internet or internetwork) and which for LAN. Some router specify special port for console, WAN, LAN.

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 2.2 UNDERSTAND WHICH CABLE FOR WHICH

Types of cable we will be using : i) cross-over cable: LAN Ethernet cable

ii) Straight cable: LAN Ethernet cable

Some people confuse in using cross (i) and straight cable (ii). Thus, I make this as simple as possible by memorize this word : Any device that connects to a switch or a hub should be using straight cable except itself (switch or hub Both of this cable can be recognized by differences in its wire arrangements. Tips : if you still not sure which type of cable to be used sometimes, try both cables and see which works. Note: If there is an auto MDI/MDI-X feature support on the one of the device you don't have to use any crossover cable in the connection, having just straight cable would be ok.

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 iii) Serial cable: Mostly use for inter-router connection iv) Telephone cable: connect to telephone line (ISDN) v) Console cable : use for computer to program Cisco devices.

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 3. CONFIGURE A NETWORK 3.1 NETWORK

The network that we will configure is as figure 7 having ADSL connection to the internet.

Figure 7 : Network that I have configure using packet tracer.

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 3.2 STREAMYX WAN SETTINGS (GIVEN BY ISP)


PORT / VPI / VCI: Connection Type: Service Name: Service Category: IP Address: Service State: NAT: Firewall: IGMP Multicast: Quality Of Service: Line Rate Upstream (Kbps): Line Rate Downstream (Kbps): LAN IP Address: Default Gateway: Primary DNS Server: Secondary DNS Server: MTU : 1400 bytes MRU : 1492 bytes Default Route: Disable PPPoE Pass Through: Disable PVC : Pvc0 Connection Type: PPPoE / LLC Authentication Type: Auto / PAP xxx xxxx xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 219.93.218.177 202.188.0.133 202.188.1.5 0 / 0 / 35 PPPoE pppoe_0_0_35_1 UBR Automatically Assigned Enabled Enabled Enabled Enabled Disabled

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 3.3 CALCULATE VARIABLE SUBNET LENGTH MASK (VLSM)

VLSM is used to assign IP addresses so that the available address wont waste because of subnet size difference. You can calculate using this site www.vlsm-calc.net. The data generated is as below :

Major Network: 192.168.1.0/24 Available IP addresses in major network: 254 Number of IP addresses needed: 22 Available IP addresses in allocated subnets: 34 About 17% of available major network address space is used About 65% of subnetted network address space is used Subnet Name Network at swicth0 MGT VLAN Engineer VLAN IP-phone VLAN Between router Need Size 8 4 Size 14 6 Address 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.16 Mask /28 /29 Dec Mask Assignable Range Broadcast

255.255.255. 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.15 240 192.168.1.14 255.255.255. 248 255.255.255. 248 255.255.255. 248 255.255.255. 252 192.168.1.17 192.168.1.23 192.168.1.22 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.30 192.168.1.33 192.168.1.39 192.168.1.38 192.168.1.41 192.168.1.43 192.168.1.42

192.168.1.24

/29

192.168.1.32

/29

192.168.1.40

/30

Useful link to calculate regular subnet, wildcard etc. www.tlshopper.com/tools/calculate/ip_subnet

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 3.3 SETTING COMMAND FOR SWITCH 1 AND SWITCH 2 (FIRST NETWORK)

Figure 8 : Connection between switch 1 and switch 2 Switch 2 No Enable Conf t vlan10 Name mgt Exit Vlan 22 Name engineer Exit Vlan 80 Name native Vlan 150 Name voice Native VLAN is used for devices that not support 802.1q trunk encapsulation (mostly non-Cisco device) Create and name VLAN

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 Int fa0/23 Switchport mode trunk Switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-99,150 Create trunk Switchport trunk native vlan 80 Exit Int fa0/24 Switchport mode trunk Switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-99,150 Exit Int range fa0/1-22 Switchport mode access Exit Int range fa0/1-5 Switchport access vlan 10 Exit Int range fa0/6-10 Switchport access vlan 22 Exit Int range fa0/11-15 Swicthport voice vlan 150 Exit Int range fa0/16-20 Switchport access vlan 80 Exit End Copy running-config start-config Assign VLAN for specific port

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 Switch 0 No Enable Conf t vlan10 Name mgt Exit Vlan 22 Name engineer Exit Vlan 80 Name native Vlan 150 Name voice Int fa0/23 Switchport mode trunk Switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-99,150 Switchport trunk native vlan 80 Exit Int fa0/24 Switchport mode trunk Switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-99,150 Exit Int range fa0/1-22 Switchport mode access Exit

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 Int range fa0/1-5 Switchport access vlan 10 Exit Int range fa0/6-10 Switchport access vlan 22 Exit Int range fa0/11-15 Swicthport voice vlan 150 Exit Int range fa0/16-20 Switchport access vlan 80 Exit End Copy running-config start-config ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tips: You can replace: Switchport mode trunk Switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-99,150 Switchport trunk native vlan 80 To : Switchport mode dynamic desirable Switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-99,150 Switchport trunk native vlan 80 (By using this command you dont have to repeat the command on both side of the switch) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 3.4 SETTING COMMAND FOR ROUTER1 AND SWITCH0 (SECOND NETWORK)

Figure 8 : Second network Router1 No En Conf t Ip dhcp pool vlan1 Network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.240 Default-router 192.168.1.1 exit Int se0/1/0 Ip add 192.168.1.42 255.255.255.252 No shut exit Router eigrp 100 Network 192.168.1.40 No auto-summary End Copy running-config start-config Assign EIGRP (LAN routing protocol for connection between router) Assign DHCP to second network (Automatically assign IP to connected device)

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 3.5 SETTING ROUTER CONNECTION TO INTERNET

Figure 9 : Router that connect to the internet using DSL modem Router home No en conf t hostname home banner motd @ Sila keluar @ Name the router as home Notification when entering the router configuration Avoid spelling mistake translate as domain name Prevent syslog

no ip domain lookup

no logging console enable password cisco enable secret cisco1 service password-encryption line vty 0 login password cisco2 exit conf t ip dhcp pool MGT` network 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.248 default-router 192.168.1.17 dns-server 202.188.0.133 exit ip dhcp pool Engineer network 192.168.1.24 255.255.255.248 default-router 192.168.1.25 Configure a network without CCNA

Secure the passwords For TELNET

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 dns-server 202.188.0.133 exit ip dhcp pool Native network 192.168.1.48 255.255.255.248 default-router 192.168.1.49 dns-server 202.188.0.133 exit ip dhcp pool Voice network 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.248 default-router 192.168.1.33 option 150 ip 192.168.1.33 exit telephony-service max-dn 10 max-ephone 10 ip source address 192.168.1.33 port 2000 auto assign 1 to 9 exit Set IP-phone

ephone-dn 1 number 62001 exit ephone-dn 2 number 62002 exit vpdn enable vpdn-group 1 request-dialin protocol pppoe exit interface fa0/0 description ADSL WAN Interface no ip address Assign IP-phone number

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp no ip mroute-cache pppoe enable no cdp enable exit interface Dialer1 description ADSL WAN Dialer ip address negotiated no ip unreachables ip nat outside encapsulation ppp no ip mroute-cache dialer pool 1 dialer-group 1 no cdp enable ppp authentication chap pap callin ppp pap sent-username ispusername password isppassword exit dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit interface Dialer1 ip mtu 1400 ip tcp adjust-mss 1452 exit int fa0/1 description ADSL LAN Interface
no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat inside no ip mroute-cache no cdp enable no shut exit

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012


int fa0/1.10 encapsulation dot1q 10 ip add 192.168.1.17 255.255.255.248 exit int fa0/1.22 encapsulation dot1q 22 ip add 192.168.1.25 255.255.255.248 exit int fa0/1.80 encapsulation dot1q 80 exit

Create sub-interface for each VLAN

ip nat inside source list 1 interface fa0/0 overload access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 no cdp run ip nat inside source list 10 interface dialer1 overload ip classless interface Dialer1 shutdown ppp ipcp route default no shutdown ppp ipcp dns request accept ppp ipcp address accept exit router eigrp 100 network 192.168.1.40 no auto-summary int s0/0 ip add 192.168.1.41 255.255.255.252 clock rate 6400 no shut end

NAT (translate private network to public)

Clock must be set at one end of serial terminal. Known by command show controller

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 4 TERMINOLOGY (notes)

VPI/VCI = Virtual Path Identifier / Virtual Channel Identifier ATM operates as a channel-based transport layer, using virtual circuits (VCs). This is encompassed in the concept of the Virtual Paths (VP) and Virtual Channels. Every ATM cell has an 8- or 12-bit Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and 16-bit Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) pair defined in its header. Together, these identify the virtual circuit used by the connection. The length of the VPI varies according to whether the cell is sent on the user-network interface (on the edge of the network), or if it is sent on the network-network interface (inside the network). As these cells traverse an ATM network, switching takes place by changing the VPI/VCI values (label swapping). Cable Internet =is a form of broadband Internet access that uses the cable television infrastructure. Like digital subscriber line and fiber to the premises services.It is integrated into the cable television infrastructure analogously to DSL which uses the existing telephone network. Private network = network that uses private IP address space, following the standards set by RFC 1918 and RFC 4193. These addresses are commonly used for home, office, and enterprise local area networks (LANs), when globally routable addresses are not mandatory, or are not available for the intended network applications. UnderInternet Protocol IPv4, private IP address spaces were originally defined in an effort to delay IPv4 address shortage, but they are also a feature of the next generation Internet Protocol, IPv6. IP packets addressed by them cannot be transmitted onto the public Internet. If such a private network needs to connect to the Internet, it must use either a network address translator (NAT) gateway, or a proxy server. Ex : 192.168.1.1 Public network = Public IP address is seen by the world and accessible from any internet connected device. You can check your public IP here http://whatismyipaddress.com/. ex : 175.141.28.62. Do not need to configure network address translator (NAT) gateway, or a proxy server. Zero-subnet = Under old IP subnetting rules, the all 0s subnet was reserved for the network, and the all 1s subnet was reserved for the broadcast. Over time, engineers found that the all 0s subnet wasnt really used and, if it could be handed out as a useable network, many IP addresses could be changed. An example of an IP address that is using a zero subnet is 10.1.0.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. This IP address may look pretty weird to you. Some people may even try to argue that it is an invalid IP address because there is a 0 in third octet. However, today, this IP address is perfectly legal when it comes to subnetting. Thus, if I had an IP address of 10.1.0.0 with a 255.255.0.0 subnet mask and wanted to subnet it, I could actually get 255 valid networks out of it by using the 0 subnet. In other words, I could have networks ranging from 10.1.{0254}.X where the X represents hosts 1-254. This gives me room for networks 0-254, or 255 total networks, by using the 0 subnet. Cisco IOS router, by default, has the command ip subnetzero enabled on the router.

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 BRI = Basic Rate Interface.

PPP multilink = multiple PPP links and bond them together to act as a single PPP link. dialer rotary group = used to apply a single interface configuration to a set of physical interface...mostly used when you have multiple caller and calling destination.used for those situations where you have multiple lines bundled into a single rotary group used for async dial-in or ISDN channel rotation. Dial-On-Demand Routing (DDR) = a technique whereby a router can automatically initiate and close a circuit-switched session as transmitting stations demand. The router spoofs keepalives so that end stations treat the session as active. DDR permits routing over ISDN or telephone lines using an external ISDN terminal adaptor or modem. routing technique where a network connection to a remote site is established only when needed. In other words, if the router tries to send out data and the connection is off, then the router will automatically establish a connection, send the information, and close the connection when no more data needs to be sent. DDR is advantageous for companies that must pay per minute for a WAN setup, where a connection is always established. Constant connections can become needlessly expensive if the company does not require a constant internet connection.[1] IP classless command = means Do Not Drop Any Packet when the default route is configured. Meaning to use classless addressing (not bound to a network class A, B or C Classfull).

VPND = Virtual Private Dial-up Network. network that extends remote access to a private network using a shared infrastructure. nstead of making connections directly to the network by using the expensive Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), access VPDN users only need to use the PSTN to connect to the ISP local point of presence (POP).

Configure a network without CCNA

Sulaim_qais@yahoo.com 11 September 2012 PPoE = The PPPoE on Ethernet feature adds support to PPPoE by adding direct connection to actual Ethernet interfaces. PPPoE provides service-provider digital subscriber line (DSL) support. The following restrictions apply when the PPPoE on Ethernet feature is used: PPPoE will not be supported on Frame Relay. PPPoE will not be supported on any other LAN interfaces such as FDDI and Token Ring. Fast switching is supported. PPP over Ethernet over RFC 1483 fibswitching will be supported for IP. All other protocols will be switched over process switching.

REFERENCE 1. http://www.dslreports.com/faq/8199 2. http://www.yourictmagazine.com/techonology/tips-a-tricks/206-basic-to-configure-a-ciscorouter-to-connect-to-internet3. http://www.windowsitpro.com/article/internet/9-steps-to-setting-up-a-cisco-router 4. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/800/801/software/configuration/guide/basicsce .html 5. www.youtube.com 6. Wikipedia

Configure a network without CCNA

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