b f];|f] ;+ :s /0 f

c f jlw s lh N n f ljs f ; o f ] t h '{ d f ; D a G w L lg b ] {

clGtd d:of}bf

>L % sf] ;/sf/ /fli6 oo g c f]u f]h f fo

l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn h]7, 2058

(2)

e " ld s f
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% n] k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljsf;sf ;du| kIfxnfO{ ;d]6L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{kg]{ / To;}sf cfwf/df jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df u/L ; +rfng ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . P]gsf] o; k| fjwfgnfO{ sfo{kdf ptfg{ lhNnfdf sfo{/t ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnf (stakeholders) nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k'uf];\ / ;a} lhNnfxsf] cfjlws of]hgfxdf Psktf cfcf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . of] lgb]{lzsfsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug]{ qmddf ut jif{ /fli6o of]hgf cfof]uf/f cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff / o;sf] k|lqmofut 9fFrf tof/ u/L If]qLo :t/df ljleGg :yfgxdf ;xeflutfd"ns 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L Jofks 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . tL 5nkmnxaf6 k|fKt ;'emfjx ;d]t ;d]6L ljz]if1xsf] nfdf] k| of;af6 of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o; lgb]{lzsfn] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r /fvL cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjogf/f lhNnfxsf] eljio kf/bzL{ kn] ;'lglZrt ug]{ sfo{df pNn]vgLo ;xof]u k'ofpg]5 . ;fy} o;n] tYof+sdf cfwfl/t ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{df ;d]t 7"nf] 6]jf k'ofpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o;cg'k tof/ x'g] ljleGg lhNnfxsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfxn] :yfgLo :t/sf] ljsf;sf] b[li6sf]0f / cfofd (local dimension) :ki6 kdf k|:t't ug]{ x'gfn] lhNnf leqsf gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltxn] klg cfcfgf] If]qsf] cfjlws ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug{sf] nflu ;d]t of] lgb]{lzsf pkof]uL x'g] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 /fli6o :t/df of]hgf th'{df ug{df ;d]t 7"nf] ;xof]u k'Ug hfg]5 . of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug]{ sfo{df k|ToIf kdf ;+nUg eO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg' x'g] >L bfdf]b/ clwsf/L / cfcfgf] ;'emfj k|bfg ug'{ eO{ of] lgb]{lzsfnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u ug'{ x'g]

>L eujtLs'df/ sfn], >L cjgLGb|s'df/ >]i7, >L u+ufbQ cj:yL, >L dlGb/f kf}8]n, >L dx]z/fh zdf{ nufot k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfg ug] { ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmd ;a}nfO{ /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u wGojfb 1fkg ub{5 . h]i7 @)%* /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+

(4)

ljifo ;" rL
kl/ro.............................................................................................6
1.1 e"ldsf ................................................................................................6 1.2 lgb]{lzsfsf] cf}lrTo / p@]Zox...........................................................6 1.3 lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug]{ qmddf ckgfOPsf ljlw / tf}/tl/sfx?.............................7 1.4 lgb]{lzsfsf k|of]ustf{x? .....................................................................8 1.5 lgb]{lzsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ljifoj:t' / o;sf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf .........................9

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf..............................................................11

2.1 kl/efiff ............................................................................................11 2.2 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df;DaGwL gLltut / sfg"gL Joj:yfx.............11 2.3 k|s[lt / o;n] ;d]^\g] If]qx? ................................................................15 2.4 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf ;Ldfx? .......................................................17 2.5 /fli^o, ljifout of]hgf / cGo of]hgf;usf] ;DaGw, ;dGjo / ;lDdng ..........19 2.6 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ ljifox?..................................28

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof.......................................31

3.1 e"ldsf ..............................................................................................31 3.2 cflhljof] th'{dfsf dxTjk"-f{ kIfx? .......................................................33 3.3 of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof........................................................................35 3.4 cjnDjg ul/Psf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?...............................................................36

lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq-f tyf ljZn]if-f.....................................................37

4.1 e"ldsf...............................................................................................37 4.2 k"j{tof/L sfo{zfnf uf]i&L...................................................................39 4.3 tYof+s ;+sng tyf ljZn]if-f..................................................................39 4.4 lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if-fdf ;dfj]z x'g] ljifox?sf] ?k/]vf...............................41 4.5 lhNnfsf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgf ljZn]if-f sfo{zfnf uf]i&L ...............................92 4.6 lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq-f b:tfj]h k|sfzg .......................................................92

of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df..........................................................93

5.1 e"ldsf...............................................................................................93 5.2 lhNnf ljsf;sf r'gf}lt tyf cj;/x?..............................................................93 5.3 lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL#{sfnLg ;f]r tyf l;$fGtx? lgwf{/-f...............................96 5.4 lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli^ut nIo, p@]Zox? tyf /-fgLlt lgwf{/-f.......................100 5.5 lhNnf ljsf;sf ljifout p@]Zox? tyf k|fyldstf lgwf{/-f.............................101 5.6 ;"rsx?sf] lgwf{/-f............................................................................105 5.7 k|dfl-ft ug]{ cfwf/x?sf] klxrfg (Means of VerificationMOV).............107 5.8 hf]lvd kIfxsf] klxrfg ......................................................................108 5.9 ;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i&Lsf] cfof]hgf.........................111

k|d'v sfo{qmd, k|fyldstfk|fKt cfof]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog of]hgf .....115

6.1 cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/-f ................................115 6.2 sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] juL{s/-f (Ranking of the Projects)..............120 6.3 k|d'v sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx? %gf}^ tyf ah]^ Joj:yf ...........................128 6.4 cfof]hgf z'? / ;DkGg x'g] cjlw (Project Phasing) tyf sfof{Gjog tflnsf.......................................................................130 6.5 k|:tfljt e"pkof]u tyf lhNnf ljsf;sf] ef}uf]lns vfsf (Land use and spatial structure)..................................................131 6.6 ;+u&gfTds ;+/rgf / ljsf; Joj:yfkg .....................................................131 6.7 cflhljof] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k"j{tof/L tyf jflif{s nufgL sfo{qmd...........141

1
1.1

kl/ro
(In tro d u c tio n )
e"ldsf

k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfgf]] lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf nflu bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf cfwf/df cfjlws / jflif{s ljsf; of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ tyf cfjlws of]hgf slDtdf % jif{sf] x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLn] u/]sf] 5 . :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yfsf cfwf/df xfn;Dd lhNnf:t/df ;du|tfdf cfwfl/t eO{ cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf] sfo{ xfn}sf jif{xb]lv x'g] u/]sf]n] cfjlws of]hgf k|lqmof xfd|f] ;Gbe{df gf}nf] cEof; xf] .

1.2

lgb]{lzsfsf] cf}lrTo / p@]Zox

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLn] u/]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf cg'?k cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf ;dfj]z x'g'kg] { ljifoj:t'x :ki6 ug]{ / of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf Psktf Nofpg] x]t'n] of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o; lgb]{lzsfsf b]xfoadf]lhd ljz]if p2]Zox /x]sf 5g\ . != lhNnf:t/df cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ug]{ ;Gbe{df :ki6tf Nofpg] . @= cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfdf :yfgLo Ifdtf ljsf; u/L afXo lge{/tf sd ub}{ :yfgLo ;Lk / ;fwgsf] pkof]u u/L lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpg] . #= cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof / o;n] ;d]6\g'kg] { ljifoj:t'df Psktf NofO{ ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k4ltnfO{ lhNnf:t/df ;+:yfut ug{ d2t k'ofpg] .

(6)

$= rfn" / eljiodf th'{df x'g] /fli6o:t/sf] bL3{sflng / cfjlws of]hgf Pjd\ ljifout of]hgfxaLr tfnd]n, ;dGjo / sfo{ut PsLs/0f ug{ d2t k'ofpg] . %= lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cu'jfsf] e"ldsf (lead role) nfO{ :ki6 ub}{ lhNnf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/xaLr cfk;L ;DaGw, sfo{ut ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/Lkgsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'ofpg] .

1.3

lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug]{ qmddf ckgfOPsf ljlw /

tf}/tl/sfx?
of] lgb]{lzsf d"ntM :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gdf ePsf] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ sfo{kdf ptfg]{ ;Gbe{df lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfdf ;+nUg of]hgfsf/xnfO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . of] tof/ ug]{ qmddf ul/Psf k| of;x / ckgfOPsf k|d'v ljlw tyf tf}/tl/sfx ;+If]kdf tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . -s_ of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug]{ k"jf{wf/sf] kdf /fli6o of]hgf cfof]un] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff, o;sf] k| lqmofut 9fFrf / cfjlws of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/g'kg]{ d"ne"t ljifoj:t'xsf] vfsf tof/ u/L @)%^ r}q / )%& j}zfv dlxgfdf If]qLo :t/df clw/fHoJofkL kdf -( :yfgdf_ cg'lzIf0f uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/L 5nkmndf NofOPsf] lyof] . o;/L ePsf] 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf lgisif{ / ;'emfjx ;d]tnfO{ of] lgb]{lzsfdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . -v_ lgb]{lzsfsf] k|fk tof/ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u / :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno :t/df ljleGg r/0fdf 5nkmnx ePsf lyP . -u_ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u / o"lg;]kmsf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf clw/fHosf & lhNnf -k;f{, lrtjg, ;'g;/L, sfe|]knfGrf]s, sf:sL, bf / 88]Nw'/f_ df cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf ;Gbe{df ePsf] cg'ejnfO{ ;d]t o;df ;d]l6Psf] 5 . -3_ lgb]{lzsfsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf tof/ eO;s]kl5 To;dfly /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3, ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmd / (7)

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g sfo{qmd, s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefu nufot ;Da4 ljleGg lgsfoxsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ cfdGq0f u/L cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s kdf k6s k6s Jofks 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . To; 5nkmnsf lgisif{xnfO{ ;d]t o;df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . -_ d:of}bf tof/ ePkl5 To;nfO{ gjnk/f;L / c3f{vfFrL lhNnfsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug]{ qmddf ;xefuL ePsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwxaLr 5nkmn u/L tyf ljZn]if0f ;DaGwL v08 k/LIf0f ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . -r_ g'jfsf]6 / sfe|]knfGrf]s lhNnfdf ;d]t o;sf] :ynut k/LIf0f u/L To;af6 k|fKt cg'ej ;d]t of] lgb]{lzsfdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . o;/L ljleGg k6s a}7s / cGt/lqmof, ;xeflutfd"ns uf]i7Lx, :ynut k/LIf0f ;d]tsf] lgisif{ / To;af6 k| fKt ;'emfjxsf cfwf/df of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ ePsf] xf] .

1.4

lgb]{lzsfsf k|of]ustf{x?

of] lgb]{lzsf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]]hgf -cflhljof]_ th'{df ug] { qmddf k|ToIfkdf ;+nUg x'g] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / ljifout sfof{nosf kbflwsf/Lx, of]hgfsf/ / lhNnf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ; +:yfxdf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df cfwf/e"t 1fg eO{ of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL g} sfd ug]{xsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . of] If]qsf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L gePsfxsf] nflu of] lgb]{lzsf gf}nf] / hl6n ;d]t nfUg ;S5 . of] lgb]{lzsfsf] k"jf{w{df ;dfj]; ul/Psf v08x?n] ;du| lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu tYof+sLo cfwf/ tof/ ug]{ ljlw / tYof+snfO{ ;"rgfdf kl/0ft ug]{ tl/sf Pj+ ;"rgfsf] dxTjnfO{ :ki6 ub{5 . ;fy}] kl5Nff v08x?n] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ug]{ tf}/tl/sf / ;du| of]hgf k|lqmof :ki6 ug'{sf cltl/Qm of]hgf th'{dfsf qmddf s'g s'g ljifoj:t' s;/L ;dfj]z ug]{ eGg] s'/f ;/nLs[t kdf :ki6 ub}{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpF5 .

(8)

1.5

lgb]{lzsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ljifoj:t' / o;sf] k|

of]u ug]{ tl/sf

of] lgb]{lzsfdf d"ntM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug] { qmddf ul/g] k"j{tof/Lb]lv lnP/ o;sf] k|lqmof, ;xeflutfd"ns k4lt / of]hgf b:tfj]hdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ s'/fx s] s;/L tof/ u/L ;dfj]z ug]{ eGg] s'/fx qmda4kdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . of] lgb]{lzsfn] gjf}F of]hgfsf] gLltut Joj:yf, :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / tT;DaGwL lgodfjnL nufot cGo sfg"gL Joj:yf ;d]tsf cfwf/df b]xfosf If]qx ;d]6L cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k| lqmofnfO{ ;xh t'Nofpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . -s_ s]Gb|:t/ / lhNnf:t/sf] of]hgf th'{df / sfo{qmd tof/Lsf] :ki6 /]vf\sg u/L To;sf] k|lqmofut 9fFrf lgwf{/0f ug]{ . -v_ ljifout lgsfox / cGo ;/sf/L If]q, u}/;/sf/L Pjd\ lghL If]qsf] of]hgf / sfo{qmdaLr tfnd]n sfod u/L plrt ;dGjo / sfo{ut kl/k"/stfsf] k|lqmof :ki6 ug]{ . -u_ :yfgLo lgsfoxaLr of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog:t/df plrt ;dGjo / tfbfDotf sfod ug]{ 9fFrf :ki6 ug]{ . -3_ k|fljlws kIf / ;xeflutfTds Pjd\ k|hftflGqs of]hgf k2lt aLr plrt ;Gt'ng sfod u/L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] ;'?b]lv cGTo;Ddsf] k|lqmofnfO{ :ki6 ug]{ . -_ :yfgLo:t/sf of]hgf / ljifout Pjd\ /fli6o:t/sf dWod / bL3{sfnLg of]hgfaLrsf] ;DaGw, ;dGjo / PsLs/0f ug] { tf}/tl/sf / sfo{ut Joj:yf lgwf{/0f ug]{ . o; lgb]{lzsfsf] efu @ ;Dd cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf] kl/ro, jt{dfg ;Gbe{, cfjZostf / o;sf gLltut Pjd\ sfg"gL Joj:yfx ;d]l6Psf 5g\ eg] efu # vf;u/L k|lqmofut 9f+rf;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . efu $ cfjlws of]hgf b:tfj]hsf] v08 ! df ;dfj]z ug'{kg] { cyf{t\ tYof+ssf] tof/L / ljZn]if0f ug]{ s'/fxsf ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L efu % / ^ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] b:tfj]hdf ;dfj]; ug{' kg]{ ljifoj:t'sf] JofVof, of]hgf th'{df ug]{ tf}/ tl/sf Pj+ ljlw;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . (9)

o; lgb]{lzsfsf] ;'?b]lv cGTo;Ddsf k|fjwfgx qmlds ?kdf cjnDjg ub}{ hfFbf cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof klg qmdzM cl3 a9\b} hfG5 . o;df pNn]lvt sltko s'/fx s'g} s'g} lhNnfsf] l:ylt;Fu d]n gvfg klg ;S5 . To; cj:yfdf ;DjlGwt lhNnfsf] Ifdtf tyf ljz]iftf cg';f/ h'g s'/f ;fGble{s x'g cfp+5 ;f] s'/f cjnDjg ug'{kb{5 . h:t}M lxdfnL lhNnfx -hxfF af6f] k'u]sf] 5}g_ df 6flkms / kfls{ ;'ljwf;DaGwL s'/f ;fGble{s gx'g ;S5g\ t/ zx/L If]qdf oL cTofjZos x'G5g\ . s'g} lhNnfsf] ;Gbe{df xfn ljBdfg ;|f]t tyf Ifdtfn] sltko ;"rgf ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f ug'{ tTsfnsf nflu ;Dej gx'g klg ;S5 . To;}n] cj:yf x]/L o; lgb]{lzsfn] lglb{i6 u/] cg'?k ;"rgf ;+sng ;DjGwL sfo{ / k|f/lDes ljZn]if0fsf] sfd df}h'bf ;+u7gfTds Joj:yfaf6} u/L lj:t[t ljZn]if0fsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ afx\o k/fdz{ ;]jf klg lng ;lsG5 . ;fy} s'g} tYof+s jf ;"rgf ;+sng ug{ tTsfnsf nflu ;Dej gePdf To:tf] tYof+s;"rgf slxn];Dd, s'g ;|f]tjf6, s;/L ;+sng ug]{ eGg] s'/f :ki6 v'nfO{ cfjlws of]hgfsf] cg';"lrdf ;dfj]; ug'{ k5{ . To:tf] tYof+s jf ;"rgf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfs} ultljlwsf] Ps c+usf ?kdf ;doj4 sfo{ of]hgf tof/ u/L lgoldt 9+un] qmdz ;+sng ;d]t ub}{ hfg' kb{5 . o;/L ;+slnt ;"rgf of]hgfsf] dWofjlw d"Nof+sgsf cj;/df jf ;f] klg ;Dej gePdf bf];|f] cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L yk tYof+s ;+sng sfo{sf] ;d]t oyf;dodf d"Nof+sg x'+b} hfg] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . o;/L yk tYof+s ;+sng / cBfjlws ug] { sfo{nfO{ of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / d"Nof+sg k4ltsf] cleGg c+usf kdf :yflkt ub}{ hfg'k5{ .

(10)

2 cfjlw s lhN nf ljsf; of]hgf

(P erio d ic D istrict D ev e lo p m en t P la n )
2.1 kl/efiff
lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu nIo tyf p2]Zox lgwf{/0f u/L lglZrt cjlwleq ;f] xfl;n ug{ pko'Qm gLlt, l;4fGt, /0fgLlt tyf k|fyldstfx klxrfg Pjd\ kl/eflift ul/Psf] b:tfj]h (document) nfO{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf elgG5 . lhNnfjf;Lxsf] cfwf/e"t cfly{s cj;/x tyf ;fdflhs ;]jfxdf kx'Fr s;/L clej[l4 ug]{ < lhNnfsf] k|fs[lts, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ;|f]tsf] lbuf] pkof]u ;'lglZrt ug{ ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL nufgLnfO{ s;/L k|f]T;flxt / lgb]{lzt ug]{ < lhNnfsf] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g s;/L ug]{ < lhNnfsf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf; / hg;\Vofsf] ljt/0f tyf j:tLljsf;nfO{ pko'Qm lbzftkm{ s;/L k|jflxt ug]{ < lhNnfsf] :yfgut (spatial) :jknfO{ Vofn u/L ljsf;df ;Gt'ng s;/L Nofpg] < cflb h:tf ljsf;sf dxTjk"0f{ kIfxsf ;DaGwdf plrt lsl;dsf] lg0f{odf k'Ug cflhljof]n] ky k|bz{g ub{5 .

2.2

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df;DaGwL

gLltut / sfg"gL Joj:yfx

gjf}+ of]hgfn] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f tyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] ljifonfO{ ljsf; k|sif{0f (development thrust) sf k|d'v If]qxdf ;dfj]; u/]sf] 5 . o;df :yfgLo lgsfosf kdf ljsf; x'Fb} cfPsf :yfgLo ;+:yfxnfO{ ;Ifd, :jfoQ / :yfgLo ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo hgtfk|lt k"0f{ pQ/bfoL t'Nofpg] s'/f pNn]lvt 5 . o;}u/L :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ;Dks{ ljGb'sf kdf sfd ug]{ u/L :yfgLo ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ pQ/bfloTj qmlds kdf :yfgLo txdf x:tfGtl/t ub}{ n}hfg] lhNnf ljsf; (11)

;ldltxnfO{ lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ljsf;sf] s]Gb|ljGb' agfpg] tYof+sdf cfwfl/t ;xeflutfTds / of]hgfa4 ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ ; +:yfut ug]{ / :yfgLo ljsf; sfo{qmdxsf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yfkg :yfgLo lgsfoxaf6} u/fO{ :yfgLo :t/df ljsf; sfo{nfO{ :jrflnt / ultzLn agfpg] s'/f gjf} of]hgfsf] b:tfj]hdf :ki6kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . oL s'/fx sfo{kdf ptfg{ :yfgLo lgsfo (jt{dfg lgb]{lzsfsf] ;Gbe{df vf;u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt) xn] ;xeflutfTds k4ltsf cfwf/df of]hgfa4 ljsf; k|lqmofsf] cjnDag ug'{kg]{ x'g cfpF5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% / lgodfjnL, @)%^ n] b]xfosf sfg"gL Joj:yf ug'{sf ;fy} cfjlws of]hgf tof/ ug]{ ;Gbe{df lgb]{lzt u/L o;sf] k|fjwfgnfO{ clgjfo{ u/]sf] 5 . -s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfgf] lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfjlws / jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ug'{kg]{ . -bkmf !(%_ -v_ cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ubf{ slDtdf % jif{sf] nflu ug'{kg] { . -lgod !(*_ -u_ cfjlws of]hgfdf bL3{sflng nIo, p2]Zo / sfo{gLlt pNn]v ePsf] x'g'kg]{ . -lgod !(*@_ -3_ PsLs[t lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ; +:yfaLr ;dGjoPsLs/0f ul/g'kg]{ . -bkmf @)$_ -_ cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIodf cfwfl/t eO{ /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u / ;DalGwt dGqfnon] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ ;fwgsf] k"jf{g'dfg tyf dfu{bz{g pknAw u/fpg] . -bkmf !(% / @)#_ -r_ jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th'{df ubf{ cGo s'/fxsf cltl/Qm cfjlws of]hgfn] kl/nlIft u/]sf s'/fxsf cfwf/df ug'{kg]{ . -bkmf !(%%_ -5_ cGo dfkb08sf cltl/Qm ljifout If]qsf of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] cfjlws / bL3{sflng of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" u/]sf] cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfgf]] sfof{nodf ljifout zfvf :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] . -lgod @&)u_ -h_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] th'{df u/]sf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t x'g'kg]{ . -lgod !(*$_

(12)

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% -bkmf !(%_ df cfjlws of]hgf tof/ ubf{ lgDglnlvt ljifox ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ s'/f pNn]lvt 5 . -s_ lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns, cfly{s Pjd\ k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx / ltgLxsf] jt{dfg pkof]u . -v_ ljleGg If]qdf t'ngfTds nfut nfesf] lx;fan] pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgfx . -u_ lk5l8Psf hghfltx Pjd\ a9L ul/jL ePsf] If]q tyf To; If]qdf ul/Psf jf ul/g'kg]{ ljleGg ljsf; sfo{x . -3_ dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf nflu cfod"ns / ;Lkd"ns ljsf; sfo{x . -_ ;DkGg ePsf ljleGg ljifo If]qcGtu{tsf cfof]hgfxsf] ljj/0f / ltgLxsf] ;~rfng / ;Def/;DaGwL Joj:yf . -r_ ljsf; ;Defjgfxsf cfwf/df ljleGg ljifo If]qut cNksfnLg Pjd\ bL3{sfnLg ljsf; sfo{x . -5_ :yfgLo afl;Gbfaf6} tof/ ul/g'kg]{ ljleGg ljifoIf]qsf hgzlQm ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{x . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cflhljof]_ th'{df;Fu k|ToIf ;DalGwt tn pNn]lvt sfo{x ;d]t cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf] k"jf{wf/ ePsfn] cu|Ld kdf of] tof/ ug'{kg]{ s'/f P]g / lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . -s_ ;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb|M lhNnfsf] jf:tljs l:yltsf] klxrfg / of]hgfa4 ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf Ps ;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb| :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ / To;df lhNnfleqsf ;a} :yfgLo lgsfosf b]xfosf ;"rgf tyf clen]v ;+sng u/L /fVg'kg]{ . -bkmf @!@_

cBfjlws j:t'ut ljj/0f / l:ylt ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bgx

(development situation analysis reports)

ufpF, gu/ / lhNnf:t/Lo cfjlws of]hgfx

jflif{s sfo{qmd, d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bg / n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgx u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / lghL If]qsf sfo{qmd / k|ult ljj/0fx

(13)

lhNnfleq ul/Psf cWoog, cg';Gwfgsf k|ltj]bgx ah]6 / cfly{s ljZn]if0fsf k|ltj]bgx, cflb .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ljifout zfvfsf] :yfkgfsf nflu s'/f ug'{kg] { tLgcf]6f dfkb08x dWo] Jojl:yt kdf ;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ klg Ps dfkb08sf] kdf /x]sf] 5 . -lgod @&)v_ -v_ ;|f]tgS;f / j:t'ut ljj/0fM k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljsf;sf lglDt lhNnfsf] j:t'ut l:ylt :ki6 x'g] u/L j:t'ut ljj/0f / ;|f]tgS;f tof/ ug'{kg]{ . -bkmf !((_

;|f]tgS;f tof/ ubf{ ;Ldfgf, If]qkmn tyf hg;+Vof nufot lhNnfdf pknAw ;Dk"0f{ k|fs[lts ;fwg / ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ j:t'l:ylt emlNsg] u/L tof/ ug'{kg]{ . -lgod !(&_

-u_ bL3{sfnLg / cGo ljifout of]hgfx th'{df / ;~rfngM :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ :yfgLo ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ kIfxsf] of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, sfo{qmd ;~rfng, cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ;d]tsf nflu lhDd]jf/ agfPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu cfjlws of]hgf / To;sf cfwf/df jflif{s sfo{qmd th'{df nufot qmldskdf b]xfosf ljifout of]hgfx ;d]t th'{df u/L cfjlws of]hgf;Fu logLxnfO{ PsLs/0f / ;dGjo ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnf ;8s u'?of]hgf e"pkof]u / jftfj/0fLo of]hgf s[lif, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ko{6g / cGo ljifout of]hgfx

dflysf oL ljifout of]hgfxnfO{ cfjlws of]hgf;Fu Pscsf{sf kl/k"/s x'g] u/L th'{df / ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ bfloTj klg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cGtu{t :ki6 tf]lsPsf] 5 . -bkmf !*(_

(14)

o;/L :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / o;;DaGwL lgodn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltxnfO{ :yfgLo:t/df of]hgfa4 Pjd\ ;xeflutfTds ljsf;sf] s]Gb|ljGb'sf kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f / cGo sfg"gL Joj:yfx ;DalGwt kl/R5]bxdf qmdzM pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ubf{ lnOg'kg]{ d"ne"t cfwf/x?

cflhljof] th'{df ubf{ dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd sfg"gL / gLltut cfwf/xsf cltl/Qm b]xfoadf]lhdsf cfwf/x lng'kg]{5M /fli6o gLlt, l;4fGtx / /fli6o of]hgfx g]kfn kIf ePsf cGt/fli6o ;lGw, ;Dd]ng / ;Demf}tfx -h:t} afn clwsf/ ;DaGwL dxf;GwL, dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} k| sf/sf ck/fw lgoGq0f ;DaGWL dxf;GwL cflb_ /fli6o of]hgf cfof]un] k7fpg] dfu{bz{gx ljifout dGqfnoxn] of]hgf th'{dfsf qmddf k|bfg ug] { dfu{bz{gx /fli6o cfjlws of]hgfsf] gLlt tyf nIox

2.3

k|s[lt / o;n] ;d]^\g] If]qx?

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cflhljof]_ n] lhNnf:t/df ljsf;sf] ultnfO{ :ki6 lbzfaf]w ub{5 . o;n] ljsf;sf ;du| kIfnfO{ ;d]6\5 . of] d"ntM :yfgut ljz]iftfx (spatial characteristics) df cfwfl/t PsLs[t / ax' ljifout of]hgf (integrated multi-sectoral development plan) xf] . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] bkmf !*( df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/cGtu{t pNn]lvt b]xfosf !^ cf]6f ljleGg ljifout sfo{xn] o;sf] k'li6 ub{5 .

(15)

s[lif ;DaGwL

u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf j:tL ljsf; ;DaGwL hnljB't ;DaGwL tyf oftfoft e"ld lgdf{0f ;DaGwL

l;+rfO{ / e"Ifo tyf gbL lgoGq0f ;"rgf ;DaGwL efiff ;DaGwL 3/]n' ;DaGwL :jf:Yo ;DaGwL tyf / ;+rf/ ;+:s[lt pBf]u ;]jf

e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf ;DaGwL dlxnf ;DaGwL lzIff ;DaGwL tyf

;zlQms/0f

jg tyf jftfj/0f ;DaGwL v]ns'b

ko{6g ;DaGwL

>dsf] Hofnf ;DaGwL

ljljw tYof+s Joj:yfkg, afn ljsf;, b}jLk|sf]k, cflbjf;L, hghflt, pk]lIft ju{sf] pTyfg, hgzlQm ljsf; / hg;+Vof Joj:yfkg, cf}Bf]lus ljsf;, rn crn ;DklQ ;+/If0f cflb

lhNnf ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L / lghL If]q ;d]tsf] cflhljof] th'{df / sfof{Gjogdf plQs} e"ldsf / of]ubfg /xG5 . of] ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;a}sf] ;femf b:tfj]h xf] . To;}n] o;sf] th'{df k|lqmof ;xeflutfd"ns Pjd\ kf/bzL{ x'g'kg]{ / ;a} ;fem]bf/xsf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtfdf of] th'{df eO{ o;sf nflu ;femf b[li6sf]0f / ;dembf/L ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 . :yfgLo :t/sf] :yfgut ljz]iftf (territorial features) / t'ngfTds nfesf cfwf/df cflhljof] th'{df ug'{kb{5 . To;}n] lhNnfleqsf] :ynut ljz]iftf, ufpFufpF jf ufpFgu/jLrsf] leGgtf / ;dfgtf, 5'f5'} l:ylt cflb :yfg ljz]ifsf ef}lts cfofdx (physical dimensions) o;df :ki6 v'n]sf] x'g'kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;fIf/tf, ul/aL jf o:t} c? ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:of s]nfpFbf jf ljZn]if0f ubf{ lhNnfe/Lsf] ;/b/ l:ylt dfq gx]/L of] ;d:of s'g 7fpFdf a9L s]Gb|Lt 5 < s] slt 3/w'/L Tof] l:yltdf 5g\ < pgLxsf] ;]jf / ;'ljwfdflysf] kx'Fr s:tf] 5 < cflb h:tf hfgsf/L nlIft ju{ / :yfg ;d]t :ki6 ls6fgLsf ;fy ljZn]if0f ul/g'kb{5 tfls kl5 7f]; sfo{qmdf/f Tof] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsof];\ . (16)

ctM cflhljof]n] lhNnfsf] ;d:of, ;jntf tyf ;dfwfgsf pkfoxsf] ljj]rgf ubf{ ;Dej eP;Dd tNnf] tx cyf{t\ lhNnfleqsf j:tL tx, ufpF ljsf; ;ldltgu/kflnsf, Onfsf jf lgjf{rg If]qut cfwf/df ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . o;n] ubf{ lhNnf leqsf] l:ylt Ps csf{;Fu t'ngf u/L ljsf;df ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ j:t'ut cfwf/ tof/ x'G5 . o; ;Gbe{df ;d:ofsf] k|s[lt (nature), km}nfj6 (expansion) / ulx/fO (intensity) sf cfwf/df s'g tYof+shfgsf/L s'g txaf6 ; +sng ug]{ eGg] s'/f klxn] g} lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . xfn df}h'bf ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k4ltsf cfwf/df j:tL:t/b]lv j8fufpF x'Fb} Onfsf / lhNnf:t/;Dd u/L o;sf ljleGg txut >[\vnfx /x]sf 5g\ . t/ xfn cfP/ ;f+;b sf]ifaf6 r'gfjL If]q (constitutency) sf cfwf/df ;d]t pNn]vgLo /sd jflif{s kdf ljlgof]hg x'g] u/]sfn] ;f+;b If]qsf cfwf/df ;d]t ;+ej eP;Dd tYof+s ;+sng ul/Pdf kl5 sfo{qmdsf] k|efj t'ngf ug{ ;lhnf] x'g hfG5 . cflhljof]n] Psflt/ a[xt\ /fli6o gLlt / nIo k|flKtdf ;xof]u k'ofpF5 eg] csf]{lt/ :yfgLo ljz]iftf / t'ngfTds nfesf cfwf/df ljsf;nfO{ :yfgLo cfjZostfcg'k lgb]{lzt u/L ljsf; lqmofsnfkdf tLj|tf k|bfg ub{5 . :yfgLo ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd ;b'kof]u u/L ;dlGjot kdf ljsf; sfo{qmd cl3 a9fpg o;n] 7"nf] of]ubfg k'ofpF5 .

2.4

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf ;Ldfx?

of]hgf eg]sf] eljiosf] clglZrttfnfO{ j:t'ut cfwf/df lglZrttfdf kl/0ft u/L eljionfO{ cfkm"n] rfx]sf] h:tf] cj:yf -bL3{sfnLg ;f]r / nIo_ tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg] k4lt xf] . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] % b]lv & jif{sf] cjlwsf nflu ljsf;sf] ult lhNnfn] rfx]sf lbzf (desired direction) tkm{ 8f]ofpg] sfd ub{5 . o; ;Gbe{df cfjlws lhNnf of]hgfsf] cfGtl/s jftfj/0f (internal environment) / afx\o jftfj/0f (external environment) u/L @ cf]6f jftfj/0fx /x]sf 5g\ . cfGtl/s jftfj/0f eg]sf] lhNnfsf] sfo{If]qleq /x]sf] cyf{t\ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]

(17)

k"0f{ lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] cj:yf xf] . o;cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k|ToIf clwsf/If]qdf kg]{ sfo{x, ljifout sfof{nosf sfo{qmdx, / >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] lgoGq0f / /]vb]vdf ;~rfng u/]sf Pjd\ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] x]g]]{ egL :ki6 tf]lsPsf] cGo of]hgf / sfo{qmdx kb{5g\ . o;sf] x/]s kIfnfO{ cfjlws of]hgfn] ;d]6\b5 . o;k|sf/ cfk\mgf]] k"0f{ lgoGq0fdf /x]sf s'/fxsf] xsdf lhNnfn] lj:t[t of]hgf (detail plan) tof/ ug'{kb{5 . cfjlws of]hgfnfO{ lj:t[t kdf th'{df ug{ ;s]sf] v08df ;f] sf] cfwf/df jflif{s sfo{qmd th'{df / sfof{Gjog of]hgf agfpg ;xh x'G5 . o;}u/L afx\o jftfj/0f eGgfn] lhNnfn] lg0f{o u/L k"0f{ lgoGq0f eg] ug{ g;Sg] t/ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg], gLltut ;'wf/df ;xof]u;Dd ug{ ;Sg] / dfu{lgb]{z (guide) ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 . o;df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, ;fd'bflos ;\3, ;\u7g / lghLIf]qsf sfo{qmdxsf ;fy} s]Gb| Lo:t/af6 ;~rflnt of]hgf / sfo{qmdx kb{5g\ . o:tf of]hgf / sfo{qmdnfO{ lhNnfn] ;f]em} lgof]hg (plan), lgudg (regulate) / lgoGq0f (control) ug{ ;Sb}g t/ k|efj kfg{ / lhNnfsf] k| fyldstfcg';f/ lbzflgb]{z eg] ug{ ;Sb5 . o;k|sf/sf sfo{qmdxnfO{ cfjlws of]hgfdf l;w} ;dfj]z u/L ultljlw lgwf{/0f gu/L gLltut cfwf/ / k|fyldstf tf]lslbg'kb{5, h;n] ubf{ o:tf of]hgf / sfo{qmdxaf6 lhNnfnfO{ cflhljof]sf] nIo / p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ cg's"n ;xof]u x'g ;sf];\ . To;}n] cflhljof] tof/ ubf{ dfly pNn]lvt cfGtl/s / jfXo jftfj/0fsf cfwf/df b]xfoadf]lhd tLgcf]6f ju{df ljefhg u/L ug'{kb{5 . -s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k"0f{ clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ s'/fsf xsdf lj:t[t of]hgf tof/ ug'{kb{5 . o;cGtu{t b]xfojdf]lhdsf ljifout If]qx kb{5g\ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfk\mgf] cfGtl/s ;|f]t / ;/sf/n] jflif{s kdf pknAw u/fpg] cg'bfg (block grant) / sfo{qmd cg'bfg (program grant) af6 ;~rfng x'g] sfo{qmdx

(18)

 lhNnfsf] sfo{If]qdf gkg]{ egL >L % sf] ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] afx]ssf ljifout sfof{nosf lhNnf / :yfgLo :t/sf of]hgf / sfo{qmdx lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k|ToIf /]vb]v / lgoGq0fdf ;~rfng x'g] egL tf]lsPsf cGo sfo{qmdx -v_ cfly{s ;|f]tdfly lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k"0f{ lgoGq0f gePsf] ljifodf lhNnfn] cfk\mgf] cfjZostfcg';f/ gLltut cfwf/ / k|fyldstfsf If]qx ls6fgLsf ;fy tf]sL dfu{lgb] {zg ul/lbg'kb{5 . o;cGtu{t b]xfosf s'/fx kb{5g\M u}/;/sf/L If]q / gful/s ;dfhf/f th'{df u/L ;~rfng ul/g] sfo{qmdx lghL If]qsf] nufgL / lghL If]qn] ;~rfng ug] { of]hgf / sfo{qmdx -u_ lhNnfsf] df}h'bf Ifdtf, ;|f]t / sfo{If]qsf cfwf/df lhNnfn] a9L k|efjsf/L kdf Joj:yfkg / ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg] t/ sfg"gL / gLltut kdf :ki6 gtf]lsPsf s'/fxsf xsdf lhNnfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf cfwf/df :ki6 b[li6sf]0f / gLlt Pjd\ sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L l;kmfl/z;lxt >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpg' k5{ . o;/L l;kmfl/z k7fpFbf tL of]hgf jf sfo{qmdaf6 cflhljof]sf] sfof{Gjog kIfdf kg{ ;Sg] ;Defljt k|efj, hf]lvd / ;f] sfo{qmd lhNnfn] Joj:yfkg u/]df x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt k|efjsfl/tf / kmfObf ;d]t :ki6 v'nfO{ k7fpg'kb{5 . o;/L sfo{of]hgf l;kmfl/z u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpFbf lhNnfsf] ljutsf] cg'ej, ;+:yfut Joj:yf / Ifdtf ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 .

2.5

/fli^o, ljifout of]hgf / cGo

of]hgf;usf] ;DaGw, ;dGjo / ;lDdng

:yfgLo txsf] jf:tljstf, ;d:of / ;antf af/]df :yfgLo hgtf g} lj1 x'G5g\ / pgLxn] u/]sf] lg0f{o g} a9L oyfy{jfbL (practical), k"0f{ (complete), kfsf] (perfect) / k|efjsf/L (effective) Pjd\ cfly{s kdf ldtJooL (economically efficient) x'G5 eGg] cjwf/0ffdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] l;4fGt / ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k4lt cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . o;}cg'k ;a} ;fem]bf/xsf] ;+nUgtfdf (19)

;xeflutfd"ns k4ltaf6 tof/ x'g] cfjlws of]hgfn] :yfgLo oyfy{tfdf cfwfl/t eO{ :yfgLo ;d:of ;dfwfg ub} { lhNnfjf;Lsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;d'Gglt ug{df k|efjsf/L ult k| bfg ub{5, h'g Ps lglj{jfb kIf xf] . t/ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] /fli6o of]hgf -h:t}M gjf} of]hgf_, /fli6o:t/sf ljifout / bL3{sflng of]hgfx -lhNnf lzIff of]hgf, jg ljsf; u'? of]hgf, @) jif]{ s[lif ljsf; of]hgf cflb_ ;Fu tfbfDotf (compitability), gLltut / sfo{ut ;dGjo Pjd\ plrt cGt/;DaGw sfod x'g' cToGt h?/L 5 . lhNnf:t/ o:tf] ynf] xf] hxfF Psftkm{ j:tL:t/af6 l;lh{t eO{ cfpg] :yfgLo rfxgf, cfjZostf / dfun] qmdzM of]hgfsf] k|fk lgwf{/0f ub}{ cfpF5 eg] csf]{tkm{ /fli6o gLlt, k|fyldstf / sfo{qmdx klg lhNnf txaf6} jf:tljs kdf sfof{Gjogdf nlug] x'gfn] :yfgLo / /fli6o:t/sf gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmd e]6 x'g] ;femf :yn lhNnf g} xf] . To;}n] logLxaLr plrt tfnd]n, ;dGjo / PsLs/0f x'g' h?/L 5 . o; l;nl;nfdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf, /fli6o of]hgf / ljleGg ljifout of]hgfaLr b]xfosf s'/fxdf sfo{ut ;dGjo / PsLs/0f u/L logLx Pscsf{df kl/k"/s x'g] u/L of]hgf th'{dfb]lv sfof{Gjog tx;Dd pko'Qm ;+oGq :yflkt ul/g'kg]{ x'G5 . -!_ of]hgfsf] bL3{sfnLg / dWosfnLg nIo Pjd\ p2]Zox . -@_ of]hgf th'{df k4lt / To;sf cfwf/x . -#_ gLlt, sfo{gLlt / l;4fGtx . -$_ sfo{qmd / lqmofsnfkx . -%_ sfof{Gjog Joj:yf . -^_ cg'udg / d"Nof+sg k4lt . -&_ ;+:yfut Pjd\ ;\u7gfTds Joj:yf . o;/L Ps csf{ jLr sfo{ut ;dGjo / PsLs/0f u/L Pscsf{sf kl/k"/ssf kdf x'g] k4lt s;/L :yflkt ug]{ eGg] s'/f tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . -lrq!, k]h g+= !*_

2.5.1 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf / /fli^o ljsf; of]hgf tyf /fli^o gLltx?
(20)

cflhljof] / /fli6o of]hgf -k~rjifL{o of]hgf_ Pscsf{sf kl/k"/s x'g\ . k~rjifL{o of]hgfn] b]vfPsf] k|lta4tf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gn] lglb{i6 u/]adf]lhd ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltf/f lhNnfn] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ub{5 . :yfgLo:t/af6 p7]/ cfPsf ljsf;sf ;d:ofxn] k|lqmofut 9+uaf6 cGttM of]hgfsf] :jk wf/0f ug]{ ePsfn] cflhljof] :yfgLo hgrfxgfsf] k|ToIf k|ltljDj xf] . o;n] /fli6o:t/sf] ;dli6ut of]hgf th'{dfdf :yfgLo :t/sf] t'ngfTds nfe, hgrfxgf, cfjZostf / :yfgLo b[li6sf]0f k|:t't u/L Psflt/ /fli6o of]hgf / /fli6o gLlt th'{dfdf ;xof]u k'ofpF5 eg] csf{lt/ /fli6o gLlt / /fli6o of]hgfn] /fv]sf] a[xt\ nIo kl/k"lt{df cflhljof]n] :yfgLo :t/af6 cfcfk\mgf] ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df ;Sbf] of]ubfg k'ofpF5 . o;/L Psflt/ cflhljof] / csf] {lt/ /fli6o b[li6sf]0f, /fli6o gLlt Pjd\ of]hgfaLr kl/k"/ssf] ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 . /fli6o ljsf; of]hgf d"ntM ljifout (sectoral) cfwf/df tof/ x'g] / o;n] ;dli6ut cfly{s;fdflhs ljZn]if0f (macro socio-economic analysis) u/L ljifout nIox (sectoral targets) ls6fg ug]{ x'bf o;df ef}lts / :yfgut cfofd (physical and spatial dimension) :ki6 x'b}g . /fli6o ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof s]Gb|d'vL (topdown) /xG5 . lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf ;xeflutfTds k|lqmoff/f tof/ ul/g] x'bf o;n] ef}lts tyf :yfgut cfofd (physical and spatial dimension) ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . cflhljof] :yfgut cfwf/df (terroterial basis) tof/ ul/g] / o;df ef}lts tyf :yfgut cfofd (physical and spatial dimension) :ki6 x'g] ePsfn] of] a9L lj:t[t x'G5 . t/ cflhljof] /fli6o of]hgfsf] a[xt\ kl/lw (broad framework) leq /xL tof/ ul/g' k5{ . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gdf /fli6o of]hgfsf] nIo tyf gLlt / lhNnf:t/Lo nIo tyf gLltxaLr cGt/;DaGw, ;dGjo / kl/k"/ssf] ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ b]xfosf sfg"gL Joj:yfx ul/Psf] 5. -s_ k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfk\mgf] lhNnfs]f ljsf;sf nflu cfjlws / jflif{s ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{kb{5 . o;adf]lhd th'{df ul/Psf] of]hgfsf] cfwf/df /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt dGqfnon] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ sflt{s dlxgfleq cg'bfg / cfjZos gLlt tyf

(21)

dfu{bz{gx pknAw pkbkmf ! / @)

u/fpg'kg]{5 .

(bkmf

!(*,

-v_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ubf{ lgDglnlvt s'/fxnfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 -bkmf !(% sf] pkbkmf %_M /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u / ;DalGwt dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt lgb]{zgx

/fli6o nIo tyf gLltsf cfwf/df to ul/Psf lhNnf:t/Lo gLlt tyf nIox

cfjlws of]hgfn] kl/nlIft u/]sf ;dli6ut cfjZostfx

-u_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ug'{ cufj} b]xfosf ;|f]t / ;fwgxsf] cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{5 -bkmf ! (^_M

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfk\mg} >d, ;|f]t / ;fwg >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 k|fKt Psd'i6 cg'bfg

>L % sf] ;/sf/sf ljleGg ljifout dGqfnoxaf6 ljifout nufgL afkt k|fKt Psd'i6 ;fwg

cGo ;+:yfxaf6 k|fKt ;xof]u

-3_ lgb]{zg kfngf ug'{kg]{M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltxnfO{ lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df / ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt dGqfnon] ;do ;dodf cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . o;adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] kfng ug'{kg]{5 . -bkmf @)&, pkbkmf ! / @_ -_ lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf ;DaGwdf /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] bfloTjM lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] lgldQ cfcfk\mgf] ljifoIf]qdf ljleGg lhNnfxnfO{ k|bfg x'g] ;fwgsf] k"jf{g'dfg / ;f];Fu /fli6o ljsf; gLlt / k|fyldstf tyf cGo dfu{bz{gx eP ;f] ;d]t pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5 . o;/L pknAw u/fOg] ;fwgsf] k"j{cg'dfg / dfu{bz{g k|To]s lhNnfsf] cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIoaf6 /fli6o of]hgf cfof]un] lgwf{/0f u/L ljifout dGqfnoxnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg'kg]{5 . -bkmf @)#_ (22)

-r_ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]M >L % sf] ;/sf/n] :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gf/f tf]lsPsf sfo{x ;Dkfbg u/] gu/]sf], lk5l8Psf hghflt, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfxsf] lxtnfO{ cfjZos k|fyldstf lbP glbPsf], kof{j/0f ;Gt'ngh:tf ljifon] k|>o kfP gkfPsf] h:tf ljifoxdf lgoldt cg'udg u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . o;/L >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfng ug'{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -bkmf @#$, pkbkmf ! / @_ -5_ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog k|lqmofM ;DalGwt dGqfnon] lbPsf] dfu{bz{g / ah]6 cg'dfgeGbf km/s x'g] u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6 kfl/t u/]df To;sf] cf}lrTo hfFra'em u/L To:tf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljifout dGqfnon] ;DalGwt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / o;/L lgb]{zg k| fKt ePsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . -lgod @)) sf] pklgod v_ -h_ ljifout zfvfsf] :yfkgfM :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gs]f bkmf @ %& sf] k|of]hgsf nflu b]xfosf dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfk\mgf] sfof{nodf ljifout zfvf :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . P]gsf] bkmf !(& ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf cjnDjg u/]sf] .

sf] pkbkmf ! adf]lhd th'{df k|lqmof

P]gsf] bkmf @!@ ad]flhd ;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb| vf]nL Jojl:yt kdf ;~rfng u/]sf] . P]gsf] bkmf !*( adf]lhdsf ljifout If]qsf of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] cfjlws / bL3{sfnLg of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" u/]sf] .

dflysf dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] k|fyldstf / /fli6o k|fyldstf ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ljifout zfvf vf]Ng cfjZos sd{rf/L Joj:yf ;lxtsf] of]hgf tof/ u/L lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t u/fO{ dGqfno ;dIf k|:tfj k|:t't ug'{kg]{5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt dGqfnon] dfly

(23)

pNn]lvt dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf cfwf/df ljifout zfvf vf]Ng cg'dlt lbg]5 . /fli6o:t/df k~rjifL{o of]hgfsf cltl/Qm bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf cGo ljifout of]hgfx klg 5g\ . o;df d'Vokdf bL3{sfnLg -@) jif]{_ s[lif ljsf; of]hgf, jg ljsf; u'? of]hgf, :jf:Yo If]qsf] bL3{sfnLg of]hgf cflb kb{5g\ . oL of]hgfxsf] /fli6o:t/af6 nIo lgwf{/0f ul/Psf 5g\ . logLxsf] vf; sfof{Gjog lhNnf:t/af6 g} x'g] x'gfn] oL of]hgfx;Fu tfbfDotf x'g] u/L ljifout cfwf/df lhNnfut nIo / p2]Zo cflhljof]n] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . oL lhNnf:t/Lo ljifout nIo, p2]Zo / glthfx :yfgLo ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df to ul/g] x'gfn] a9L :ki6kdf ls6fgL ul/Psf (specific) x'G5g\ h;n] cGttM /fli6o:t/sf] nIo xfl;n ug{ of]ubfg k'ofpF5 . To;}n] cflhljof] th'{df ug]{ qmddf vf; u/L ljZn]if0fsf qmddf / nIo, p2]Zo Pjd\ glthfx lgwf{/0f ubf{ ljifout of]hgfxnfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . cflhljof] th'{df eO;s]kl5 ljifout sfo{qmdx ;a} cfjlws of]hgfn] lglb{i6 u/]adf]lhd sfof{Gjog / ;~rfng x'g'kg] { ePsfn] ljifout sfof{no k|d'vx of]hgf th'{dfdf ;lqmokdf ;xefuL eO{ cfcfgf] If]qsf] ljutsf] pknlAw, Ifdtf / eljiosf ;f]r / sfo{qmdx 5nkmndf Nofpg'kb{5 . o;/L cflhljof] th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;lqmo of]ubfg ug'{ ljifout sfof{noxsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

2.5.2 cflhljof] / cGo :yfgLo lgsfosf of]hgfx?

dfly pNn]lvt /fli6o:t/sf ;dli6ut cfly{s;fdflhs ljsf; of]hgf / ljifout of]hgfxsf cltl/Qm cflhljof]nfO{ :yfgLo:t/sf cGo :yfgLo lgsfo -ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsf_ sf of]hgfx;Fu ;d]t tfnd]n, ;dGjo / cGt/;DaGw :yflkt ul/g'kg]{ x'G5 . o; ;Gbe{df Psflt/ cflhljof] ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltsf cfwf/df ufpF / gu/ kl/ifb\af6 k|fKt of]hgfxnfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ agfO{ th'{df ug'{kb{5 eg] csf]{lt/ dfly pNn]v ePadf]lhd h;/L /fli6o of]hgfsf] a[xt\ kl/lw (broad framework) leq cflhljof] /xg'k5{ To;}u/L ;DalGwt lhNnfleqsf :yfgLo lgsfosf cfjlws of]hgfx klg cflhljof] th'{df eO;s]kl5 cflhljof]n] lgwf{/0f (24)

u/]sf] a[xt\ kl/lwleq /xg'kb{5 . ufpF / gu/ :t/sf cfjlws of]hgfxn] cflhljof]sf] nIo / p2]Zox xfl;n ug{df cf cfgf]] If]qaf6 of]ubfg k'ofpF5g\ . t/ :yfgut kdf eg] oL a9L lj:t[t (specific) x'g ;S5g\ . To;}n] Psflt/ cflhljof] th'{df ug]{ qmddf lhNnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ kIf :yfgut (spatial) kdf emlNsg] u/L j:tL:t/b]lvs} tYof+s ;+sng / ljZn]if0f x'g' cTofjZos 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ lhNnfleqsf gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltxn] cflhljof] th'{dfsf qmddf cfjZos tYof+s pknAw u/fO{ ;lqmo ;xeflutff/f of]ubfg k'ofpg'kb{5 . o;k|sf/sf] bf]xf]/f] k|0ffnLn] cflhljof] / ufpF tyf gu/aLrsf] ljsf; k| of;sf] PsLs/0f / ;dGjodf k|efjsfl/tf cfpF5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodjfnLdf ePsf o;;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yfx lgDglnlvt 5g\M -s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ j:tL ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsf :t/af6 Onfsf :t/ x'Fb} qmda4 kdf uf]i7Lxsf] cfof]hgf u/L ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] cjnDjg ug'{kg]{5 . -bkmf ! (&, lgod !((_ -v_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ufpF kl/ifb\ / gu/ kl/ifb\af6 k|fKt of]hgfxnfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 . -bkmf !(% sf] pkbkmf %3_ -u_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ufpF kl/ifb\n] agfpg] jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ cfjZos 6]jf k'ofpg'kg]{5 . -bkmf @)# pkbkmf @_

2.5.3 cflhljof] / u};;sf of]hgfx?

:yfgLo :t/df sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul//x]sf u};;xsf] lhNnf ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xG5 . To;}n] oL b'O{aLr klg plrt tfnd]n / kl/k"/s kdf ;dGjo sfod x'g' h?/L 5 . PsLs[t lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaLr b]xfoadf]lhd ;dGjo sfod ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gdf ul/Psf] 5 . -bkmf @)$_ -s_ PsLs[t lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ lhNnfleq ljleGg ;]jf / ljsf; sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ug]{ ;/sf/L tyf (25)

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfxaLr a}7s a;L jflif{s ljsf; of]hgfxaLr ;dGjo sfod ug'{kg]{5 . o;/L ;dGjo sfod ug]{ l;nl;nfdf s'g} dte]b ePdf /fli6o of]hgf cfof]un] cfjZos dWo:ytf ug]{5 . -v_ ;dGjofTds a}7sdf b]xfosf s'/fxdf ;dGjo sfod ug'{kg] {5M

s'g} klg If]qdf ul/g] nufgLdf bf]xf]/f]kg x6fpg] .

nufgL ug]{ ;+:yfxaLr cfk;df kl/k"/ssf] ;dGjo sfod ug]{ . lhNnfjf;Lxn] clwstd nfe xfl;n ug{ ;Sg] k|ljlw ckgfpg] .

o;nfO{ sfo{utkdf Jojxf/df ptfg{sf nflu cflhljof] th'{dfsf qmddf cfof]hgf ul/g] sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lxdf ;DalGwt u};;xn] cfcfgf]] If]qsf] tYof+s / sfo{qmd, cg'ej, gLlt Pjd\ ;f]r k|:t't ug'{kb{5 . u};;x lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] k|ToIf kdf lgolGqt jftfj/0fdf gkg]{ eP tfklg logLxsf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf k|fyldstf / tf]lsPsf] gLltut ;LdfeGbf aflx/ ghfg] u/L ;~rfng ug'{kb{5, h;n] ubf{ Pscfk;df cGt/;DaGw / ;dGjo sfod ug{ ;xh x'g hfG5 . o; ;Gbe{df u};;sf] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ePsf] / ljz]]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf / a9L ldtJooL kdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf If]qdf :yfgLo lgsfo / ljifout sfof{noxn] bf]xf]/f] sfo{qmd ;~rfng gu/L u};;xnfO{ g} 5fl8lbg] u/L cflhljof]df lhDd]jf/L ls6fg ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

2.5.4 cflhljof] / lghL If]qsf of]hgfx?

lhNnf ljsf;sf] sfo{ ;/sf/L If]q (public sector) sf] Psf+sL k|of;n] dfq ;Dej 5}g . o;sf nflu cGo If]qxsf cltl/Qm lghL If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xG5 . xfd|f] ;Gbe{df ;/sf/L If]q, :yfgLo lgsfo, lghL If]q / cGo lgsfo ;d]tsf] ;fem]bf/L / kl/k"/ssf] ;DaGw ;lxtsf] ;fd"lxs ljsf; k|lqmofsf] yfngL ug'{ h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] lghL If]qsf] nufgL lhNnf leq cfslif{t / s]lGb|t ug]{ pko'Qm gLltut jftfj/0f tof/ u/L nufgLnfO{ pko'Qm If]qtkm{ 8f]ofpg] k|of; ul/g'kg] { x'G5 . lghL If]qsf] nufgL kl/rfng ug]{ ljleGg ljlwx 5g\ .

(26)

o;df k|d'v kdf z]o/ nufgL / kl/rfng, BOT (Build, Operate and Transfer) cflb kb{5g\ . o;sf nflu lhNnfn] lghL If]qsf] nufgLsf] nflu gLltut cfwf/ / k|fyldstf If]q ls6fg ul/blg'k5{ . o; ;DaGwL Joj:YfnfO{ dfly cg'R5]b @=$ df cfjlws of]hgfsf ;Ldfx cGtu{t pNn]v ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

2.5.5

cflhljof] / If]qLo of]hgf

b]zdf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g k4lt :yflkt eO{ lhNnf, gu/ / ufpF:t/;Dd cfjlws ljsf; of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog x'g nfu]sf] o; gj:yflkt Joj:yfsf ;Gbe{df /fli6o txb]lv gu/ufpF tx;Ddsf] of]hgf k4ltaLr Pstf, ;dGjo / Pscfk;df cGt;{DaGw cem bl/nf] x'g'kg]{ s'/f 68\sf/f] kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df ljleGg txsf of]hgf k4lt / o;sf] ;Ldf Pjd\ cGt; {DaGwsf ljifodf cem :ki6tf cfpg' cfjZos kb{5 . o;f] ePdf ufpF, gu/, lhNnf / /fli6o :t/aLr of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjogsf nflu Pscfk;df kl/k"/ssf] ;DaGw :yflkt x'g uO{ cem k| efjsfl/tf cfpF5 . o; ;DaGwdf ufpF, gu/ / lhNnfaLr :ynut kdf glhssf] ;DaGw ePsf] / sfg"gL kdf oL lgsfoxsf aLrdf lgs} :ki6tf cfO;s]sf] 5 . lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t ePsf of]hgfx jflif{s ah]6df k"0f{ kn] ;dfj]z x'g g;s]sf] ;d:ofnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{sf nflu /fli6o tyf If]qLo of]hgfx;Fu cflhljof]nfO{ ;DdLng (integrate) u/fpg h?/L 5 . s'g} klg ljsf;sf] ;d:ofnfO{ lhNnfsf] b[li6sf]0f (district perspective) tyf s]Gb|sf] b[li6sf]0f (national perspectrive) af6 x]bf{ km/s x'g ;S5 . pbfx/0ffy{ x/]s lhNnfn] ljdfg:yn jf /fhdfu{ lgdf{0f of]hgf dfu ug'{ jf klxnf] k|fyldstf tf]Sg' lhNnf:t/Lo b[li6sf]0faf6 pko'Qm x'g ;S5 t/ s]Gb|Lo b[lisf]0faf6 x]bf{ x/]s lhNnfdf ljdfg:yn jf /fhdfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ cg'ko'Qm x'g ;S5 jf s'g} Ps lhNnfn] dfq k|fyldstf kfpg ;S5 . ctM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf;nfO{ hf]8]/ /fli6o of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ jf /fli6o of]hgfnfO{ vl08t u/]/ cflhljof] tof/ ug{ g;lsg] x'Fbf cflhljof] / /fli6o of]hgfaLr Pp6f s8L (link) cfjZos x'G5 . sltko b]zxn] :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo of]hgfsf] s8Lsf] kdf If]qLo of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . /fli6o ;fwg / ;|f]tnfO{ If]qLo:t/df afF8kmfF8 u/L (27)

:yfgLo ;d:ofxnfO{ If]qLo :t/df 5nkmnf/f If]qLo of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / If]qLo of]hgfsf] hf]8af6 /fli6o of]hgf th'{df ug]{, Pjd\ If]qLo of]hgfn] lbPsf] dfu{bz{g tyf lgb]{zgaf6 lhNnf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ k|lqmof ePdf ljleGg txsf] of]hgfxnfO{ ;DdLng u/fpg ;/n tyf ;xh x'G5 . If]qLo cfofd (regional dimension) ePsf ljsf;sf ;jfn / ;d:ofxnfO{ If]qLo lx;fan] ;dfwfg ul/g' a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf kdf o:tf ;d:ofxdf jftfj/0fLo ;d:of, vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]t ;+/If0f / pkof]u cflbnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu klg If]qLo:t/df of]hgf k4ltsf] s'g} ;femf :ynsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . To;}n] s]Gb|:t/sf k|ltlglwx, :yfgLo lgsfosf k|ltlglwx, u}/;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj /xg] u/L If]qLo:t/df Ps :yfoL ;femf :yn (common platform) agfO{ ;femf kdf lhNnf :t/nfO{ /fli6o :t/;Fu tfnd]n / ;dGjo ul/g'kg]{ s'/f Ps cfjZostfsf kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu jt{dfg ;Gbe{df ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmdn] ;'? u/]sf] If]qLo ;+hfn a}7s (regional networking meeting) nfO{ cem ;'b[9 / ;+:yfut u/L If]qLo :t/sf] :yfoL ;femf :ynsf kdf cl3 a9fpg' a9L Jofjxfl/s / pko'Qm x'g cfpF5 . o;sf nflu /fli6o of]hgf cfof]usf] If]qLo lgb]{zgfnon] of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL k|fljlws ljz]if1tf k|bfg ug]{, /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u / ljifout dGqfnox;Fu ;dGjodf ;xof]u ug'{sf ;fy} If]qLo :t/sf] ;lrjfnosf] e"ldsf lgefO{ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cGtu{tsf If]qLo lgb]{zgfnoxn] cfcfgf]] If]qsf :yfgLo lgsfo, u};;, lghL If]q nufot ;a} ;fem]bf/aLr ;dGjo ug]{ sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

2.6

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf ;dfj]z x'g'kg]

{ ljifox?
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^ -lgod !(*@_ df cfjlws of]hgfdf of]hgfsf] bL3{sflng nIo, p2]Zo / sfo{gLlt pNn]v u/L lhNnfsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf;'ljwf, ;|f]tkl/rfng tyf cfocfh{gsf ;Defjgf, ;/sf/L Pjd\ lghL If]qsf] nfut ;xeflutf

(28)

nufot lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ug]{ sfd ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g'kg]{ s'/f pNn]v ePsf] 5 . dfly pNn]lvt sfg"gL Joj:yf adf]lhd :yfgLo :t/sf tYof+s / ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t eO{ ;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmofaf6 cflhljof]sf] of]hgf b:tfj]hnfO{ clGtd k lbg'kb{5 . of]hgf b:tfj]h (plan document) n] dfly pNn]lvtsf cltl/Qm of]hgfdf x'g'kg]{ cGo sltko cfwf/e"t s'/fx ;d]6\g'kg]{ / To;df Psktf ;d]t cfjZos ePsfn] cflhljof]sf] of]hgf b:tfj]hsf] ljifo;"rL cg';"rL! df lbOPsf] 5 . of]hgf b:tfj]hsf] ljifo;"rL @ v08df ljeflht 5 . klxnf] v08sf kdf tYof;"rgf ljZn]if0f ;lxtsf] lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f (district profile analysis) tof/ ug'{kb{5 eg] bf];|f] v08df cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 . of]hgf th'{dfsf] qmddf cufl8 a9\bf klxnf] r/0fdf lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f tof/ u/L To;sf] ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt ;"rgfsf cfwf/df dfq efu @ cyf{t\ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] b:tfj]h tof/ ug'{kb{5 . oL v08 ! / @ s;/L tof/ ug]{ / o;df s] s] ljifoj:t' s;/L ;dfj]z ug] { eGg]af/]df lj:t[t ljj/0f o; lgb]{lzsfsf] v08 u 3 / df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

(29)

lrq g+. 1.

ljleGg txsf of]hgfx?aLr cGt/;DaGw / ;dGjo ;fdflhs cfly{s of]hgf bL3{sfnLg bL3{sfnLg ljifout s[lif ljsf; of]hgfx of]hgf -@) jif] {_ jg ljsf; u'? of]hgf -@) jif] {_ bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yo of]hgf -! % jif]{_ /fli6o bL3{sfnLg gLltx, j:t'ut gLlt -h:t} lrof gLlt_ cflb ljifout of]hgfx jflif{s sfo{qmd jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd

/fli6o :t/

cfjlws of]hgf -s]Gb| Lo:t/_

lhNnf :t/

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf

jflif{s of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd

gu/ufp : t/

cfjlws gu/ ufp ljsf; of]hgf

jflif{s of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd

(30)

3
3.1

cfjlw s lhN nf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k| lqm of

(D is tric t P e rio d ic P la n F o rm u la tio n P ro c e s s )
e"ldsf

/fi6sf] ;|f]t tyf ;fwgnfO{ lglZrt ;doleq tf]lsPsf] nIo xfl;n ug{ lgolGqt tyf lgb]{lzt ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ dxz'; u/L ljut $.% bzsb]lv cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;nfO{ k|j4{g ug] { gLltut c:q (policy tools) sf] kdf of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff (concept of development planning) n] nf]slk|otf kfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ljutdf of]hgf th'{df ubf{ d'n'ssf] eljiosf] :jk s:tf] x'g'kg]{ xf] ;f]sf] kl/sNkgf u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df nIo u/]/ ;'? ul/g] k|rng /x]sf] lyof] . o;k|sf/sf] of]hgf a9L s]Gb|d'vL /xg] tyf :yfgut ;d:ofxk|lt a9L ;+j]bgzLn gx'g] x'Fbf of]hgfnfO{ :yfgLo ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgd'vL agfpgsf nflu xfnsf jif{xdf of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ ljs]Gb|Lt ul/Psf] 5 . ljs]Gb|Lt of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf :yfgLo ;d:ofxsf] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f u/L ljBdfg cj:yfsf] cf+sng u/]/ eljiodf xfdL sxfF k'Ug'kg]{ xf] ;f]sf] cfwf/df nIo ls6fg ul/G5 . ctM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] k|f/De lhNnfsf] ljBdfg cj:yf ljZn]if0f ug{ cfjZos kg]{ tYof+s ;+sng u/]/ ;'? ul/G5 . cfjZos tYof+s ;+sng ePkl5 To;nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L ;"rgfdf kl/0ft ug'{k5{ . o;af6 b]lvPsf lhNnf ljsf;sf df}h'bf ;d:of / ;jfnx (problems and issues) Pjd\ pknAw cj;/ / ;Defjgfx (opportunities and potentials) sf cfwf/df ljutsf] k|j[lQ (past trend) ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cfufdL lglZrt cjlwdf lhNnfnfO{ s:tf] cj:yfdf k'ofpg] eGg] s'/fdf dl:tis dGyg u/L nIo (goal) lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . of] j:t'uttYout kdf xfn ljBdfg cj:yfdf cfwfl/t eO{ ul/G5 . of]

(31)

tl/sfn] a9L dfqfdf ljBdfg ;d:of ;dfwfg / :yfgLo txdf pknAw cj;/xsf] pkof]u ug{df hf]8 lbG5 . cfljlhof] k"0f{tM :yfgut cfwf/ (spatial basis) df th'{df ul/g] of]hgf ePsfn] of] Psflt/ ljBdfg cj:yf, ljsf;sf ;d:of;jfnx Pjd\ r'gf}tLsf cfwf/df / csf]{tkm{ :yfgLo :t/df pknAw ;Lk, Ifdtf Pjd\ cj;/ / ;Defjgfxdf s]lGb|t eO{ cl3 a9fOg' pko'Qm x'G5 . To;}n] of]hgf th'{dfsf] k"jf{wf/sf] kdf o:tf ;Dk"0f{ kIfx ;d]6\g] tYof+sx ;+sngaf6 of] k| lqmof ;'? x'G5 . :yfgLo ljsf;sf ;du| kIfx (cfly{s, ;fdflhs cflb) / ef}lts cfofd (physical dimension) emlNsg] u/L a9LeGbf a9L dfqfdf e/kbf]{ / ;|f]t v'n]sf] tYof+s o;sf nflu cTofjZos kb{5 . o; k4ltaf6 ul/g] of]hgf th'{df k| lqmofnfO{ tYof+s ;+sng / ljZn]if0fsf] r/0fn] lbzfaf]w ug'{sf ;fy} of]hgfsf] u'0f:t/ ;d]t oxL r/0fn] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . To;}n] of] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ r/0f xf] . of]hgf (planning) ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg;u k|ToIf ;DalGwt ePsfn] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;d:ofsf] klxrfg u/L b]xfosf k| Zgxsf] pQ/ tyf JofVof vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 . != lhNnfsf] jt{dfg cj:yf s] s:tf] 5 < cyf{t\ xfdL clxn] sxf 5f} < xfdL s;/L cufl8 a9\b}5f} < xfd|f] cufl8 a9\g] ult s] 5 (observation of trends) < @= xfd|f] jt{dfg cj:yf lsg / s;/L eof] trends) <
(explanation of observed

#= xfd|f] jt{dfg cj:yfn] eljiodf xfdLnfO{ stf 8f]ofp5 (implication of observed trends) < $= jt{dfg l:ylt tyf ljsf; ultn] l;h{gf ug]{ eljio ck]lIft xf] jf xf]Og (whether implications are desirable or not) < %= olb ck]lIft xf]Og eg], xfd|f] eljio s:tf] x'g'kg]{ xf] < cyf{t\ xfdL sxf hfg] xf] < jt{dfg ;d:ofxsf] ;dfwfg s] s] x'g\ (goal and objectives) < ^= xfdL nIodf s;/L k'Ug] xf] < nIodf k'Ug] j}slNks pkfox s] s] 5g\ (alternative analysis) < ;jf]{Qd pkfo s] xf] <

(32)

&= xfdL nIodf k'Uof} eGg] s;/L yfxf kfpg] (indicators) < / ;f] s;/L k|dfl0ft ug]{ (means of verification) < dflysf k|Zgxsf] pQ/ j:t'ut kdf qmdzM vf]Hb} hfFbf cflhljof] th'{df k|lqmof klg qmdzM cl3 a9\b} hfG5 . lgb] {lzsfsf] cfpFbf efuxdf dfly pNn]lvt k|Zgxsf] pQ/ s;/L vf]Hg] tyf JofVof s;/L ug]{ xf] ;f]sf] ljlw tyf tl/sfxsf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

3.2

cflhljof] th'{dfsf dxTjk"-f{ kIfx?

of]hgf eg]sf] d"ntM lglb{i6 nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu ug'{kg] { sfo{x af/] lj:t[t kn] hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg (elaboration of instructions) xf] . o:tf] lgb]{zg ljutdf ul/Psf sfo{xsf] cg'ejaf6 k|fKt 1fg / ;"rgf (empirical information) tyf To;sf] Jojl:yt JofVof (systematic reasoning) af6 l;h{gf ul/Psf] x'G5 . ctM of]hgf k|lqmofdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf tLg kIfx dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . ;"rgf
(information) (deliberation)

jx;5nkmn lgb]{zg

(instruction)

of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;"rgf tyf 5nkmnnfO{ s] s;/L ;d]l6Psf] 5 ;f] sf] cfwf/df of]hgfsf lgDglnlvt rf/ cj:yf x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . ;"rgf ljgf g} 5nkmn u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{ (cGt/1fgdf cfwfl/t of]hgf/planning by intuition_ 5nkmn ljgf g} ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{ -k|]/0ffdf cfwfl/t of]hgf/planning by inspiration) ;"rgf tyf ljrf/ ljdz{ ljgf g} lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{ -xr'jfdf cfwfl/t of]hgf/planning by speculation) kof{Kt ;"rgf tyf ;"rgf pk/ 5nkmn u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{ (;du|tfdf cfwfl/t of]hgf/comprehensive
planning)

cflhljof]n] rf}yf] cj:yf cyf{t\ ;du|tfdf cfwfl/t of]hgfnfO{ c+ufNg' k5{ . t;y{, of]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{ xfdL (33)

sxfF 5f} < xfd|f] l:ylt s] 5 < tyf xfd|f] cl3 a9\g] ult (trend) s:tf] 5 < eGg] s'/fsf] j:t'ut hfgsf/L cfjZos k5{ . o;sf nflu cfjZos tYof+s ;+sng u/L To;nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L ;"rgf (information) df kl/0ft ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . pNn]lvt ;"rgf dfly ;DalGwt ;a} kIfsf] ;xeflutfdf ljrf/ljdz{ u/L ljBdfg l:ylt / cj:yf lsg l;h{gf eof] tyf o:tf] l:ylt tyf cj:yfn] xfdLnfO{ eljiodf stf n}hfg] xf] ;f] sf] uxg ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0faf6 ljsf;sf r'gf}tLx tyf cj;/x lg?k0f x'g] / ;f]sf] cfwf/df xfd|f] eljio s:tf] x'g'kg]{ < tyf ;f] cj:yf k|fKt ug{ s] s:tf] gLlt jf l;4fGt cjnDjg ug'{kg]{ < eGg] ljifodf to ug'{kb{5 . ctM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf lhNnfsf] l:ylt emNsg] e/kbf{ ;"rgfx x'g'kb{5 . o;sf nflu lhNnfsf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgf (problems and potentials) :ki6 x'g] u/L lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f (district profile analysis) ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;fy} ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo, gLlt, /0fgLlt tyf k| fyldstfx lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . dfly pNn]lvt s'/fx / ltgLxaLrsf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 .
tflnsf g+. 1 tYof+s / of]hgfaLrsf] ;DaGw

ljj/0f
(Description)

;"rgf

ljrf/ljdz{

lgb]{zg
(Instruction)

(Information) (Deliberation)

lat]sf] ;do (past time) tYof+s (statistics) ljZn]if)f (information) cg'dfg -xr'jf_ df cfwfl/t of]hgf
(planning by speculation)

k|]/)ffdf cfwfl/t of]hgf

(planning by inspiration)

cGt/!fgdf cfwfl/t of]hgf

(Planning by Intuition)

;du|tfdf cfwfl/t lj:t[t of]hgf (comprehensive

planning)

(34)

3.3

of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof

of]hgf lg/Gt/ rln/xg] k|lqmof xf] . of]hgf th'{df k| lqmofnfO{ b]xfoad]flhd rf/ r/0fdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . != tYof+s tyf ;"rgf ;+sng (data, information collection) @= ;"rgf ljZn]if0f (information analysis) #= of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df (planning and programming) $= sfof{Gjog of]hgf (implementation design) dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;j{k|ydtM tYof+ssf] tof/L ul/;s]kl5 To;nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L ;"rgfdf kl/0ft ug'{kb{5 . cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf k|j]z ug]{ k|d'v cfwf/ tYof+s ljZn]if0faf6 b]lvPsf] ;"rgf xf] . o;k|sf/sf] ;"rgfdf k|d'v kdf lhNnf ljsf;sf ;jfn / ;d:ofx, r'gf}tLx, pknAw cj;/ / ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx kb{5g\ . cflhljof] th'{dfsf] ;Dk"0f{ r/0f / o;sf] lj:t[t :jknfO{ b]xfosf lrq g+= @ df b]vfOPsf] 5 .
lrq g+. 2. of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof

tYof+s, ;" rgf ;+sng

(Data, Information Collection)

;"rgf ljZn]if)f
(Information Analysis)

of]hgf / sfo{qmd th'{df

(Planning & Programming)

sfof{Gjog of]hgf
(Implementation Design)

-nIo, p@]Zo / glthfx? lgwf{/)f_

-;+:yfut Joj:yf, ljsf; Joj:yfkg, cg'udgd"No f+sg_

dfly b]vfOPem} of]hgf th'{df lg/Gt/ rln/xg] k|lqmof xf] . of] k|lqmofdf Pskl5 csf]{ r/0f cfk;df cGoGt lgs6 kdf cfa4 /x]sf] 5 . ljZn]if0faf6 of] k|lqmof z'? eO{ lg/Gt/ kdf cl3 al9/xG5 .

(35)

3.4

cjnDjg ul/Psf cfwf/e"t s'/fx?

of] lgb]{lzsfsf k|fjwfgx? d"nt gjf}+ of]hgfdf lnOPsf gLltut Joj:yf Pj+ k|rlnt sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . lgb]{lzsf tof/ ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf tYoxnfO{ x[bo+ud ul/Psf] 5 . ;du| lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cu|0fL e"ldsf (lead role) /x]sf] 5 . k|efjsf/L of]hgf th'\{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;+:yfut bIftf clej[l4 ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . o; kl/k|]Ifdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf klg lh= lj= ;= sf ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx?n] g} cu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kb{5 . ge} gx'g] cj:yfdf / k|fljlws ljifodf dfq jfx\o k/fdz{ ;]jf lng' kb{5 . oxf+g]/ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] k/fdz{ ;]jf k|fKt u/]sf jvt klg ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx?sf] e"ldsf uf}0f geO{ cu|0fL g} /xg' kb{5 . of]hgf th'{sf qmddf k|fljlws kIf / ;xeflutfTds k| lqmofaLrsf] plrt ;lDd>0f / ;Gt'ng cfjZos 5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] e"ldsf vf;u/L lhNnf txdf of]hgf th'{df, gLlt lgdf{0f, ;dGjo, cg'udg / d"Nof+sgdf s]lGb|t (focus) /xg' kb{5 . sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L ljz]if1tf k|fKt u/]sf ;+3 ;+:yf (specialized agency) x? nfO{ lbOg' kb{5 . of]hgf th'{sf ubf{ ;s];Dd c? dflysf] k/ lge{/tf qmdz sd ub}{ n}hfg'kb{5 .

(36)

4
4.1

lhN nf j:t'l:ylt lrq-f tyf ljZn]if-f

(D is tric t P ro file A n a ly s is )
e"ldsf

lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ljsf;sf nflu lhNnfdf ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL If]q nufot gful/s ;dfh / bft[ ;+:yfx sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a} lgsfoxsf] ljsf; k|of;xnfO{ lglb{i6 p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf nflu cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cflhljof]_ n] lgb] {zg, ;dGjo tyf kyk|bz{g ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM ax'ljifout d'2fx (multi-sectoral issues) sf] lj:t[t ljj]rgf / ljZn]if0f u/L ax'ljifout PsLs[t ljsf; of]hgf (multi-sectoral integrated development plan) sf kdf cflhljof]sf] th'{df ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf of] k|lqmof hl6n, ;donfUbf] tyf vlr{nf] ;d]t x'g ;S5 . ljifout tyf If]qut ;d:of (sectoral and regional problem) sf] hl6ntfnfO{ x]bf{ sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lxdf Jofks 5nkmn u/fO{ k|lqmofut 9fFrf (process orientation) af6 dfq cflhljof]sf] th'{df ug]{ xf] eg] ljifout If]qsf] uxg ljZn]if0f gx'g], of]hgf a9L dxTjfsf+IfL eO{ tTsfnLg ;d:of ;dfwfgd'vL tyf a9L ef}lts k"jf{wf/d'vL x'g], of]hgfsf] lj:tfl/t vfsf lgsfNg a9L ;do nfUg]h:tf sdhf]/Lx b]lvg ;S5 . ljz]if1xsf] ; +nUgtfdf dfq cflhljof]sf] th'{df (technical orientation) ubf{ of] a9L l;4fGtd'vL x'g], :yfgLo rfxgfeGbf 6f9f x'g], cfgf]kg (ownership) sf] efjgf sd x'g] h:tf sdhf]/Lx b]lvg ;S5g\ . ctM k|lqmofut tyf ljz]if1tf b'j}sf] pko'Qm ;lDd>0faf6 cflhljof]sf] th'{df ug{ cfjZos 5 . of] lgb]{lzsfdf oL b'j}sf] pko'Qm ;lDd>0fsf cfwf/df cflhljof] th'{df k| lqmofnfO{ lglb{i6 ul/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ tnsf] tflnsfn] :ki6 ub{5 .

(37)

tflnsf g+. 2 ;xeflutfd"ns k$lt / k|fljlws kIf aLrsf] ;Gt'lnt ;d'bfo tyf of]hgfsf/k| lqmofsnfk

fljlws kIfsf] e"ldsf of]hgf k|lqmof -ljifout sfof{no ljleGg >f]taf^ ljleGg >f]taf^ nufot_ tYof+s ;+sng / / tYof+s ;+sng ljZn]if)f ljZn]if)f ljsf;sf ;d:of ;jfnx?sf] ljsf;sf ;d:of ;jfnx?sf] ljZ n ]if0 ljZn]if)f ljZn]if)f f ljsf;sf cj;/ ;Defjgfx? ljsf;sf cj;/ ;Defjgfx? (Analysis) sf] klxrfg / /ljZn]if)f sf] klxrfg ljZn]if)f ljZn]if)fsf] k|ltj]bg ljZn]if)fsf] k|ltj]bg tof/L tof/L k|:t'lt, k|efj kfg]/ / ljsf;df %nkmn k|:t'lt, k|efj kfg] ljsf;df %nkmn cBfjlws (dev't { tTjx? (dev't cBfjlws { tTjx? variables) sf] k| variables) sf] k| If]k)f h:t}hg; If]k)f h:t}hg; +Vof, /f]huf/L cflb a[x t\ +Vof, /f]huf/L cflb j}slNks ljsf;sf] b [li6 sf] j}slNks ljsf;sf] kl/b[io tof/L kl/b[io tof/L 0f (alternative dev't (alternative dev't lg d f{ 0 f scenarios) (Prospects scenarios) ) nIo / /p@]Zox?sf] k|:tfj nIo p@]Zox?sf] k|:tfj tof/L tof/L lg)f{ostf{ / /;d'bfo df}h'bf sl&gfO{, lg)f{ostf{ ;d'bfo df}h'bf sl&gfO{, ;dIf / ;Defjgfsf ;d:of / ;Defjgfsf ;dIf ;d:of lg)f{ofy{ k|:t'lt / cfwf/df ljifout nIo / lg)f{ofy{ k|:t'lt o f]h g f / cfwf/df ljifout nIo p@]Zox?sf] tof/L sfo{qm p@]Zox?sf] tof/L of]hgf / /sfo{qmd d of]hgf sfo{qmd th'{df th'{df th'{df k|:tfjsf ?kdf ;d'bfo / / (Planning & k|:tfjsf ?kdf ;d'bfo Programming lg)f{ostf{ ;dIf ) lg)f{ostf{ ;dIf k|d'v sfo{qmd / / k|d'v sfo{qmd k|:t'lt sfof{ G j k|:t'lt kl/of]hgfsf] k| kl/of]hgfsf] k| og / fyldstfsf] qmd fyldstfsf] qmd tof/L Joj:y fkg tof/L (Implementa nufgL of]hgf tof/L tion & nufgL of]hgf tof/L Mgmt.) sfof{Gjog / /cg'udg sfof{Gjog cg'udg d"Nof+sg / /k'gof] d"Nof+sg k'gof] {hgf (38) {hgf

nfeu|fxLsf] tYof+s ;+sngdf tYof+s e"ldsf ;+sngdf rf;f] / /;xof]u rf;f] ;xof]u -;xeflutfd"ns k4lt_ k|lqmofdf ;xefuL k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g], of]hgf af^ k| x'g], of]hgf af^ k| efljt x'g] ;d"x efljt x'g] ;d"x (interest group) (interest group) sf] klxrfg sf] klxrfg hg;Dks{sf] qmddf hg;Dks{sf] qmddf ;lqmo ;xefuL ;lqmo ;xefuL eO{ ;xof]u eO{ ;xof]u of]hgfsf/sf] wf/)ffdf of]hgfsf/sf] wf/)ffdf eljiosf] kl/b[io eljiosf] kl/b[io l^sf l^sf (prospects) df l^sf (prospects) df l^Kk)fL;'emfj l^sf l^Kk)fL;'emfj l^Kk)fL / /;'emfj l^Kk)fL ;'emfj lbg] lbg] bL#{sflng ;f]r bL#{sflng ;f]r lgdf{)f lgdf{)f lhNnf ljsf;sf cj;/ lhNnf ljsf;sf cj;/ ;Defjgfx?sf] klxrfg ;Defjgfx?sf] klxrfg of]hgfsf/af^ k|:t't of]hgfsf/af^ k|:t't nIo / /p@]Zox? nIo p@]Zox? dfly %nkmn, dfly %nkmn, :jLsf/c:jLsf/ ug] nIo, :jLsf/c:jLsf/ ug] nIo, ;'emfj lbg] { jf ;'emfj lbg] p@]Zo, / /sfo{qmdx? ;lxtsf { jf p@]Zo, sfo{qmdx? ;lxtsf ] ]of]hgf / / of]hgf sfo{qmdsf] k|:tfj sfo{qmdsf] k|:tfj dfly %nkmn dfly %nkmn ;+zf]wg, :jLsf/ jf ;+zf]wg, :jLsf/ jf sfo{qmd // sfo{qmd c:jLsf/ c:jLsf/ kl/of]hgf :jLs[lt / / kl/of]hgf :jLs[lt ah]^ Joj:yf ah]^ Joj:yf lhDd]jf/L jxg ug] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug] { u/fpg] { u/fpg] cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg / / cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg ljj]rgf ljj]rgf k|ult, ;dLIff, ;'emfj / / k|ult, ;dLIff, ;'emfj lgb]{zg lgb]{zg

4.2

k"j{tof/L sfo{zfnf uf]i&L

cflhljof] th'{df ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt ;a} kIfaLr cfk;L ;/;Nnfx, ;dembf/L sfod u/L s] s;/L of]hgf th'{df k| lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] xf] ;f]sf] nflu k"j{of]hgf tof/L sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{k5{ . o;sf] p2]Zox, k| lqmof, ;xefuL ;+Vof / o; ;DjlGw lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr@ df lbOPsf] 5 . o; uf]li7af6 cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm cflhljof] tof/Lsf nflu sfo{of]hgf th'{df ug'{kg]{5 . o;sf] gd"gf cg';"rL# df lbOPsf] 5 .

4.3

tYof+s ;+sng tyf ljZn]if-f

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] k|f/De ;"rgf ; +sng tyf ljZn]if0f ul/G5 . o; ;Gbe{df lhNnfsf] ljBdfg cj:yf s:tf] 5 < lhNnfsf] ;f] cj:yf lsg / s;/L eof] tyf o:tf] cj:yfn] eljiodf lhNnfnfO{ stf k'ofpF5 eGg] k|Zgxsf] :ki6 kn] pQ/ vf]Hg' kb{5 . of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof / tYof+s ;+sng Jojl:yt tyf ljZn]if0f ug]{ tf}/tl/sfx tnsf kl/R5]bxdf JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnfsf ljljw ;d:ofxsf] ;dfwfgsf] vf]hL ug{ tyf ;Lldt ;|f]t tyf pknAw ;fwgxsf] ;jf]{Qd pkof]u ug{sf nflu lhNnfsf] ;d:of tyf ;antfsf] uxg ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 . Ps jf b'O{ lbgsf] ;xeflutfTds sfo{zfnf uf]i7Laf6 ;d:of tyf ;antf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ of] k|lqmofdf hfg'cl3 ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] lhNnfsf] xfnsf] l:ylt / ljsf; k|j[lQ (development trend) nfO{ cfg} txaf6 ;dLIff Pjd\ ljZn]if0f u/L k|fKt glthf -;d:of tyf ;antf_ nfO{ sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf k|:t't ubf{ lhNnfsf] ;d:of tyf ;antf ljZn]if0fdf k|efjsfl/tf cfpg] x'G5 . ctM ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] cfcfgf]] ljifoIf]qdf cufl8 cg'R5]b #=! df pNn]lvt a'Fbf !, @, # / $ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf k|Zgxsf] pQ/ tyf JofVof vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu k|To]s ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] b'O{ r/0fdf ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 . cfjZos k/]df lj:t[t cWoog tyf ljZn]if0fsf nflu ljz]if1sf] ;]jf ;d]t lng ;lsG5 .

(39)

k|f/lDes ljifout ljZn]if0f

(Preliminary Sectoral Analysis) (Detailed Studies & District Analysis)

lj:t[t cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f

4.3.1 k|f/lDes ljifout ljZn]if-f

k|To]s ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] cfcfk\mgf]] ljifout If]qsf] slDtdf ljut % jif{sf] cjlwdf sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] gLlt, / 0fgLlt, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfxsf] cfDbfgL vr{ nufotsf] n]vfhf]vf tyf k|ult ;dLIff ug'{kg]{ / d'Vod'Vo ljsf; ;"rsx lgwf{/0f u/L Tof] % jif{sf] cjlwdf lhNnf ljsf;sf ;"rsxdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf] ljj]rgf, JofVof / j0f{g ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] nflu ;ldltxn] lhNnfdf cfkm"n] u/]sf cWoog cg';Gwfg, sfof{no clen]v, :yfgLo, /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o k|sfzgx ;d]taf6 tYof+sx ;+sng u/L k|f/lDes ljifout ljZn]if0f ug'{kg] { x'G5 . o; ljZn]if0fsf nflu ljifout sfof{nosf tyf ;fem]bf/ ; +:yfsf k|d'vxn] ljz]if1sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{k5{ . o;k|sf/ k|f/lDes ljZn]if0faf6 lhNnfsf ;d:ofx, k|d'v ljsf; d'2fx, lhNnfsf] ljlzi6Ls/0f (specialization) tyf :yfgLo txdf pknAw ;fwg ;|f]t Pjd\ ;antfx (potentials) tYoutkdf emNsg]5g\ . o;sf ;fy} pknAw gePsf t/ cfjZos kg]{ yk tYof+sx ;d]t s] s] /x]5g\ eGg] ;d]t kQf nfUg] 5g\ (data gaps) . ;fy} o;af6 cflhljof] th'{dfsf nflu tYof+sx s'g tx;Ddsf] cfjZos kg]{ x'G5 ;f] ;d]t lgSof]{n x'G5 -h:t}M lhNnf:t/, Onfsf:t/, lgjf{rg If]q:t/, gu/:t/, ufpF:t/, j8f:t/, j:tL:t/ cflb_ . k|f/lDes ljZn]if0f ubf{ cfjZos kg{ ;Sg] ;"rsxsf] cfwf/df cfjZos kg]{ tYof+sxsf] ;"rL (checklist) cg';"rL$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltxn] of] ;"rLdfly 5nkmn u/L yk36 ug]{, cfjZos kg]{ ;"rsx 5gf}6 ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} n}+lus lx;fan] ;d]t cnu cnu tYof+sx lng'k5{ .

4.3.2

lj:t[t cWoog tyf ljZn]if-f

k|f/lDes ljZn]if0faf6 ;[hgf ug'{kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgf tyf cfjZos tYof+sx kQf nfUg]5g\ . ;fy} o;af6 lj:t[t cWoog ug]{ If]qx ;d]t klxrfg x'g]5g\ . of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] ;"rgfsf] dxTj, lhNnfsf] Ifdtf, ;dosf] pknAwtf tyf ;fwg;|f]t ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L lj:t[t cWoog tyf ljZn]if0fsf] sfo{ ug'{kg]{5 .

(40)

k|f/lDes tyf lj:t[t ljZn]if0fdf # dlxgfeGbf a9L ;do lbg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g . ljZn]if0fsf] glthfnfO{ pNn]lvt cflhljof]sf] ljifo;"rL -cg';"rL! df pNn]lvt_ sf] efu ! df pNn]lvt lzif{s, pkzLif{sdf lnlka4 ug'{kb{5 .

4.3.3

tYof+s tyf ;"rgfsf] ljv-*g

lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ;"rgf tyf tYof+sn] lhNnfsf] a[xt\ j:t'l:ylt lrq0f u5{ t/ lhNnf leq ljleGg If]qsf] t'ngfTds ljZn]if0fsf] nflu ;"rgf tyf tYof+snfO{ Onfsf txdf ljv08g ug'{ kg]{5 . lhNnf leqsf] ljleGg ;d:of tyf ;DefjgfxaLr t'ngf u/L :yfgut (spatial) nIf tyf sfo{qmd 5gf}6 ug{ tyf :yfgut ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ d2t k'Ug] x'G5 .

4.4 lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if-fdf ;dfj]z x'g] ljifox? sf] ?k/]vf

ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df of]hgfsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo ls6fg ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf ljZn]if0f tyf of]hgf th'{dfnfO{ 5'f5'} b'O{ efudf k|:t't ug'{k5{ . klxnf] efudf lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f ljZn]if0f k|:t't ug'{k5{ . of] efu cflhljof]sf] cfwf/ (basis of the plan) xf] . o;df lhNnf tyf lhNnfleqsf If]qx tyf ljifoxsf] lj:t[t lrq0f (comprehensive characterization) ul/G5 . bf];|f] efu d"ntM of]hgf b:tfj]h xf] . cflhljof]sf] b:tfj]hsf] efu ! sf] kdf tof/ x'g] lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0fdf tn pNn]lvt ljifox ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . oL ljifoxsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ oyf;Dej lhNnfsf] ljleGg Onfsf, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt If]qgu/kflnsf If]q jf lgjf{rg If]q tx;Ddsf] tYof+s tyf ;"rgfnfO{ n}+lus lx;fa -dlxnf / k'?ifsf] 5'f5'} afnaflnsf, k|f}9, j[4 cflb_ n] 6'qm\ofpg ;lsof] (disaggregation) eg] ljZn]if0f a9L cy{k"0f{ x'G5 . ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu of] cToGt h?/L 5 . ljZn]if0fsf] qmddf gSzfxsf] pkof]u a9LeGbf a9L ug'{kb{5 . pknAw tYof+s ;s];Dd gS;fdf c+lst ug'{k5{ . o;df ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf gS;fx a9L pkof]uL x'G5g\ . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodn] ;d]t of]hgf th'{df ubf{ ;|f]t gS;f / j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kg]{ egL lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 . -cg'R5]b @=@v_

4.4.1 lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns tyf ef}lts l:ylt lrq-f

(District Geo-Physical Characteristics)

(41)

o; lzif{sdf lhNnf tyf lhNnfleqsf] gu/kflnsfufpF ljsf; ;ldltOnfsflgjf{rg If]qut k|fs[lts :jk (natural features) sf] j0f{g ;fGble{s gSzf (relevant maps) sf] d2tn] ug'{kb{5 . lhNnf tyf cGtu{tsf If]qsf] If]qkmn, cjl:ylt (location), :ynk (topography), df6f]sf] ljz]iftf (soil characteristics), hnjfo' tyf hne08f/ (hydrology) tyf kof{j/0fLo :jk (ecological features) sf] ;\lIfKt kdf rrf{ ug'{k5{ . lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns tyf ef}lts lrq0fsf] pk;+xf/ (conclusion) df lhNnfsf] e"ef}lts l:yltn] ; [hgf u/]sf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgffxsf] ;\If]kdf j0f{g (summary of findings) ug'{kb{5 .

4.4.2 hg;\Vof ljj/-f tyf k|If]k-f

(Population Profile and Projections)

o; lzif{scGtu{t hg;\Vof tyf a;fOF;/fO ;DaGwL ljj/0f lhNnf tyf lhNnfleqsf] gu/kflnsfufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, Onfsf tyf lgjf{rg If]qut kdf ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . ljutdf ul/Psf] hgu0fgf tyf lhNnfdf ;\slnt hg;\Vof ljt/0fsf] t'ngfTds cWoogaf6 hg;\Vof j[l4;DaGwL ljutsf] k|j[lQ (past trends) tyf eljiosf] j[l4 (future growth) sf] ljZn]if0f u/L % jif{sf] hg;\Vofsf] k|If]k0f ug'{kb{5 . hg;\Vof;DaGwL xfnsf] l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ lgDglnlvt ;"rgfx pNn]v ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . != cfsf/ (size) s"n hg;+Vof @= j[l4b/ (growth rate) #= hg;\Vofsf] cjoj ljZn]if0f (component analysis) #=! k|hgg (fertility) #=@ hGd (birth) #=# d[To' (death) #=$ a;fOF;/fO (in-and out-migration) $= hg;\Vofsf] agfj6
(composition of population)

pd]/ (age) ln\u (sex) pd]/ ;d"x (age cohorts) h:t} lzz', afnaflnsf, k| fyldsdfWoldspRr dfWolds ljBfno hfg] ljBfyL{ ;d"xo'jf>dzlQm cflb .
(distribution of population) (urban and rural)

%= hg;\Vof ljt/0f %=!

zx/L tyf u|fdL0f

(42)

%=@ %=#

ef}uf]lns ljt/0f (geographic concentration) hg3gTj3gfa:tLzx/Ls/0f wd{, hghflt tyf efiff j:tLx
(settlements)

lhNnfsf] hg;+Vofsf] j[l4b/af6 lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof slt cjlwdf bf]Aa/ x'G5 eGg] s'/f b]xfosf] ;"qaf6 lgsfNg ;lsG5 . hg;+Vof bf]Aa/ cjlw -jif{df_ x'g] ^( jflif{s hg;+Vof j[l4b/

hg;\Vof ;DaGwL ljZn]if0fsf] pk;+xf/ (conclusion) df o; If]qdf b]lvPsf ;d:of tyf ;antfsf] ;\lIfKt ljj/0f (summary of findings) pNn]v ug'{kb{5 .

4.4.3 e"pkof]u (Land Use)

o; lzif{scGtu{t lhNnfleqsf] e"ldsf] pkof]usf] d"Nof+sg, ljleGg lsl;dsf] e"pkof]u gSzfsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{5 . ljBdfg e"pkof]usf] ljZn]if0faf6 pko'Qm Joj:yfkg tyf ; +/If0f ug'{kg]{ e"ld tyf ;|f]txsf] klxrfg x'g]5 . e" pkof]usf] d"Nof+sgsf nflu lgDgadf]lhdsf] gSzf tyf ;"rgfsf] ;[hgf ug{ cfjZos x'G5 .

e"juL{s/-f gS;f

(Land Classification Maps)

lhNnfleqsf] e"efunfO{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltgu/kflnsfcg';f/ b]xfosf] ju{df s] slt If]qkmn /x]sf] 5 ;f]sf] ;"rgf ;+sng u/L gS;fdf b]vfpg'kg]{5 . -s_ jg If]q
(Forest Land)

s=! ;'/lIft jg (forest reserves) s=@ kfs{ (parks) s=# ;fd'bflos jg (community forest) s=$hnLo If]q/water bodies -kf]v/L, tfn, gbL_ s=% zfxL;]gf If]q (royal army reserves) s=^ gful/s If]q (civil reserves) (43)

s=& r/g If]q (grasslands) s=* cglws[t pkof]u If]q (illegally occupied areas) s=( JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jg -lghL jg_ s=!) sj'lnotL jg -lnh jg_ -v_ jgaflx/sf] If]q (Alienable and Disposable Land) v=! JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] tyf ;+:yf jf ;/sf/L lgsfon] pkof]u u/]sf If]q (titled land) v=!=! v=!=@ v=!=# v=!=$ v=!=% v=!=^ v=!=& v=@ s[lif (agricultural) a;f]af; (residential) cf}Bf]lus (industrial) df5fkf]v/L (fish ponds) r/g (pasture land) afFemf] (idle) cGo (others)
(untitled land)

P]nfgL If]q
(open space)

v=@=! ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf] nflu v'nf If]q tyf kfs{ v=@=@

areas)

cglws[t pkof]u If]q

(illegally occupied

v=@=# v]nd}bfg (playing field) v=@=$ r/g (pasture land) v=@=% afFemf] (idle) v=@=^ 3f6 -bfx;+:sf/ ug]{ 7fpF_

le/fnf]kg gSzf

(Slope Map)

hldgsf] le/fnf]kg hlt a9L x'G5 e"Ifosf] ;Defjgf Tolt g} a9L x'G5 . hldgsf] le/fnf]kgcg';f/ e"pkof]unfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos /xG5 . kof{j/0fLo b[li6sf]0fn] !* ;Ddsf] le/fnf]kg hldgdf -() l8u|LnfO{ zt k|ltzt le/fnf]kg dfGbf_ Go"gtd e"Ifo (soil erosion) x'g] tYonfO{ b[li6ut u/L sltko d'n'sn] !* eGbf dflysf] le/fnf]kg hldgsf] e" pkof]unfO{ lgoGq0f u/]sf] tyf %) eGbf dflysf] le/fnf] hldgnfO{ k"0f{ kn] ;+/lIft e"dL (protected land) sf] kdf /fv]sf] kfOG5 . lhNnfsf] e"ldsf] le/fnf]kg tyf e" pkof]unfO{ t'ngf u/L e"pkof]u G (land use conflit) nfO{ klxrfg ug{ b]xfoadf]lhd ufpF ljsf; ;ldltgu/kflnsfsf] (44)

5'f5'} kdf le/fnf]kg tYof+s tyf gSzf tof/ ubf{ ljZn]if0f sfo{df ;xhtf cfpg]5 .
tflnsf g+. 3 le/fnf]kg juL{s/-f ug]}{ cfwf/

le/fnf] kg
Slope range %

ljj/0f
Description

If]qkmn x]= jf ju{ ls=ld=df -ufp ljsf; ;ldltgu/kflnsfsf] gfd_ 1 2 3 4

lhNn fsf] s"n If]qk mn

03 38 818 1830 3050

nueu;Dd k/]sf] e"ld

Level to nearly level

clncln ptf/r(fj ePsf] e"ld

Gentle sloping to undulating

a(L ptf/r(fj ePsf]

Undulating to rolling

dWod le/fnf]kg ePsf]

Rolling to moderately steep

le/fnf] kxf*L If]q

Steep hills & mountains

50 k| ltzt clt le/fnf] If]q eGbf Very steep hills and mountains a(L lhNnfsf] contour gSzf pknAw ePsf] v08df le/fnf]kg gSzf tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 . contour line k|To]s !)) ld6/ prfO (verticle) sf] nflu lvlrg] x'Fbf b'O{ contour line sf] aLrsf] b'/L (horizontal) nfO{ :s]nn] gfkL !)) ld6/nfO{ efu u/]/ le/fnf]kg lgsfNg ;lsG5 .
(tan p/b) = le/fnf]kg (slope) -l8u|Ldf_ = prfO (verticle) = !)) ld6/ b'O{ sG6'/nfOgaLrsf] b'/L ld6/df (horizontal)

s[lif pkof]u gSzf (Agricultural Land Use Map)

s[lifn] dfgjsf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug]{ x'Fbf s[lif pTkfbg clej[l4sf] nflu l;+rfO tyf cGo s[lif k"jf{wf/df 7"nf] nufgL eO/x]sf] x'G5 eg] ljsf;sf] qmddf cGo pkof]usf nflu e"ldsf] a9\bf] dfunfO{ klg s[lif e"ldn] k"/f ul//x]sf] x'G5 . d'n'snfO{ vfBfGg pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/ agfpgsf nflu sltko (45)

d'n'sn] s[lif e"ldnfO{ juL{s/0f u/L cGo pkof]udf hfg glbg] u/L lgoGq0f tyf k|ltaGw;d]t nufOPsf] kfOG5 . l; +rfO ;'ljwf k'u]sf] tyf l;+rfO ;'ljwf k'ofpg ;lsg] wgx/ v]tnfO{ cGo pkof]udf hfg glbg] u/L /f]Sg'kg]{ tyf cGo v]txnfO{ ljleGg txsf] lgoGq0f (highly/moderately/conditionally restricted) u/L s[life"ldsf] If]qkmnnfO{ 36\gaf6 /f]Sg clt cfjZos klg 5 . ctM lhNnfleq s[lif e"pkof]udf eO/x]sf] kl/jt{gnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] jt{dfg e" pkof]usf] clen]v /fvL lat]sf] cjlwsf] e"pkof]u;DaGwL ljj/0f cGtjf{tf{ ljlwaf6 tof/ u/L e"pkof]u ;d:ofsf] lrq0f ug'{ cfjZos kb{5 .
tflnsf g+. 4 s[lif e"pkof]u lsl;d (Agriculture Land Use Type)

ljj/0f -b'O{ jfnL x'g]df Ps jfnL pNn]v ePkl5 csf]{ afnL pNn]v gug]{_ 1= afnL If]q 1=1 wgx/ v]t (rice field) ;dy/ e"ld (plain land) 1=1=1 l;+lrt -s'nf], gx/ nfUg]_ 1=1=2 cl;+lrt -jiff{tdf e/ kg'{kg] {_ kxf*L e"ld (high land) 1=1=3 u/f (terrace) l;+lrt cl;+lrt 1,1,4 cGo 1=2 ds} 1=3 sf]bf] 1=4 kmfk/hf} 1=5 cGo vfBafnL 1=6 gub] afnL 1=6=1 pv' 1=6=2 ;"tL{ 1=6=3 skf;

s[lif e"ldsf] If]qkmn == g=kf s"n uflj; uflj; == = If]qk -s_ -v_ == -s_ mn =

(46)

1=6=4 ;"o{d'vL 1=6=5 cGo 2= kmnkm"n 1= 2= 3= 3= t/sf/L

jftfj/-f ;+j]bgzLn If]q gSzf

(Maps showing environmentally constrained areas)

b]xfoadf]lhdsf] ;"rgf ;+sng u/L ;f] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df jftfj/0fLo b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf] If]q tyf ;f] If]qdf eO/x]sf] dfgj ultljlw tyf j:tLljsf;nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] j0f{g ug{ cfjZos 5 . jftfj/0fLo ;+j]bg If]qnfO{ cTolws, dWod tyf Go"g (severely, moderately, slightly_ u/L tLg k|sf/df juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . != af9Laf6 k|efljt If]q, 8'afg If]q @= e"Ifo klx/f]af6 k|efljt If]q jf e"Ifoklx/f] hfg ;Sg] If]q #= cGo b}jLk|sf]k 36gf x'g ;Sg] If]q -lxdgbLtfn km'6\g]_ $= e'FOrfnf]af6 k|efljt x'g ;Sg] If]q

zx/L e"pkof]u gSzf (Urban Land Use Maps)

j:tLxsf] cfsf/ tyf 3gTj a9\b} hfFbf To;n] ljleGg ;d:ofx ;d]t lgDTofpF5 . zx/L ljsf;nfO{ oyf;dodf g} lgof]hg (planning) ul/Pg eg] zx/L ;d:of emg\ emg\ hl6n x'Fb} hfG5 . gu/jf;Ldf k|b'if0fsf] k|efj sd ug{ pBf]uxnfO{ k|b'if0f ug] { tyf gug]{ u/L b'O{ ju{df ljeQm u/L ltgLxsf] :yfkgf lglZrt :ynxdf ug]{ Jofkfl/s :ynxdf dfgj tyf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfk cTolws x'g] ePsfn] tL :ynxdf ;8s km/flsnf] /fVg'kg] { oftfoft, kfls{\ tyf cGo ;'ljwfx ;d]t ;[hgf ug'{kg] { x'Fbf lglZrt :ynxnfO{ Jofkfl/s If]qsf] kdf ljsf; ug'{kg] { j:tLsf] 3gTj a9\b} hfFbf v'nf 7fpF (open space) tyf v]n d}bfgxsf] dfu a9\b} hfg] ePsf]n] j:tLsf] cfsf/ x]/L v'nf 7fpF tyf v]n d}bfgsf] nflu lglZrt If]qx 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ tyf cfjf;Lo If]qdf hg3gTjsf] cfwf/df ljleGg ;'ljwfx h'6fpg'kg]{

(47)

ePsf]n] cTolws, dWod tyf Go"g 3gTj ePsf] cfjf;Lo If]qsf] juL{s/0f u/L lglZrt :ynx cfjf;Lo If]qsf] kdf 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu sltko d'n'sxdf zx/L e"pkof]u of]hgf (urban land use planning) sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] kfOG5 . zx/L pkof]usf] nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf] e"ld pkof]usf] cfjZostf /xG5 . hdLgsf] k|of]u
(open space & others)

k|ltzt cfjf;Lo (residential) %) Jofkfl/s (commercial) !) cf}Bf]lus (industrial) % ;+:yfut (institutional) % v'nf If]q tyf cGo #) s"n !))

Jofkfl/s tyf v'nf If]qsf] ljsf;n] zx/L If]qsf] ;'Gb/tf tyf cfsif{0fdf clej[l4 ug]{ ePsf]n] Jofkfl/s If]q tyf v'nf If]qsf] ; [hgf tyf ljsf;df :yfgLo lgsfoxn] k|d'v e"ldsf v]Ng'kg] { x'G5 . ljZj vfB ;\u7gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] :t/ (FAO standard) cg';f/ k|lt !))) hg;\Vofsf] nflu )=% b]lv # x]S6/;Ddsf] v'nf 7fpF cfjZos k5{ . :yfgLo ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df e"pkof]u of]hgf dxTjk"0f{ ePsfn] g} :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsfxn] cfcfgf]] If]qsf] e"pkof]u of]hgf tof/ ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . gu/kflnsfx tyf %,))) eGbf a9L hg;\Vofsf] sDtLdf Pp6f l;\uf] j:tL (nucleated settlement) ePsf] ufpF ljsf; ;ldltxsf nflu b]xfosf] e"pkof]u If]qsf] If]qkmn v'Ng] u/L gSzf tof/ u/L zx/L e"pkof]usf] ;d:of tyf ;antfsf] j0f{g ug'{kb{5 . != cfjf;Lo If]q
(residential zones) (low density)

Go"g 3gTj

(48)

dWod 3gTj (medium density) pRr 3gTj (high density)

(commercial zones)

@= Jofkfl/s If]q

;fgf] (minor) k|d'v (major) 7"nf] s]Gb|

(matropolitan malls)

#= cf}Bf]lus If]q

(industrial zones)

k|b'if0f/lxtvt/fo'Qm (light/non-pollutive/non hazardous) k|b'if0fo'Qmvt/fhgs (medium/pollutive/hazardous)

(parks and recreation zones) (educational zones):

$= kfs{ tyf dgf]/~hg If]q %= z}lIfs If]q dflysf_ ^= ;+:yfut

areas)

-dfWolds ljBfno / ;f]eGbf

(institutional)

If]q
(solid waste disposal

&= kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng / yfGsf] nufpg] If]q

dfly pNn]v ul/Psf ;a}k|sf/sf e"pkof]u gSzf tyf ;"rgfxsf cfwf/df lhNnfleqsf] e"pkof]u;DaGwL ;d:of, e"dL aLrsf] G tyf ;an kIfsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 .

4.4.4

zx/Ls/-f tyf j:tL ljsf;sf] :j?k (Urbanization and Settlement

Pattern)

o; lzif{scGtu{t lhNnf leq zx/Ls/0f tyf j:tLljsf;sf] :jksf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 . lhNnfleq hg;\Vof s] slt j:tLdf 5l/P/ /x]sf] 5 < j:tLsf] cfsf/ s:tf] 5 < 7"nf, demf}nf tyf ;fgf j:tLx s] slt b"/Ldf cjl:yt 5g\ < s'gs'g j:tLxn] ahf/ s]Gb| tyf ljleGg ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ s]Gb| (market centers/service centers) sf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf 5g\ eGg] ;DaGwL ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] nflu j:tL ljZn]if0f ug]{ s]xL cf}hf/x (settlement pattern analysis/scalogram analysis) sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . j:tL ljZn]if0fsf nflu j:tLxsf] ;"rL (inventory) tof/ ubf{ ;a}eGbf klxn] d"n j:tLx (nucleated settlement) klxrfg u/L d"n j:tLsf] ! lsnf]ld6/ kl/lwdf /x]sf cGo j:tLxnfO{ Pp6} j:tL dfg]/ j:tLsf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{kb{5 . ;"rLs[t j:tLxnfO{ hg;\Vofsf] cfwf/df ^ txdf juL{s[t ug'{k5{ . j:tLxnfO{ zx/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qdf (49)

5'6\ofpg'kg]{ / ltgLxnfO{ 7"nf], dWod, ;fgf] jf clt ;fgf]df juL{s/0f ug'{k5{ . sltko 3f]lift gu/kflnsfxnfO{ zx/L If]q eGg g;lsg] l:ylt /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf sltko j:tLxn] zx/L If]qsf] :jk lnO;s]sf] 5 . tyflk ljZn]if0fsf] qmddf gu/kflnsfxnfO{ xfnsf] Joj:yf cg'k zx/L If]qsf] kdf juL{s[t ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . j:tLxnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ljleGg cfsf/df juL{s/0f ug{ ;'emfj ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+. 5 j:tLx?sf] juL{s/-f

t/fO If]q lxdfnL If]q zx/L 2 nfveGbf 2 nfveGbf &"nf] If]q a(L a(L 50,0002 (Urban) dWod 50,0002 nfv nfv 20,000 20,000 ;fgf] 50,000 50,000 5,000 2,000 u|fdL)f &"nf] 20,000 20,000 2,500 (Rural) dWod 500 2,000 5,000 1,000 ;fgf] 500 1,000 100 500 2,500 1000 eGbf clt ;fgf] 500 eGbf sd 100 eGbf sd sd ;|f]tM ESCAP sf] Guidelines for Rural Center Planning / :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] cfwf/df tof/ u/]sf] . j:tLsf] cfsf/ tyf k|sf/cg';f/ j:tLxdf cfly{s ultljlw s]Gb|Lt /xg] tyf cfgf]] jl/kl/sf] If]q (hinter land) df ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx k| bfg ug]{ x'Fbf j:tLxsf] juL{s/0fkZrft\ ahf/ tyf ;]jf s]Gb| sf] kdf /x]sf a:tLx klxrfg u/L tL j:tLxdf lgDgadf]lhdsf ;]jf;'ljwf tyf ;+:yfx s] slt ;\Vofdf /x]sf] 5 ;f] olsg ug'{kb{5 .
tflnsf g+. 6 j:tL juL{s/-fsf nflu cfwf/sf ?kdf lnOg] ;]jfsf] lsl;d / k|sf/

tx/Rank

hg;\Vof kxf8L If]q 2 nfveGbf a(L 50,0002 nfv 20,000 50,000 2,500 20,000 1,000 2,500

(50)

;]jfsf] lsl;d
Category

;fdflhs ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf 1=

Social Services and Facilities

;]jfsf] k|sf/ (Functions) -;\Vofdf_ dfWolds ljBfno 2= SofDk;10 ljZjljBfno 4= Jofj;flos :s"n c:ktfn 6= :jf:Yo s]Gb| :jf:Yo rf}sL 8= :jf:Yo pkrf}sL lghL lSnlgs 10= cf}iflw

2 3= 5= 7=

oftfoft tyf ;~rf/ ;'ljwf

Transport and Communication Services & Facilities

9= -*fS^/ ePsf]_ k;n 11= sDKo'^/ k|lzIf)f s]Gb| 12= cfo'j] {lbs cf}ifwfno 1= ^]lnkmf]g j'yPCO 2= a; :^k 3= x'nfs #/ 4= s'l/o/ ;le{; 1= kfOkaf^ #/#/df kfgL ljt/)f k|)ffnL
(Piped Water System)

k"jf{wf/ tyf dd{t ;]jf ;'ljwf

Infrastructure and Maintainance Services

dgf]/~hg ultljlw
Recreational Activities

2= 3= 4= 5= 1= 2= 3=

lgdf{)f;fdu|L ljqmL k;n ljB't\ cfk"lt{ uf*L dd{t k;n /lhi^*{ lgdf{)f ;]jf tyf &]s]bf/ l;g]df xn, lyP^/ kfs{ v]nd}bfg (indoor stadium) cflb

(51)

;]jfsf] lsl;d
Category

cfly{s ultljlw
Economic Activities

;fd'bflos ;\u&g ultljlw

Community Organization Activities

;]jfsf] k|sf/ (Functions) -;\Vofdf_ 1= s[lif ;fdu|L ljqmL k;n 2= yf]s ;fdu|L ljqmL k;n 3= sk*f k;n 4= ls/fgf k;n 5= xf]^n tyf /]i^'/])^ -lrofk;n afx]s_ 6= #/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u 7= demf}nf tyf &"nf pBf]u -u}/s[lif_ 8= a}\sx? 9= C)f tyf art ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? 10= s[lifhGo j:t'sf] k|zf]wg / laqmL s]Gb| -df%f, df;' ;d]t_ 11= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? 12= lxtsf]if hDdf ug]{ s[ifs tyf cGo ;fd'bflos ;d"x 1= jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x ;+:yf 2= :jfjnDjL ;d"xx? (self-help groups/saving
and credit groups)

k|;f/ tyf ;'/IffTds ;]jfx?

Extension and Protective Services

3= :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? 1= lhNnf s[lifkz' ljsf; sfof{no / 2= s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|pks]Gb| 3= kz' ;]jf s]Gb|pks]Gb| 4= lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no 5= Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no 6= k|x/L rf}sL 7= ufp ljsf; ;ldltgu/kflnsf sfof{no 8= zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Aof/]s -u)f jf u'ndf_

dfly pNn]lvt ;]jfx 5gf}6 ul/Psf] j:tLxdf s] slt ;\VofTds kdf /x]sf 5g\ ;f]sf] cfwf/df ahf/s]Gb|sf] kdf klxrfg ul/Psf] j:tLxnfO{ %^ txdf juL{s/0f u/L j:tL >[\vnf (settlement hierarchy) lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . oL j:tLxsf] hg;\Vof tyf pQm j:tLxaf6 ;]jf;'ljwf kfpg] If]q (influence area) sf] hg;\Vof (hinterland population) ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L j:tL >[\vnfsf] pRr, dWod tyf lgDg tx (level) df /x]sf j:tLxsf] ljsf;sf] ;d:of tyf ;dfwfgsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . o;af6 ;]jf / ;'ljwfsf] :yfgut ljt/0f l:ylt Pjd\ To;df ;j{;fwf/0fsf]

(52)

kx'Frsf] l:ylt kQf nufpg ;lsG5 . ;fy} lhNnfleq ;]jf / ;'ljwf slQsf] ;Gt'lnt kdf ljt/0f ePsf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f ;d]t :ki6 x'G5 . j:tLx cTolws 5l/P/ /x]sf] sf/0f ljleGg ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ubf{ k|ltJolQm nfut vr{ cTolws /xg], ;fwg ;|f]tsf] pRrtd k| of]u gx'g], ;]jf;'ljwfsf] :t/ Go"g /xg] tyf nufgL klg 5l/P/ vf; k|efj gb]lvg] x'bf j:tL >[\vnfsf] ljZn]if0faf6 j[l4sf] /fd| f] ;Defjgf /x]sf j:tLxdf ;]jf, ;'ljwfx tyf nufgL s]Gb|Lt u/L hg;\Vofsf] ljt/0fnfO{ lglZrt :ynxdf s]Gb|Lt u/L zx/Ls/0fsf] ultdf lgof]lht kdf ltj|tf lbg ;lsg] ;Defjgfsf] ljZn]if0f o; lzif{sdf ug{ ;lsG5 .

4.4.5

lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf /f]huf/L l:ylt

tyf k"0f{ /f]huf/LnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug] o; lzif{s cGtu{t lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu pknAw b]xfosf] ;"rgfxsf] ;[hgf, ljj]rgf tyf

(District Economy and Employment Situation)

of]hgfn] cfly{s j[l4 { p2]Zo /fVg] x'Fbf /f]huf/Lsf] l:yltnfO{ tYof+sxsf] cfwf/df JofVof ug{ ;lsG5 .

lhNnf cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgfTds :j?k

(Sectoral Share)

lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ ljleGg ljifout If]qn] k|bfg u/]sf] /f]huf/L (sectoral employment) sf] tYof+ssf] cfwf/df s'g If]q (sector) n] slt of]ubfg ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] JofVof ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu sDtLdf !(&!, !(*!, !((! tyf To;kl5sf] /fli6o hgu0fgfaf6 b]xfoadf]lhdsf] If]q (sector) n] slt /f]huf/L /fli6o:t/, If]qLo:t/ tyf lhNnf:t/df k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 . != k|fylds If]q
and forest) (primary sector) (agriculture, livestock, fishery

!=! s[lif, kz'kfng, dT:okfng tyf jg @= bf];|f] If]q @=! @=@

(secondary sector)

vfgL (mining and quarrying) pTkfbg pBf]u (manufacturing) (53)

@=# @=$ #=! #=@ #=# #=$

lgdf{0f (construction) ljB't\, kfgL tyf UofF;

(tertiary sector)

(electricity, water and gas)

#= t];|f] If]q

Jofkf/ (wholesale and retail trade/commerce) oftfoft, e08f/ tyf ;~rf/ (transportation, ljQ, l/on:6]6 tyf Jofj;fo ;]jf

storage and

communications) (finance, real state and (community, business services)

;fd'bflos, ;fdflhs tyf JolQmut ;]jf

social and personal services)

dfly pNn]lvt If]qut /f]huf/Lsf] tYof+snfO{ b]xfoadf]lhd ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5M != lhNnfsf] If]qut /f]huf/L l:yltnfO{ /fli6o tyf If]qLo -ljsf; If]q, lxdfnLkxf8L t/fO{_ /f]huf/L l:ylt;Fu t'ngf u/L ;f] sf] sf/0fxsf] ljZn]if0ffTds kdf JofVof ug]{ . @= lhNnfsf] If]qut /f]huf/L l:yltnfO{ cfwf/ jif{ (base year) -pbfx/0f !(&! sf] hgu0fgf_ / cGo jif{xsf] l:ylt;Fu t'ngf u/L If]qut /f]huf/Lsf] kl/jt{g (sectoral shift/structural change) sf] JofVof ug]{ . #= If]qut /f]huf/Ldf dlxnfxsf] l:yltnfO{ dfly a'Fbf ! / @ adf]lhd 5'f5'} ljZn]if0f ug]{ . o; ;DaGwL lhNnf txsf] hfgsf/L hgu0fgfsf] d"n k|ltj]bgsf] ;DalGwt v08af6 lng ;lsG5 .

lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljlzli^s/-f

(Specialization)

lhNnfsf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgnfO{ /fi6 jf If]qsf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg;Fu t'ngf u/]/ (local quotient) lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljlzi6Ls/0fnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu lhNnf, If]q / /fli6o txdf s"n d"No clej[l4 (gross value added) sf] tYof+s cfjZos kb{5 . pQm tYof+s pknAw gePdf pTkfbgsf] ck| ToIf ;"rs (proxy indicator) sf] kdf cf}Bf]lus /f]huf/Lsf] tYof+snfO{ klg pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;df ljleGg lsl;dsf] /f]huf/L, hgzlQm jf pTkfbg -s[lif;d]t_ ;d]tnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu lgDglnlvt ;"qsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
= Ri/R

(54)

:yfgLo ljlzi6Ls/0f
(location quotient/LQ) Ri =

Ni/NR

lhNnfdf i gfds pBf]un] k|bfg u/]sf] /f]huf/L -pBf]u ljz]if jf ljifout pBf]u_ lhNnfsf] s'n cf}Bf]lus /f]huf/L /fi6df i gfds pBf]un] k|bfg u/]sf] /f]huf/L s'n cf}Bf]lus /f]huf/L

R= Ni =

NR = /fi6sf]

pk/f]Qm ;'qsf] k|of]uaf6 cfpg] glthfnfO{ lgDgadf]lhd JofVof ug{ ;lsG5M

(i)

:yfgLo ljlzi6Ls/0f cyf{t\ LQ value PseGbf 7"nf] eof] eg] pNn]lvt pBf]udf /fi6sf] t'ngfdf lhNnfsf] ljlzi6tf a9L b]lvG5 tyf pNn]lvt cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf lgof{t jrt (export-orientation) /x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . Ps a/fa/ eof] eg] lhNnfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ dfq k'Ug] u/L pNn]lvt pBf]un] pTkfbg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
LQ value

(ii)

(iii)

PseGbf sd eof] eg] pNn]lvt cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf /fi6sf] t'ngfdf ;DalGwt lhNnf k5fl8 k/]sf] (under specizliation) s'/f hgfpF5 . o;af6 pNn]lvt pTkfbgsf nflu :yfgLo cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ aflx/af6 cfoft x'g] u/]sf] b]vfpF5 .
LQ value

(55)

cfly{s cGt/;DaGw tyf nufgLpTkfbg ljZn]if-f

(Economic Linkages and Input-Output Analysis)

lhNnf txdf tYof+ssf] sdLn] ubf{ nufgLglthf ljZn]if0f (input-output analysis) ug{ lgs} sl7gfO x'G5 . lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] j0f{g ubf{ lhNnfleq slt /sd k|j]z ub{5 (inflow) tyf slt /sd aflx/ hfG5 (outflow) ;f] s'/fsf] df]6fdf]6L cg'dfg dfq x'g ;Sof] eg] klg lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] lrq0f cy{k"0f{ 9\un] ug{ ;lsG5 . lhNnfdf k|j]z ug]{ /sd (inflow) tyf aflx/ hfg] /sd (outflow) af6 :yfgLo cy{tGqdf ;~rfng eO/x]sf] /sd (money incirculation) df]6fdf]6L kdf u0fgf ug{ ;lsG5 . :yfgLo cy{tGqdf o:tf] art /sdaf6 Tof] 7fpFsf] ljsf; ult dGb jf tLj| s:tf] x'G5 eGg] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . :yfgLo cy{tGqdf o:tf] artnfO{ a9fpg tyf a9L ;dosf] nflu :yfgLo :t/d} /fvL /fVgsf nflu ljleGg ljZn]if0f u/L lhNnf txaf6 cfjZostf cg';f/ /0fgLltx clVtof/ ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf o:tf] ljZn]if0f lgs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . lhNnfleq k|j]z ug]{ / aflx/ hfg] /sdsf] cfsf/ df]6fdf]6L kdf b]xfosf] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
(i)

lhNnfdf lelqg] /sdsf ;|f]tx

(contributors of money in flow)

s"n lgof{t -;fdu|L tyf ;]jf b'j}sf]_ :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;/sf/n] lbPsf] cg'bfg /sd lhNnfaflx/ sfd ug]{ sfdbf/n] k7fPsf] /sd

(remittances)

(ii)

afXo ;|f]taf6 :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] lnPsf] C0f /sd ko{6g If]qaf6 ePsf] cfDbfgL lhNnfjf;Ln] lhNnf jf b]z aflx/ u/]sf] nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfDbfgL j}b]lzs ;xof]u k|fKt cfof]hgfx (foreign funded project) af6 :yfgLo txdf x'g] nufgL sd{rf/Lxsf] tnj /sd ;xof]uL ;+:yfn] lbPsf] rGbf, bfg, bftJo, pkxf/ / ;xof]u (donation of charity organization) lhNnfl:yt sfof{nosf] ljsf; ah]6 -lhNnf leq vr{ x'g]_ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx dfkm{t vr{ x'g] /sd lhNnfaflx/ hfg] /sdsf ;|f]tx (contributors of money out-flow)

(56)

 cfoft -lhNnfjf;L aflx/ uO{ jf aflx/af6 cfoft u/]sf] vl/bbf/L_ sf] nflu x'g] vr{ -nQfsk8f, cf}iflw, s[lif ;fdu|L cflb ;d]t_ eG;f/, cfos/, d"No clej[l4s/afkt ;/sf/nfO{ lhNnf leqaf6 ltg'{kg]{ /sd cGo s/ tyf z'Nsx afktsf] /sd C0f tyf Aofh e'QmfgL /sd aflx/ nluPsf] gfkmf (profit repartiated) /sd lhNnfaflx/ 3/ x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] tnj -:yfgLo txdf x'g] cg'dflgt vr{ s6fO{_ lhNnfaflx/ nufgL x'g] :yfgLo art /sd

(57)

#/kl/jf/sf] cfo:t/ tyf ul/jLsf] l:ylt

lhNnfs]f cfly{s l:yltsf] lrq0f ubf{ lhNnfsf] k|ltJolQm s"n ufx{:y pTkfbg k|ltJolQm slt 5, a]/f]huf/ tyf cw{a]/f]huf/sf] b/ slt 5, ;/b/ kfl/jfl/s cfo slt 5 cflbsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 . ;fdfGotof of]hgfsf] a[xt\ nIop2]Zo hgtfsf] ;/b/ cfoj[l4 u/L lg/k]If ul/jL /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;\Vofsf] k|ltztnfO{ 36fpg' /xg] x'Fbf o;;DaGwL ;"rgf tyf tYof+ssf] ;+sng / JofVof cfjZos x'G5 . lhNnfleq ul/jLsf] l:yltsf] lrq0f 3/kl/jf/n] vfgfsf] nflu kg]{ Joo (expenditure) jf cfDbfgL (income) sf] cfwf/df klg ug{ ;lsG5 . @)%# -!((^_ df s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefuaf6 ePsf] g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0faf6 k|ltJolQm k|ltlbg @!@$ Sofnf]/L cfjZos x'g] cg'dfg u/]cg'k pQm Sofnf]/L a/fa/sf] vfBj:t'xsf nflu k|ltJolQm jflif{s = @,^#& pkef]u vr{sf kdf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;df u}/vfB j:t'sf] vr{ ;d]t hf]8\bf k|ltJolQm jflif{s = $,$)$ cfjZos x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfwf/df g]kfn clw/fHodf ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg k/]sf hg;\Vof @)%# ;fndf $@ /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;} adf]lhd lhNnfleq /x]sf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsfdf 5'f5'} kdf s] slt ul/j kl/jf/ 5g\ ;f] sf] ;"rgf ;+sng ug'{k5{ . o;sf] nflu cfwf/ jif{ @)%@ sf] Go"gtd cfosf] /sddf ;/b/ jflif{s !) n] j[l4 u/L xfnsf] Go"gtd cfosf] df]6fdf]6L /sd lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . cfo:t/sf] ;j]{If0f ubf{ jf:tljs cfosf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{df x'g] sl7gfOnfO{ dgg u/]/ sltko d'n'sn] vfBfGgdf x'g] Joosf] cg'kftdf ul/jLnfO{ kl/eflift u/]sf 5g\ . kfl/jfl/s s"n cfosf] slt k|ltzt vfBj:t'df tyf slt k|ltzt u}/vfB j:t'df vr{ x'g] eGg] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df kfl/jfl/s ;DkGgtfsf] JofVof b]xfocg';f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
tflnsf g+. 7 kfl/jfl/s ;DkGgtfsf] :t/

vfBj:t'df vr{ x'g] s"n kfl/jfl/s cfosf] lx:;f 30 k|ltzteGbf sd 3049 k|ltzt (58)

kfl/jfl/s ;DkGgtfsf] :t/ ;DkGg (well-off) dWod (middle)

5069 k|ltzt 70 k|ltzteGbf a(L

u/Lj (poor) clt u/Lj (ultra poor)

ul/jLsf] lrq0f tyf ljZn]if0f ubf{ cfly{s kn] ul/a ;d"x (economically deprived group) sf] dfly pNn]v ul/Padf]lhd cfo:t/af6 ug{ ;lsG5 eg] ;fdflhs kn] ul/j (socially deprived group) ju{sf] klg ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 . ;fdflhs ;+/rgfleq hfltut kn] lk5l8Psf] ju{ -blnt tyf cGo hghflt_ sf] ljt/0f tyf cfly{s l:yltsf] cnUu} ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ .

4.4.6 s[lif tyf l;+rfO If]q

o; lzif{scGtu{t lhNnfsf] s[lifIf]qsf] pknlAw (performance) tyf ;d:ofxsf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{k5{ . ;fy} s[lif tyf l;+rfO If]qtkm{ ljut % jif{df ;+rflnt sfo{qmd ;dLIff u/L pknlAw, ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . s[lif ljsf; of]hgf (agriculture development planning) sf] p2]ZoxdWo] s[lif pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjsf] l:ylt (status) s] 5 / pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjsf] j[l4b/sf] k|j[lQ (trend) s:tf] 5 ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos /xG5 . o;k|sf/sf] ljZn]if0faf6 of]hgf cjlwdf s[lif pTkfbgsf] j[l4b/ s] slt /xg] xf] ;f]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . s[lif pTkfbgsf] ;fdfGo j[l4 (trend scenario) nfO{ yk k|of;f/f tLj| j[l4df kl/0ft (development scenario) ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf s[lif pTkfbgsf] j[l4 b/ tf]lsPadf]lhd xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 jf ;lsFb}g eGg] s'/f lgwf{/0f ug{sf nflu lgDglnlvt k|Zgxsf] pQ/ vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5M s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ a9L hUuf pknAw x'G5x'Fb}g < kof{Kt s[lif shf{ pknAw x'G5x'Fb}g < s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ xfnsf] j[l4b/eGbf a9fP/ n}hfg ;f]xL cg'kftdf s[lif ;fdu|L M dnvfb, pGgt ljp, cflbsf] cfk"lt{df j[l4 x'G5x'Fb}g < oL ;fdu|L ;dod} pknAw u/fpg] ;+:yfut Joj:yf s:tf] 5 < l;+lrt If]qsf] k|ltzt j[l4 x'G5x'Fb}g < pTkfbg j[l4 ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ pGgt ljp, v]tL ug] { tf}/tl/sfdf ;'wf/ (better cultivation practices), s[lif cf}hf/ tyf d]l;g/L cflbsf] If]qdf gofF k|ljlwsf] ljsf; x'G5x'Fb}g < gofF k|ljlw ls;fg;Dd k'ofpg] k|;f/ ;]jf k|efjsf/L

(59)

x'G5x'Fb}g tyf ls;fgxnfO{ tflnd lbOG5lbOFb}g < s[lifsf] nflu yk dhb'/x pknAw x'G5x'Fb}g < art pTkfbg ug]{sf] s[lif pkhn] ahf/ kfpg ;S5g\ ;Sb}gg\ <

s[lif k|;f/ tLg tl/sfaf6 ug{ ;lsG5M JolQmut (individual approach), ;d"xut (group appraoch) tyf ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L (mass approach) . pNn]lvt tl/sfxdWo] xfnsf jif{xdf ;d"xut (group approach) dfWod ;a}eGbf k|efjsf/L kfOPsf] x'Fbf ;d"xut tl/sfaf6 eO/x]sf] s[lifk|;f/sf] k|ult l:ylt tyf ;d:ofs]f ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ . s[lif If]qsf] p2]Zo ;du| s[ifsxsf] cfo:t/df j[l4 ug'{kg]{ ;d]t /xg] x'Fbf s[lif k|;f/ ;]jf pTkfbg j[l4d'vL dfq x'g' x'Fb}g . o;n] ljz]if u/L ;fgf s[ifsxnfO{ t'ngfTds kdf a9L gfkmf x'g] jfnL nufpg] lg0f{odf k'Ug d2t lbg], kmfd{ Joj:yfkg (farm management) df ;'wf/ Nofpg], s[lif pTkfbg leq\ofpg] ;dodf x'g] gf]S;fgLx (post harvesting losses) sd ug{ d2t k'ofpg] cflb sfo{x ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM o; ljifodf s[lif k|;f/ sfo{xsf] d"Nof+sg cfjZos 5 . b]zdf ;;fgf s[ifssf] afx'Notf ePsf] / ;;fgf s[ifs kl/jf/sf] pTkfbg 3/fo;L vktsf] nflu dfq x'g] ePsf]n] s[lif If]q lgjf{x d'vL /x]sf] 5 . lgjf{xd'vL s[lifnfO{ Jofkf/ d'vL agfpg cfjZos 5 . o;sf] nflu kl/jf/ tx (Farm household level) df /x]sf] ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ug'{ k5{ . s[lif kl/jf/ txdf ljleGg k|sf/sf] afnL tyf kz' pTkfbgaf6 s] s:tf] kmfO{bf eO/x]sf] 5 / t'ngfTds ?kdf a9L kmfObf s] df x'G5 ;f] sf] ljZn]if0faf6 s[lif kl/jf/ txdf lg0f{odf ;3fpg tyf s[lif pTkfbsTj a9fpg cGo tl/sfxsf cltl/Qm s"n l;dfGt ljZn]if0f (gross margin analysis) ug{ ;lsG5 . s"n l;dfGt ljZn]if0f (gross margin) eg]sf] s"n kmfd{ cfo (gross farm income) tyf pTkfbg vr{ (variable cost) aLrsf] km/s xf] . of] (gross margin) k|lt x]S6/ jf k|lt kz' (per head of live stock) sf nflu lgsflnG5 . ;DalGwt ultljlw -afnLkz' kfng_ sf] s"n cfo u0fgf ubf{ 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf nflu vkt x'g] kl/0ffdsf] ;d]t u0fgf ul/G5 . kz' jf ufOj:t'sf] s"n pTkfbg d"No u0fgf (60)

sfo{ afnL pTkfbgsf] t'ngfdf hl6n x'G5 . o;df kz' j:t'sf] xfnsf] d"Nofg tyf z'?sf] d"Nofg / vr{sf] km/snfO{ ;d]t (closing valuation minus opening valuation minus expenditure) ;dfj]z ul/G5 . ;DalGwt ultljlw -afnLkz' kfng_ sf] pTkfbg nfut (variable cost) k|lt x]S6/ jf k|lt kz'sf] nflu b]xfosf ljifosf] nfut tyf vr{af6 lgsfNg'k5{ . lap ljhg (seeds and seedlings) dnvfb (fertilizers) ls6gfzs cf}iflw (pesticides) l;+rfO kz' :jf:Yo vr{ (veterinary service & drugs) af]/f (bags) d]lzg/L tyf hf]Tg] bfOF ug]{ k|of]hgsf kz'x? dfgj >d t]n, OGwg, df]lan cflb oftfoft vr{ sfo{ut k"FhLdf nfUg] Aofh ahf/df a]r lavg ubf{sf] vr{ dfgj >dsf] u0fgf ubf{ kl/jf/ ;b:on] u/]sf] sfdsf] klg u0fgf ul/G5 . sfo{ut k"FhL (working capital) sf] Aofhsf] u0fgf ;a} pTkfbg nfut (variable cost) nfO{ hf]8L b'O{n] efu ug]{ / ahf/df k|rngdf /x]sf] Aofh b/n] u'0ff u/L lgsflnG5 . s"n l;dfGt ljZn]if0f adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
(gross margin analysis)

sf] gd"gf b]xfo

tflnsf g+. 8 s"n ;LdfGt ljZn]if-f (gross margin) (gd"gf 1)

ljj/0f s"n pTkfbg d"No d"Vo pTkfbg -? =_ ;xfos pTkfbg -?

abfd k|lt x]S6/ -?=_

skf; k|lt x]S6/ -?=_

&@,))) %,)))* (61)

!,#%,)))

=_ hDdf pTkfbg nfut lap dnvfb ls^gfzs cf}iflw :k|]o/ >d dhb"/ af]/fk]ls ;fdu| L sfo{ k"hLsf] Aofh hDdf s"n ldl>t cfo
(gross margin) *

&&,))) @,!)) !@,))) @,@%) !,@)) &)@ !*,@%@ %*,&$*

!,#%,))) !,))) @*,))) !,!@%) !,*)) @,^!$ ^&,(^$ ^&,)#^

abfd v]tLsf] af]6 (hay) ufO afv|fnfO{ v'jfpg sfd nfUg] .

tflnsf g+. 9 k|d'v pTkfbgsf] s"n ;LdfGt ljZn]if-f (gross margin calculation) (gd"gf 2)

pkh
! ds} dfq
(maize mono)

pTkfbg x]S6/ lsnf]

@,))) !,%)) &%) !,))) %)) %) !,%))

ahf/ d"No
(Fargale price)

s"n cfo
Gross output

k|lt lsnf]
% % !# !# !&=) =) *=)

-?=_
!),))) &,%)) &%) !&,@%) !#,))) *,%)) $%) )%) !@,)))

pTkfbg nfut -?=_

!,)))

Gross margin

k|lt x]S6/ -?=_

(,)))

@ ds} / s]/fp ds} d6/ # s]/fp $ skf; u'0f:t/Lo sd;n % wfg

!,%)) %))

!%,&%) !@,%))

!,))) !,@%)

&%) !),&%)

4.4.7

pBf]u tyf vfgL If]qsf] l:ylt

b]zdf pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg Go"gtd /x]sf] 5 . s"n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf pTkfbgzLn pBf]u (manufacturing industries) sf] of]ubfg (62)

s]jn !) k|ltzt dfq 5 eg] o;n] nueu tLg k|ltzt dfq /f]huf/L k| bfg u/]sf] 5 . cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg tyf /f]huf/Ldf clwsf+z lx:;f ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]usf] /x]sf] 5 . pBf]u If]qsf] ljsf;df cfzfltt ljsf; gx'g'sf] d'Vo Ps sf/0f b]zdf zx/Ls/0fsf] ult dGb x'g' klg Ps xf] . b]zsf] () k|ltzt hgtf cem} klg u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf] tyf u| fdL0f cy{tGq s[lifdf a9L lge{/ /x]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf ;;fgf s[ifsx?sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] / s[lif If]q a9L lgjf{xd'vL ePsf]n] ubf{ u|fdL0f If]qdf hg;+Vof a9L 5l/P/ /x]sf] 5 . ;;fgf c;+Vo j:tLx?df hg;+Vof 5l/P/ /x]sf] sf/0f pBf]u :yfkgfsf] nflu Go"gtd hg;+Vof (threshold population) sf] sdLn] ubf{ u|fdL0f If]qdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] ult ;d]t dGb /x]sf] 5 . zx/Ls/0f tyf cf}Bf]lus/0f lar ulx/f] cGt/;DaGw /x]sf]n] lhNnf leq ljsf;sf ;Defjgf ePsf d'Vo d'Vo ahf/ s]Gb|x? (potential rural market centres) 5gf}6 u/L To:tf s]Gb|x?df >f]t tyf nufgL s]Gb|Lt u/L u|fdL0f cf}Bf]lus/0f (rural industrialization) nfO{ ult lbg' kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf] /0fgLltn] lhNnf leq lglZrt :ynx?df hg;+Vof s]lGb|t x'g], pBf]u wGwfsf] ljsf; lta| x'g] / ;f] sf] k|efj lj:tf/} 5]p 5fpsf] ufpF (hinterland) df s|dzM kb}{ hfg] x'G5 . o; ;Gbe{df cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ljsf;sf] jt{dfg k|of;x? :ynut ;Defjgf (location potential) sf] cfwf/df s]lGb|t 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f ljj]rgf cfjZos /xG5 . clwsf+z lhNnfx? u|fdL0f k| s[ltsf /x]sf]n] u|fdL0f If]qdf demf}nf jf 7"nf pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgfsf] cj;/ tyf ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] x'''G5 . tyflk :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf] glhs (Proximity to local raw material) snsf/vfgf vf]Ng' kg]{ l:ylt eof] eg] dfq u|fdL0f If]qdf demf}nf jf 7"nf pBf]u v'Ng ;Sg] x'Fbf u|fdL0f If]qdf ;fgf, 3/]n' tyf n3' pBf]ux? v'Ng ;Sg] ;Defjgf a9L /x]sf] x'G5 . ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]ux? >dd'vL (labor-intensive) x'g], :yfgLo dfunfO{ k"/f ug]{ tyf :yfgLo ;'z'Kt k"FhL (dormant capital) nfO{ kl/rfng / k|of]u ug]{ ePsf]n] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] n3', ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]usf] of]hgf (micro, small and cottage industries planning) df hf]8 lbg' k5{ . o;sf nflu lgDg If]qsf] ;"rgf, ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ul/g' k5{ . (63)

u|fdL0f cf}Bf]lus/0fsf] nflu lhNnf leq a9L ;Defjgf /x]sf :ynx? s'g s'g 5g\ < (settlement pattern analysis), h'g klxn] g} j:tL ljsf;sf] :jk / >[\vnf cGtu{t rrf{ eO;s]sf] 5 . cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf nflu k|of]u x'g] sRrf kbfy{ -s[lif, aghGo, kz'hGo, vfgL_ sxfF sxfF s] slt kl/df0fdf pknAw 5 < sRrfkbfy{sf] kdf aflx/ hfg] j:t' / kl/df0f s] slt 5 < lhNnf leq k|zf]wg u/L k7fpg ;d:of / ;Defjgf s] 5 < :yfgLo k|d'v ahf/x?df lhNnf leq tyf lhNnf aflx/ pTkfbg x'g] j:t'x? s"g s"g s] slt kl/df0fdf vkt ePsf] 5 tyf ahf/df To:tf j:t'sf] dfusf] l:ylt s] 5 < lhNnfleq k/Dk/fut zLk k|of]u ug]{ ;d"xhflt (occupational skill & caste) sf] afx'Notf sxfF sxfF 5 < o:tf ;d"xn] ;~rfng u/]sf pBd slt / s'g cj:yfdf 5g\ < k/Dk/fut pBd (traditional enterprise) nfO{ clea[l4 (upgrade) ug]{ lbzfdf ;d:of s] /x]sf] 5 < :yflkt pBf]ux? bL3{sfn;Dd rln/xg] b/ (survival rate) s:tf] 5 < pBf]u aGb x'g'sf sf/0f s] s] x'g\ < gofF pBf]u v'Ng] b/ (new entry rate) s:tf] 5 < gofF pBf]u :yfkgf x'g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] < lhNnfdf k|bfg ul/g] l;k ljsf; tflndx?af6 gofF pBf]u hlGdg] b/ s:tf] 5 < l;k ljsf; tflndnfO{ k|efjsf/L gx'g'sf] sf/0f s] xf] < cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] ahf/Ls/0fsf] ;d:of s] 5 < lhNnfdf pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f s] xf] < cf}Bf]lus u|fdL0f tyf n3' shf{df pBdLsf] kx'Fr (access to rural/micro credit) sf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 tyf ;d:ofx s] s] 5g\ < sRrf kbfy{sf] kdf aflx/ hfg] j:t' / kl/df0f s] slt 5 < lhNnf leq k|zf]wg u/L k7fpg ;d:of / ;Defjgf s] 5 <

lhNnfsf] pBf]u ljsf; of]hgf (district industrial development planning) sf] p2]Zo lhNnfsf cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg, cf}Bf]lus /f]huf/L, pBf]u :yfkgf b/df j[l4 ug'{ /xg] x'Fbf o;/L o; If]qdf xfnsf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 ;f] ;DalGwt ;"rgfsf] ;[hgf ug'{ k5{ .

(64)

4.4.8

Jofkf/, ko{^g tyf ;]jfIf]qsf] l:ylt

o; lzif{s cGtu{t b]xfosf If]qxsf] jt{dfg cj:yf, ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfxsf] ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{5M yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ lgsf;L k}7f/L l:ylt 9'jfgL tyf e08f/g Joj:yf ljQLo tyf Joj;fo ;]jf ko{6g ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkg

yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/

lhNnf leq s] s:tf ;dfu|Lxsf] yf]s Jofkf/ x'G5 < yf]s Jofkf/Lx s] slt 5g\ < s'g s'g 7fpF -lhNnf leqaflx/_ af6 vl/bstf{x cfpF5g\ < k|d'v Jofkf/ :yn s'g s'g xf] < lhNnf leqsf k|d'v j:tLxdf s] s:tf yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/Lx 5g\ < ;f] ;DaGwL ljj]rgfx o; If]qsf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfxsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ .

lgsf;L k}&f/L l:ylt

dfly yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/ pklzif{sdf pNn]v ePsf yf]s tyf v'b|f ;fdu|Lxsf] pTkfbg lhNnf leq jf aflx/ s] slt kl/df0fdf ePsf] xf] < lhNnfsf] pTkfbg aflx/ slt hfg], aflx/ pTkfbg ePsf ;fdu|L lhNnf leq s] slt cfpg] ;f]sf] lgsf;L k}7f/L l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f u/L o; If]qsf] ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfxsf] lrq0f ug'{k5{ .

_'jfgL tyf e-*f/ Joj:yf

lhNnf leq pTkfbg j:t'xsf] Ps ahf/af6 csf]{ ahf/df n}hfg 9'jfgL tyf oftfoft ;]jf sltsf] k|efjsf/L 5 < ljz]ifu/L s[lif pkh, s[lif ;fdu|L tyf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lxsf] ljt/0f k|lqmofdf 9'jfgL tyf oftfoft ;]jfn] s] s:tf] ;d:of l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 ;f] pNn]v ug'{k5{ . lhNnfsf] pTkfbg artnfO{ e08f/ ug]{ Joj:yf s:tf] 5 < zLt e08f/gsf] ;'ljwf s] slt pknAw 5g\ < clt cfjZosLo (65)

j:t'xsf] ;+lrlt s:tf] 5 ;f] ;DaGwL ljj]rgf u/L o; If]qdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfxsf] rrf{ ug'{kg]{5 .

ko{^g ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkg

lhNnf leq s] s:tf ko{6sLo :ynx 5g\ < s] slt ko{6gx lhNnf leq cfpF5g\ < s'g s'g 7fpFxdf ko{6gx hfg] u5{g\ < lhNnf leq ko{6s j[l4 b/ slt 5 < zx/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qxdf cf};t s] slt lbg ko{6sx a:g] u5{g\ < ko{6sxn] ;/b/ s] slt vr{ u5{g\ ;f] sf] ljZn]if0f u/L o; If]qsf] ;d:of tyf ; +efjgfxsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . ko{6sxnfO{ cfsif{0f ug{ s] s:tf ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx pknAw 5g\ < ko{6s s] slt ;'/lIft 5g\ < u|fdL0f ko{6g (village tourism) tyf kof{ ko{6g (eco tourism) sf] ljsf; s] slt ePsf] 5 < ko{6sxsf] j[l4n] s] s:tf ;d:ofx pTkGg ePsf 5g\ ;f] ;DaGwL ljj]rgf ;d]t ug'{kg]{5 .

4.4.9

ef}lts tyf ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ (Physical Infrastructure &

Utilities)

lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf nflu k"jf{wf/ (infrastructure) cfjZos x'G5 . ;fj{hlgs If]qn] k"FhL (capital) nfO{ l:y/ h]yf (fixed assets) df kl/jt{g uof] eg] To;nfO{ k"jf{wf/ elgG5 . af6f] 3f6f]sf] lgdf{0f, ejg, l;+rfO{ tyf gbL lgoGq0f ;+/rgf, ;+rf/ k| 0ffnL, uf]bfd 3/, 9n lgsf;x? k"jf{wf/ ePsf]n] o;sf] l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f o; zLif{sdf ug'{ kg]{5 .

;*s oftfoft
ljsf; k|ls|ofaf6 xfdLn] rfxgf /fv]sf] l:ylt (ideal condition) tyf ;f] l:ylt;+u xfd|f] jf:tljs l:ylt (existing condition) ;+u t'ngf u/L k"jf{wf/ ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfsf] d"Nofgsf nflu t'ngfwf/ (standards) sf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;8s, /]n, hndfu{ tyf oftfoft ;]jfx?n] Ps 7fpFnfO{ csf] { 7fpF;+u hf]8g] tyf u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ zx/ If]qsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf kx'Fr u/fpF5 . lhNnf leq ;8s oftfoftsf] l:yltsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfx?sf] cfjZostf /xG5 .

(66)

-s_ ;8s k|0ffnLsf] 3gTj (density of road system) M o;nfO{ lhNnf leq oftfoft ;'ljwfsf] ;"rs (accessibility indicator) sf kdf k| of]u ul/G5 . lhNnf leq Onfsfut, uf=lj=;=ut tyf lgjf{rg If]qut kdf ;8s, 9n;DaGwL o; k|sf/sf] ;"rgf ;[hgf ePdf lhNnf leq oftfoft ;'ljwfsf] t'ngf u/L s'g If]qdf ;8s oftfoftdf a9L Wofg lbg' kg]{ xf], ;f] sf] ljj]rgf ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fy} lhNnf ;8s oftfoft l:yltnfO{ cGo lhNnfx?; +u ;d]t bfFHg ;lsG5 . ;8s 3gTj b'O{ k|sf/n] u0fgf ug{ ;lsG5 . h'g txdf ;8s 3gTj lgsflng] xf] -tx eGgfn] lhNnf, uf=lj=;=, Onfsf jf lgjf{rg If]q_ ;f] txdf /x]sf] ag h+unsf] If]qkmnnfO{ 36fO{ k|lt ju{ lsld arable land df s] slt lsnf]ld6/ ;8s 5 ;f] lgsfNg' kg]{ 5 . k|lt ju{ ls=dL= If]qdf ! ls=dL= ;8s x'g'nfO{ standard dfGg ;lsG5 . bf]>f] ljlwdf k|lt !,))) hg;+Vofdf slt ls=dL= ; 8s /x]sf] 5 ;f] sf] u0fgff u/L ;8s 3gTj lgsfNg ;lsG5 . -v_ u|fdL0f hgtfsf] oftfoft cfjZostf (access needs) M lhNnf leq oftfoft ;]jf (transportation services) sf] cj:yf tyf ljleGg If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ oftfoft ;]jf pkof]u ug{ cf}ift lx8\g' kg]{ ;dosf] ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df (accessibility analysis) u|fdL0f hgtfsf] oftfoft cfjZostf klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 . -u_ oftfoft ;fwg (mode of transportation) M lhNnf leq ljleGg If]qdf Ps :ynaf6 csf]{ :yndf hfgsf] nflu k}bn lx+8\g] jf jonuf8f, ;fOsn, 6]Dk', 6s, 6]S6/, a;, l/S;f cflb ;jf/L ;fwgxsf] k|of]u eO/x]sf] x'G5 . lhNnf leq ljleGg If]q tyf lgdf{0f ePsf ;8sdf k|of]u eO/x]sf] ;fwgsf] ; +Vof, ?6, k'ofO/x]sf] ;]jf cflb ;DaGwL ;"rgf ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . ;fy} oftfoft ;fwgsf] dd{t ;+ef/ ug]{ s]Gb| x js{;kxsf] pknAwtfsf] af/]df klg ;"rgf ;+sng ug'{k5{ . -3_ ;8ssf] juL{s/0f (road classification): ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ug]{ tyf To;sf] dd{t;+ef/ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ls6fg ug{sf nflu ; 8ssf] juL{s/0f ug{ cfjZos 5 . ;8snfO{ ljleGg p2]Zosf nflu ljleGg lsl;dn] juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . k|zf;lgs pQ/bfloTj cfwf/df /fli6o (67)
(administrative responsibility)

sf

lhNnf

gu/kflnsf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ;8s Ifdtf (capacity) sf cfwf/df b|'t dfu{ (express ways) : -o;df crossing x'Fb}g tyf right of way ^) ld6/ x'G5 . g]kfndf o:tf] dfu{sf] ljsf; ePsf] 5}g ._ /fhdfu{ (highway) : -right of way sDtLdf @) ld6/ x'g] ._ ;xfos dfu{ (secondary roads) : (Right of way !# ld6/) Go"g dfu{ (miner roads) : (right of way & ld6/) 3f]8]6f] rqm]6f (right of way #=% ld6/) ;8ssf] lgdf{0f k|sf/sf] cfwf/df (types of pavement) 9nfg (concrete) sfnfkq] (asphalt) v08fl:dt (gravel) sRrL (earthfil)/ gf]6M cfjZostf cg';f/ afx|} dlxgf oftfoft rNg] grNg] v'nfpg' kg]{ . ;8s oftfoft;DaGwL k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;qmddf 3gfj:tL tyf zx/LIf]qdf s]xL clgjfo{ ;]jf;'ljwfsf] l;h{gf ug'{k5{ . o:tf ;]jf ;'ljwfcGtu{t kfls{, a;:6k, k|ltIffno (waiting sheds), ;8s lah'nL (street lighting), k}bnofqLsf] ;8s kf/ ug]{ Joj:yf (pedstrian crossing), ;8s ;\s]t lrGx (directional signs), a;sf] clGtd la;f}gL (terminals) cflb kb{5g\ . pNn]lvt k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] ljBdfg cj:yf, k'ofO/x]sf] ;]jf tyf ;f];DaGwL ;d:ofx ;d]tsf] ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ .

;~rf/ k|-ffnL
;~rf/k|0ffnL cGt/ut lhNnfleq x'nfs, 6]lnkmfg nfOg ljt/0f, 6 sn ;]jf, cfsfzjf0fL, ofS; Od]n, OG6/g]6, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg cflb pknAw ;~rf/ ;]jfxdf :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] kx'Frsf] l:ylt tyf ;d:ofxsf] ljj]rgf o; zLif{sdf ul/G5 . lhNnf leqsf ljleGg ufpF ljsf; ;ldltxn] pNn]lvt ;]jfxsf] k|of]u ug{ cf};t slt ;do vr{ ug'{k5{ < ;]jfsf] :t/ s:tf] 5 < ;"rgfx k|fKt ug{ cf};t slt ;do nfU5 < cflb ;DaGwL hfgsf/L ;+sng ug'{k5{ . zx/Ls/0fsf] ;Fu;Fu} 6]lnkmf]g nfOgsf] dfu a9\b} hfg] x'Fbf zx/L If]qdf xfn s] slt 6]lnkmf]g nfOg 5 tyf eljiodf slt nfOg rflxg] xf] < dfuadf]lhdsf] 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf pknAw (68)

u/fpg] Ifdtf s:tf] 5 < pknAw k|ljlw s:tf] 5 < ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ug'{k5{ .

ljB't\ tyf j}slNks pmhf{ ljsf; l:ylt

o; zLif{scGtu{t u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fsf] ljBdfg l:ylt tyf ;d:of ;Fu;Fu} ;f}o{ pmhf{ (solar energy), afof] Uof;, n3' hnljB't\ (micro hydro electricity) tyf cGo j}slNks phf{ ljsf; ;DaGwL l:ylt tyf ;d:ofsf] ljj]rgf ul/g'k5{ . ljB'tLs/0fn] u|fdL0f If]qdf ultljlwnfO{ a9fpg] / cfly{s ultljlwsf] j[l4 ;8s oftfoft, 3gfj:tL tyf cGo cfly{s cj;/df ;d]t lge{/ /xg] x'G5 . ctM ljB'tLs/0fsf] cefjdf cfly{s cj;/ a9\g g;s]sf ;Defljt If]qxsf] klxrfg u/L To:tf 7fpFdf n3'hnljB't\sf] ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf ;d]t klxNofpg cfjZos kg] { x'Fbf o;k|sf/sf] ljZn]if0f o; zLif{sdf ug'{k5{ . ljB't ;]jf k'u]sf] a:tL / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltgu/kflnsf ;+Vof, kx'Fr ePsf 3/w'/L, ljt/0f l:ylt cflbsf cfwf/df ;d:of / ;Defjgf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fy} :yfg ;'xfpFbf] j}slNks phf{ ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf s] x'g ;S5 -;f}o{, uf]j/UofF; cflb_ / To;sf] jt{dfg ljsf; / pkof]u l:ylt s] 5 ;f] ;d]t o;df s]nfpg' k5{ .

vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ (Drinking Water Supply)

lhNnfleq vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ;fdfGotof tLg tl/sfn] eO/x]sf] kfOG5 . kfgL cfk"lt{df oL tLg tl/sf j:tLsf] cfsf/ (Size) tyf kfgL ;|f]tsf] b"/Ln] ;d]t lgwf{/0f u/]sf] x'G5 . klxnf] tl/sf (Level I) cGt/ut vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk (piping) sf] k|of]u ul/Fb}g . kfgLsf] ;|f]taf6} :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] kfgL e/L n}hfg] ub{5g\ . o;k|sf/sf] Joj:yfdf kfgL d"n, Ogf/, s'jf tyf sn wf/f -x}G8 kfOk, /f]j/ kDk_ sf] k|of]u ePsf] x'G5 . kfgL cfk"lt{sf] bf];|f] tl/sf (Level II) cGt/ut vfg]kfgLsf] kfOksf] k|of]u ePsf] x'G5 t/ 3/3/} kfgLsf] wf/f lbOFb}g . kfgLsf] d"n, l8k 6\o"aj]n jf cGo ;|f]taf6 kfgL ;+sng u/L kfOksf] dfWodf/f a:tL glhs kfgL k'ofOG5 tyf ;fj{hlgs wf/faf6 kfgL cfk"lt{ ul/G5 . o:tf] ;fj{hlgs wf/f (stand point) k| To]s !)@) 3/sf] nflu Pp6f wf/fsf] b/n] l;h{gf ug'{kg] { x'G5, kfgL cfk"lt{cGtu{t t];|f] tl/sf (Level III) 3/3/} kfgLsf] (69)

wf/f lbOG5 . pNn]lvt tLg tl/sfdWo] t];|f] txsf] cfk"lt{ k| 0ffnL ;a}eGbf ;'/lIft xf] / o; ljlwdf kfgLnfO{ :jR5 kfg]{ k| ljlwsf] k|of]u klg ul/G5 . t];|f] tl/sfnfO{ dfq piped water system cGt/ut /fVg ;lsG5 . j}slNks tl/sfxdf s]xL lhNnfxdf jiff{t\sf] kfgL ;+sng u/L pkof]u ug]{ Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . :yfg cg';f/ o;;DaGwL s'/fxsf] ;d]t tYof+s ; +sng / ljZn]if0f ul/g'k5{ . lhNnfleq kfgL cfk"lt{sf] l:ylt lrq0f ubf{ dfly pNn]lvt ul/Padf]lhdsf] ljleGg txsf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yfaf6 s]slt hg;\Vofn] vfg]kfgL k|fKt u/]sf] 5g\ ;f]sf] ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0faf6 vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{sf] ;d:ofsf] ljZn]if0f cy{k"0f{ 9\un] ug{ ;lsG5 . kfgLsf] cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ug{ lhNnfleq j:tLsf] cfsf/cg';f/ dfly pNn]lvt k|d'v tLg tl/sfn] dWo] s'g pko'Qm xf] jf j}slNks tl/sf a9L pko'Qm x'G5 ls < ;f];DaGwL ljZn]if0f cfjZos /xG5 . ljz]if u/L 3gf hg;\Vof ePsf] j:tL tyf gu/ If]qdf t];|f] tl/sfaf6 kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf kfgLsf] cfjZostfsf k|If]k0f tyf cfk"lt{ l:yltsf] km/s (gap) ;d]tsf] klxrfg ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . o; lzif{s cGtu{t ljut % jif{df ;+rflnt cfof]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff u/L pknlAw, ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 .

gbL lgoGq-f

(Flood Control)

sltko lhNnfxdf gbL s6fgsf] ;d:of ljs/fn /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;d:ofu|:t gbLxn] k'ofPsf] Ifltsf] l:ylt, k|efljt hg;+Vof tyf To;sf] sf/0fsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L gbL lgoGq0f ug'{kg]{ :ynx / ;f]sf] k|fyldstf ;d]t ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df to ul/g'k5{ .

4.4.10 ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf (Social Infrastructure and Services)

lzIff
(Edcuation)

lzIff h:tf] ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf ;a}sf nflu k'ofpg' kg] { x'Fbf o;sf] dfu (demand) tyf cfk"lt{ (supply) l:yltsf] uxg ljZn]if0f ug{ cfjZos /xG5 . lzIff ;]jfsf] dfusf] l:ylt ljBfno (70)

hfg] pd]/ hg;\Vof (school age population) slt 5 ;f]af6 lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . ljBfno hfg] pd]/ ;d"x hg;\VofnfO{ lgDglnlvt $ ju{df ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5M
(i)

lzz' sIff -:ofxf/ s]Gb|_ tyf k"j{ k|fylds ljBfno -g;{/L, lsG8/uf8{g_ hfg] pd]/ ;d"x #% jif{ k|fylds ljBfno hfg] pd]/ ;d"x -sIff !% ;Dd_ ^!) jif{ lgDg tyf dfWolds ljBfno hfg] pd]/ ;d"x -sIff ^!) ;Dd_ !!!^ jif{ pRrdfWolds ljBfno !&@) jif{
(tertiary school)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

hfg] pd]/ ;d"x -!)@_

dfly pNn]lvt ljleGg pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;\Vofsf] cfwf/df lgDglnlvt ;"rgfaf6 ljBfno ;'ljwfsf] cfk"lt{ l:ylt ljZn]if0f ul/G5M 5fq5fqf cg'kft / dlxnf lzlIfsf ;\Vof dlxnf lzIfs 5fq cg'kft ljBfno ;\Vof -k"j{ k|fyldsk|f=lj=df=lj=bz hf]8 b'O{_ sIffsf]7f ;\Vof -k"j{ k|fyldsk|f=lj=df=lj=bz hf]8 b'O{_ sIffut ljBfyL{ ;\Vof f=lj=df=lj=bz hf]8 b'O{_ -k"j{ k|fyldsk|

lzIfs ;\Vof -k"j{ k|fyldsk|f=lj=df=lj=bz hf]8 b'O{_ aLrd} ljBfno 5f8L hfg] 5fqf_
(drop out)

ljBfyL{ ;\Vof -5fq

k|lt ljBfyL{ 8]:sj]Gr cg'kft cGo ef}lts ;'ljwf -rkL{, k|of]uzfnf, vfg]kfgL, v]n d}bfg cflb_

lhNnfsf] z}lIfs l:yltnfO{ txutkdf -k"j{ k|fyldsk|fylds ljBfnodfWolds ljBfnopRr dfWolds ljBfno_ tyf If]qut (71)

kdf -ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf, Onfsf tyf lgjf{rg If]q_ b]xfosf ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ljBfyL{ sIff cg'kft -k|lt sIff ljBfyL{ ;\Vof_ ljBfyL{ lzIfs cg'kft -k|lt lzIfs ljBfyL{ ;\Vof_ ljBfyL{ egf{ b/ (enrolment participation rate) ljBfno ljz]if -k"j{ k|fyldsk| f=lj=df=lj=_ !) ;"q = df s"n egf{ ljBfyL{ ;\Vof ) ljBfno ljz]ifdf hfg] ljBfyL{ pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;\Vof ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ (dropout rate) ljBfno jif{df ljBfno 5f8\g] ;"q = ljBfyL{ ;+Vof !)) ljBfno egf{ hg;\Vof ljBfno :yfkgfsf] nflu Go"gtd hg;\Vof (threshold population) rflxG5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf Go"gtd hg;\Vofsf] cefjdf x/]s j:tL jf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf dfWolds ljBfno ;~rfng ug{ ;lsFb}g . s'g} Ps If]qdf dfWolds ljBfno ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 eg] To; df=lj= If]qdf csf]{ df=lj= :yfkgf x'gf ;fy b'j} dfWolds ljBfno ;~rfng x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf klg k'Ug ;S5 . o:tf s'/fx klg Vofn ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM ljleGg txsf] ljBfnonfO{ rflxg] Go"gtd hg;\Vof lgwf{/0f ug'{sf ;fy} :yfkgf eO;s]sf ljBfnoxsf] If]q ls6fg u/L To:tf] If]qleq csf]{ ljBfno :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{nfO{ xtf]T;fx ;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM o;;DaGwL ;"rgfsf] ;+nsg tyf ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 . ljleGg txsf ljBfnodf k'Ug ljBfyL{n] slt 306f ofqf ug'{kg] { x'G5 ;f];DaGwL ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos 5 . ljz]if u/L sd pd]/ ;d"xsf ljBfyL{xnfO{ sd b"/L lxF8\g] u/L k| f=lj=sf] :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf o:tf] ;"rgf ljZn]if0faf6 a9L lxF8g\'kg]{ If]q tyf ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ug{ d2t k'Ug] x'G5 . ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL ePsf lhNnfxdf To; k| 0ffnLsf] ;"rgfaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Laf6 of] ;xh} ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o; lzif{s cGtu{t ljut % jif{df ;+rfng ul/Psf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;ldIff u/L pknlAw, ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . (72)

:jf:Yo
o; zLif{s cGtu/t lhNnf leq :jf:Yo;DaGwL jt{dfg l:ylt tyf ;d:ofsf] j0f{g ug{ lgDglnlvtsf] tYof+s l;h{gf ug{ ;lsG5 . sf]/f d[To'b/ (Crude Death Rate) k|lt xhf/ u0fgf jif{df ;a} k|sf/sf] sf/0faf6 ePsf] ;" = !))) s"n d[ts ;+Vof q u0fgf jif{sf] hg;\Vof lzz' d[To'b/ (Infant Mortality Rate) k|lt xhf/ u0fgf jif{df ! jif{ d'lg pd]/sf lzz'sf] s"n ;" = !))) d[ts ;+Vof q u0fgf jif{df s"n hLljt hGd ;+Vof afn d[To'b/ (Young Child Mortality Rate) k|lt xhf/ u0fgf jif{df !$ jif{ pd]/sf afnssf] s"n ;" = !))) d[ts ;+Vof q u0fgf jif{sf] !$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"x hg;\Vof dft[ d[To'b/ (Maternal Mortality Rate) k|lt nfv u0fgf jif{df cfdfsf] d[To' ;+Vof ;" = (Maternal Deaths) !,)),))) q u0fgf jif{df s"n lhljt hGd ;+Vof cf}ift hGdb/ -!((!!(*!_ !((! df )!$ !(*! df !%$$ pd]/ ;d"xsf] pd]/ ;d"xsf] ;" s"n hg;+Vof dlxnf hg;+Vof !) = q !(*! df !%$$ pd]/ ;d"xsf] dlxnf hg;+Vof

:jf:Yo;DaGwL ;d:ofxnfO{ lgDglnlvt ;"rsxsf] cfwf/df j0f{g ug'{k5{M lhNnfleq ;d:ofu|:t kdf /x]sf] !) k|d'v /f]ux tyf tL /f]uaf6 dg]{sf] ;\Vof -pknAw eP;Dd ljut % jif{sf] l:ylt / k|j[lt_ s'kf]if0f, sd tf}nsf] hGdg] lzz'xsf] k|ltzt ;/;kmfOsf] ;"rsM afnaflnsf -)$ jif{_ xdf emf8fkvfnf nfUg] b/ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kof{KttfM s]slt hg;\Vofsf] nflu :jf:YosdL{ -8fS6/, g;{, x]Ny cl;:6]G6, c=x]=j= cflb_,

(73)

x]N6 kf]i6, ;jx]N6 kf]i6, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, c:ktfn, cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwfno /x]sf] 5 . /f]u, d[To' tyf :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf] lhNnfleqsf] ljt/0f l:ylt (spatial distribution) . :jf:Yo s]Gb|xaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ :jf:Yo;DaGwL r]tgf hufpg] lzIff (education in health care) sf] d"Nof+sg . cf}ift cfo' .

o; lzif{s cGtu{t :jf:Yo If]qdf ljut % jif{df ;+rfng ul/Psf] cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff u/L pknlAw, ;d:of tyf ; +efjgfsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 .

v]ns'b tyf qmL*f:yn

(Recreation and Parks)

:yfgLo afl;Gbfxsf] :jf:Yo tyf dgf]/~hgsf nflu v'Nnf 7fpF (open space) sf] Joj:yf ug'{ :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|d'v bfloTj xf] . o:tf] v'nf If]q ljZj vfB ;+u7gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] :t/ (FAO Standard) cg';f/ k|lt !,))) hg;\Vofsf] nflu )=% b]lv # x]S6/;Dd x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . lhNnfleq s]slt v'Nnf If]q /x]sf] 5 ;f]sf] ljj/0f ;+sng u/L :yfgLo lgsfosf] lsl;d tyf Ifdtf adf]lhd ;fgf, demf}nf tyf 7"nf] kfs{sf] lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L ls6fg ug{sf nflu ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos 5 . v'nf If]qsf] u0fgf ubf{ j:tL, If]q tyf To;sf] glhs ePsf] v'nf If]qsf] dfq lx;fa ug'{kb{5 . sltko ;fj{hlgs hUuf -P]nfgL_ cglws[t kdf sAhf ul/Psf] jf ljBfno jf ;fj{hlgs ejg agfpg] k|rng /x]sf] kfOG5 . ctM o:tf hUufsf] nut lnO{ ;fj{hlgs v]ns'b, d}bfg, kfs{ tyf lqm8f:ynsf] kdf ljsf; ug]{ ;Defjgfsf] ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ . lhNnfleq /x]sf] wfld{s tyf P]ltxfl;s :yn (religious and historical sites) xn] ;d]t v'nf If]qsf] sfd ug]{ ePsfn] o:tf If]qsf] ljj/0f tyf ljsf;sf] ;d:of;DaGwL n]vfhf]vf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

;dfh sNof-f
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] &% jif{ k'u]sf ;dfhsf h]i7 gful/sx / ^) jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf c;xfo ljwjfxnfO{ Pjd\ zf/Ll/s kdf czQm eO{ sfd ug{ c;Ifd gful/sxnfO{ /fHosf] tkm{af6 (74)

;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|bfg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf dfl;s kdf s]xL eQf /sd k| bfg ul//x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf lhNnfleq o; pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;\Vof tyf To;sf] ef}uf]lns ljt/0fsf] ;"rgf tyf o:tf] eQf ljt/0f;DaGwL ;d:ofsf] n]vfhf]vf cfjZos b]lvG5 . ;fy} cgfyf>d, afncf>d, s'i7/f]u cf>d, cGwf, cfk\u, ljwjf cflbsf] s'g} cf>d ePdf ;f] ;d]tsf] tYof+s ;+sng u/L n]vfhf]vf ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} JolQmut 36gf btf{af6 b]lvPsf] l:yltnfO{ ;d]t o;df ;d]6\g' kb{5 .

;'/IffTds ;]jf
cfunfuL, af9L, dxfdf/Lh:tf] b}jLk|sf]k tyf cGo ljklQsf] a]nf tTsfn ;xof]u tyf ;]jf k'ofpg cfjZos x'G5 . ;fy} la/fdLxsf] nflu PDa'n]G; ;]jfsf] k|aGw ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] o;k|sf/sf] /IffTds ;]jf k|fKt ug{ cfjZos ug]{ k"jf{wf/ l;h{gf ug] { lbzfdf ePsf] ;d:ofsf] n]vfhf]vf o; zLif{sdf ug'{kg]{5 .

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] ljsf; l:ylt

xfd|f] b]zsf] ljsf;qmddf dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf lgs} k5fl8 k/]sf] 5 . To;}n] o; ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0f uxg kd x'g' cfjZos 5 . lhNnf leq dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt n}+lus kdf cnu cnu ljZn]if0f u/L lk5l8g'sf jf:tljs sf/0fx v'6\ofpg' kb{5 . ;fy} /fli6o l:ylt;Fu t'ngf ug]{ u/L t'ngfTds l:ylt tof/ ug'{k5{ . -cg';"rL%_ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg tyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gs]f p2]Zo, gLlt / efjgf cg';f/ ;dfhdf ljBdfg c;dfgtfsf] b'/L sd ug]{ / ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] :yfkgf ug{ cfjlws of]hgfn] :ki6 wf/0ff /fvL p2]Zo tyf sfo{gLlt to ul/g'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . o; sfo{sf nflu dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfxsf] l:yltnfO{ lhNnf:t/ / lhNnf leq klg s'g} ljz]if If]qdf ljz]if kl/l:ylt /x]df To;sf] hfgsf/L tYo tYof+s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / cfly{s kl/j]zdf ljZn]if0f u/L pko'Qm gLlt th'{df ul/g' kg] { x'G5 . tL gLltxnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg ;fwf/0f sfo{qmd / ljz]if sfo{qmdxsf] dfWodaf6 cfjlws of]hgf leqdf dlxnfk'?if / afnaflnsfaLrsf] b'/L slt sd ug{ ;lsG5

(75)

:ki6 ;"rsf+ssf cfwf/df nIo tf]Sg] kl/kf6L a;fpg ljz]if kl/R5]bsf] Joj:yf ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 . dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] l:yltnfO{ lgDglnlv d'Vo lzif{sxdf /fvL ljZn]if0f ul/g' kb{5 . -!_ z}lIfs l:ylt dlxnf ;fIf/tf k|ltzt afn / aflnsf egf{ b/ afn / afnaflnsf aLrsf] egf{ b/sf] b'/L -k| ltztdf_ aflnsf ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ lzIfslzlIfsf ;+Vof k|lt lzIfs afnaflnsf ; +Vof dlxnf k'?if lzIfs cg'kftk|fylds, lgDgdfWolds, dfWolds :t/ -@_ :jf:Yo l:ylt dft[ d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ k|hgg :jf:Yo dft[ ;]jfsf] l:ylt hGdfGt/ l:ylt vf]k (TT), cfof]8fOH8 g"g lng]xsf] ;+Vof ;'/lIft dft[Tj :jf:YosdL{sf] /]vb]vdf lzz' hGd -#_ /f]huf/ l:ylt pTkfbglzn (productive) sfo{df dlxnfx M cf}krfl/s s[lif, pBf]u sfo{ ;+nUgtf / cgf}krfl/s sfo{df ;]jf, Joj;fo cflbdf ; +nUgtf af/] ljZn]if0f ug]{ . -s_ :ofxf/ ;+ef/ sfo{df dlxnfxsf] e"ldsfM afnaflnsfxsf] x]/rfx, 3/]n' wGbf, r'nf], rf}sf, hfFtf] l9sL, ;/;kmfO, kfgL cf];fg]{ cflb -v_ /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf :yfgLo :t/ j8f uflj; lhlj; /fli6o :t/ ;+;b k|ltlglw;ef

(76)

 /fli6o;ef /fhgLlts;fd'bflos sfo{ community role M cf}krfl/s kdf k|ltlglwTj ;d"x a}7s, /fhgLlts eft[ ;+u7gdf k|ltlglwTj cflb -u_ cfly{s pTkfbg If]qdf k|ToIf /f]huf/ z}lIfs If]q k|zf;lgs gf]s/L Jofkf/ pBdL -$_ j}jflxs l:ylt ljjfxsf] pd]/ -cf};t_ 5f]8kq (divorce) ;\Vof jf b/ ljw'jf, kl/ToQmf ;+Vof jf b/
(violence) l:ylt

-%_ dlxnf 3/d'nL ;+Vof -^_ 3/]n';fdflhs pTkL8g -&_ cgf}krfl/s If]qsf] /f]huf/ l:ylt -*_ dlxnf a]rlavg tyf >lds l:ylt / sf/0f -(_ k'gM:yflkt dlxnf ;+Vof / k'gM:yfkgf ug]{ ;+:yfx -!)_ dlxnf lj?4 x'g] e]befj ;DaGwL ;fdflhs s'/Llt / k/Dk/fsf] lrq0f -!!_ ljleGg ;]jf ;'ljwfxdf kx'Fr, ;xeflutf / ;fwg ;|f]t dflysf] lgoGq0f Joj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ afnaflnsfsf] hg;+Vof )! jif{sf] afnaflnsf -afns _ _ -aflnsf -aflnsf -afns aflnsf _ _ _ _ !% jif{sf] afnaflnsf -afns ^!% jif{sf] afnaflnsf vf]k l:ylt BCG/DPT/Polio le6fldg P, cfof]l8g afn >lds l:ylt afn;/f]sf/ s]Gb|xsf] ;+Vof / k'ofO/x]sf] ;]jf afnpBfgkfs{ / lqm8f:yn (77)

cgfy afnaflnsf ;8s afnaflnsf lzz' sIff afnaflnsf ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs hfu/0f l:ylt / afn clwsf/ lhNnf n}\lus ljsf; l:ylt ;"rs
GDI

pk]lIft, pTkLl*t, blnt tyf hghfltsf] l:ylt

;dfhdf ;fdflhs / cfly{s kn] lk5l8Psf hfthflt / k/Dk/fsfnb]lv g} ckx]lnt, pk]lIft ju{sf] jf:tljs lhNnfut j:t'l:ylt kQf nufO{ ltgLxsf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs l:yltsf] ljZn]if0faf6 ltgLxsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg / ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf u/fpg ;d]t cfjlws of]hgfaf6 ;3fp k'Ug hfg] p2]Zon] 5'} kl/R5]b /fVg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf / lhNnf leqsf ljz]if If]qdf s'g hflt, s'g hghflt / s'g k| sf/sf blnt tyf pk]lIft ju{sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5, :Ki6 p2]Zo / sfo{gLlt lgwf{/0f u/L tbg';f/ nlIft / ;fwf/0f kl/k"/s sfo{qmdx th'{df ug{ ;3fp k'Ug hfg]5 . o;/L sfo{qmd th'{df ug{ tL hflt hghfltnfO{ kl/nlIft u/L tYof+ssf dfWodaf6 l:ylt ljZn]if0f ug{ h?/L x'G5 . pk]lIft, pTkLl8t, blnt tyf hghfltsf] l:yltnfO{ lgDglnlvt zLif{sdf /fvL ljZn]if0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . != -s_ pk]lIft, pTkLl8t, blntsf] lsl;d hflt / y/ cg';f/ juL{s/0f ug]{ ;+Vof kl/jf/ dlxnfk'?if -y/ / hflt cg';f/_ -v_ hghfltsf] lsl;d hft / y/ cg';f/ juL{s/0f ug]{ ;+Vof kl/jf/ hg;+Vof -dlxnfk'?if_ @= z}lIfs l:ylt ;fIf/tf b/ -blnt, pk]lIft / pTkLl8tsf] / hghflt, cflbjf;Lsf] 5'f5'} /fVg]_ #= ul/jLsf] :t/ M ul/jLsf] /]vf d'lg /x]sf kl/jf/ ;+Vof -ul/jLsf] /]vf d'lg lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df_ $= /f]huf/ l:ylt k]zf (78) cgf}krfl/s cf}krfl/s

s[lif gf]s/L b]z leq / aflx/ v]tLkftL ;dosf] Hofnfbf/L z}lIfs If]q ;]jf Joj;fo cfg} jf csf{sf] pBf]uJoj;fodf sfd ug]{ %= :jf:Yo l:ylt ^= ;fd'bflos / /fhgLlts lqmofsnfkdf ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj -s_ ;d'bfo :t/ ;d"x;+:yf tyf ;xsf/Ldf k|ltlglwTj -v_ :yfgLo :t/df k|ltlglwTj lgjf{lrtdgf]lgt -u_ s]Gb|Lo :t/df k|ltlglwTj lgjf{lrtdgf]lgt -&_ kx'rM ljleGg ;fwg ;|f]t;Ddsf] kx'Fr l:ylt, ;xeflutfsf] :t/ / lgoGq0fsf] dfWod o;/L ljZn]if0f u/L b]lvPsf ;"rgfsf cfwf/df pk]lIft, pTkLl8t, blnt tyf hghfltsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g] nlIft sfo{qmdxsf] th'{dfdf ul/g'k5{ .

4.4.11 jg tyf jftfj/-f Joj:yfkg

o; lzif{s cGtu{t b]xfosf If]qxsf] jt{dfg cj:yf, ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfxsf] ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{5 . jg If]qsf] l:ylt jg ;+/If0f tyf h}ljs ljljwtf jg pTkfbg tyf ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf u|fdL0f tyf zx/L jftfj/0f l:ylt kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg e"b[Zo Joj:yfkg
(landscape management)

jg If]qsf] l:ylt
o; lzif{s cGtu{t lhNnf leq s] slt jg If]q /x]sf] 5 < jg If]qdWo] jgn] 9fs]sf] If]q (forest canopy) slt 5 < 3fF;] d}bfg (grassland) slt 5 < v'nf If]q (deforested land) slt 5 < s'g} klg lsl;dsf] jg k}bfjf/ glgsfNg] u/L ;+/lIft jg (protection forest) sf]

(79)

kdf s] slt jg ;+/lIft ul/Psf] 5 -kfs{, ;/sf/L jg cflb_ < Joj;flos kn] pTkfbg lng ;lsg] u/L pTkfbg jg (production forest) sf] kdf s] slt jg /flvPsf] 5 -;/sf/L jg, lghL jg, ;fd'bflos jg, lnh jg cflb_ < ;f] sf] ljj]rgf u/L jg If]qsf] ;d:of tyf ; +efjgfxsf] ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ .

jg ;+/If-f tyf h}ljs ljljwtf

o; lzif{s cGtu{t jg ;+/If0fsf s] s:tf ultljlw ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 < ;+/If0f jg leq s] s:tf hflt k|hfltsf jg:klt tyf hLjhGt'x kfOG5g\ < jg ;+/If0f tyf h}ljs ljljwtfdf ;Gt'ng Nofpg] ljifodf s] s:tf ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx 5g\ ;f] sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . o;df jg kmF8fgL tyf sf7 rf]/L tyf rf]/L lzsf/L (poaching) sf] ;d:ofsf] ;d]t ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ .

jg pTkfbg tyf ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf

o; zLif{s cGtu{t b]xfosf ljifoxsf] ljZn]if0f u/L jt{dfg l:ylt, ;d:of tyf ;+efjgfxsf] ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{5 . ;fd'bflos jgsf] If]qkmn, cfDbfgL, jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx sf7 (timber) pTkfbg, dfu tyf cfk"lt{, /fh:j u}/ sf7 jg pTkfbg (NTFP), dfu tyf cfk"lt{, /fh:j bfp/f (fuelwood) pTkfbg, dfu tyf cfk"lt{, /fh:j bfp/f a]rL hLljsf]kfh{g ug]{ ;d"x tyf jg ljgf; j}slNks phf{, w'Fjf/lxt r'Nxf]sf] ljsf; tyf jg ; +/If0f

u|fdL-f tyf zx/L jftfj/-f l:ylt

u|fdL0f tyf zx/L If]qsf] jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofx leGbfleGb} x'gfn] 5'f5'} kdf jftfj/0fLo If]qsf] jt{dfg l:ylt, ;d:of tyf ; +efjgfxsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . u|fdL0f If]qtkm{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf :yfg v'Ng] u/L b]xfosf] ljifosf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . ljiffbL tyf ljB't t/+u k|of]u u/L df5f dfg]{ k| rng kfgL d'xfgsf] k|b"if0f (80)

e"ldut hn ;tx ;Gt'ng cf}Bf]lus k|b"if0f rkL{sf] sdLsf] sf/0f x'g] k|b"if0f e":vng, af9L tyf klx/f] s[lif e"ldsf] pTkfbsTjdf x|f; vf]nf, gbL tyf tfn k|b"if0f

zx/L jftfj/0ftkm{ gu/kflnsf tyf %))) eGbf a9L hg;\Vof /x]sf] j:tL ljz]ifdf b]xfosf] ljifosf] ljZn]if0f ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . ;jf/L ;fwg ;\Vof, 6flkms rfk tyf ;f]af6 ePsf] jfo' tyf Wjlg k|b"if0f pBf]uxsf] :yn tyf cf}Bf]lus k|b"if0f 9n tyf gfnf Joj:yfkg tyf ;f]af6 l;h{gf ePsf] k| b"if0f vf]nf, gbL tyf tfn k|b"if0f e"ldut (underground) hn ;tx ;Gt'ng

_n lgsf;

(Sewage/Drainage)

/ kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg

vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] ljZn]if0f ;Fu;Fu} 9n lgsf;;DaGwL Joj:yf cfjZos /xG5 . ljz]if u/L 3gfhg;\Vof ePsf] j:tL tyf gu/If]qdf 3/fozL k|of]ukl5 aflxl/g] kfgL (domestic sewage) tyf jiff{tsf] kfgLsf] lgsf; (storm runoff) sf] Joj:yf ug'{ h?/L x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf] ;d:of ePsf gu/ tyf j:tLxsf] ;"rgf ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 . ;fy} kmf]x/d}nfsf] pTkfbg slt 5, To;sf] agfj6 s:tf] 5, 3/ kl/jf/df s;/L Jojl:yt ug]{ rng 5 < ; +sng / clGtd yfGsf] s;/L nufpg] ul/Psf] 5 < o;sf] Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx s] s] 5g\ < kmf]x/d}nfsf] jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yodf s] s:tf] c;/ kfl//fv]sf] 5 cflb ;DaGwL tYof+s / ;"rgf ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . o; zLif{s cGtu{t gu/kflnsf tyf sDtLdf %))) ;Dd hg;\Vof ePsf] d'Vo j:tLdf kmf]xf]/d}nf ;DaGwL ;d:of tyf Joj:yfkgsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . pNn]lvt :yfgxdf ;]6L 6}+s ePsf] rkL{x lgdf{0f ug]{ k|rng s] s:tf] 5 < 9n (sewage) nfO{ :jR5 (treatment) ul/Psf] 5 5}g < 3/af6 s] slt kl/df0fdf kmf]xf]/d}nf lg:sG5 / ;f]sf] ;\sng tyf Joj:yfkg s]

(81)

s;/L eO/x]sf] 5 ;f] sf] ljj]rgf u/L xfnsf] l:ylt, ;d:of tyf ; +efjgfsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 .

e"b[Zo Joj:yfkg

(Landscape Management)

kxf8, lxdfn, gbL lsgf/, tfn, tn}of, jg h\un tyf 7"nf kmfF6x x]bf{ cfsif{s tyf /d0fLo x'G5g\ . o:tf /d0fLo :ynxn] ko{6sxnfO{ cfsif{0f ug]{ x'G5 . o:tf :ynxdf dfgjLo ultljlw a9\gf;fy ljsf; ultljlwx ;~rfngdf cfpg] / ;f]af6 e"b[Zo vNalng] x'Fbf ;f]sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg h?/L x'G5 . lhNnf leq o:tf dgdf]xs /d0fLo :ynx (attractive physiographic features) sxfF sxfF, s] s:tf] cj:yfdf 5g\ < ltgLxsf] cfsif{0fnfO{ cIf'0o /fVg] ljifodf s] s:tf ;d:of tyf ; +efjgfx /x]sf 5g\ ;f] sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 .

4.4.12 ;+:yfut ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogdf k| efjsfl/tf Nofpg cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf cjlw leq s] slt ;|f]t pknAw x'g ;S5, cfof]hgfx sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lhNnf:t/df k| fljlws Ifdtf (technological capacity) tyf Joj:yfksLo bIftf (managerial efficiency) s:tf] 5 eGg] ljifodf n]vfhf]vf u/L ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ljj]rgf o; lzif{scGtu{t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . dfly pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ o; lzif{snfO{ lgDglnlvt tLg pklzif{sdf ljeQm u/L ljZn]if0f ug{ pko'Qm x'g]5 . != ljQLo ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if0f @= :yfgLo k|fljlws Ifdtf ljZn]if0f #= of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog Ifdtf ljZn]if0f $= cGt/lhNnf ;DaGw

(82)

ljQLo ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if-f

s'g} klg of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu tof/ ul/g] x'Fbf of]hgf tyf sfof{GjogaLrsf] vf8n (gap) hlt Go"g ug{ ;lsof] Tolt g} of]hgf ;kmn dflgG5 . of]hgf cjlwe/df cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo ;| f]t (demand) tyf pknAw x'g] ljQLo ;|f]t (supply) aLrsf] km/snfO{ Go"gtd /fVgsf nflu pknAw ;|f]tsf cfwf/df of]hgf tof/ ug]{ xf] jf of]hgf tof/ u/]kl5 cfjZos ;|f]tsf] vf]hL ug] { xf] eGg] ljifodf sltko lhNnfxdf cGof]n /x]sf] b]lvG5 . xfn s]xL lhNnfxn] pknAw x'g ;Sg] ljQLo ;|f]tsf] %)^) k| ltzt;Dd a9L x'g] u/L of]hgf th'{df u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . cflhljof]df ;|f]tsf] nflu dfu tyf cfk"lt{aLrsf] olt 7"nf] vf8n (financial gap) s;/L x6fpg] xf] ;f] sf] ljZj;gLo cfwf/ tyf ;|f]t h'6fpg] pko'Qm / 7f]; /0fgLlt of]hgf th'{dfs} a]nf vf]lhg'kg]{ x'G5 . s]Gb|sf] bfFhf]df lhNnfsf] cfGtl/s tyf afXo ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ Ifdtf ck]Iffs[t kdf lgs} sd x'g] x'Fbf lhNnfnfO{ ljut kfFr jif{leq s] slt ljQLo ;|f]t pknAw x'g ;Sof] / ;f]sf] cf}ift j[l4b/ slt lyof] < ljut % jif{df cfGtl/s tyf jfXo ;|f]t kl/rfng slt eof] < / ;f]sf] cf};t j[l4b/ slt lyof] < ljut % jif{df s] slt hg;xeflutf kl/rfng x'g ;Sof] < lghL tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 ljut % jif{df cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/sf] ;[hgfdf s] slt /sd kl/rfng x'g ;Sof] tyf ;f]sf] cf}ift j[l4b/ slt lyof] cflbsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f u/L (regression analysis) cflhljof] cjlwdf s] slt ljQLo ;|f]t pknAw x'g ;S5 ;f] sf] k|If]k0f (projection) ug'{k5{ . o;sf cfwf/df dfq cflhljof]sf] nIfx lgwf{/0f ug'{ a9L Jofjxfl/s x'g]5 . tyflk ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff eg]sf] ljutdf hlt ul/of] ;f]xL ultdf cufl8 a9\g' eGbf (trend scenario) yk k|of; u/L cufl8 a9\g' xf] (development scenario) ctM ljBdfg :yfgLo Ifdtfdf clej[l4 u/L s]xL ;|f]t vf8n (resource gap) nfO{ yk ljQLo ;fwg (financial instruments) af6 k"lt{ ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf :yfgLo :jzf;g P]g tyf lgodn] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/ If]qnfO{ k|of]u u/L s] slt yk cfGtl/s ;|f]t kl/rfng ug{ ;lsG5 tyf s] slt yk hg;xeflutf kl/rfng ug{ ;lsG5 ;f] sf] ;Defjgfsf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 . cflhljof] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu pknAw x'g] ;|f]tsf] cg'dfg ubf{ cflhljof]sf] b]xfocg';f/sf] cfGtl/s tyf jfXo jftfj/0fleq (83)

;d]6\g] lgsfo tyf sfo{qmdsf] ljut % jif{df ePsf] cfDbfgL jf ljlgof]hgsf] cfwf/ lng'k5{ . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;|f]t tyf cfo sfof{Gjog ul/Psf sfo{qmddf kl/rfng ePsf] hg;xeflutf ljifout sfof{noxaf6 sfof{Gjog ePsf] lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{qmddf ljlgof]lht /sd ljifout sfof{noxaf6 sfof{Gjog ePsf] s]Gb|Lo:t/ sfo{qmddf ljlgof]lht /sd u};;xn] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug] { sfo{qmddf vr{ u/]sf] /sd lghL If]qn] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug] { sfo{qmddf nufgL u/]sf] /sd lhNnfsf] ;f+;b ;b:oxaf6 kl/rfng x'g] /sd

o; ;DaGwL tYof+s ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ;xof]uL x'g] s]xL gd"gf kmf/fdx cg';"rL^ -s, v, u, 3_ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;|f]t tyf cfo

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;|f]tnfO{ s/ (tax), u}/s/ (non-tax) tyf cg'bfg, ;xof]u tyf /fh:j afF8kmfF8 (grants, aids and allotment) u/L tLg efudf afF8\g ;lsG5 h;dWo] s/ tyf u}/s/ /fh:j lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfGtl/s cfo;|f]t (local income) xf] . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgdfojnLdf ePsf] Joj:yf cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ; 8s, af6f], k'n, l;FrfO, s'nf] tyf kf]v/Lsf] k| of]upkef]ustf{xaf6 s/ p7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ;fy} vf]6f], hl8a'6L, jgs;, sjf8L, pmg, 9'\uf, :n]6, afn'jf, d[t hgfj/sf] xf8, l;, KjfFv tyf 5fnf ;\snsxaf6 s/ p7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . pNn]lvt s/x ljut % jif{df s] slt ;+sng eof], p7]sf] s/ /fh:j / ;f]sf] jflif{s j[l4b/sf] cfwf/df pNn]lvt s/sf ;| f]tx sltsf] l:y/ jf ljZj;gLo (stable) 5g\, s/ p7fpg] ljlw (tax collection methods) s] s:tf] 5, p7]sf] s/ cfDbfgL afFWg] tyf s/ p7\g ;s] g;s]sf] x]g]{ k|0ffnL (reporting system) s:tf] 5, s] slt s/ p7fpg g;sL afFsL jSof}tf /x]sf] 5 / s/ c;'nL b/ s:tf] 5 ;f]sf] ljZnif0f u/L s/ kl/rfng If]qdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfxsf] klxrfg u/L yk s/ p7fpg] tyf s/sf] c;'nL b/df clej[l4 ug{ ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/ sfo{x ;d]t nlIft u/L ;f]sf]

(84)

cfwf/df cflhljof] cjlwe/ s] slt s/ tyf u}/s/ /fh:j cfDbfgL x'g ;S5 ;f]sf] k|If]k0f ug'{k5{ . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ljsf; tyf sfo{qmd cg'bfgsf] kdf ah]6 tyf lhG;L ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] k|fKt ug]{ b:t'/ tyf /f]oN6Lsf] tf]lsPsf] k|ltzt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] sfg"gL k|fjwfg ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ s] s:tf] cg'bfg, ;xof]u tyf /fh:j afF8kmfF8 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;f]sf] jflif{s j[l4b/ slt 5, ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lbPsf] jflif{scfjlws l;ln ;d]tsf]cfwf/df cflhljof] cjlwe/ k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg, ;xof]u tyf /fh:j afF8kmfF8sf] k|If]k0f ug'{k5{ . -cg';"rL&_
l h l j ; s
R e v e n

f] c
u e

fl y { s

; |f ]t

s T ; k l; k v s p ( x % * s

/ a x

u } s / / o n - t a x

c G

g 'b f g , ; r a n t s ,

x o f ]u , A i d s

/ fh : j a f k m 8 & A l l o t m b : t '/ z t ; Dd _ f ]o N ^ L

a f^ f] s / c lt ly u [x , k ': t s f n# o h , Uw u d f { / l f hn i f ^ g / z ]z s / ; e f u [x c f l b s f ] ; ]j - k f f z b'N ]ls v r g A a ] k |l t r + f O s 'n f ] s / s 'n f ], k } L , a f + g w c f v b sf g fL ]a ; f ^]j f p z & 'N]s s f ] / l f ]v / L s / h n l a x f / , * '+ f t y f - 5t 0'O g k |l rt zn tf p _ g ] u f ]^ f ], h l * a '^ L , j c g gs 'd ; l t s t /y f g j L s / j ) gf b k : } t f j'/ f / / f ]o N ^ b j f* L s / d f % f d f g ]{ c g 'd l t t l jy Bf g't j p L s T k / f b) fg b u: [x t g s / k f g L # ^ \^ b t f { t y f g t j y L fs ; / + f f nb :g t '/ f ]o N r) u '+ f , : n ]^ , a f n 'j l ;f sk m /f l / z b : t '/ lj s f; c g 'b f g f* , l; , Kj f+ v a s f n/ 'j f , ( '+ f , : n ]^ , k l u ^f ; L l lga s q mLc g 'b f g u |z fn f s / d f ^ f ] l a q mL s f o { md q c g 'b f g b x Q / a x Q / l a q mL j : t 'u t c g 'b f g : y f g Lo lj s f; z d f n k f ]t 'n

L - 1 0 k |= z = _ '/ l g d f { f ) ^ L - 1 0 k |= z

'N s

sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf kl/rfng ePsf] hg;xeflutf l:ylt ljZn]if-f tyf k|If]k-f
:yfgLo:t/df sfof{Gjog x'g] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ a9LeGbf a9L :yfgLo afl;Gbfxsf] ;xeflutf / >d kl/rfng x'g ;Sg] ;d]t cfwf/ lng'kg]{ Joj:yf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLn] u/]sf] x'Fbf pkef]Qmfxaf6 gub, j:t'ut >d / To:t} cGo of]ubfg kl/rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf lhNnfsf] gLlt, /0fgLltsf] ;dLIff ug'{kb{5 . lhNnf:t/df ljut % jif{df s] (85)

slt d"No a/fa/sf] hg;xeflutf kl/rfng x'g ;Sof], hg;xeflutfsf] jflif{s j[l4b/ s:tf] 5, s] s:tf] cfof]hgfxdf hg;xeflutf a9L p7\g ;Sg] tyf s] s:tf cfof]hgfxdf hg;xeflutf sd p7\g] ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . ;fy} hg;xeflutf kl/rfngdf b]lvPsf ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfsf] ljj]rgf ug'{sf ;fy} cflhljof] cjlwdf lng'kg] { gLlt / /0fgLltsf] pNn]v u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df s] slt d"No a/fa/sf] hg;xeflutf kl/rfng x'g ;Sg] xf] ;f]sf] k|If]k0f ug'{k5{ . -cg';"rL&_

lhNnf:t/Lo ljifout sfo{qmddf nufgL l:ylt tyf k|If]k-f

lhNnfl:yt ljleGg ljifout sfof{no tyf ;+:yfgxn] ;+rfng u/]sf lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{qmd, cfof]hgf jf ultljlwxsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pNn]lvt sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] s'n nfut tyf ljifout lgsfoxdf ljut % jif{df jif]{gL ljgof]lht ah]6sf] ljZn]if0f u/L lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmddf k|fKt ah]6sf] j[l4b/sf] u0fgf u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cflhljof] cjlwd/df k|bfg ug]{ ah]6 cg'dfg -l;ln\_ sf] cfwf/df ;d]t lhNnf:t/Lo ljifout sfo{qmdsf] ah]6 k|If]k0f ug'{k5{ . -cg';"rL&_

s]Gb|Lo:t/ ljifout sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfdf nufgL l:ylt tyf k|If]k-f

lhNnfl:yt ljleGg ljifout sfof{no, ;+:yf tyf cfof]hgfxn] ; +rfng u/]sf s]Gb|Lo:t/ sfo{qmdsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pNn]lvt sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] s"n nfut ljut % jif{df jif]{gL ljlgof]lht ah]6sf] ljZn]if0f u/L s]Gb|Lo:t/ sfo{qmddf k|fKt ah]6sf] j[l4b/sf] u0fgf u/L cflhljof] cjlwe/df s]Gb|Lo:t/ ljifout sfo{qmddf k|fKt x'g ;Sg] ah]6sf] k|If]k0f ug{ ;lsG5 . -cg';"rL^_

u};;x?n] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug] { sfo{qmddf u/]sf] nufgL tyf k|If]k-f
lhNnfsf] ljsf; sfo{df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx k|d'v lx:;]bf/ (partner) sf] kdf /x]sf 5g\ . sltko u};;xn] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s k"FhL lgdf{0f tyf dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ;d]t lb+b} cfPsf 5g\ . lhNnfdf sfo{/t ljleGg :yfgLo tyf cGt/f{li6o u};;xn] ljut % jif{df s] s:tf ultljlw ;+rfng (86)

u/]sf 5g\ . ;f]sf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pNn]lvt ultljlwx ;+rfng ug{ ljut % jif{sf] cjlwdf k|To]s jif{ s] slt ah]6 vr{ u/]sf] xf] ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f u/L jflif{s j[l4b/sf] u0fgf u/L cflhljof] cjlwe/df u};; If]qaf6 cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug] { sfo{df pknAw x'g ;Sg] ;|f]tsf] k|If]k0f ug'{kg]{5 . o;sf nflu u};;x;Fu ;dGjo u/L 5'} sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 . o; ;DaGwL ;dli6ut tYof+s b]vfpg] Pp6f gd"gf cg';"rL* df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

lghL If]qn] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug] { sfo{qmddf u/]sf] nufgL tyf k|If]k-f
k"FhL (capital), t/n (liquid) tyf l:y/ (fixed) b''j} x'g ;S5 . t/n k"FhLnfO{ ejg, e"ld, :6Sr/ cflbsf] kdf l:y/ ;DklQ (fixed assets) df kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fj{hlgs If]qaf6 t/n k"FhLnfO{ l:y/ k"FhLdf kl/jt{g ul/of] eg] To;nfO{ k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f (infrastructure) elgG5 eg] lghL If]qaf6 x'g] o;k|sf/sf] kl/jt{gnfO{ nufgL (investment) elgG5 . ahf/ cy{Joj:yfdf ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf lghL If]qsf] nufgL lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tyf jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ul/lbg' klg xf] . ;fdfGotof t/n k"FhLnfO{ l:y/t k"FhLdf kl/jt{g u/L k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{ sfo{ ;/sf/L If]qsf] eP tfklg xfnsf jif{xdf lghL If]qnfO{ k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{, lglZrt cjlwe/ ;f] k"jf{wf/ ;+rfng u/L nfut p7fpg] / To;kl5 To:tf k"jf{wf/ ;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ u/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg u/fpg] ul/Psf] 5 . o;k|sf/sf] Joj:yfnfO{ lgdf{0f, ;+rfng tyf x:tfGt/0f (build, operate and transfer/BOT) elgG5 . lghL If]q ljz]ifu/L Joj;foL ju{ (business membership organization) sf] kdf /x]sf] lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 tyf ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]u ;+3xn] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf x'g] vfnsf sfo{qmdx ;d]t ;+rfng u/]sf 5g\ . ctM ljut % jif{df lghL If]qn] o:tf sfo{qmdxdf s] slt nufgL u/]sf 5g\ -cg';"rL &_ . BOT k|0ffnLnfO{ lj:tf/ ug{ s] s:tf ;d:ofx 5g\, s] s:tf sfo{qmdx BOT k|0ffnL cGtu{t ;+rfng x'g ;S5 ;f]sf] ;d]t ljj]rgf u/L cflhljof] cjlwe/ lghL If]qaf6 cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug{sf nflu pknAw x'g ;Sg] nufgLsf] k|If]k0f ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu lghL If]q;Fu ;dGjo u/L 5'} sfo{zfnf (87)

uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 . o;sf cfwf/df lghL If]qsf] nufgLsf If]q / k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ul/lbg'k5{ .

:yfgLo hgzlQm tyf k|fljlws Ifdtf ljZn]if-f

cflhljof] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lhNnfdf pknAw hgzlQm tyf k| fljlws Ifdtfsf] ljj]rgf u/L ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx klxNofpg' k5{ . of]hgf th'{df, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf nflu ljleGg dxTjk"0f{ tYof+s tyf ;"rgfx cfjZos k5{ t/ o:tf ;"rgf tyf tYof+sxsf] ;[hgf tyf ljZn]if0f x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f lhNnfdf ljsf; Joj:yfkgdf k|efjsfl/tf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . ctM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf lhNnfl:yt ljifout sfof{noxsf] tYof+s Joj:yfkg Ifdtf (data management capability) tyf cg'udgd"Nof+sg Ifdtf (monitoring and evaluation capability) sf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;d:ofx :ki6 kn] klxrfg ug'{k5{ . of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ Ifdtf lhNnfdf s:tf] 5 ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f dxTjk"0f{ 5 . o;sf] nflu ;j{k|yd ljut % jif{df ljsf; cfof]hgfxsf] ef}lts k|ultsf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 . nIoadf]lhd k|ult xfl;n ug{ lsg ;lsPg < lhNnfdf k|fljlws hgzlQm b/aGbL adf]lhd pknAw 5g\ 5}gg\ jf slt ;dob]lv l/Qm /x]sf] 5 < s] s:tf] sfo{sf nflu hgzlQm lhNnfdf pknAw 5}gg\ / o;af6 nIoadf]lhd k|ult xfl;n ug{ k/]sf] ;d:ofaf/] ljj]rgf / ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . ;fy} lhNnfdf xfn pknAw / eljiodf x'g] dfu tyf cfk"lt{ l:yltsf] cf+sng ug'{k5{ . pknAw hgzlQmsf xsdf s'g txsf hgzlQmn] s:tf] tflnd kfPsf 5g\, ;f] ;d]t ;d]6L lhNnfsf] hgzlQm ljsf; of]hgf tof/ ug'{k5{ . eljiosf nflu cfjZos hgzlQmsf] l:yltsf cfwf/df yk cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf cfjZos ePdf ;f] ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog Ifdtf ljZn]if-f

lhNnfdf ljsf; sfo{df ;+nUg lgsfoxsf] of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog k|lqmof s:tf] 5 < :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof lhNnfdf :yflkt ePsf] 5, 5}g < tYof+sLo cfwf/ / cBfjlws ug]{ k4lt slQsf] bl/nf] (88)

5 < tYof+ssf] pkof]u, k|rf/ k|;f/, n]gb]g / ;femf pkof]usf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 < ;xeflutfTds of]hgf k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg s] s:tf] ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 < pNn]lvt ;+:yfut Joj:yfdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg s] s:tf] hgzlQm tyf k|lqmofsf] cjnDjg ul/Psf] 5 < ;f] sf] ljj]rgf x'g cfjZos 5 . lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] ;a} ljifox (sector) ;d]6\g] x'Fbf of] Ps PsLs[t ax'ljifos ljsf; of]hgf (integrated multi-sectoral development) xf] . o;sf] th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfoxaLr ;dGjo tyf ;Dks{ x'g' h?/L 5 . lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'[df tyf sfof{Gjogdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] e"ldsf cu|0fL x'G5 . ctM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] c;dembf/L (misunderstanding) tyf c;xdlt (disagreement) x6fpg ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfoxaLr lg/Gt/ ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg x'g] u/L cGt/lqmof (communication) sf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;fy} cK7\of/f] kl/l:ylt (bottleneck situation) tyf d'Vo d'Vo d'2fx (key areas) df ultljlw s]Gb|Lt ug{ ljleGg sfo{qmd tyf ultljlwxaLr ;fd~h:o (harmony) Nofpg ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfonfO{ k|]l/t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf] nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ;dGjo tyf ;+hfn (coordination and networking) k| 0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . o; kl/k|]Iodf ljut % jif{df s] s:tf k| of;x ePsf 5g\ < o:tf] k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] lbzfdf s] s:tf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx /x]sf 5g\ ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;+:yfut ;dGjo tyf ;+hfnsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ lgDgadf]lhd lgsfoxn] s] s:tf sfo{qmd tyf ;]jf ;'ljwf ;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ / oL sfof{noxsf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf cGo sfof{no;Fu ;DaGw, ;dGjo tyf ;+rf/ s:tf] 5 < tyf s;/L ePsf] 5 < eGg] s'/f ljZn]if0fsf] qmddf :ki6 cfpg' h?/L 5 . ;fy} ;f]sf] k|efj ;+rflnt sfo{qmd tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ s:tf] k/]sf] 5 ;f] ;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds l6Kk0fL u/L ;d:of tyf ;dfwfg klxNofpg'kg]{ x'G5 . != u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx -:yfgLo, /fli6o, cGt/f{li6o_ @= ;xsf/L, pkef]Qmf ;d"x, :jfjnDjL ;+:yf, art tyf C0f ;d"x cflb h:tf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx (community based
organization including cooperatives, users group, self-help groups, saving credit group)

#= a}\ls tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx -jfl0fHo a}+s, ljsf; a}+s, ljQ sDkgL cflb_

(89)

$= Jofkf/ tyf Joj;foL ;d"x -pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, xf]6n ;+3, oftfoft Joj;fo ;+3, lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3, n]vfk/LIf0f ; +:yf, sfg"g Joj;foL, cGo_ %= :yfgLo lgsfox -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsf_ ^= ljifout sfof{nox tyf ;+:yfx ;|f]t pkof]u l:yltM :yfgLo lgsfoxsf] ah]6 vr{sf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;|f]t pkof]u l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . o;sf] nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf] ljifodf ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{5 . -cg';"rL^s, ^v, ^u, ^3_ sd{rf/L, :yfgLo lgsfo kbflwsf/L, cfly{s ;xof]u, e}k/L tyf k"FhL lgdf{0fdf s] slt cg'kftdf vr{ ePsf] 5 lzif{sut vr{ ljZn]if0f :yfgLo lgsfosf] ljlgof]hg, lgsf;f tyf vr{sf] b/ ;~rflnt cfof]hgfxsf] ;\Vof, cfsf/ tyf lsl;d tyf cfof]hgf ;DkGg ug]{ b/ a]?h' /sd, a]?h' j[l4 b/ tyf km5\of}{6sf] l:ylt ufpF ljsf; ;ldltgu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s ;|f]t tyf cfo tyf pkof]u b/

cGt/lhNnf ;DaGw

(Inter-district relationship)

sltko ljsf; ;d:ofxsf] lg/fs/0fsf nflu l5d]sL lhNnfx;Fu ;Dks{ tyf ;dGjo ug'{kg]{ x'G5 tyf lhNnfsf] kl/lwdfly p7]/ If]qLo :t/df of]hgf th'{df ;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM cGt/ lhNnf ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug]{ vfnsf ljutdf s] s:tf k|of;x eP ;f]sf] ljj]rgf u/L cGt/lhNnf ;DaGwsf] cfwf/df ;fd"lxs k|of;f/f ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ ;d:ofxsf] ljZn]if0f o; lzif{s cGtu{t ug'{kg]{5 . ;fy} log} ;d:ofxnfO{ If]qLo :t/sf] ;+hfn a}7s (regional networking meeting) df j:t'ut kdf p7fO{ If]qLo :t/df ;fem]bf/L ljsf;df of]ubfg k'ofpg' k5{ . -o; ;DaGwdf cufl8 cg'R5]b @=%=% df rrf{ ul/;lsPsf] 5 ._

4.4.11 ljZn]if-fsf ljleGg tf}/tl/sf / cf}hf/x?sf] k|of]u

dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ tYof+s tyf ;"rgfxsf] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f ug]{ qmddf o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v ePb]lv cltl/Qm (90)

cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg tf}/tl/sf / ljZn]if0f cf}hf/ (analytical tools) xsf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{ x'g ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfjZostf x]/L ltgLxsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . lhNnf ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df :yfgut ljsf; (spatial development) sf cf}hf/x a9L ;fGble{s / pkof]uL x'g ;S5g\ . logLxsf] af/]df ;xeflutfTds lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmdn] tof/ u/L k|sflzt u/]sf] "Manual for District Development Planners" ;xof]uL x'g ;S5 . ;fy} xfd|f] b]zsf] cfly{s;fdflhs agf}6sf ;Gbe{df x/]s tYof+s ;+sng ubf{ n}+lus ljZn]if0f ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L ;Dej eP;Dd k|To]s ;"rssf] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] cnu cnu ; +sng ug'{k5{ / dlxnf / k'?ifsf] l:ylt s] s:tf] /x]5 egL t'ngfTds kdf ljZn]if0f ul/g'k5{ . n}+lus ljZn]if0sf ljleGg tl/sfx 5g\ . tL ;a} oxfF pNn]v ug'{ ;Dej / ;fGble{s gePsf] x'Fbf n}+lus ljZn]if0fnfO{ ;xof]uL x'g] s]xL ;+lIfKt dfu{bz{gx cg';"rL( df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

(91)

4.5

lhNnfsf] ;d:of tyf ;Defjgf ljZn]if-f sfo{zfnf

uf]i&L
ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if1sf] ;]jf ;d]t lnO{ lhNnfsf] ljBdfg cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L ljifout (sectoral) tyf If]qut (spatial) ;d:of tyf ;Defjgfx ;d]6\g] u/L 5f]6f] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{k5{ . To;kl5 lhNnf ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} ;fem]bf/xaLr 5nkmn tyf ljrf/ljdz{ (deliberation) sf] nflu k|:t't ug{ Ps jf b'O{lbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{kb{5 . o; uf]i7Ldf lhNnf ;"rgf ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/x, o;df ckgfOPsf tl/sfx / ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt ;dli6ut ;"rgfx (development issues, problems, potentials, and challenges) nfO{ k|:t't u/L 5nkmn ug'{kb{5 . To;df 5'6 x'g uPsf s'g} dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgfx eP ;xefuLxaf6 k|fKt ;'emfjsf cfwf/df ;j{;Ddltdf k'uL lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0fnfO{ clGtd k lbOG5 . o;sf] k|lqmof / o; ;DjlGw lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr!) df lbOPsf] 5 .

4.6

lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq-f b:tfj]h k|sfzg

uf]i7Laf6 cfPsf ;'emfj / ePsf lg0f{oxsf cfwf/df cBfjlws ug'{kg]{ s'/fx eP ;f] ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0fnfO{ clGtd k lbg'sf ;fy} k|sfzg ;d]t ug'{ kb{5 . of] j:t'ut lrq0f cflhljof]sf] klxnf] b:tfj]h xf] .

(92)

5
5.1

of]hgf tyf sfo{qm d th'{df

(P la n n in g a n d P ro g ra m m in g )
e"ldsf

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] klxnf] efusf] kdf lhNnfsf] j:t'l:ylt lrq0f tyf ljZn]if0f b:tfj]h tof/ ePkl5 cflhljof] th'{dfsf] bf];|f] r/0fdf k|j]z ug'{k5{ . o; r/0fdf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df (planning and programming) ug]{, cfjlws of]hgfsf] cjlwe/ ;+rfng ul/g] k|d'v sfo{qmd tyf k|fyldstf k|fKt kl/of]hgfxsf] 5gf}6 tyf sfof{Gjog of]hgf tof/ ug] { h:tf sfo{x kb{5g\ . pNn]lvt sfo{xsf] cfwf/df cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] bf];|f] efu tof/ ug'{k5{ . o; cg'R5]bdf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ k|lqmof, cg'R5]b^ df k|d'v sfo{qmd / k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgfx tyf sfof{Gjog cfof]hgf th'{df ug]{ k|lqmofsf] af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

5.2

lhNnf ljsf;sf r'gf}lt tyf cj;/x?

lhNnfsf] j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f kZrft\ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df r/0fdf k|j]z ul/G5 . of]hgfn] jt{dfgsf ;d:ofxsf] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klxNofpg] x'gfn] ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0fsf] lgrf]8sf cfwf/df ljsf;sf ;d:ofxnfO{ k'gM Psk6s s]nfO{ r'gf}tLsf kdf /x]sf k| d'v ;d:ofxsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{k5{ . o;}u/L :yfgLo txdf pknAw cj;/ / ljsf;sf ;Defjgfxsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] ;fy} ljutsf ljsf; k|of; tyf pknlAwsf] t'ngfTds l:ylt tyf ljsf; ultsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f pNn] ug'{kg}{5 .

(93)

5.2.1

ljsf;sf k|d'v ;d:of

ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] lhNnf ljsf;sf k|d'v ;jfn / ;d:ofxnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L k|f/lDes txsf] ljZn]if0f ;d]t u'g{k5{ . oL ;d:ofx ;dfj]z ubf{ lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0fdf tYok"0f{ Pjd\ j:t'k/s kdf ;dfj]z ePsf dWo]af6 d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx 5gf}6 u/L ug'{kb{5 . ;d:ofx tn lbOPsf] gd"gf jdf]lhd tof/ u/L k|To]s k|d'v ;d:ofxsf] sf/0f / cGt/gLlxt sf/0f -sf/0fsf] klg sf/0f_ ;d]t klxNofpg' kb{5 . ;fy} tL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu lnOg'kg]{ 7f]; ;dfwfgsf pkfox / /0fgLltx ;d]t tof/ ug'{k5{ .
tflnsf g+. 10 ;d:of;jfn ljZn]if-f tflnsf

; d:oF ;jfnx !

; /flvg] ; cGtgL dfwfg +efljt tTsfn d'Vo {lxt sf ljifout Lg sf/0fx sf/0fx ;Defljt p2]Zo c;/ pkfox -k|:tfjsf kdf_ @=! #=! $=! %= @= #=@ $=@ @

lng'kg] { d'Vo d'Vo / 0fgLltx ^=! ^=@

@ # o;/L ;d:of;jfnxsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf ;"rgfxnfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 . d"n ;d:of;jfnxnfO{ ;s];Dd Onfsf :t/df emlNsg] u/L gS;fdf ;d]t c+lst ug'{kb{5 . ;jfn;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg / ljZn]if0f ubf{ Vofn ug'{kg] { s'/fx ;jfn;d:ofxnfO{ hlxn] klg gsf/fTds jfSosf kdf n]lvg'kb{5 . jt{dfgdf ljBdfg ePsf] cj:yf jf b]vf k/]sf] ;d:ofnfO{ dfq ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 . eljiodf b]vf kg{ ;Sg] ; +efljt ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{x'Fb}g . (94)

;jfn;d:of n]Vbf 7f]; kdf n]Vg'kb{5 . To;df ;dfwfgsf] c+z ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L n]Vg'x'Fb}g, h'g tnsf] pbfx/0faf6 :ki6 x'G5 . sL6gfzs cf}iflw pknAw gx'g' a]7Ls sL/fxn] afnLgfnL gi6 ug'{

7Ls

;d:ofsf] s'/f ubf{ ;s];Dd nlIft ju{ jf hgtfsf] b[li6sf]0f (people perspective) af6 klxrfg ug'{kb{5 . ;d:ofx s]nfpFbf ;dfwfgsf pkfo ePsf jf x'g ;Sg] ;d:ofx dfq ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ . ;dfwfg x'g} g;Sg] ;d:ofnfO{ sl7gfO (constraints) sf kdf cnUu} 5'6\ofpg' k5{ .

5.2.2

lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu pknAw cj;/ / ;Defjgfx?

;d:of;jfnxsf] ljZn]if0f ul/;s]kl5 To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu pknAw cj;/ ;Defjgf, :yfgLo ;Lk / bIftf Pjd\ ;antf cflb s'/fxsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f ul/g' kb{5 . o;sf nflu lhNnfsf] ;| f]tgS;f klg ;xof]uL x'g ;S5 . ;Defjgf ljZn]if0fsf w]/} tl/sfx 5g\ . To;dWo]sf] Ps ;/n tl/sf (potential analysis matrix) sf] gd'gf cg';"rL!! df lbOPsf] 5 .

5.2.3

ljutsf k|of; / pknlAwx?

o; cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu ljutdf ePsf k|of;x, lnOPsf gLltut lg0f{ox, ljutdf ;+rflnt of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx -sDtLdf % jif{_ sf] ljj]rgf Pjd\ pknlAw d"Nof+sg ;+lIfKt kdf ul/g' kb{5 . of]hgf th'[df ;ldltxn] of] tof/ ubf{ k|d'v kdf b]xfosf s'/fxnfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 . -s_ lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0fdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf tYof+s, ;"rgf tyf ljZn]if0faf6 b]lvPsf s'/fx .

(95)

-v_ jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff tyf pknlAw d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bgx . -u_ ;DalGwt If]qdf ePsf cWoog k|ltj]bgx . o;sf nflu kl/df0ffTds / u'0ffTds kdf lhNnfsf] ljsf; ult stflt/ cl3 a9]sf] 5 < o;sf] b/ s] s:tf] 5 < / o;n] s] s] s'/fdf k|efj kfl//fv]sf] 5 < cflb s'/fx? ;dLIffTds kdf :ki6 ul/g' kb{5 . ljutsf] k|of; / pknlAwnfO{ t'ngfTds kdf k|:t'tLsf nflu ;xof]uL x'g] tflnsf gd"gfsf nflu cg';"rL!@ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5. ljutsf k|of; / pknlAwsf] ljj]rgf ubf{ ef}lts lgdf{0f sfo{qmdx (hardware programme) sf] dfq geO{ dfgjLo ljsf; jf bIftf clej[l4 ;DaGwL (software) sfo{qmdxsf] ;d]t ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{5 .

5.3

lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL#{sfnLg ;f]r tyf l;$fGtx?

lgwf{/-f
5.3.1 lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL#{sfnLg ;f]r lgwf{/-f

lhNnfsf] eljio s:t]f x'g'kg]{ xf] Ps ;DefJo cfbz{ cj:yf (attainable ideal situation) sf] kl/sNkgf u/L ;j{k|ydtM lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r (long term vision) s] x'g] eGg] s'/f klxNofpg'kb{5 . lhNnfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r tof/ eO{ g;s]sf] eP of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] k|f/Dedf o:tf] ;f]r lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . ;fdfGotM bL3{sfnLg ;f]r @) b]lv #) jif{sf] nflu lng] ul/G5 . ;fdfGotof o;/L agfOPsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r bzf{pg] jfSo w]/} x'g'x'Fb}g, t/ o;n] lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut kIfnfO{ emNsfpg'kb{5 . of] ;xeflutfTds k4ltaf6 5nkmn u/L lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . o;sf] lgwf{/0f ;xefuLx ;a}sf] ;j{;Ddt lg0f{oaf6 lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . ;fdfGotof bL3{sflng ;f]r x'G5g\ .
(long term vision)

sf b]xfosf ljz]iftf
(time bound)

-s_ of] olt g} ;dodf xfl;n x'g] egL ;do ls6fg ul/Psf] x'Fb}g . -v_ ;;{tL x]bf{ o;n] cfbz{jfbL cj:yf bzf{pF5 . (96)

-u_ of] k"0f{tM xfl;n x'Fb}g, t/ To;tkm{ lhNnf ;w}F pGd'v x'G5 . -3_ o;n] lhNnfsf] ljz]iftf emNsfpg'kb{5 / ;a}n] a'e\mg] u/L ;/n t/ cfsif{s efiffdf n]lvg'k5{ . tfls ;a}sf] :d/0fdf ;xh} /xg ;sf];\ . To;}n] noa4 kdf pRRff/0f ug{ x'g] u/L cfsif{s zAbx rog ug]{ klg rng 5 . -_ o;n] kl/df0f emNsfpF5 . pNn]v ub}{g
(broad)

t/

u'0f:t/

eg]

:ki6

-r_ of] a9L lj:t[t / km/flsnf]

x'G5 .

-5_ lhNnfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf] lgwf{/0f ;xeflutfd"ns k| lqmof (visioning exercise) f/f ug'{k5{ .

5.3.2

lhNnf ljsf;sf] nflu lgb]{zs l;$fGtx?sf] lgwf{/-f

ljsf; k|lqmofn] dfgjsf] hLjg:t/df pNn]vgLo kl/jt{g NofP tfklg o;n] hl6ntf klg yKb} nu]sf] 5 . a9\bf] ul/jL tyf ef}uf]lns ljifdtfn] ubf{ ljsf;sf] k|ltkmn hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf] lx:;fn] k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . of]hgfa4 ljsf;sf] yfngL ;Fu} ljsf;sf ;d:ofxnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ s] s:tf] /0fgLlt clVtof/ ug'{kg]{ xf] ;f] ;DaGwdf ljleGg ljsf; cjwf0ffxsf] hGd tyf k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 . ljsf; l;4fGtn] ;dfhdf ljBdfg ;d:ofxsf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu cufl8 a9\g] af6f] b]vfpg] x'Fbf s] s:tf] ljsf; l;4fGtxnfO{ ckgfpg' kg]{ xf] ;f] ;DaGwdf lhNnfsf] ljsf;;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;a} kIfaLr Jofks 5nkmn x'g' cfjZos 5 . ljsf;sf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljsf; cjwf/0ff af/] 5nkmn u/L lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] lgb]{zs l;4fGt (guiding principles) x lgwf{/0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 . != hgs]Gb|Lt ljsf;
(people-centered development/people orientation)

hgtfn] rfx] cg';f/sf] ljsf; sfo{xsf] ;+rfng hg;anLs/0f (people empowerment) k|hftflGqs/0f (democratization of planning process) hgtfsf] ;+nUgtf / ;xeflutf
(sustainability)

@= bLuf]kgf

wfGg ;lsg] Ifdtf cg'k k|fs[lts ;|f]t pkof]u

(sustainable use of natural resources)

(97)

 #= :yfgLotf

jftfj/0f d}qL ljsf;

(endogenous)

(environment friendly development)

:yfgLo ;|f]t, ;fwg / ;Lksf] pkof]u x'g] vfnsf] ljsf; cfly{s ultljlw a9fO{ :yfgLo cy{tGqdf lelqg] /sdnfO{ :yfgLo If]qdf g} /fVg] ljsf; (local
economic circuit)

$= ;+:yfut ljsf;

(institution building)

:yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ljsf; pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ljsf; ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gxsf] ljsf; ;xsfl/tfsf] ljsf;

(98)

%= cj;/df ;dfgtf

(equality of opportunities)

Go"gtd cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{ ;a}nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;]jf / ;'ljwfdfly ;a} ju{sf] ;dfg kx'Fr
(private sector development) (public private

^= lghL If]q ljsf;

partnership)

;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf] ;fem]bfl/tf

lghL If]qnfO{ nufgLsf] jftfj/0f / lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;df lghL If]qsf] cu|0fL e"ldsf &= zx/Ls/0f tyf j:tL ljsf;
(urbanization and settlement development)

j:tLxnfO{ lglZrt 7fpFdf s]Gb|Ls[t u/L ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] ;DefJo (economies of scale) ug]{ vfnsf] ljsf; e"ldsf] Ifdtf tyf pTkfbsTj cg'ksf] k|of]u (land
use planning)

*= ;fdflhs Gofo tyf

(social equity)

;fdflhs kn] lk5l8Psf ju{sf] pTyfg cfly{s kn] lk5l8Psf] ju{sf] pTyfg dlxnf, afnaflnsf, j[4, :s"n ghfg] o'jf, ckf+u k|fs[lts k|sf]k kLl8txsf] pTyfg tyf ljsf;

bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf] cfwf/df lhNnfsf] k|lta4tf, ljz]iftf / rfxgf :ki6 bzf{pg] u/L ljsf;sf l;4fGtx to ug'{kb{5 . o:tf l;4fGtx? bL3{sfnLg k|s[ltsf x'G5g\ . o;sf ljz]iftfx b]xfoadf]lhd x'g'k5{M l;4fGtx a9L a[xt\ x'g'kb{5 . cyf{t\ logLxn] lhNnf ljsf;sf w]/} cfofdx ;d]6]sf] x'g'k5{ . logLx lhNnfsf] cfk\mgf] ljz]iftf, r'gf}lt, k| lta4tf, ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo :t/df pknAw cj;/ / ;Defjgfxsf cfwf/df to ug'{kb{5 . cyf{t oL s'/fx? l;4fGtxdf bzf{OPsf] x'g'k5{ . ;fy} lhNnfsf] rfxgf ;d]t o;n] :ki6 kdf bzf{pg'kb{5 .

(99)

5.4

lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli^ut nIo, p@]Zox? tyf

/-fgLlt lgwf{/-f
lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zox tyf /0fgLlt lgwf{/0f ;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df uf]i7Lsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{5 -cg';"rL!)_ . pNn]lvt s'/fx lgwf{/0f ubf{ lhNnfsf] j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0faf6 lg:s]sf lgisif{xnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ lng'kb{5 . lglb{i6 nIo tyf p2]Zox xfl;n x'g ;xof]u ug]{ u/L lhNnfsf] ljz]iftfsf] cfwf/df /0fgLltx ;d]t th'{df ug'{kb{5 . lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zo tyf /0fgLlt lgwf{/0f ubf{ ts{k"0f{ of]hgf k4lt (logical frame approach) nfO{ k|of]u ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . o; k4ltdf ljleGg txdf /x]sf p2]Zox (hierarchy of objectives) h:t} nIo, p2]Zo, ljifout p2]Zo -glthf_, sfo{qmd tyf kl/of]hgf -ultljlw_ nfO{ ts{a4 tflnsfdf /fvL 7f8f] / t];f]{ b'j} kdf ts{;+ut (vertical and horizontal logic) 5g\ 5}gg\ x]g'{k5{ -cg';"rL!$s, v_ ljsf;sf nIo, p2]Zo / tL nIo / p2]Zox xfl;n x'g ;xof]u ug] { u/L lhNnfsf] ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df pko'Qm /0fgLltx th'{df ug'{kb{5 . lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf s'/fxdf Wofg lbg'kb{5M lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zox xfl;n ePkl5sf] l:ylt o;df lrq0f ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . o;n] lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] d"ne"t ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg u/]sf] cfbz{ l:yltnfO{ k|ltljlDjt u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . of] cflhljof]sf] cjlwe/sf] ;dosf nflu lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . o;n] lhNnfsf] ljz]iftf emNsfpg'kb{5 . nIon] lhNnfsf] ;antf / ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf / cj;/xnfO{ clwstd pkof]u ug]{ s'/f ;+s]t u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . of] /fli6o of]hgfsf] nIo -a[xt nIo_ xfl;n ug{ ;3fpg] lsl;dsf] x'g'kb{5 .

(100)

lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zox PseGbf a9L x'g ;S5g\, logLxdf b]xfosf ljz]iftf x'g'k5{ . nIosf] t'ngfdf p2]Zox a9L ls6fgL (specific) ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ . lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zoxn] lhNnfnfO{ cGttM ;dli6ut nIo xfl;n ug]{tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg'k5{ . lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zoxn] ;Dk"0f{ kIfnfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'g'k5{ .

5.5

lhNnf ljsf;sf ljifout p@]Zox? tyf k|fyldstf

lgwf{/-f
lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zox k|fKt ug{ lgsfNg'kg]{ glthfx g} ljifout p2]Zox x'g\ . lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zo, / 0fgLltx to eO;s]kl5 ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut nIo tyf p2]Zox k|fKt ug{ ;3fpg] u/L lgDgadf]lhdsf] cfwf/df cfcfgf]] If]q (sector) sf] If]uqt kdf ljifout p2]Zox klxrfg ug'{kg]{5 . != lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0faf6 b]lvPsf ljsf;sf (issues), ;d:of (problems) tyf ;Defjgfx (potentials) d'2fx tyf

@= a'Fbf ! sf] cfwf/df b]lvPsf ljsf; r'gf}ltx cj;/x (opportunities)

(challenges)

#= ;~rfngdf /x]sf ljleGg ljsf; of]hgfx -s]Gb|Lo, ljifout, lhNnfut_ $= lhNnfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r (vision l;4fGtx, nIo, p2]Zo tyf /0fgLlt
of the district),

lgb]{zs

ljifout p2]Zo klxrfg ubf{ lhNnfleqsf] ljleGg :yfgut cfwf/df ;d]t ug'{kg]{5 . dfly pNn]v ePadf]lhd p2]Zo klxrfg eO;s]kl5 tL ljifout p2]Zosf] lgDglnlvt a'Fbfxdf s:tf] k|efj (implication) k5{ ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]u tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f e"pkof]u hg;+Vof tyf j:tLsf] ljt/0flj:tf/ (101)

;/sf/L nufgL cfjZostf lghL If]q tyf u};; ;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf hg;xeflutf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;+:yfut Joj:yf

;fy} lgwf{/0f ul/Psf ljifout p2]Zox b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\ 5}gg\ ;f] ;d]tsf] ljj]rgf ug'{k5{ . ;DalGwt /fli6o gLlt / sfg"gL Joj:yf ;Fu d]n vfPsf] 5 . lhNnfleqsf] :yfgut p2]ZoxnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L Jofks (comprehensive) 5 . :yfgut p2]Zoxn] If]qljz]if kn] ;d]6]sf] 5 .
(area specific)

nfO{ :ki6

ljifout p2]Zox klxrfg ul/Psf] ;d:ofx;Fu d]n vfg] 5g\, ;fdflhs kdf ;d]t hgtfnfO{ :jLsf/of]Uo 5g\, ; +VofTds kdf kl/eflift ug{ ;lsG5g\ (quantifiable), lglZrt ;doleq (time-bound) k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] vfnsf 5g\ (attainable) .

ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx?n] ljifout p2]Zox lgwf{/0f ul/;s]kl5 cfcfgf] ljifout k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kb{5 . k| fyldstf If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ljZn]if0fsf] lgrf]8, ljifout p2]Zo / lhNnfsf] ljZf]iftfsf cfwf/df b]xfosf] ljifo (sector) sf] k|fyldstf ls6fg ug'{k5{ . cfly{s ljsf; ;fdflhs ljsf; k"jf{wf/ ljsf; jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg ;+:yfut ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf

oL k|fyldstfx? tf]Sbf ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] ;ldltsf ;b:oxaLr 5nkmn / ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df tf]Sg' kg]{5 . k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fxnfO{ d"n cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 . -s_ bL3{sfnLg ;f]r / ljsf; l;4fGtx -v_ lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo / ljifout p2]Zox (102)

-u_ lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo txdf pknAw ;|f]t, ;fwg / ;Lk nufotsf cj;/ / ;Defjgfx -3_ ljsf;sf k|d'v r'gf}ltx -_ ljutsf k|of;, pknlAw / Ifdtf ;fy} ljifout k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df pko'Qm /0fgLltx ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .

5.5.1

cfly{s ljsf; k|fyldstf

cl3Nnf efuxdf ul/Psf] j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df lhNnf cy{tGqsf] cu|0fL If]q (lead sector) klxrfg x'g]5 . d"nt To;}sf cfwf/df cfly{s ljsf; k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . xfd|f] b]zdf ;a}h;f] lhNnfxdf s[lifIf]q g} lhNnf cy{tGqsf] cu| 0fL If]qsf kdf /x]sf] 5 eg] sltko lhNnfdf s[lif If]q leq klg t'ngfTds nfe / c yk ljz]if1tf xfl;n ePsf] x'g ;S5 -h:t} kmnkm"n, t/sf/L, gub] jfnL cflb_ . oL s'/fxn] lhNnf cy{tGqdf k'ofPsf] of]ubfg (share) nfO{ oxfF Vofn ug'{kb{5 . o;}u/L sltko lhNnfxsf] ;Gbe{df cf}Bf]lus / ko{6g If]q klg cfpg ;S5 . To;}n] lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljZn]if0f, pknAw cj;/ / ;Defjgf Pjd\ lhNnfsf] ;f]r / l;4fGtx ;d]tsf cfwf/df of] lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . ;fy} ljifout k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df pko'Qm /0fgLltx ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .

5.5.2

;fdflhs ljsf; k|fyldstf

lhNnfdf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;]jf / ;'ljwfdflysf] kx'Fr s:tf] 5 < cfo / ljt/0fsf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 < ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ul/j ju{;Ddsf] kx'Frdf 5 5}g, nlIft sfo{qmdaf6 s'g ju{ a9L nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ < cflb s'/fxsf] ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df of] ;fdflhs ljsf; k|fyldstf klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 . k|fyldstf tf]Sbf b]xfosf s'/fx ;d]6\g' k5{ . -s_ hg;+Vof Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIf -v_ dfgjLo / ;fd'bflos ljsf; -u_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cflb ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ljsf; (103)

-3_ ;Lk ljsf;, bIftf clej[l4, 1fg Joj:yfkg, cflb -_ n}ls ;dfgtf, pTkLl8t, hghflt ljsf; Pjd\ cfly{s / ;fdflhs Gofo -r_ ;f+:s[lts ljsf;, P]ltxfl;s / k'/ftflTjs :ynxsf] ;+/If0f . -5_ ;fdflhs ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt cGo .

5.5.3

jftfj/-fLo ljsf; k|fyldstf

lhNnf jftfj/0fLo If]qdf ePsf ;d:of / ;Defjgfxsf] ljZn]if0faf6 b]lvPsf s'/fxsf cfwf/df k|b"if0f, b}jLk|sf]k, af9Lklx/f], kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg, jg ;+/If0f cflb s'/fxsf] uxgtfsf] hfgsf/L x'g]5 . ;f]xL cfwf/df bLuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t eO{ of] If]qsf] ljsf; k|fyldstf klxrfg ug'{kg]{5 . o;nfO{ gS;fdf c+lst u/LPdf cem pQd x'g]5 . jftfj/0f jx' cfoflds ljifoj:t' (cross cutting issue) ePsfn] of] k|fyldstfn] ljsf;sf cGo If]qxnfO{ ;d]t k|efj kfg]{ x'gfn] pko'Qm / 0fgLltx :ki6 kdf clVtof/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

5.5.4

k"jf{wf/ ljsf; k|fyldstf

ubf{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf

of] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; k|fyldstf klxrfg s'/fxnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .

-s_ k"jf{wf/sf] pkof]udf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Frsf] l:ylt -v_ lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf ;DefjgfxnfO{ pkof]u ug{ k"jf{wf/ ljsf;n] k'ofPsf] of]ubfg (h:t} s[lif ks]6 If]q / jhf/, ko{6g ljsf; cflb_ -u_ k"jf{wf/xsf] cfly{s ljsf; Pjd\ hgtfsf] cfo j[l4 u/fpgdf k'ofPsf] ;xof]u -3_ ljutdf lgld{t dd{t ;+ef/sf] l:ylt / Ifdtf

5.5.5

;+:yfut ljsf; k|fyldstf

o; k|fyldstf cGtu{t b]xfosf s'/fx ;d]l6g'kg]{ x'G5 . -s_ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, :jzf;g Pjd\ hg;xeflutf kl/rfng -v_ gful/s ;dfhsf] ;jnLs/0f, ;zlQms/0fsf ljljw kIf (104)

-u_ :yfgLo ;|f]t, ;fwg, ;Lksf] clej[l4 / clwstd pkof]u -3_ ;+:yfut ;dGjo / ;+hfn, sfo{ut Pstf -_ ljsf;df ;fem]bf/Lkgsf] ljsf; -r_ ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf / bIftf clej[l4 -5_ lhDd]jf/L / pQ/bfloTj lgjf{xdf k|efjsfl/tf -h_ cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f, d"Nof+sg nufot of]hgf th'{df / ljsf; Joj:yfkgdf ;'b[9Ls/0f -em_ ;+:yfut ljsf; / ;'zf;g

of] If]qn] ;du| lhNnf ljsf;sf] kIfnfO{ ;d]6\g] x'gfn] k| fyldstf If]qxsf] klxrfgsf ;fy} pko'Qm /0fgLltxsf] th'{df / sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] k|efjsfl/tfn] ;du| lhNnf ljsf;df g} k|efj kfb{5 .

5.6

;"rsx?sf] lgwf{/-f

nIob]lv k|To]s txsf p2]Zosf nflu kl5 ;f] k|fKt eof] ls ePg egL :ki6 kdf gfKg jf dfkg ug{ ;lsg] ;"rsxs lgwf{/0f ul/g'kb{5 . ;"rs g} of]hgfsf] ;kmntf gfKg] s8L xf] . o:tf ;"rsx ;fdfGotof kfFr k|sf/sf x'G5g\ -s_ nufgL txsf cfwf/e"t ;"rs jf ultljlw ;"rs (input indicator) -v_ pknlAw ;"rs (output indicators) -u_ c;/ ;"rs (effect indicator) -3_ k|efj ;"rs (impact indicator) -_ k|lqmof ;"rs (process indicator) -cg';"rL!%_ . oL ;a} k|sf/sf ;"rsxdf b]xfosf ljz]iftfx x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . kl/df0fhGo x'g'k5{ . u'0f:t/Lotf
(quantity) (quality)

of] :ki6kdf dfkg ug{ ;lsg]

o;n] :ki6;Fu u'0f:t/ emNsfpg'k5{ .

;do (time) of] olt ;dodf xfl;n x'G5 egL :ki6 lsl6Psf] x'g'k5{ . nlIft ju{ (target v'Ng'k5{ .
beneficiaries)

nlIft ju{ s'g xf] :ki6

:yfg (place) lhNnfsf] s'g :yfgljz]ifsf nflu pQm ;"rs tf]lsPsf] xf] ;f] :ki6 v'nfOPsf] x'g'k5{ .

(105)

oL ;a} ljz]iftfnfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf eGg'kbf{ ku';n:yf (QQTBP) klg eGg] ul/G5 .

;Demgfy{

;fy} ;"rs agfpFbf b]xfosf s'/fxnfO{ klg Wofg lbOg'k5{ . ljBdfg /fli6o gLlt / sfo{qmdx Pjd\ P]glgodx, h;sf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L jf ltgLx?;+u afem\g] u/L ;"rsx to ul/g'x'Fb}g . lhNnfsf] ljutsf] pknlAw, ;\u7gfTds Pjd\ Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf Pjd\ cfly{s Ifdtf / cg'ejnfO{ Vofn ug'{kb{5 h;n] ;"rsx dxTjfsf+IfL x'g glbO{ jf:tljstfdf cfwfl/t u/fpg d2t k'ofp5 . pknAw cfly{s, ljQLo / dfgjLo Ifdtf Pjd\ ;\u7gfTds Joj:yfnfO{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 . ;"rsx ldtJooL -sd nfutdf_ kdf ;xh} t/ :ki6 kdf dfkg ug{ ;lsg] x'g'kb{5 .
(QQTBP)

dflysf ;a} kIfx ku';n:yf { Ps pbfx/0f tn lbOPsf] 5 .

;dfj]z u/L ;"rs tof/ ug] tl/sfsf]

p2]Zo M s[lif pTkfbgdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 . r/0f !M nlIft ju{ ls6fg u/L ;"rssf] klxrfg pbfx/0fM ;fgf ls;fgxsf] a9]sf] x'g]5 . r/0f @M kl/df0f pbfx/0fM !),))) ;fgf ls;fgx -a9Ldf !) /f]kgL jf ;f]eGbf sd hldg ePsf_ sf] wfgsf] pTkfbgdf %) n] j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 . r/0f #M u'0f:t/ pbfx/0fM @)%%%^ sf] h:t} u'0f:t/ sfod u/L pTkfbg j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 . wfgsf] pTkfbg

(106)

r/0f $M ;do pbfx/0fM @)%&%* b]lv @)^#^$ sf] aLr;Dd r/0f %M :yfg pbfx/0fM sfe|]knfGrf]s lhNnf

o;/L r/0fa4 qmddf dfly b]vfOPem} a'Fbfut kdf ;a} s'/f v'6\ofO;s]kl5 To;nfO{ ;+o'Qm kdf tn lbPsf] h:tf] u/L n]Vg'kb{5 . sfe|]knfGrf]s lhNnfdf a9Ldf !) /f]kgL;Dd hUuf ePsf ;fgf ls;fgxsf] ;fljsdf ePsf] wfgsf] u'0f:t/ -@) %^ sf] h:tf]_ sfod} /fvL pTkfbsTjdf ;'wf/f/f cfpFbf] @)%&%* b]lv @)^#^$ ;Ddsf] cjlwdf wfgsf] pTkfbgdf %) n] j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

5.7k|dfl-ft ug]{ cfwf/x?sf] klxrfg

MOV)

(Means of Verification

;"rsx lgwf{/0f ul/;s]kl5 tL ;"rsx xfl;n eP ls ePgg\ jf of]hgfsf p2]Zoxdf s'g xb;Dd ;kmntf k|fKt eof] egL n]vfhf]vf ug]{ cfwf/ jf of]hgfsf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ ;kmntf dfkg ug{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfwf/ kl5 sxfF kfOG5 eGg] s'/f klg of]hgf th'{dfs} qmddf lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . o;/L k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfwf/ klxrfg ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fx Vofn ug'{kb{5 . s] tL k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfwf/x df}h'bf ;|f]taf6} pknAw x'G5g\ -tYof+s, clen]v, cjnf]sg cflb_ < tL ;|f]tx slQsf] e/ kbf{ 5g\ < s] ljz]if lsl;dsf] tYof+s ;+sng ug'{knf{ < olb k5{ eg] slt vr{ nfUnf < s] gofF ;|f]t v8f ug'{k5{ < k5{ eg] Tof] s'g xf] < olb s'g} ;"rssf] k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfwf/ (MOV) e]l6Pg eg] To:tf]sf] xsdf ;DalGwt ;"rs g} abNg'k5{ . (107)

olb MOV sf nflu gofF ;+/rgf g} v8f ug'{kg]{ jf gofF tYof+s ;+sng ug'{kg]{df / ;f] dx+uf] x'g] ePdf To:tf] ;"rs klg kl/jt{g ug'{kb{5 .

5.8hf]lvd kIfxsf] klxrfg

hf]lvd kIfx o:tf cj:yf x'g\ h'g eljiodf of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf b]vf kg{ ;S5g\ / of]hgfsf] p2]Zo jf glthf xfl;n ug{df gsf/fTds afwf kfg{ ;S5g\ . t/ tL cj:yfx of]hgfsf] lgoGq0feGbf aflx/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . o:tf hf]lvd kIfx of]hgf th'{dfs} qmddf /fd|/L s]nfO{ klxrfg ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} To;sf] b]vf kg]{ ;Defjgf / ulx/fOsf cfwf/df s]xL lqmofsnfkx th'{df u/L logLxaf6 of]hgfdf kg]{ gsf/fTds c;/nfO{ Go"g ug]{ k|of; ug'{kb{5 . hf]lvd kIfx oL dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . logLxsf] ulx/fO / ;Defjgfsf cfwf/df n]vfhf]vf ul/G5 . logLx? of]hgfsf] l;w} lgoGq0fsf] l:ylteGbf aflx/ /x]sf x'G5g\ t/ of]hgfnfO{ k|efj kfb{5g\ . of]hgfsf] ;kmntfsf] nflu logLxnfO{ Vofn ug'{kb{5 . o:tf hf]lvd kIfnfO{ ;sf/fTds jfSo (worded as positive condition) df n]lvG5 . h:t}M lzlIft o'jfxsf nflu kof{Kt /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x pknAw x'g]5g\ .

hf]lvd kIfxsf] klxrfg / n]vfhf]vf ug]{ tl/sf hf]lvd kIfx s;/L klxrfg ug]{ / s:tf]nfO{ hf]lvd kIfsf kdf lng] / s:tf]nfO{ glng] eGg] s'/f tn pNn]lvt # cf]6f k|Zgxsf] d2taf6 ls6fg ug{ ;lsG5 .

(108)

lrq g+. 3.

hf]lvd kIfx?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ tl/sf

k|Zg !M s] Tof] hf]lvd dxTjk"0f{ 5 <

5}g -o;nfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{kb}{g_ 5

k|Zg @M

Tof] eljiodf b]vfkg]{ sltsf] ;Defjgf 5 <

Ps lsl;dsf] lglZrt g} 5 -o;nfO{ ;dfj]z gug] {_ w]/} xb;Dd b]vf kg{ ;S5 -%) eGbf a9L ;Defjgf 5_ -o;nfO{ hf]lvd kIfsf kdf ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ / ;Dej eP;Dd To;nfO{ k|efljt u/L of]hgfsf] ;kmntfdf cfFr cfpg glbg] k|of; ug'{k5{ ._ 5}g k|Zg #M s] Tof] nIo, p2]Zo jf glthfnfO{ s]xL abNg jf ; +zf]wg ug{ ;lsG5 < tfls To;sf] s'g} hf]lvd kIf g} gxf];\ .

(109)

;lsFb}g -o;nfO{

vt/gfs hf]lvd kIf (killer assumption) elgG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg' x'Fb}g / lg0f{ostf{nfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbg'kb{5 ._

;lsG5 -o; cj:yfdf csf]{ j}slNks th'{df ug'{kb{5 ._

(110)

5.9

;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf

uf]i&Lsf] cfof]hgf
of]hgf th'{df ;ldltxn] o; cg'R5]bdf pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ tof/ u/]sf] cfcfkm\gf] ljifout nIo, p2]Zo / k|fyldstfx ;a} ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx tyf lhNnf ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} kIfsf] e]nfdf k|:t't u/L Jofks 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df clGtd k lbg'kg] {5 . o;sf] nflu ;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 . of]hgf th'{df uf]li7sf] k| lqmof / cGo Joj:yfx cg';"rL!# df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o; uf]i7Ldf cGo cf}hf/xsf cltl/Qm ts{k"0f{ of]hgf k4lt (logframe approach) nfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 . -cg';"rL!$s, v_ dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ qmdz >[+vnfa4 kdf lgwf{/0f ul/b} cfPsf ljleGg txsf nIo / p2]Zox Pjd\ glthf / sfo{qmdxaLr ts{a4 (logcal) l;nl;nf / ltgLxsf] plrt cGt;{DaGw (linkage) sfod x'g'kb{5 . o;nfO{ tnsf] lrqdf b]vfOPsf] 5 .
lrq g+. 4.
General

;f]rb]lv ljleGg txsf p@]Zox?aLrsf] cGt;{DaGw

ljz]iftf

p2]Zoxsf] >[+vnf

lgwf{/0f ug]{ qmd qmdz

a[xt\ -@)#) jif{sf]_ a9L cfbz{jfbL b]lvg]

bL3{sfnLg ;f]r / ljsf;sf l;4fGtx

dflyNnf]eGbf a9L :ki6(specific) cfbz{ cj:yf -%& jif{sf]_

lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo -cflhljof]sf]_

(111)


lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;du| kIf ;d]6\g] lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zox

ljifout kIf ;d]6\g] u/L ls6fgL (specific) ePsf / p2]Zo k| flKtdf l;w} ;xof]u ug]{ ljifout p2]Zo, k| fyldstfx / / 0fgLltx

/0fgLltsf ;xof]un] glthf k|fKt ug{df ;xh x'g]
Specific

k|d'v sfo{qmd / k|fyldstf k|fKt kl/of]hgfx

(112)

lrq g+. 5.

bL#{sfnLg ;f]rb]lv sfo{qmd;Ddsf] ts{a$ <[\vnf

;dotflnsf
(Time Frame)

lhNnfsf] ;\u&gfTds b[li^sf])f

(Organizational Perspective)

sfof{Gjog tx
(Operational Level)

bL#{sfnLg ;f]r bL#{sfnLg

(Long Range) (Vision)

lgb]{zsljsf;sf l; $fGtx?
(Guiding Principles)

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo (District Dev't dWod cjlw
(Medium Range) Goal) k| dfl)f ;" t hf]lv r ug]{ d kIf s cfwf /

lhNnf ljsf;sf p@]Zox? / glthfx?

(dev't objectives & results)

ljifout p@]Zox?, k| fyldstfx?, / /)fgLlt x?

(sectoral objectives proiorities and strategies)

%f]^f] cjlw
(Short Range)

k|d'v sfo{qmd / k|fyldstfk|ft kl/of]hgfx? (major

programs and priority projects)

(113)

o;k|sf/ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] vfsf tof/ x'G5 . ;fy} oL >[\vnfa4 nIo / p2]Zox s;/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf cflhljof] s} c+usf ?kdf sfof{Gjog of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . of] tof/ ug]{{ tl/sf Pj+ o;df ;dfj]z ug'{kg] { ljifoa:t' ;DjGwdf tnsf v08xdf j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

(114)

6
6.1

k|d'v sfo{qmd, k|fyldstfk|fKt cfof]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog of]hgf

cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] k|fyldstfqmd

(M ajor P rogram m es, P riority P rojects & Im plem entation D esig

lgwf{/-f
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf pNn]v ul/Psf] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof cGtu{t /x]/ Onfsf of]hgf th'{df a}7sn] Onfsf leqsf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfaf6 k|fKt cfof]hgfnfO{ ljifoIf]q cg';f/ k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / ;DalGwt ljifout ;ldltnfO{ df3sf] t]>f] xKtfleq pknAw u/fO;Sg'kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . o;/L k|fKt ePsf] cfof]hgfx tyf ljleGg ljifout sfof{noxaf6 sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfxdWo]af6 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf nflu sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdxsf] 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf cjlwdf sfof{Gjog x'g] cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx b]xfoadf]lhdsf] r/0fx (steps) af6 5gf}6 u/L k| fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

6.1.1

cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ljj/-f ;+sng

Onfsf of]hgf th'{df uf]i7Laf6 k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f eO cfPsf cfof]hgfxsf ;fy} ljifout sfof{no, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf lghL If]qaf6 klxrfg jf k|:tfj ul/Psf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx ;

(115)

+sng u/L b]xfoadf]lhdsf] k|:tfljt of]hgfsfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f k+lhsf tof/ ug'{k5{ .

(116)

tflnsf g+. 11 k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsfo{qmd ;DaGwL k+lhsf

!= cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] gfd @= cfof]hgfsfo{qmd k|:tfj ug]{ JolQm;+:yf #= Onfsf of]hgf a}7sn] k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f u/]sf] eP k|fyldstf qmd g+= tyf ldlt $= k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] ljj/0f %= cfof]hgf :yn ^= cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo -x_ &= nfeflGjt ;d"x tyf hg;+Vof *= nfutcg'dflgt nfut ?= (= nfut Joxf]g]{ >f]t -x_ -gf]6M of] k|To]s cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] nflu cnu cnu tof/ ug'{k5{ ._

6.1.2. sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] %gf}^

k|To]s k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] ljj/0fk+lhsf tof/ eO;s]kl5 cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] 5gf}6 k|lqmof ;'? ug'{kg]{5 . 5gf}6 k|lqmofsf] k|f/Dedf bf]xf]/f] kg{ uPsf], cgfjZos tyf cGo lgsfoxaf6 sfof{Gjog x'g] of]hgfx x6fO{ k| f/lDes ;"rL (initial list) tof/ ug'{k5{ . k|f/lDes 5gf}6 (initial screening) ubf{ b]xfosf p2]ZoxnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg ;lsG5 .

s.

bf]xf]l/Psf jf cltl/Qm cfof]hgfx? ufEg]

(Consolidate repetitive or redundant proposals)

k|To]s k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] ljj/0fx cWoog u/L Ps} lsl;dsf] ljj/0f, p2]Zo, nfeflGjt ;d"x tyf cfof]hgf:yn ePsf cfof]hgfx klxrfg u/L Ps} lsl;dsf] jf nueu Ps} lsl;dsf] cfof]hgfxnfO{ ufeL Pp6} cfof]hgfsf] kdf dfGotf lbg' k5{ .

v. x]b}{ cJojxfl/s jf grflxg] h:tf] nfUg] cfof]hgfx? x^fpg]

(117)

k|To]s k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f cWoog ubf{ x]b}{ cJojxfl/s jf cgfjZos nfUg] cfof]hgfx k| f/lDes ;"rLaf6 x6fpg ;lsG5 .

u. cGo lgsfoaf^ sfof{Gjog x'g] cfof]hgfx? x^fpg]

s]Gb|Lo of]hgfsf] kdf ;+rfng x'g] jf cGo ;|f]taf6 ;+rflnt x'g] cfof]hgfx k|f/lDes ;"rLaf6 x6fpg'kg]{5 . sltko of]hgfx s]Gb|Lo of]hgfsf] kdf ;+rfng ug{sf nflu lhNnfn] s]Gb|nfO{ cg'/f]w ;d]t kg]{ kl/k|]Iodf To:tf cfof]hgfxsf] cnu ;"rL agfO{ k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 . dfly pNn]v ul/P ad]flhdsf cfof]hgfx ufeL jf x6fO{ k| f/lDes ;"rL tof/ ul/;s]kl5 cfof]hgfsf p2]Zox cfkm}Fdf aflemPsf 5g\ 5}gg\ (conflicting objectives) ;f] sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{ . cfof]hgfxsf] Pscfk;df b]xfoadf]lhdsf] tLg k| sf/sf] ;DaGw (relationship) x'g ;S5M != G ;DaGw (Conflict relationship): Pp6f cfof]hgfaf6 x'g] kmfObfnfO{ csf]{ cfof]hgfaf6 x'g] xfgLn] lg/y{s u/fpF5 jf Pp6f cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 csf] { cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf afwf NofpF5 . pbfx/0fM hnfwf/ ;+/If0f cfof]hgf tyf hnfwf/ If]qdf af6f] lgdf{0f . @= kl/k"/s ;DaGw (Complementarity relationship): Pp6f cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogn] csf]{ cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf yk an k'ofpF5 . #= cg's"n ;DaGw (Compatible relationship): cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogn] csf]{ cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf afwf c8\rg k'ofpFb}gg\ . k|f/lDes ;"rLdf /x]sf cfof]hgfxaLr dfly pNn]lvt tLgk|sf/sf] ;DaGwdWo] s'g k|sf/sf] ;DaGw 5 ;f]sf] d"Nof+sg u/L w]/} cfof]hgf;Fu G ;DaGw /fVg] cfof]hgfnfO{ k| f/lDes ;"rLaf6 x6fpg ;lsG5 . s]xL;Fu G ;DaGw eP klg c;Fu kl/k"/s jf cg's"n ;DaGw eP To:tf cfof]hgfxnfO{ G x6fpg] u/L k'gM th'{df ug{ ;lsG5 .

(118)

o;/L Gkl/k"/scg's"n ;DaGw lgDgadf]lhdsf] tflnsf tof/ ug'{kg]{5 .

ljZn]if0fsf

nflu

tflnsf g+. 12 Gkl/k"/scg's"n ;DaGw ljZn]if-fsf] gd"gf

cfof]hg cfof]hg cfof]hg cfof]hg cfof]hg cfof]hg f f! f@ f# f$ f% g+ = cfof]hg G kl/k"/s kl/k"/s cg's"n f! cfof]hg cg's"n G cg's"n f @ cfof]hg G kl/k"/s f# cfof]hg kl/k"/s f$ cfof]hg f% cfof]hg f^

cfof]hg f^

cg's"n kl/k"/s

cg's"n kl/k"/s cg's"n

dfly pNn]v ul/P adf]lhdsf] cfwf/df cfof]hgfxaf6 sfF65fF6 u/L k|f/lDes ;"rL b]xfosf] tflnsfdf b]vfpg ;lsg]5 .
tflnsf g+. 13 sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] k|f/lDes ;"rL

cfof]hgf g+= / gfd

klxnf] ;"rL
list)

(initial

-klxnf] 5gf}6af6 5gf}6 ePsf cfof]hgfx_

bf];|f] ;"rL (preliminary list) -Gkl/k"/scg's"n ;DaGw ljZn]if0faf6 5gf}6 ePsf cfof]hgfx_

(119)

6.2

sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] juL{s/-f

(Ranking of

the Projects)

k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] k|fylds ;"rL (preliminary list) tof/ eO;s]kl5 To;dWo] s'g cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdn] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;jf{lws d2t ub{5 ;f]sf] cfwf/df k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsfo{qmdnfO{ juL{s/0f tyf qmd lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . o;sf] nflu lgDglnlvt b'O{ ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5M nIf k|flKt d"Nof+sg ljlw
technique) (Goal achievement pay-off matrix evaluation (Capital project

k"FhLut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf d"Nof+sg ljlw

priority matrix evaluation technique)

klxnf] ljlw

nIfk|flKt d"Nof+sg ljlw

(Goals-achievement matrix evaluation technique)

cflhljof]sf] nIo tyf p2]ZoxnfO{ k|fKt ug{ ljleGg cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . k|:tfljt ;a} cfof]hgfxnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;do tyf ;|f]tsf] sdL x'g] kl/k|]Iodf ;a}eGbf pkof]uL tyf cfjZos cfof]hgfxnfO{ 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . xfn ;+rfngdf /x]sf sltko cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx qmdfut kdf sfof{Gjog ;d]t ug'{kg] { x'Fbf ;+rflnt cfof]hgfsfo{qmdx klg sfof{Gjog ug]{ jf :ylut ug]{ ;f]sf] lg0f{o ;d]t of]hgf th'{df s} cj:yfdf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM xfn ;+rfngdf /x]sf tyf k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsfo{qmdxnfO{ b]xfoadf]lhd nIo k|flKt d"Nof+sg ljlwaf6 qmd lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ .
kfOnf 1 d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/ to ug]{ (Selection of evaluation
criteria)

k|lt:kwf{df /x]sf cfof]hgfsfo{qmdxaLr t'ngf ug{ d"Nof+sg cfwf/ (evaluation criteria) cfjZos x'G5 . cflhljof]sf] nIo, p2]Zo, ljifout p2]Zo, glthf tyf ;"rsxaf6 d"Nof+sg cfwf/ 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

(120)

d"Nof+sg cfwf/ 5fGbf b]xfosf s'/fxnfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . ;a} ljifout If]q -cfly{s, ;fdflhs, jftfj/0fLo, k"jf{wf/, ; +:yfut_ sf] nIo, p2]Zo, glthf tyf ;"rsxdWo]af6 d"Nof+sg cfwf/ 5fGg'kg]{ . d"Nof+sg cfwf/ ;fdfGo x'g'kg]{ .
(general)

eGbf vf; lsl;dsf]

(specific)

o;n] lhNnfsf] d'Vo ;d:of jf d'2fx ;dfwfg ug{ ;jf{lws d2t ug]{ x'g'kg]{ . a9Ldf lj;cf]6f d"Nof+sg cfwf/ 5fGg' kg]{ . lhNnfsf] ;a} ;/f]sf/ kIfxsf] e]nfdf Jofks 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ .

kfOnf 2 d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/nfO{ ef/ lbg]

5flgPsf d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/x lhNnfsf] k|fyldstf cg';f/ ;dfg lsl;dsf x'Fb}gg\ cyf{t\ s'g} sd tyf s'g} a9L dxTjsf x'G5g\ . s"n c+sef/ (weights) nfO{ !)) dfg]/ k|To]s d"Nof+sg cfwf/nfO{ slt c+sef/ lbg] xf] ;a} ;/f]sf/ kIfxsf] e]nfdf Jofks 5nkmnaf6 c+sef/sf] afF8kmfF8 ug'{k5{ .
kfOnf 3 k|:tfljt cfof]hgf tyf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf

cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{

;+rfngdf /x]sf tyf k|:tfljt cfof]hgfxn] d"Nof+sg cfwf/df pNn]lvt nIop2]Zodf sltsf] of]ubfg (contribution) u5{g\ jf To;df s:tf] k|efj (impact) kf5{g\ To;sf] d"Nof+sg ug'{k5{ . cfof]hgfsf] of]ubfg jf k|efjsf] d"Nof+sg lgDgk|sf/sf] cfwf/ (rating) af6 ug{ ;lsG5 . d"Nof+sg cfwf/df s'g} k|efj gkfg]{ jf s'g} lsl;dsf] of]ubfg gug]{nfO{ z"Go -)_ d"Nof+sg c+s (rating value) lbg] . d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df clncln k|efj (slight impact) jf clncln of]ubfg lbg] (slight contribution) nfO{ Ps -!_ d"Nof+sg c+s lbg] . d"Nof+sg cfwf/df dxTjk"0f{ (significant) k|efj kfg]{ jf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg]nfO{ b'O{ -@_ d"Nof+sg c+s lbg] . (121)

d"Nof+sg cfwf/sf] k|flKt (attainment) sf] nflu geO{ gx'g] (essential) cfof]hgfnfO{ tLg -#_ d"Nof+sg c+s lbg] .

k|:tfljt cfof]hgfnfO{ dfly pNn]lvt d"Nof+sg c+s (rating value) lbgsf nflu ;a} ;/f]sf/ kIfsf] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . sfo{zfnfsf ;xefuLxnfO{ cfcfgf]] ;d"x (ljifout sfof{no, :yfgLo lgsfo, u};;, lghL If]q, Joj;foL ;d"x, nfeflGjt ;d"x cflb) df ljefhg u/L dfly pNn]v ul/P adf]lhdsf] d"Nof+sg c+s lbg nufpg'k5{ .
kfOnf 4 k|To]s cfof]hgfsfo{qmdn] k|fKt u/]sf] c+s

hf]*L cfof]hgfsf] qmd lgwf{/-f ug]{

k|To]s ;/f]sf/ ;d"xn] cfof]hgfxnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] d"Nof+sg c+s (rating value) nfO{ c+s ef/ (weights) ;Fu u'0ff u/L cfPsf] c+snfO{ nIo k|flKt ljZn]if0f tflnsf pNn]v ug'{k5{ . k|To]s d"Nof+sg cfwf/ (evaluation criteria) df cfof]hgfn] k|fKt u/]sf] c+s hf]8\g' kb{5 .
tflnsf g+. 14 nIo k|flKt ljZn]if-f tflnsf (gd"gf) ef/ k| ltzt ljifout sfo{qmdcf of]hgfn] k| fKt u/]sf] c+s ! @ # $

cfjlws of]hgfdf to ul/Psf nIo tyf p2]Zo

!= ;fdflhs Gofo (social equity) #% !=! ljz]ifu/L Go"g cfo ;d'bfonfO{ cfwf/e"t !) ;]jf k'ofpg] !=@ :yfgLo ;fd'bflos ;d"xx?sf] cfjZostf !) kl/k"lt{ ug]{ !=# u|fdL0f zx/L ;DaGw (rural-urban % integration) k|j4{g ug]{ !=$ n}ls Gofo (Gender equality) % !=% lk5l8Psf] If]qnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] (regional %
balance)

@= cfly{s s'zntf (economic efficiency) @=! l;h{gf eO ;s]sf] k"jf{wf/ tyf ;x'lnotsf] pkof]u ug]{ @=@ s/, b:t'/sf] ?kdf :yfgLo /fhZj clej[l4 ug]{

@) $ $

(122)

cfjlws of]hgfdf to ul/Psf nIo tyf p2]Zo

ef/ k| ltzt $ % # !) % % @) % % !) !% % % % !))

ljifout sfo{qmdcf of]hgfn] k| fKt u/]sf] c+s ! @ # $

@=# :yfgLo cfly{s ultljlw k|j4{g ug]{ @=$ klxrfg ul/Psf ;d:ofsf] sd nfutdf ;dfwfg lbg] @=% /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x >[hgf ug]{ #= jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f (environmental protection) #=! kof{j/0fLo b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLn If]qnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ #=@ ;+/lIft If]qnfO{ jrfpg] $ hg:jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iff $=! k|b"if0f, Wolg k|b"if0fsf] sf/0f l;lh{t hgtfsf] c;'ljwf 36fpg] $=@ b}jL k|sf]k 36fpg d2t ug]{ $=# d[To'b/ 36fpg] % :yfgLo Ifdtf tyf g]t[Tjsf] ljsf; %=! lghLIf]qsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ a9fpg] %=@ :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|ltj4tfnfO{ k"/f ug] { %=# hg;xeflutf kl/rfng ug]{ hDdf M k|fyldstf qmd

dfly pNn]v ul/P adf]lhd ljleGg ;/f]sf/ kIfn] lbPsf] c+snfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf hf]8L ;a}eGbf a9L c+s kfpg]nfO{ klxnf] k| fyldstfqmddf /fvL ;f]eGbf sd c+s Nofpg]nfO{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] tflnsfdf qmdzM k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ .
tflnsf g+. 15 nIo k|flKt ljZn]if-f d"Nof+sgaf^ k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/-f (gd'gf)

k|:tfljt cfof]hgf cfof]hgf g+= !

ljleGg ;/f]sf/ kIfaf6 k|bfg :yfgLo ljifout u}; lgh lgsfo sfof{n ; L o If]q

ul/Psf] c+s k| nfefl hDd Fyldst Gjt f f qmd ;d"x c+s

(123)

cfof]hgf g+= @ cfof]hgf g+= # cfof]hgf g+= $ cfof]hgf g+= % cfof]hgf g+= ^ cfof]hgf g+= & cfof]hgf g+= *

(124)

bf]<f] ljlw k"+lhut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf d"Nof+sg ljlw

(Capital project priority evaluation technique)

k|:tfljt tyf ;+rfngdf /x]sf k"FhLut cfof]hgfxnfO{ nIo k| flKt ljZn]if0f d"Nof+sg ljlwaf6 qmdlgwf{/0f ubf{ Ps} lsl;dsf] p2]Zo jf nIo k|flKt x'g] cfof]hgfsfo{qmdn] a/fa/ c+s Nofpg] / k|fyldstfqmd g5'lg] x'Fbf k"FhLut cfof]hgfsf xsdf o; ljlwaf6 juL{s/0f ug{ ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 . o; ljlw cGtu{t cfof]hgfxnfO{ dxTj tyf cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df lgDgadf]lhd ^ txdf ljefhg ug'{k5{ . != clt h?/L (urgent) @= h?/L (essential) #= cfjZos (necessary) $= OlR5t (desirable) %= :jLsf/of]Uo (acceptable) ^= eljiosf] nflu kG5fpg ;lsg]

(deferrable)

s] s:tf] cfof]hgfnfO{ clt h?/L, h?/L jf cfjZos eGg] xf] ;f] 5'6\ofpg lglZrt dfkb08 (criteria) rflxG5 . ljleGg ;/f]sf/ kIfxsf] sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf Jofks 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df d"Nof+sg dfkb08 (evaluation criteria) to ug{ ;lsG5 . k"FhLut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf ljZn]if0fsf] d"Nof+sg dfkb08sf] gd"gf b]xfoadf]lhd pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+. 16 k"+hLut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf ljZn]if-f (gd'gf)
! = ju{ clt h?/L
(Urgent)

@ =

h?/L
(Essential)

juL{s/0f cfwf/ (General criteria) cfkTsfnLg cj:yfnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf hgtfsf] :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff tyf sNof0fdf cfOk/]sf] vt/fk"0f{ cj:yf ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf s'g} klg cj:yfdf :ylut ug{ g;lsg] cfof]hgf clt h?/L sfo{qmd (critically needed program) nfO{ sfod /fVgsf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf jfx\o ;xof]u pknJw ePsf cfjZos cfof]hgf

cfg} cfoaf6 jf lghL >f]t kl/rfngaf6 ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] cfof]hgf (desirable self liquidating
projects)

rfn' sfo{qmdnfO{ sfod /fVgsf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf ;fj{hlgs If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu rfxlg] cfof]hgf

(125)

# =

cfjZos
(Necessary)

$ =

OlR5t
(Desirable)

% :jLsf/ of]Uo =
( Acceptable)

:ki6 ?kn] klxrfg ePsf cfjZostf (clearly identified needs) k"/f ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf g/x]sf k'/fgf, cg'ko'Qm ;'ljwfx? nfO{ abNgsf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf ljBdfg ;'ljwfx?sf] cfo' jf k|of]u cjlw nDofpgsf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf rfn' sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:yflkt ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf ;d'bfosf nflu pko'Qm 7xl/Psf gofF sfo{qmd yfngL ug{sf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] cfof]hgf ljBdfg ;'ljwfnfO{ cGo pkof]udf kl/jt{g ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfof]hgf ah]6/sd s6f}tL ug{ cfjZos k/]sf] cj:yfdf :ylut /fVg ;lsg] cfof]hgf

^ =

eljiosf nflu kG5fpg ;lsg]

(Deferrable)

of] cfjlws of]hgfdf ;dfj]z gu/L eljiosf] lglDt :ylut /fVg ;lsg] cfof]hgf ;di6Lut cfjZostf, of]hgf th'{dfsf] kof{Kttf tyf ;dosf] pko'Qmtfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;Gb]xhgs (questionable) cfof]hgf

(126)

lrq g+. 6.

tYof+s;"rgf ljZn]if-f, ;fem]bf/x?sf sfo{qmd tyf

tYof+s;"rgf ljZn]if0f bL#{sfnLg ;f]r / l;$fGtx?

;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k4ltaf6 cfPsf hgrfxgf Onfsf:t/Lo uf]li&df %nkmn

ljifout lgsfo / ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/xaf6 ljifout k|:tfljt sfof{nox?sf] of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd u};; / ;fd'bflos ; +u&gx?

lhNnf ljsf;sf nIo, p@]Zo tyf glthfx?

ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx?

ljifout p@]Zo, k|fyldstf, ;"rs / /)fgLltx?

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

:yfgLo lgsfox? -lhNNff ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf, uf=lj=;_

k|d'v sfo{qmd / k|fyldstfk|fKt kl/of]hgfx?

sfo{qmd tyf kl/of]hgfx?sf] k|:tfj

cGo ;fem]bf/ ; +:yfsf of]hgf / sfo{qmdx?

c s o g f] n k t fjlw f]h fs Io |flK ljZ ]if0 tfln f n f s sfo{qmd tyf kl/of]hgfxsf] clGtd 5gf}6 / sfof{Gjog tof/L

:yfgLo hgrfxgfaLrsf] ;lDdng / ;Gt'ng

jflif{s of]hgf dfkm{t sfof{Gjog (127)

jflif{s of]hgf jif{

jflif{s of]hgf, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 ! @ # $ % = = = = = = = =

6.3

k|d'v sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx? %gf}^ tyf

ah]^ Joj:yf
nIo k|flKt ljZn]if0f tyf k"FhLut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df cflhljof] cjlwleq pknAw x'g] s"n ah]6sf] cfwf/df ;+rfng x'g] d'Vo d'Vo cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx 5gf}6 u/L o; zLif{sdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 . k| To]s cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ah]6 tyf ah]6 pknAw x'g] ;|f]tsf] pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 -cg';"lr!^_ . pknAw x'g] ah]6eGbf a9L ah]6 cfjZos k/]sf] v08df a9L x'g] /sd s;/L k"lt{ ug]{ xf] ;f]sf] n]vfhf]vf ;d]t u/L yk ah]6 h'6fpg] /0fgLlt ;d]t oxfF pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 . k|d'v sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx b]xfosf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ug'{k5{ .
tflnsf g+. 17 k|d'v sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfsf] ljj/-f

qmd

cfof]hgfsfo{qmds f] gfd

of]hgf :yn

nfut cg'dfg

5gf}6 eO;s]sf k|d'v sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfxn] cflhljof]sf] s'g glthf tyf ljifout p2]Zo k|fKt ug{df of]ubfg k'ofpF5 ;f] ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df b]xfoadf]lhdsf] tflnsfdf b]vfpg' kg] {5 .

(128)

tflnsf g+. 18 k|d'v sfo{qmdx?, kl/of]hgf lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;f/f+z

To;sf

k|d'v

ljifout p2]Zo
(Sectoral Objective)

glthfx !=

k|d'v sfo{qmdx !=! !=@ @=! @=@

k|d'v lqmofsnfkx !=! !=@ !=#

(Results) (Major programmes) (Program Components)

!=

@= #= $= @= #= $=

k|d'v sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/-f

o; lzif{s cGtu{t ;+rfngsf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/Psf] cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 . cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f b]xfosf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ug'{k5{ .
tflnsf g+. 19 cfof]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/-f (gd"gf) (Project Briefs)

!= k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] k|s[lt !=! cfof]hgfsf] gfd !=@ cfof]hgf ljj/0f !=# cfof]hgf lsl;d -k"+hLutcGo_ !=$ cfof]hgf :yn !=% cfof]hgf :t/ -/fli6oIf]qLolhNnfOnfsfuflj;gkfj8f_ !=^ nlIft nfeflGjt ;d'bfo @= k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] cg'dflgt c;/ @=! cfof]hgfaf6 ;dfwfg x'g] ;d:ofcj;/ @=@ cfof]hgfsf] sf/0f nfeflGjt ;d'bfodf x'g] ck]lIft kl/jt{g (129)

@=# :yfgLo /fhZj tyf vr{df cfof]hgfsf] k|efj @=$ cfof]hgfaf6 k|efljt x'g] cGo rfn' jf k|:tfljt ultljlwx? #= sfof{Gjog tyf Joj:yfkg #=! ;DefJotf cWoog cfjZos kg]{gkg]{ < kg]{eP s:n] ug]{ < #=@ cg'dflgt cfof]hgf nfut < #=# cfof]hgfsf] ah]6sf] ;|f]t < #=$ sfof{Gjog s:n] ug]{ < #=% ;~rfng s:n] ug]{ < #=^ cfof]hgf cjlwe/ ;+rfng ;+ef/sf] nflu rflxg] ;| f]t ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 5}g < #=& cfof]hgfsf] ;kmntf jf o;af6 x'g] kmfObf ;'lglZrt ug{ s] k"/f ug'{kg]{ xf]< #=* cfof]hgfsf] k|lts"n jftfj/0fLo k|efj kg]{ gkg]{ < k|efj kg]{ eP ;Gt'ng Nofpg s] ug]{ <

6.4

cfof]hgf z'? / ;DkGg x'g] cjlw

(Project Phasing)

tyf sfof{Gjog tflnsf

cfof]hgfx 5gf}6 u/L sfof{nodf cfPkl5 slt ;dofjlw leq k"/f ug]{ xf] ;f]sf] /0fgLlt to ul/g' clt cfjZos 5 . o:tf] /0fgLltsf] cefjdf cfof]hgf z'? ePsf] bzf} jif{ lalt;Sbf klg w]/} cfof]hgfx cw'/f] /x]sf 5g\ . cfof]hgfx lglZrt cjlwleq k"/f ug{ Ifdtf eGbf a9L cfof]hgf ;+rfng ug'{ x'Fb}g . ;fy} sd cjlwleq k"/f ug{ ;lsg] cfof]hgfxsf] 5gf}6 ug'{k5{ . ctM o; lzif{scGtu{t 5gf}6 ul/Psf cfof]hgf z'? tyf ;DkGg x'g] cjlwsf] lgSof]{n ug'{kg]{5 . cflhljof]sf] k"0f{ cjlw -%& jif{_ df sfo{qmdsf] k|s[lt / k| fyldstfcg';f/ s'g jif{ s'g sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ / To;sf] nflu slt ah]6 Joj:yf 5 cflb s'/fx v'n]sf] sfof{Gjog tflnsf ;d]t

(130)

tof/ ug'{k5{ . o;sf cfwf/df kl5 sfof{Gjog txdf cg'udg ug{ klg ;lhnf] k5{ . o;sf] gd'gf cg';"rL!& df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

6.5

k|:tfljt e"pkof]u tyf lhNnf ljsf;sf]

ef}uf]lns vfsf
(Land use and spatial structure)

s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ljsf; e"ld (land) ;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 jf ljsf;sf] c;/ e"lddf kg]{ x'G5 . ctM ljsf;sf] qmddf e"pkof]udf kl/jt{g cfpF5 . ;fy} ef}uf]lns ljsf; vfsfdf kl/jt{g cfpg] x'G5 . ctM cflhljof] cjlwdf x'g] nufgL tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;n] e"pkof]u tyf ef}uf]lns :jkdf s:tf] kl/jt{g Nofpg] ;f]rfO /flvPsf] 5 ;f]sf] ljj]rgf o; lzif{scGtu{t u/L k|:tfljt e"pkof]u tyf ef}uf]lns :jkdf s:tf] kl/jt{g Nofpg] ;f]rfO /flvPsf] 5 ;f]sf] ljj]rgf o; lzif{scGtu{t u/L k|:tfljt e"pkof]u tyf ef}uf]lns :jknfO{ oyfzSo gSzfaf6 b]vfpg'kg]{5 .

6.6
6.6.1

;+u&gfTds ;+/rgf / ljsf; Joj:yfkg

lhDd]jf/L tflnsf

o; tflnsfdf s'g sfo{qmd s;n] ;~rfng ug]{, s;n] cg'udg ug] { / s'g lgsfon] ;xof]uLsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ eGg] s'/f to ul/G5 . o;n] kl5 cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg sfo{df klg ;3fp k'ofpF5 . cfjlws of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;~rfng ul/g] ljleGg sfo{qmdxsf] sfof{Gjog d"nt ljifout sfof{nox, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf;fd'bflos ;\3;+:yfdfkm{t\ Pjd\ lghL If]qsf] kl/rfngf/f ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 . o;df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ;+of]hs, pTk|]/s, ;xof]uL / ;dGjostf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 . k|:t't cfjlws of]hgfsf] bfo/f (framework) leq /x]/ o;n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf nIo / p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltf/f jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g'k5{ cyf{t\ jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6 cflhljof]s} Ps cleGg c+u xf] . -cufl8 tflnsf !& / !* x]g'{xf];\_ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodfjnLn] lgwf{/0f u/]cg';f/ lhDd]jf/L tflnsf tof/ (131)

ubf{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] e"ldsf d"ntM b]xfosf s'/fxdf s]lGb|t /xg] u/L lgwf{/0f ul/g'k5{ . lhNnfsf] of]hgf th'{dfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' agency) .
(district planning

lhNnfsf nflu ljleGg ;fem]bf/x kl/rfng u/L sfo{ cl3 a9fpg] pTk|]/s Pjd\ ;dGjostf{ ;+:yf .

ljsf;

of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug] { lhNnf:t/Lo d'Vo lgsfo . lhNnf ljsf;sf] gLlt lgdf{tf . lhNnfjf;LxnfO{ ljleGg Ph]G;L / ;\3;+:yfdfkm{t ;]jf / ;'ljwf k'ofpg] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] d'Vo lgsfo (service ensuring agency) .

lhDd]jf/L tflnsfsf] gd'gf tn lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+. 20 lhDd]jf/L tflnsfsf] gd'gf

p2]Z o 1= 2=

sfo{qm d

lhDd]jf/L ; ;xof]uL sfof{Gjo dGjostf gstf{ { s}lkm ot

nlIft sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfxsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ nlIft ju{df ;s];Dd a9L nfe k'Ug], Gofof]lrt x'g] Pjd\ cfly{s k|efjsfl/tf (cost-efficiency) ;d]tsf cfwf/df b]xfoadf]lhd j}slNks Joj:yfkg k4lt;d]t cfjZostfg';f/ cjnDjg ug{ ;lsG5 . j:t' jf ;]jf k|efjsf/L kdf nlIft ju{;Dd k'ofpg s/f/ / ;Demf}tf (contracting out) ljlw;d]t ckgfpg] . pkef]Qmf, ;ldlt, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / ;fd'bflos ;\u7g Pjd\ :yfgLo:t/sf cGo ;\3;\u7gdfkm{t\ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ . ;fem]bf/lsf cfwf/df ;d]t sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ . ljsf; sfo{df gful/s ;dfhnfO{ clwstd kl/rfng ug]{ . lghL / Jofj;flos ;\u7gxsf] ;|f]t;fwg / ;Lksf] pkof]u ug{ ;fem]bf/Ldf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .

(132)

6.6.2

cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k$lt

bl/nf] cg'udg / d"Nof+sg k4ltn] g} sfof{GjognfO{ a9L k| efjsf/L, ldtJooL / glthfd'vL agfpF5 . To;}n] of]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ cg'udg s;n], s;/L ug]{, To;sf] tf}/tl/sf s] x'g], cg'udgaf6 b]lvPsf s'/fxsf cfwf/df sfof{Gjog kIf s;/L ;'wfg]{ cflb nufot lgoldt, dWofjlw / clGtd d"Nof+sg s'g lgsfon] s;/L ug]{ / pQ/bfloTjsf] kIf s:tf] x'g] eGg] s'/f ;d]t of]hgf b:tfj]h o;df :ki6 ul/g'k5{ . cg'udg ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fxsf] cfwf/df ug{ ;lsG5 . -s_ sfof{Gjog of]hgf -cg';"rL!&_ -v_ cfof]hgf ljj/0f tflnsf -u_ lhDd]jf/L tflnsf -3_ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] b]xfoadf]lhdsf cfwf/x

bkmf

!!

df

pNn]lvt

;DkGg ePsf k|To]s cfof]hgfsf] Ps jif{kl5 k|efj d"Nof+sg ug]{ . ;~rfng eO/x]sf cfof]hgfxsf] ljifout ljj/0f tyf k|ult d"Nof+sg k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf ug]{ .

;DkGg ePsf cfof]hgfsf] dd{t ;+ef/;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] d"Nof+sg k|To]s jif{ ug]{ .

cfof]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt ;d'bfosf] lsl;d / kl/0ffd klxrfg ug]{ .

cfof]hgfaf6 ePsf] pTkfbg j[l4 Pjd\ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/x klxrfg ug]]{ .

cfof]hgfaf6 kof{j/0fdf k/]sf] k|efj klxrfg ug]{ .

-_ cfof]hgfsf] xsdf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnLsf] lgod @)^ df pNn]lvt b]xfoadf]lhdsf cfwf/df ;d]t cfof]hgfsf] k|efj d"Nof+sg ug'{kg]{M ;fdflhs k|efj cfly{s k|efj ;]jf ;'ljwf jftfj/0fLo k|efj

(133)

cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k|0ffnLsf] 5gf}6 tyf lgwf{/0f b]xfosf s'/fx (factors) nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ug'{k5{ . s] s'/fsf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{kg]{ xf] (what should be measured): clhljof]df p7]sf dxTjk"0f{ d'2fx (crucial issues) xsf] ;dfwfgsf] l:ylt s] 5 jf cflhljof] cjlw leq ul/Psf ultljlwn] oL ;d:ofxdf s:tf] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 ;f] ;DaGwL n]vfhf]vf ug{ cjfZos x'g] x'Fbf s] s] s'/fsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ xf] ;f] sf] cfwf/df cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL lglZrt ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu k|To]s ljifout If]qsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ ;"rsx (indicators) 5gf}6 ug{ ;lsG5 . -cg';"rL!%_ s;sf] nflu o:tf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{kg]{ xf] (for whom it should be measured): cg'udgd"Nof+sg glthfsf] k|of]ustf{ sf] x'g\ ;f] sf] klxrfg u/L k|of]ustf{sf] cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df ;"rgf jf ;"rsx lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 . k|of]ustf{sf] cfwf/df ;"rsx (indicators) nfO{ rf/ k|sf/df ljeQm ug{ ;lsG5 . -!_ nufgL txsf cfwf/e"t ;"rs jf ultljlw ;"rs (input indicator): cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog jf ug'{kg]{ ultljlw s] s] x'g\ < sfo{qmdcfof]hgfnfO{ lglb{i6 ;dodf k"/f ug{ s'g s'g ultljlw slxn] ug'{kg]{ xf] < s] s:tf] ;]jf / ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ xf] < ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] nufgL slt / s;/L ug]{ cflb s'/fx k|f/Dedf lglZrt u/L sfo{of]hgf (plan of operation) tof/ ul/Psf] x'G5 . pNn]lvt s'/fx 7Ls ;dodf eP gePsf] cg'udgsf] nflu d'Vo d'Vo ultljlw (milestone activities) nfO{ ultljlw;"rs (input indicator) sf] kdf klxrfg ug'{k5{ . o;k| sf/sf] ;"rs cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogstf{nfO{ cfjZos k5{ . -@_ k|ltkmn ;"rs (performance/output indicators): cflhljof] sfof{Gjogaf6 lg:sg] glthfnfO{ gfkhfFr ug{sf nflu k|ltkmn ;"rssf] cfjZostf /xG5 . pbfx/0ffy{ dn, ljp, s[lif C0f, k|;f/ ;]jfx input x'g\ eg] s[lif pTkfbg k| ltkmn (output) xf] . k|ltkmn ;"rssf] k| of]ustf{ cg'udg ug]{ tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ lgsfo x'g ;S5 . -#_ c;/ ;"rs (effect indicators): cflhljof] sfof{Gjogaf6 lg:sg] glthfsf] s] s:tf] c;/ kof] ;f] gfkhfFrsf] nflu (134)

c;/ ;"rsxsf] cfjZostf /xG5 . pbfx/0ffy{ s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 ePkl5 s[ifs kl/jf/sf] cfo (income) j[l4 x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf] ;"rssf] k|of]ustf{ of]hgf tyf gLltlgdf{0f txdf /xg] lgsfox x'g ;S5 . -$_ k|efj ;"rs (impact indicators): cflhljof] sfof{Gjogaf6 x'g] c;/sf] s] s:tf] k|efj kof] ;f] gfkhfFrsf] nflu k| efj ;"rsxsf] cfjZostf /xG5 . pbfx/0ffy{ s[ifs kl/jf/sf] cfo (income) j[l4 ePkl5 s[ifs kl/jf/sf] cfo:t/ (income level) df j[l4 x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf] ;"rssf] k| of]ustf{ of]hgf tyf gLlt lgdf{0f txdf /xg] lgsfox x'g ;S5 . cflhljof] th'{dfsf qmddf cg'udg k|0ffnL :ki6 kdf to u/L cg'udgsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{k5{ . :yfgLo :jfoq zf;g P]gdf pNn]lvt dfly j0f{g ul/Psf s'/fxsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/fxsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . o:tf] n]vfhf]vf s;/L ug]{ xf] (how it should be measured ?): lgwf{/0f ul/Psf ;"rsxn] l:yltdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ gfkhfFr ug{ ;S5 ls ;Sb}g eGg] ljifodf Jofks 5nkmn x'g cfjZos 5 . tYof+s;"rgf s;/L ;+sng ug]{ < (how data should be collected): ;"rs ;DaGwL tYof+sx ljZj;gLo / e/kbf]{ x'gsf nflu of] s;/L s;af6 ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/f k|i6 x'g'kb{5 . tYof+ssf] ;|f]t / ;+sng tl/sf e/kbf]{ 5 5}g z'?d} 5nkmn u/L 6'+uf] nufpg'k5{ . ;"rgf slxn] / s:tf] kdf cfjZos kg]{ xf] (when and in what form information is needed): ;"rgfx cfjZos x'g] a]nf pknAw x'g ;Sg] l:yltnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;"rgf slxn] / s:tf] kdf cfjZos k5{ ;f] sf] clu|d kdf cg'dfg ug'{k5{ . ;"rgf ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t't s;n] s] slt ;dodf ug] { xf] (who will collect, analyze, and present the information): cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf] nflu ;"rgf ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t'ltsf] lhDd]jf/L s;sf] xf] / o;sf] nflu slt ;|f]t tyf ;do nfU5 ;f] sf] ;d]t Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

;fy} cg'udg sfo{of]hgfnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L ;"rgf ;+sng, k|zf]wg Pjd\ ljZn]if0fsf] nflu k|ltj]bg lng] / lbg] lhDd]jf/L ls6fg u/L pko'Qm ;+oGq ;d]t tof/ ug'{kb{5 . (135)

gjf} of]hgfn] ul/jL lgjf/0fnfO{ j[xb\ nIosf] kdf c+lusf/ u/]sf] kl/k|]Iodf ul/jL /]vf d'lg /x]sf hg;+Vofsf] u'0f:t/Lo cfwf/e"t ;]jf (quality basic services) / cfly{s cj;/xsf] kx'Frdf clej[l4 ug]{ tyf ltgLxsf] ;+:yfut lgdf{0f u/L /fHo Joj:yf (governance) df k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf a9fpg] sfo{ eP gePsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug{ cfjZos /xG5 . o;sf nflu s]xL ;"rsxsf] gd"gf b]xfo adf]lhd 5 .
tflnsf g+. 21 ljifout ?kdf dfu tyf cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rsx?sf] gd"gf

ljifout If]q v

dfutkm{sf] ;"rs
(demand side)

cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rs
(supply side indicator)

lzz'x?sf] hd/f s'kf]lift slDtdf 2=5 lsnf]sf] fB tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ k'gM:yfl x'g'kg]{ . kf]if0f kt (rehabilitated) ug'{kg]{ . kfr afnaflnsf tyf jif{ d'lgsf lzz'x? sd cfdfnfO{ micro-nutrient tf}n (severly or supplements k|bfg ug]{ . moderately underweight) cfdf lzz' :ofxf/ gx'g'kg]{ . ;DaGwL k|;f/ ;]jf ;+rfng ue{jtL ug'{kg]{ . tyf ;'Ts]/L cfdf vfB pTkfbg tyf (pregnant and lactating j[l$ sfo{qmd kl/jf/ mother) nfO{ iron tyf tyf ;d'bfo;Dd k'u]sf] iodine sf] sdL x''g'kg]{ . gx'g'kg]{ . k|f/lDes :jf:Yo ;]jf : tflndk|fKt (primary health care facilities) jf:Yo :jf:YosdL{sf] /]vb]v sf] nflu 6 ls=ld= eGbf df lzz' hGd x'g'kg] a(L lx+*\g' gkg]{ . {. *fS^/ ePsf] ;/sf/L Ps jf lghL lSnlgsdf kx'r . jif{ d'lgsf ;a} lzz'x? ;fdfGo /f]syfd n] vf]k kfPsf] ug{ ;lsg] /f]ux? x'g'kg]{ . (lgdf]lgof, emf*fkvfnf ue{jtL cfdfn] cflb) sf] kof{Kt Joj:yfkg l^^fg; ^f]S;fO*sf] ug{ ;Sg] :jf:YosdL{ tyf b'O{ dfqf kfPsf] bafOcf}iflwx?sf] x'g'kg]{ . pknAwtf l:ylt (136)

ljifout If]q

dfutkm{sf] ;"rs
(demand side)

cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rs
(supply side indicator)

kfr jif{ d'lgsf afnsnfO{ emf*fkvfnf (diarrhea episode) Psk^seGbf a(L gnfUg'kg]{ .

/f]syfd ug{ ;lsg] /f]uaf^ kl/jf/df tflndk|fKt :jf:YosdL{ (trained s;}sf] d[To' gx'g' community health worker) k| kg]{ . To]s j*fdf sDtLdf Pp^f ljjflxtx?df x'g'kg]{ . kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jf Ifo/f]u nIf)fx? k'u]sf] x'g'kg]{ . hfrL ;s]sf] lgbfg ug'{kg]{ . :s"n] ljBfyL{x? nfO{ h'sf tyf cGo k/lhjL lgoGq)f bafOcf}iflw k| bfg u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ . v vfg]kfgLsf] fg]kfg nflu Ps kl/jf/n] 10 L ldg]^eGbf a(L tyf lx+\*\g' gkg]{ . ;/;kmf k|To]s #/df O :jR% rkL{ (waterseated, flush type)

:jf:Yo rf}sLx?df Ps dlxgfsf] nflu rflxg] cTofjZos bafOcf}iflwx?sf] df}Hbft x'g'kg]{ (essential drugs) .

x'g'kg]{ . ; JolQm lj?$ x'g] ck/fw -xTof, fj{hlgs anfTsf/, b'Jo{jxf/, ;'/Iff zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s rf]^k^s cflb_ af^ kl/jf/ ;b:o ;'/lIft x'g'kg]{ . ;DklQ lj?$ x'g] ck/fw -*s}lt, rf]/L, anhkm\tL, (137)

b}jLk|sf]k p$f/ ;ldlt k|efjsf/L x'g'kg]{ . k|fs[lts k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;ldlt ;Ifd x'g'kg]{ .

ljifout If]q

dfutkm{sf] ;"rs
(demand side)

cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rs
(supply side indicator)

rGbf ;+sng, cflb_ af^ kl/jf/ ;b:o ;'/lIft x'g'kg]{ . k|fs[lts k| sf]kaf^ kl/jf/ ;b:o kLl*t gx'g'kg]{ . ljBfno kl/Tofu u/]sf o'jf tyf k|f}(sf] nflu ;fIf/tf sIff ;+rfng zf/Ll/s ?kn] czQmx?sf] nflu lzIff

c tLgb]lv kfr fwf/e"t jif{sf afnaflnsf lzIff lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb| jf tyf k"j{ k|fylds ljBfno ;fIf/tf hfg] u/]sf]

ljBfyL{lzIfs 6 b]lv 12 cg'kft jif{sf afnaflnsf k| ljBfyL{ f/lDes :s"n (elementary sf]&fa]Gr cg'kft school) hfg] u/]sf ;fIf/tf b/, ljBfno 1316 jif{sf hfg] b/df j[l$ ljBfyL{ dfWolds ljBfno hfg] u/]sf ljBfno b/df sdL kl/Tofu

bz jif{ dflysf ;Gtf]ifhgs ljBfyL{ kl/jf/ ;b:ox?n] n]vk( pQL)f{ b/ tyf ;fwf/)f ul)ft -;fIf/_ hfGg] x'g'kg] {. c #/d"nL s[lif pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf j[l$ fo tyf /f]huf/k]zfdf hLjgof nfu]sf] JolQm tyf ;fd'bflos pBd ;+rfngdf kg #/sf] jo:s j[l$ ;b:o k]zf /f]huf/df :yfgLo :t/df nfu]sf] /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/x?df j[l$ kl/jf/sf] cGo :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] Go"gtd :t/ ahf/Ls/)f ;]jf (subsistence threshold pTkfbg / level) eGbf dfly pTkfbsTjsf] j[l$sf nflu /x]sf] (138)

ljifout If]q

dfutkm{sf] ;"rs
(demand side)

cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rs
(supply side indicator)

s nufgLstf{n] hf{ ;]jf dfu]sf] a]nf shf{ k| fKt u/]sf]

pko'Qm k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf k|j${g dlxnfx?sf] /f]huf/Ldf j[l$ k/Dk/fut tyf :yfgLo k|ljlwx?sf] ljsf;, ;Da${g tyf ;+/If)f ;xsfl/tfsf] ljsf; sfdbf/x?sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff pTkfbgzLn ultljlwsf] nflu kof{Kt dfqfdf shf{ k|bfg ePsf] . pTkfbgzLn ultljlwdf uPsf] shf{sf] ;Gtf]ifhgs C)f e'QmfgL b/ /x]sf] . pTkfbgzLn ultljlwsf] nflu klxnf] shf{ (first loan) k|bfg ul/Psf] . pTkfbgzLn ultljlwsf] nflu gof shf{ (new loan) k|bfg ul/Psf] .

j ftfj/0f Joj:yfk g

lbuf] tYo jftfj/)f d}qL ;|f]t pkof]u tyf pko'Qm k| ljlwnfO{ ckgfOPsf] . jftfj/)f d}qL kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg k|)ffnL :yfkgf u/]sf] . pko'Qm e" pkof]u of]hgf (139)

ljifout If]q k "jf{wf/ ljsf; yfgLo Ifdtf lgdf{0 f tyf hg;xe flutf :

dfutkm{sf] ;"rs
(demand side)

cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rs
(supply side indicator)

sfof{Gjog u/]sf] . #/#/df ljh'nL k'u]sf] ;+rf/ ;'ljwfdf kx'r x'nfs ;'ljwfdf kx'r ahf/ ;'ljwfsf] : yfkgf af(L lgoGq)f ;'ljwf l;+rfO k|)ffnL lj:tf/ :jf:Yo s]Gb| lgdf{)f ;*s lgdf{)f tyf ;Def/ k"nk"n];f lgdf{)f tyf ;Def/ ;fd'bflos ; +:yfdf ;b:otf lng] #/ ;+Vof :yfgLo u};;x? sf] :yfgLo lgsfodf k| ltlglwTj ;d'bfodf art kl/rfng ;fd'bflos C)f nufgL

6.6.3

dWofjlw / clGtd d"Nof+sg

lgoldt kdf cg'udg, d"Nof+sg / ;dLIffsf cltl/Qm cfjlws of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] t];|f] jif{df :jtGq k]zfljb\ d"Nof+sgstf{ ;d]t /x]sf] 6f]nLn] uxg cWoog u/L cfjlws of]hgfsf] dWofjlw d"Nof+sg ug]{ s'/f ;d]t b:tfj]hdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 . dWofjlw d"Nof+sg ug]{ 6f]nLdf /xg] cGo (140)

;b:ox / o;sf] sfo{If]q / sfo{ljlw lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf lhNnf kl/ifb\n] lg0f{o u/L lgwf{/0f ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 . dWofjlw d"Nof+sg 6f]nLn] u/]sf l;kmfl/zsf cfwf/df cfjlws of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog cem k|efjsf/L kdf cl3 a9fOg' ;xh Pj+ pko'Qm x'G5 . dWofjlw d"Nof+sg ubf{ cGo s'/fxsf cltl/Qm ;"rsxsf] ; +VofTds / u'0ffTds l:ylt, ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltsf] ljsf;, cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ubf{sf avt ;+sng x'g g;s]sf t/ lglZrt ;do leq ;+sng ug]{ elgPsf tYof+sxsf] cBfjlws l:ylt cflbsf] ;d]t j:t'ut kdf d"Nof+sg ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} o;/L yk kdf ; +slnt / cBfjlws tYof+s / ;"rgfnfO{ pkof]u ub}{ hfg] kl/kf6L a;fNg'k5{ . ;fy} cflhljof]sf] clGtd jif{df of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf ;"rsxsf] cfwf/df ;+VofTds, u'0ffTds / k|lqmofut ;Dk"0f{ kIfx ;d]6\g] u/L clGtd d"Nof+sg ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] lgrf]8sf] ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df cfufdL cjlwsf] cflhljof] th'{df ug'{k5{ .

6.7

cflhljof] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k"j{tof/L tyf

jflif{s nufgL sfo{qmd

6.7.1 cflhljof]sf] :jLs[lt tyf k|sfzg

cflhljof] b:tfj]h tof/ eO;s]kl5 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] a}7n] kfl/t u/L :jLs[ltsf nflu lhNnf kl/ifb\df k7fpg' kg]{5 . lhNnf kl/ifb\n] cflhljof]nfO{ :jLs[t u/]kl5 ;f] df k|ltlqmofsf] nflu :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno dfkm{t\ /fli6o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno tyf ljifout dGqfnoxdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 k|fKt ;'emfj tyf k|ltlqmof adf]lhd cflhljof]df cfjZos ; +zf]wg ug'{kg]{ eP ;f] u/L cflhljof]sf] k|sfzg ug'{k5{ .

6.7.2

cflhljof]sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k"j{tof/L

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cflhljof] b:tfj]h kfl/t eO;s]kl5 ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug'{kg]{ tyf ;a} ;/f]sf/ kIfaLr ;dGjo, ;dembf/L tyf ;fem]bfl/tf ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf ;a} ;/f]sf/ kIfxsf] ;xeflutfdf Ps sfof{Gjog k"j{tof/L uf]i7L ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

6.7.3

jflif{s nufgL sfo{qmd

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdxnfO{ sfof{Gjog of]hgf (implementation design) df pNn]v ul/P adf]lhd sfof{Gjogsf] nflu jflif{s ah]6 l;ln, /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u tyf ljifout dGqfnosf] dfu{lgb]{zgsf] cfwf/df k|To]s cfly{s jif{df sfof{Gjogsf nflu jflif{s nufgL of]hgf jf sfo{qmd tof/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gn] nfe nfut ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg ;d]t /fv]sf]n] k|fyldstfqmddf /x]sf cfof]hgfx sfof{Gjogsf] nflu 5gf}6 ug'{ k"j{ tL cfof]hgfxsf] ;DefJotf cWoog u/L ;DefJo cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdnfO{ dfq jflif{s nufgL sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ .

sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog

cflhljof]df ;dfj]z ul/Psf cfof]hgfsfo{qmdx nufgLsf] lx;fan] ;fgf, demf}nf jf 7"nf vfnsf klg x'g ;S5g\ . cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] cfsf/sf] lx;fan] ;DefJotf cWoog klg s'g} cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] nflu lj:t[t kdf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 eg] s'g} cfof]hgf sfo{qmdsf] nflu df]6fdf]6L kdf ubf{ k'Ug] x'G5 . cfof]hgfsfo{qmdsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ubf{ b[li6ut ug'{kg]{ s'/f lgDgadf]lhd 5g\ .

;DefJotf cWoog s] xf] <

of] Ps k|lqmof xf] h;af6 k|:t't cfof]hgf pknJw ahf/, k| fljlws, ljQLo tyf cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] ;+rfng of]Uo (viable) 5 5}g eGg] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ;|f]t tyf ;fwgsf] ;Lldttfn] ubf{ :yfgLo rfxgfsf ;a} cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ g;lsg] x'Fbf k|lt:kwf{df /x]sf ;+efljt cfof]hgfxdWo]af6 ;a}eGbf

(142)

pQd cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ ;DefJotf cWoogn] d2t ub{5 . o;n] cfof]hgf Jojxfl/s (practical) tyf wfGg ;lsg] (viable) 5 5}g eGg] 5fgaLg ub{5 .

;DefJotf cWoogsf] d'Vo d'Vo c+ux?

(Major components of the feasibility study)

;DefJotf cWoog cGtu{t b]xfosf ljZn]if0fx ul/G5 . ahf/ ljZn]if-f cfof]hgfsf] k|ltkmn (output) sf] clGtd k|of]ustf{ (end-users) sf] sf] x'g\ < cfof]hgfaf6 lg:sg] pTkfbg jf ;]jfsf] dfu s] slt 5 tyf s] slt ahf/ d"Nodf ;f] pknAw 5 eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ ahf/ ljZn]if0fdf vf]lhG5 . o;n] lglZrt pTkfbgsf] dfu cfk"lt{ l:yltsf] n]vfhf]vf ub{5 . k|fljlws ljZn]if-f nlIft ju{ jf ahf/n] ck]Iff u/] cg'ksf] u'0f:t/, kl/df0f, nfut tyf ;dodf cfof]hgfn] pTkfbg jf ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;S5 jf ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fsf] n]vfhf]vf k|fljlws ljZn]if0faf6 lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws ljZn]if0fdf b]xfosf s'/fxsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{k5{M cfof]hgfsf] cfsf/, cfof]hgf :yn tyf k|ljlw cfjZostf jf dfu cg'ksf] 5 5}g tyf pko'Qm 5 5}g < cfof]hgfsf] x/]s k|fljlws kIf (all technical features) :ki6 u/L kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 5}g tyf sltsf] Jojxfl/s (workable), k"0f{ (adequate) tyf ;fdflhs kn] :jLsf/of]uo (socially acceptable) 5 < ahf/ ljZn]if0f (market analysis) k|fljlws ljZn]if0f (technical analysis) ljQLo ljZn]if0f (financial analysis) cfly{s ljZn]if0f (economic analysis) jftfj/0fLo ljZn]if0f (environmental analysis) n}+lus ljZn]if0f (gender analysis) ;+u7g Joj:yfkg ljZn]if0f (operational analysis)

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cfof]hgfsf] nflu rflxg] ;fdu|Lx (input kl/df0f tyf u'0f:t/sf] pknAw 5 5}g <

resources)

cfjZos

cfof]hgfn] lg/Gt/ kdf ljZj;gLo 9+un] ck]Iff u/] cg'k ;]jf ;fdu|L pTkfbg ug{ ;S5 ;Sb}g . :yfgLo txaf6 dd{t ;+ef/ ug{ k|fljlws kdf slQsf] ;Dej 5.

ljQLo ljZn]if-f cfof]hgf Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0fn] u|fXo (commercial viability) 5 5}g eGg] ljQLo ljZn]if0fn] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . cfof]hgfn] C0f nufgL (debt obligations) tyf ;+rfng vr{ (cost of operation) p7fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf 5 5}g eGg] n]vfhf]vf ub{5 . ljQLo ljZn]if0fn] b]xfosf s'/fx :ki6 kf5{ . cfof]hgfdf s] slt k"FhLsf] cfjZos k5{ . cfjZos k"FhLsf] nufgL ;|f]t cfof]hgfsf] ljQLo pknlAw 5 5}g .
(funding source)

s] x'g ;S5 . ;Gtf]ifhgs

(financial performance)

s[lif ljsf; cfof]hgfs]f ljQLo ljZn]if0f ubf{ kmfd{ cfo ljZn]if0f (farm income analysis) ug{ ;lsG5 . s[lif kmfd{df yk nufgL ubf{ s] slt yk cfo k|fKt x'G5 eGg] n]vfhf]vf ug'{k5{ . sltko cfhf]gfx ljQLo b[li6sf]0fn] u|fXo (viable) geP klg ;fdflhs kn] kmfObfhgs (socially beneficial) x'g] x'Fbf sfof{Gjog ug'{kg] { l:ylt cfpg] x'G5 . cfly{s ljZn]if-f cfly{s ljZn]if0fn] cfof]hgf ;d'bfosf] nflu slQsf] kmfObfhgs 5 eGg] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . cfof]hgfn] lhNnf/fi6sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs lxt (welfare) df slQsf] of]ubfg (net contribution) k'ofpF5 eGg] n]vfhf]vf u5{ . cfof]hgfsf] nfut (cost) eGbf kmfObf (benefit) a9L eof] eg] Tof] cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] u|fXo (viable) x'G5 . jftfj/-fLo ljZn]if-f

(144)

cfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fdf x'g] c;/ pNn]vgLo (significant) ePsf] v08df 5'} jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg (environmental impact assessment/EIA) ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . s] s:tf] cfof]hgfxsf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo d"Nof+sg (intial environmental examination/IEE) ug'{kg]{ xf] jf s] s:tf] cfof]hgfsf] nflu EIA cfjZos k5{ ;f] ;DaGwLt P]g lgoddf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . P]g / lgoddf Joj:yf eP adf]lhdsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg u/fP/ dfq cfof]hgf sfof{Gjo ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cfof]hgfn] jftfj/0fdf s] s:tf] k|efj kf5{, ;f] k|efj pNn]vgLo (significant) 5 5}g tyf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogaf6 jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k| efjnfO{ 36fpg (mitigation) ;lsG5 jf ;lsb}g . 36fpg ;lsg] eP s] s:tf] 36fpg] pkfox (migitation measures) ug{ ;lsG5, tyf jftfj/0fLo c;/ 36fpg] sfo{sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL s:tf] x'g'kg]{ xf] eGg] tYox jftfj/0fLo ljZn]if0fn] lgwf{/0f u5{ .

(145)

n}+lus ljZn]if-f o;df s'g} klg cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdn] dlxnf / k'?ifdWo] s'g ju{nfO{ a9L kmfObf k'U5 ;fdflhs ;dfgtf / sfo{af]emdf ;Gt'ng Nofpgdf pQm cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdn] sltsf] d2t k'ofpF5 jf k'ofpFb}g eGg] s'/fxsf] ljj]rgf / ljZn]if0f ul/g'k5{ . -cg';"rL(_ ;+u&g Joj:yfkg ljZn]if-f o;k|sf/sf] ljZn]if0fn] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu pko'Qm ; +u7gfTds :jk s:tf] x'g'kg]{] xf], cfof]hgfsf] nflu s] slt hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf kb{5, cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug] { jt{dfg ;+u7gsf] Ifdtf s:tf] 5 eGg] ljifosf] ljj]rgf ub{5 . o;sf ;fy} cfof]hgfsf] Jojxfl/stf (practicability) tyf cfjZostf (desirability) df c;/ kfg]{ /fhgLlts, ;+:yfut, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts h:tf dxTjk"0f{ kIfnfO{ ;d]6L ljZn]if0f ub{5 . cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ubf{ ljrf/ k'ofpg' kg]{ k|d'v s'/fxsf] ;"rL (checklist) tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 . ;fy} 7"nf cfof]hgfxsf] nflu tof/ ul/g] lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog k| ltj]bgsf] ljifo;"rLsf] gd"gf klg tn lbOPsf] 5 .

(146)

tflnsf g+. 22 cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ubf{ ljrf/ ug'{kg] { s'/fx? (Ps gd"gf)
v08 (Component) ahf/ ljZn]if0f
Market Analysis

p2]Zo

(Objective)

glthf

(Output)

ug'{kg]{ sfo{x
work/inputs)

(Scope of

k|fljlws ljZn]if0f
Technical Analysis

ljQLo ljZn]if0f
Financial Analysis

cfof]hgfaf6 pTkflbt ;fdu|L jf ;]jfsf] slt dfu 5 < s] slt laqmL x'g ;S5 tyf s] slt laqm|L ug'{k5{ eGg] lgwf{/0f ug]{ . nlIft ju{ jf ahf/n] ck]Iff u/] h:tf] u'0f:t/, kl/df0f, nfut tyf ;do cg'ksf] ;fdu|L jf ;]jf pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] lgwf{/0f ug]{ . cfof]hgfdf s] slt k"FhLsf] cfjZostf 5, cfjZos k"FhL stfaf6 h'6fpg] tyf cfof]hgfsf] ljQLo pknlAw ;Gtf]ifhgs 5 jf 5}g ;f] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

dfucfk"lt{ l:ylt pTkflbt ;fdu| ljZn]if0f L;]jfsf] nflu ljBdfg dfFu tyf cfk"lt{sf] cg'dfg eljiodf x'g] dfFu / cfk"lt{sf] k| If]k0f

pTkfb g ljj/0f
(product specification)

ahf/ ljj/0f
specification)

(market

nufgL tyf k|If]lkt nfut pTkfbg s"n cfof]hgf nfut sf]ifsf ] ;|f]t
funds) (source of

gfkmf / gf]S;fgL k| If]k0f gub k|jfx (cash flow) cfDbf gL vr{ ljj/0f
(balance sheet)

laqmLk| If]k0f:6s gLlt j}slNks k|ljlwx pTkfbg ;fdu|L, kl/df0f tyf nfut l:y/ k"FhL nufgL sfo{ ;~rfng k"FhL C0f nufgL laqmL tyf nfut

cfly{s ljZn]if0f ;fdflhs cfly{s Economic Analysis b[li6sf]0faf6 cfof]hgf cfjZos 5 5}g lgwf{/0f ug]{ jftfj/0fLo cfof]hgf jftfj/0f ljZn]if0f d}qL 5 5}g Env'tal Analysis lgwf{/0f ug]{

ljQLo cg'kft ljZn]if0f ;fdflhs nfe nfut cfly{s ljZn]if0f kmfO bfx cfof]h gfs]f jftfj/0f df x'g] gsf/fT ds tyf k|f/lDes jftfj/0f d"Nof+sg jftfj/0f k|efj d"Nof+sg

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; +u7gJoj:yfk g ljZn]if0f
O & M Analysis

cfof]hgfsf] pko'Qm ;+u7gfTds :jk, hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf tyf ;+rfng cjlw lgwf{/0f ug]{

;sf/fT ds c;/x ; +u7gfTds 9fFrf hgzlQ m cfjZostf cfof]h gfsf] ;do ;fl/0fL

;+u7gfTds :jk ljZn]if0f ahf/Ls/0f, pTkfbg, k|zf;g, n]vf, ; +rfngsf] nflu sd{rf/L cfjZostf ljZn]if0f ahf/Ls/0f, pTkfbg, ;+rfng of]hgf

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tflnsf g+. 23 ;DefJotf cWoog kmd]{^sf] gd"gf

!= cfof]hgf ljj/0f

(Project Profile)

cfof]hgfsf] k|s[lt, d'Vo sfo{x, dxTjk"0f{ :jk cfof]hgf :yn nlIft ju{ ljQLo cfjZostf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo ahf/, k|fljlws, ljQLo, cfly{s, jftjf/0fLo tyf ; +u7gfTds b[li6sf]0fn] cfof]hgf u|fXo 5 5}g ;f] sf] ljj]rgf
(Background)

@= k[i7e"ld

cfof]hgfn] ;dfwfg ug]{ ;d:of jf cj;/sf] ljj/0f cfof]hgfsf] cf}lrTo

(rationale or justification)

k|efljt If]qsf] ljj]rgf tyf cfof]hgfsf] cGt/;DaGw

(Market Study)

#= ahf/ cWoog

cfof]hgfn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf jf pTkfbg ;fdu| Lsf] ljut, jt{dfg tyf eljiodf x'g] dfFusf] ljZn]if0f To:tf] ;]jf;'ljwf jf pTkfbg ;fdu|Lsf] ;|f]tx / ljut tyf ljBdfg cfk"lt{ l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f cGo ahf/ ;DaGwL kIfxsf] ljZn]if0f ahf/ ;DaGwL ;DefJotf cWoogsf] lgrf]8
(Technical Study)

$= k|fljlws kIfsf] cWoog

cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ j}slNks pkfoxsf] k| fljlws ;DefJotf ef}lts ;|f]t cfjZostf ;fdflhs ;DefJotf -k|ljlwsf] pko'Qmtf, hg;xeflutf, ;fdflhs afwf c8\rgx_ lgdf{0f sfo{of]hgf tyf ;+rfng k|fljlws cWoogsf] lgrf]8

(149)

%= nfut nfe ljZn]if0f

(Cost Benefit Study) (life time)

cfof]hgfsf] hLjgsfn k"FhLut nfut

e/ nfUg] nfut

(cost)

;+rfng tyf ;Def/ nfut

(life time)

cfof]hgfsf] hLjgsfn

e/ x'g] kmfObfx

(150)

;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? (References)

Adhikari Damodar (1998), Towards a Sustainable Solid Waste Collection Approach, A Case Study of Batangas City, Philippines, School of Urban and Regional planning, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Queson City. Advisories for Local Development Investment Programme (1994), Guidelines for Local Planning, NEDA/DILD/League of Province, municipalities, Vities and Liga NG MGA Barangay, Philippines. Asian Regional Environmental Assessment Programme, (1996), EIA Training Manual for Professionals and Managers, The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Kathmandu, Nepal. Bernd Jenssen (Ed.), (1992), Planning as Dialogue: Selected Methods in District Development Planning and Management, University of Dortmund, Germany. Canadian Co-operation Office (1995), Gender Analysis Guidelines, Kathmandu, Nepal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), (1989), Managing On-site Project Implementation: A Guideline, Federal Republic of Germany. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, (1979), Guidelines for Rural Centre Planning, United Nations, New York. Guy Benveniste (1989), Mastering the Politics of Planning: Crafting Credible Plans and Policies That Make a Difference, Jossey-Bass Publishers, London. H. Detlef Kammeier and Peter J Swan (Ed.) )1984), Equity with Growt: Planning Perspectives for Small Towns in Developing Countries, AIT, Bangkok Law Books Management Board, (2055), Local Self-Governance Act, 2055, Ministry of Law and Justice, HMG/Nepal, Kathmandu. Law Books Management Board, (2056), Local Self-Governance Regulations, 2056, Ministry of Law and Justice, HMG/Nepal, Kathmandu. National Economic and Development Authority (1984), Project Development Manual, Republic of the Philippines, Manila National Economic and Development Authority (1984), Project Development Manual, Republic of the Philippines, Manila, the Philippines. National Economic and Development Authority, (1995), Guidelines for the Preparation of the Regional Physical Framework Plan, Republic of the Philippines, National Planning Commission (2055), The Ninth Plan, His Majesty's Government of Nepal, Kathmandu Nicholas Schall (1993), Appropriate Techniques for Regional Development Planning and Management, SPRING Working Papers, University of Dortmund, Germany. Participatory District Development Programme, (2000), District Development Planning and Management: Manual for District Development Planners, NPC/MLD/UNDP, Kathmandu, Nepal Rondinelli, D.A. (1985), Applied Methods of Regional Analysis: The Spatial Dimentions of Development Policies, West View Press-London. School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines and Facultat Raumplanung, SPRING Centrum, University of Dortmund, (1998), Comprehensive Development Plan for the Batangas Bay Area, Volume I and II, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.

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School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines and Facultat Raumplanung, SPRING Centrum, University of Dortmund, (1997), Comprehensive Development Plan for Guimras Provice, Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Society for Environment and Development (1999), A Training Manual (Local SelfGovernance Act and Regulations) for VDC Officials, Kathmandu, Nepal. Strategic Planning and Policy Division (1999), Is a Project Being Managed for Development Results: Integration of RBM Principle in Project Monitoring, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Asia Branch Tridiv Borah and Roswitha Piesch (Compiled), (1996), Reader on Agriculture, University of Dortmund, Germany.

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tfln s fx ? s f] ;" rL
tflnsf g+. 1tYof+s / of]hgfaLrsf] ;DaGw....................................34 tflnsf g+. 2;xeflutfd"ns k$lt / k|fljlws kIf aLrsf] ;Gt'lnt lqmofsnfk 38 tflnsf g+. 3le/fnf]kg juL{s/-f ug]}{ cfwf/...................................45 tflnsf g+. 4s[lif e"pkof]u lsl;d (Agriculture Land Use Type).....46 tflnsf g+. 5j:tLx?sf] juL{s/-f.......................................................50 tflnsf g+. 6j:tL juL{s/-fsf nflu cfwf/sf ?kdf lnOg] ;]jfsf] lsl;d / k|sf/ 50 tflnsf g+. 7kfl/jfl/s ;DkGgtfsf] :t/ ...............................................58 tflnsf g+. 8s"n ;LdfGt ljZn]if-f (gross margin) (gd"gf 1)............61 tflnsf g+. 9k|d'v pTkfbgsf] s"n ;LdfGt ljZn]if-f (gross margin calculation) (gd"gf 2)................................................................62 tflnsf g+. 10;d:of;jfn ljZn]if-f tflnsf .........................................94 tflnsf g+. 11k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsfo{qmd ;DaGwL k+lhsf ...........117 tflnsf g+. 12Gkl/k"/scg's"n ;DaGw ljZn]if-fsf] gd"gf ........119 tflnsf g+. 13sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] k|f/lDes ;"rL....................119 tflnsf g+. 14nIo k|flKt ljZn]if-f tflnsf (gd"gf)............................122 tflnsf g+. 15nIo k|flKt ljZn]if-f d"Nof+sgaf^ k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/-f (gd'gf).....................................................................................123 tflnsf g+. 16k"+hLut cfof]hgf k|fyldstf ljZn]if-f (gd'gf)............125 tflnsf g+. 17k|d'v sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfsf] ljj/-f........................128 tflnsf g+. 18k|d'v sfo{qmdx?, kl/of]hgf / To;sf k|d'v lqmofsnfkx? sf] ;f/f+z..................................................................................129 tflnsf g+. 19cfof]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/-f (gd"gf) (Project Briefs).....129 tflnsf g+. 20lhDd]jf/L tflnsfsf] gd'gf.........................................132 tflnsf g+. 21ljifout ?kdf dfu tyf cfk"lt{tkm{sf] ;"rsx?sf] gd"gf 136 tflnsf g+. 22cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ubf{ ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fx? (Ps gd"gf)................................................................................147 tflnsf g+. 23;DefJotf cWoog kmd]{^sf] gd"gf.........................149

lrq x ? s f] ;" r L
lrq g+. 1.ljleGg txsf of]hgfx?aLr cGt/;DaGw / ;dGjo..................30

lrq g+. 2.of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof..................................................35 lrq g+. 3.hf]lvd kIfx?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ tl/sf.............................109 lrq g+. 4.;f]rb]lv ljleGg txsf p@]Zox?aLrsf] cGt;{DaGw..........111 lrq g+. 5.bL#{sfnLg ;f]rb]lv sfo{qmd;Ddsf] ts{a$ <[\vnf.....113 lrq g+. 6.tYof+s;"rgf ljZn]if-f, ;fem]bf/x?sf sfo{qmd tyf :yfgLo hgrfxgfaLrsf] ;lDdng / ;Gt'ng...................................................127

(154)

z A b ;+ If]k
cflhljof] M
STD :

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

uflj; lhlj;

M M

ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt gu/kflnsf /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno

g=kf= M

/f=of]=cf= M :yf=lj=d+= M u};;

BOT

M
:

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf
Build, Operate and Transfer

o f]h g f;D a G w L s ]x L z A b fjn L x ? s f] k l/e fiff

(O p e ra tio n a l D e fin itio n s )
cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf lgb] {zsljsf; l;4fGt nIo lhNnf ljsf;sf p2]Zo sfo{qmd /0fgLlt ultljlw M o;nfO{ efu @ sf] @=! df kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ljsf;nfO{ bL3{sfndf stflt/ n}hfg] eGg] s'/f lgb]{lzt ug]{ k|lta4tf ;lxtsf] Jofks If]q ;d]6\g] a[xt\ gLlt lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf ;dli6ut p2]Zox xfl;n eO;s]kl5 glhs k'lug] pRrtd cj:yf nIodf k'Ug of]ubfg ug]{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf;sf ;dli6ut p2]Zox glthf / p2]Zox kl/k"lt{df k|ToIf ;xof]u k'ofpg] lqmofsnfkx ;d]6\g] a[xt\ ultljlw elfjiodf xfl;n ug{ /flvPsf] nIo jf p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ df}h'bf cj:yfdf lnOg'kg]{ gLltut sbd sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf k|ToIf ;xof]u k'ofO{ glthf xfl;n ug{ ;xof]u ug]

M M M M M

;"rs hf]lvd kIf

M M

{ lqmofsnfkx cfzfltt k|ltkmn k|fKt eP gePsf] j:t'ut, kl/df0ffTds / u'0ffTds kdf dfkg ug]{ cfwf/ of]hgf Joj:yfkgsf] lgoGq0fdf g/x]sf], t/ of]hgfsf] nIo, p2]Zo / glthf xfl;n ug{ k|efj kfg]{ ;Defljt cj:yf jf tTj

(156)

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In t r o d u c t io n , P o lic y

v ) * v M o f] h g f t h '{ d (f rf
P la n n in g F r a m e

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D a ta b a s e & In fo r m

v )* # M o f]h g f ty f s

P la n n in g a n d P r o g

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Im e p le m e n t a t io n

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A nnexes