GRPM_7UM622

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Definite-Time Overcurrent Protection (I>>, ANSI 50, 51, 67) with Direction Detection
............................................................................................................................................................ The overcurrent protection is used as backup protection for the short-circuit protection of the protected object. It also provides backup protection for downstream network faults which may be not promptly disconnected thus endangering the protected object. The 7UM62 relay allows to choose between the input transformers of side 1 and side 2 for allocation of the overcurrent protection function. This choice is made during configuration (see Section Functional Scope). In order to ensure that pick-up always occurs even with internal faults, the protection - for generators - is usually connected to the current transformer set in the neutral leads of the machine. If this is not the case for an individual power system, the I>> stage can be combined with a short-circuit direction determination and switch off a generator short circuit by way of an undelayed tripping; the selectivity is not affected by this. Initially the currents are numerically filtered so that only the fundamental frequency currents are used for the measurement. This makes the measurement insensitive to transient conditions at the inception of a shortcircuit and to asymmetrical short-circuit currents (d.c. component).

Definite-Time Overcurrent Protection (I>, ANSI 50/51) with Undervoltage Seal-In

......................................................................................................................................................... The overcurrent protection is used as backup protection for the short-circuit protection of the protected object. It also provides backup protection for downstream network faults which may be not promptly disconnected thus endangering the protected object. The 7UM62 relay allows to choose between the input transformers of side 1 and side 2 for allocation of the overcurrent protection function. This choice is made during configuration (see Section Functional Scope). Initially the currents are numerically filtered so that only the fundamental frequency currents are used for the measurement. This makes the measurement insensitive to transient conditions at the inception of a shortcircuit and to asymmetrical short-circuit currents (d.c. component). In generators where the excitation voltage is taken from the machine terminals, the short-circuit current subsides quickly in the event of adjacent faults (i.e. in the generator or unit transformer region) due to the absence of excitation voltage. Within a few seconds it sinks below the pick-up value of the overcurrent time protection. To avoid that the relay drops out again, the I> stage monitors the positive-sequence component of the voltages and uses it as an additional criterion for detecting a short-circuit. The undervoltage influencing can be disabled off and made ineffective via binary input.

Inverse-Time Overcurrent Protection (ANSI 51V)

........................................................................................... The overcurrent time protection represents the short-circuit protection for small or low-voltage machines. For larger machines it is used as back-up protection for the machine short-circuit protection (differential protection and/or impedance protection). It provides back-up protection for network faults which may be not promptly disconnected thus endangering the machine. The 7UM62 relay allows to choose between the input transformers of side 1 and side 2 for allocation of the inverse-time overcurrent protection function. This choice is made during configuration (see Section Functional Scope). In generators where the excitation voltage is taken from the machine terminals, the short-circuit current subsides quickly in the event of adjacent faults (i.e. in the generator or unit transformer region) due to the absence of excitation voltage. Within a few seconds it sinks below the pick-up value of the overcurrent time

protection. In order to avoid a dropout of the pickup, the positive-sequence component is monitored additionally. This component can influence the overcurrent detection in accordance with two different methods. The undervoltage influencing can be switched off. The protective function operates, depending on the ordering variant, with an inverse current-tripping characteristic according to the IEC or ANSI standards. The characteristic curves and the corresponding formulas are represented in Technical Data. If one of the inverse characteristics (IEC or ANSI) is configured, the definite-time stages I>> and I> can be additionally effective (see Section Definite-Time Overcurrent Protection (I>, ANSI 50/51) with Undervoltage Seal-In).

Thermal Overload Protection (ANSI 49)

.............................................................................. The thermal overload protection prevents thermal overloading of the stator windings of the machine being protected.

Unbalanced Load (Negative Sequence) Protection (ANSI 46)

................................................................................................................. Unbalanced load protection detects unbalanced loads of three-phase induction motors. Unbalanced loads create a counter-rotating field which acts on the rotor at double frequency. Eddy currents are induced at the rotor surface leading to local overheating in rotor end zones and slot wedges. Another effect of unbalanced loads is overheating of the damper winding. In addition, this protection function may be used to detect interruptions, faults, and polarity problems with current transformers. It is also useful in detecting 1-pole and 2-pole faults with magnitudes lower than the load currents.

Startup Overcurrent Protection (ANSI 51)

.............................................................................. Gas turbines can be started by means of a startup converter. A controlled converter feeds a current into the generator creating a rotating field of gradually increasing frequency. This causes the rotor to turn and thus drive the turbine. At approx. 70 % of rated speed, the turbine is ignited and further accelerated until it attains rated speed. The startup converter is thereby switched off.

Earth Current Differential Protection (ANSI 87GN,TN)

................................................................................................... The earth current differential protection detects earth faults in generators and transformers with a low-ohmic or solid starpoint earthing. It is selective, and more sensitive than the classical differential protection (see Section Differential Protection (ANSI 87G/87M/87T)). A typical application of this protection function are configurations where multiple generators are connected to one busbar and one generator has a low-ohmic earthing. Another application would be transformer windings in wye connection. For applications such as auto-transformers, starpoint earthing transformers and shunt reactors, Siemens recommends that the 7UT612 protective device be used instead. For high-ohmic earthing of generators, the earth fault protection function (Section 90-%-Stator Earth Fault Protection (ANSI 59N, 64G, 67G)) is used.

Underexcitation (Loss-of-Field) Protection (ANSI 40)

...................................................................................................... The underexcitation protection protects a synchronous machine from asynchronous operation in the event of faulty excitation or regulation and from local overheating of the rotor. Furthermore, it avoids endangering network stability by underexcitation of large synchronous machines.

Reverse Power Protection (ANSI 32R)

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Reverse power protection is used to protect a turbo-generator unit on failure of energy to the prime mover when the synchronous generator runs as a motor and drives the turbine taking motoring energy from the network. This condition leads to overheating of the turbine blades and must be interrupted within a short time by tripping the network circuit-breaker. For the generator, there is the additional risk that, in case of a malfunctioning residual steam pass (defective stop valves) after the switching off of the circuit breakers, the turbine-generator-unit is speeded up, thus reaching an overspeed. For this reason, the system isolation should only be performed after the detection of active power input into the machine.

Forward Active Power Supervision (ANSI 32F)

......................................................................................... The machine protection 7UM62 includes an active power supervision which monitors whether the active power falls below one set value as well as whether a separate second set value is exceeded. Each of these functions can initiate different control functions. When, for example, with generators operating in parallel, the active power output of one machine becomes so small that other generators could take over this power, then it is often appropriate to shut down the lightly loaded machine. The criterion in this case is that the "forwards" power supplied into the network falls below a certain value. In many applications it can be desirable to issue a control signal if the active power output rises above a certain value. When a fault in a utility network is not cleared within a critical time, the utility network and should be split or for example, an industrial network decoupled from it. As criteria for decoupling, in addition to power flow direction, are undervoltage, overcurrent and frequency. As a result, the 7UM62 can also be used for network decoupling.

Impedance Protection (ANSI 21)

............................................................ Machine impedance protection is used as a selective time graded protection to provide shortest possible tripping times for short-circuits in the synchronous machine, on the terminal leads as well as in the unit transformer. It thus also provides backup protection functions to the main protection of a power plant or protection equipment connected in series like generator, transformer differential and system protection devices. The impedance protection feature of the 7UM62 always operates with the currents of side 2 (IL1, 2 ,3; S2).

Out-of-Step Protection (ANSI 78)

.............................................................. Depending on power network conditions and feeding generators, dynamic occurrences such as load jumps, short-circuits not disconnected quickly enough, auto-reclosure or switching actions, may cause system swings. Such power swings endanger power network stability. Stability problems often result from active power swings which can lead to pole-slipping and generator overloading.

Undervoltage Protection (ANSI 27)

................................................................... Undervoltage protection detects voltage dips in electrical machines and avoids inadmissible operating states and possible loss of stability. Two-pole short circuits or earth faults cause asymmetrical voltage collapse. Compared with three single phase measuring systems, the detection of the positive phasesequence system is not influenced by these procedures and is particularly advantageous for assessing stability problems.

Overvoltage Protection (ANSI 59)

............................................................. Overvoltage protection serves to protect the electrical machine and connected electrical plant components

from the effects of inadmissible voltage increases. Overvoltages can be caused by incorrect manual operation of the excitation system, faulty operation of the automatic voltage regulator, (full) load shedding of a generator, separation of the generator from the system or during island operation. Frequency Protection (ANSI 81) ..................................................... The frequency protection function detects abnormally high and low frequencies of the generator. If the frequency lies outside the admissible range, appropriate actions are initiated, such as separating the generator from the system. A decrease in system frequency occurs when the system experiences an increase in real power demand, or when a frequency or speed control malfunction occurs. The frequency decrease protection is also used for generators which (for a certain time) function on an island network. This is due to the fact that the reverse power protection cannot operate on drive power failure. The generator can be disconnected from the power system using the frequency decrease protection. An increase in system frequency occurs e.g. when large loads (island network) are removed from the system, or on frequency control malfunction. This entails risk of self-excitation for generators feeding long lines under no-load conditions. Through the use of filters measurement is practically independent of harmonic influences and very accurate. Overexcitation (Volt/Hertz) Protection (ANSI 24) ................................................................................ Overexcitation protection is used to detect inadmissibly high induction in generators and transformers, especially in power station unit transformers. The protection must intervene when the limit value for the protected object (e.g. unit transformer) is exceeded. The transformer is endangered, for example, if the power station block is disconnected from the system from full-load, and if the voltage regulator either does not operate or does not operate sufficiently fast to control the associated voltage rise. Similarly a decrease in frequency (speed), e.g. in island systems, can lead to an inadmissible increase in induction. An increase in induction above the rated value very quickly saturates the iron core and causes large eddy current losses. Inverse-Time Undervoltage Protection (ANSI 27) .................................................................................. The inverse undervoltage protection mainly protects consumers (induction machines) from the consequences of dangerous voltage drops in island networks avoiding inadmissible operating conditions and possible loss of stability. It can also be used as a criterion for load shedding in interconnected networks. Two-pole short circuits or earth faults cause asymmetrical voltage collapse. Compared with single phase measuring systems, the detection of the positive phase-sequence system is not influenced by these procedures and is therefore especially useful for assessing stability problems. Rate-of-Frequency-Change Protection df/dt (ANSI 81R) ................................................................................................ With the rate-of-frequency-change protection, frequency changes can be quickly detected. This allows a prompt response to frequency dips or frequency rises. A trip command can be issued even before the pickup threshold of the frequency protection (see Section Frequency Protection (ANSI 81)) is reached. Frequency changes occur for instance when there is an imbalance between the generated and the required active power. They call for control measures on one hand and for switching actions on the other hand. These can be unburdening measures, such as network decoupling, or disconnection of loads (load shedding). The sooner these measures are taken after a malfunction appears, the more effective they are. The two main applications for this protection function are thus network decoupling and load shedding.

Jump of Voltage Vector ........................................ Sometimes consumers with their own generating plant feed power directly into a network. The incoming feeder is usually the ownership boundary between the network utility and these consumers/producers. A failure of the input feeder line for example due to a three-pole automatic reclosure, can result in a deviation of the voltage or frequency at the feeding generator which is a function of the overall power balance. When the incoming feeder line is switched on again after the dead time, it may meet with asynchronous conditions which cause damage to the generator or the gear train between generator and drive. One way to identify an interruption of the incoming feeder is to monitor the phase angle in the voltage. If the incoming feeder fails, the abrupt current interruption causes a phase angle jump in the voltage. This jump is detected by means of a delta process. As soon as a preset threshold is exceeded, an opening command for the generator or bus-tie coupler circuit-breaker is issued. This means that the vector jump function is mainly used for network decoupling. 90-%-Stator Earth Fault Protection (ANSI 59N, 64G, 67G) ............................................................................................... The stator earth fault protection detects earth faults in the stator windings of three-phase machines. The machine can be operated in busbar connection (directly connected to the network) or in unit connection (via unit transformer). The criterion for the occurrence of an earth fault is mainly the emergence of a displacement voltage, or additionally with busbar connection, of an earth current. This principle makes possible a protected zone of 90 % to 95 % of the stator winding. Sensitive Earth Fault Protection (ANSI 51GN, 64R) ..................................................................................... The highly sensitive earth fault protection detects earth faults in systems with isolated or high-impedance earthed starpoint. This stage operates with the magnitude of the earth current. It is intended for use where the earth current amplitude gives an indication of the earth fault. As an example of this is with electrical machines in busbar connection in an isolated power system, where during a machine earth fault of the stator winding, the entire network capacity supplies the earth fault current, but with a network earth fault, the earth fault current is negligible due to the low machine capacitance. The current may be measured using toroidal CTs or CTs in Holmgreen connection. In the 7UM62, the sensitive earth fault detection feature can be allocated to either input Iee1 or Iee2. This choice is made during configuration (see Section Functional Scope). Because of the high sensitivity this protection is not suited for detection of high earth fault currents (above approx. 1 A at the terminals for sensitive earth current connection). If this protection feature nevertheless is to be used for earth fault protection, an additional, external current transformer is required as intermediate transformer. Note: The sensitive earth current protection may use the same current measuring input (Iee2) used for the directional or nondirectional stator earth fault protection with busbar-connection. The sensitive earth fault protection thereby uses the same measured values if address 150 S/E/F PROT. is set to directional or nondir. U0&I0. 100-%-Stator Earth Fault Protection with 3rd Harmonics (ANSI 27/59TN 3rd Harm.) ............................................................................................................................................ As described in Section 90-%-Stator Earth Fault Protection (ANSI 59N, 64G, 67G), the measuring procedure based on the fundamental wave of the displacement voltage serves to protect maximally 90 % to 95 % of the stator winding. A non-line frequency voltage must be used to implement a 100 % protection range. With the 7UM62 device, the 3rd harmonic is used for this purpose. 100-%-Stator Earth Fault Protection with 20 Hz Voltage Injection (ANSI 64G - 100%) ...............................................................................................................................................

The 100 % stator earth fault protection detects earth faults in the stator windings of generators which are connected with the network via a unit transformer. This protection function, which works with a 20 Hz injected voltage, is independent of the network frequency displacement voltage appearing in earth faults, and detects earth faults in all windings including the machine starpoint. The measuring principle used is not influenced at all by the generator operating mode and allows measurements even with the generator at standstill. The two measuring principles measurement of the displacement voltage and evaluation of the measured quantities at an injected 20 Hz voltage allow to implement reliable protection concepts that complement one another. If an earth fault in the generator starpoint or close to the starpoint is not detected, the generator is operated as "earthed". A subsequent fault (e.g. a second earth fault) causes a single-pole short-circuit that may have an extremely high fault current because the generator zero impedance is very small. The 100 % stator earth fault protection is for this reason a basic function for large generators. Sensitive Earth Fault Protection B (ANSI 51GN) ................................................................................ The IEE-B sensitive earth current protection feature of 7UM62 provides greater flexibility and can be used for the following applications. Applications ------------Earth current monitoring to detect earth faults (generator stator, terminal lead, transformer). 3rd harmonics earth current measurement for detection of earth faults near the generator star point. The connection is accomplished in the secondary circuit of the neutral transformer. Protection against load resistances by means of single-phase current monitoring. Shaft current protection in order to detect shaft currents of the generator shaft and prevent that bearings take damage. The function is mainly used for hydro-electric generators. Interturn Protection (ANSI 59N (IT)) ............................................................. The interturn fault protection detects faults between turns within a generator winding (phase). This situation may involve relatively high circulating currents that flow in the short-circuited turns and damage the winding and the stator. The protective function is characterized by a high sensitivity. Given the way the generators are constructed, it is rather unlikely that an interturn fault will occur. Generators with a separate stator winding (e.g. large-sized hydro-electric generators) are more likely to be affected. In this configuration, the transverse differential protection or the zero sequence current protection are used instead between the connected starpoints. Rotor Earth Fault Protection R, fn (ANSI 64R) ............................................................................... Rotor earth fault protection is used to detect earth faults in the excitation circuit of synchronous machines. An earth fault in the rotor winding does not cause immediate damage; however, if a second earth fault occurs it constitutes a winding short-circuit of the excitation circuit. The resulting magnetic imbalances can cause extreme mechanical forces which may destroy the machine.

Sensitive Rotor Earth Fault Protection with 1 to 3 Hz Square Wave Voltage Injection (ANSI 64R - 1 to 3 Hz) .................................................................................................................................................................. The rotor earth fault protection detects high and low resistance earth faults in the excitation circuit of synchronous generators. An earth fault in the excitation winding itself causes no direct damage. f however a second earth fault occurs, this results in a winding short-circuit in the excitation circuit The resulting

magnetic imbalances can cause extreme mechanical forces which may destroy the machine. The following protection function differs from the function described in Section Rotor Earth Fault Protection R, fn (ANSI 64R) in that it is far more sensitive; it is used for large generators. Motor Starting Time Supervision (ANSI 48) ........................................................................ When the 7UM62 is used to protect a motor, the startup time monitoring feature supplements overload protection (see Subsection Thermal Overload Protection (ANSI 49)) by protecting the motor against extended startup durations. In particular, rotor-critical high-voltage motors can quickly be heated above their thermal limit if multiple consecutive startup attempts are made. If the durations of these starting attempts are prolonged, e.g. by excessive voltage dips during motor startup, by excessive load torques, or by blocked rotor conditions, a tripping signal will be initiated by the protective relay. Restart Inhibit for Motors (ANSI 66, 49Rotor) ........................................................................... The rotor temperature of a motor generally remains well below its maximum admissible temperature during normal operation and also under increased load conditions. However, with startups and resulting high startup currents caused by small thermal time constants it may suffer more thermal damage than the stator. To avoid multiple startup attempts causing tripping, a repeated startup of the motor must be prevented, if it may be assumed that admissible rotor heating would be otherwise be exceeded. Therefore the 7UM62 device provides a motor restart blocking feature. An inhibit signal is issued until a new motor startup is admissible (restarting threshold). This blocking signal must be allocated to a binary output of the device whose contact is inserted in the motor starting circuit. Breaker Failure Protection (ANSI 50BF) .................................................................... The breaker failure protection can be assigned to the current inputs of side 1 or side 2 during the configuration of the protective functions (see Section Functional Scope). The breaker failure protection function monitors proper switchoff of the relevant circuit breaker. In machine protection this is typically the mains breaker. Inadvertent Energization (ANSI 50, 27) .................................................................... The inadvertent energizing protection serves to limit damage by accidental connection of the stationary or already started, but not yet synchronized generator, by fast actuation of the mains breaker. A connection to a stationary machine is equivalent to connection to a low-ohmic resistor. Due to the nominal voltage impressed by the power system, the generator starts up with a high slip as an asynchronous machine. In this context, unpermissibly high currents are induced inside the rotor which may finally destroy it. DC Voltage/Current Protection (ANSI 59NDC/51NDC) ......................................................................................... To detect DC voltages, DC currents and small AC quantities, the 7UM62 is equipped with a measuring transducer input (TD1) that can be used either for voltages ( 10V) or currents ( 20mA). Higher DC voltages are connected via an external voltage divider. The DC voltage/DC current protection can be used, for example, for the monitoring of the excitation voltage of synchronous machines or for the detection of earth faults in the DC section of the start-up converter of a gas turbine set.

870_7UT613
------------Differential Protection --------------------------------The differential protection represents the main protection feature of the device. It is based on current comparison under consideration of the transformation ratio of the transformer.7UT613/63x is suitable for

unit protection of transformers, generators, motors, reactors, short lines, and (under observance of the available number of analogue current inputs) and (under observance of the available number of analogue current inputs) busbars. Protection of generator/transformer units, transformer/winding combinations or transformer/starpoint former, can also be realised. 7UT613 and 7UT633 allow up to 3, 7UT635 allows up to 5 three-phase measuring locations. 7UT613/63x can also be used as a single-phase device. In this case, 7UT613 and 7UT633 allow up to 9, 7UT635 allows up to 12 measuring locations, e.g. currents from a busbar with up to 9 or 12 feeders. The protected zone is selectively limited by the CTs at its ends. Restricted Earth Fault Protection -----------------------------------------------The restricted earth fault protection detects earth faults in power transformers, shunt reactors, neutral earthing transformers/reactors, or rotating machines, the starpoint of which is led to earth. It is also suitable when a starpoint former is installed within a protected zone of a non-earthed power transformer. A precondition is that a current transformer is installed in the starpoint connection, i.e. between the starpoint and the earthing electrode. The starpoint CT and the phase CTs define the limits of the protected zone exactly. Restricted earth fault protection is not applicable to busbars. 7UT613/63x provides a second earth fault differential protection. The following function description refers to the 1st instance (address 13xx). The 2nd instance is set via addresses 14xx.

50_51N_GT_7SJ801
................. Overcurrent Protection 50, 51, 50N, 51N .................................................................... The overcurrent protection is provided with a total of four elements each for the phase currents and the ground current. All elements are independent from each other and can be combined as desired. If it is desired in isolated or resonant-grounded systems that three-phase devices should work together with two-phase protection equipment, the overcurrent protection can be configured in such a way that it allows two-phase operation besides the three-phase mode (see Chapter Power System Data 1 >> Setting Notes). The high-set elements 50-2, 50-3, 50N-2, 50N-3 as well as the overcurrent elements 50-1 and 50N-1 always operate with a definite tripping time ), the elements 51 and 51N always with an inverse tripping time (). Applications ------------------The non-directional overcurrent protection is suited for networks that are radial and supplied from a single source or open looped networks, for backup protection of differential protective schemes of all types of lines, transformers, generators and busbars. Directional Overcurrent Protection 67, 67N ............................................. The directional time overcurrent protection comprises three elements each for phase currents and the ground current that can operate directional or non-directional. All elements are independent of each other and can be combined as desired. High current element 67-2 and overcurrent element 67-1 always operate with a definite tripping time, the third element 67-TOC always operates with inverse tripping time. Applications ------------The directional overcurrent protection allows the application of multifunctional protection devices 7SJ80 also

in systems where protection coordination depends on knowing both the magnitude of the fault current and the direction of power flow to the fault location. The non-directional overcurrent protection described in Section Overcurrent Protection 50, 51, 50N, 51N may operate as overlapping backup protection or may be disabled. Additionally, individual elements (e.g. 67-2 and/or 67N-2) may be interconnected with the directional overcurrent protection. For parallel lines or transformers supplied from a single source, only directional overcurrent protection allows selective fault detection. For line sections supplied from two sources or in ring-operated lines, the overcurrent protection has to be supplemented by the directional criterion. Ground Fault Protection 64, 67N(s), 50N(s), 51N(s) ................................................... Depending on the variant, the fourth current input of the multi-functional protection relay 7SJ80 is equipped either with a sensitive input transformer or a standard transformer for 1/5 A. In the first case, the protective function is designed for ground fault detection in isolated or compensated systems due to its high sensitivity. It is not really suited for ground fault detection with large ground currents since the linear range is transcended at about 1.6 A at the sensitive ground fault detection relay terminals. If the relay is equipped with a standard transformer for 1/5 A currents, large currents can also be detected correctly. This function can operate in two modes. The standard procedure, the cos- / sin- measurement, evaluates the part of the ground current perpendicular to the settable directional characteristic. The second procedure, the U0/I0- measurement, calculates the angle between ground current and displacement voltage. For this procedure, two different directional characteristics can be set. Applications -----------Sensitive ground fault detection may be used in isolated or compensated systems to detect ground faults, to determine phases affected by ground faults, and to specify the direction of ground faults. In solidly or low-resistance grounded systems, sensitive ground fault detection is used to detect high impedance ground faults. This function can also be used as supplementary ground fault protection. Automatic Reclosing System 79 ................................ From experience, about 85 % of insulation faults associated with overhead lines are arc short circuits which are temporary in nature and disappear when protection takes effect. This means that the line can be connected again. The reconnection is accomplished after a dead time via the automatic reclosing system. If the fault still exists after automatic reclosure (arc has not disappeared, there is a metallic fault), then the protective elements will re-trip the circuit breaker. In some systems several reclosing attempts are performed. Applications ----------------The automatic reclosure system integrated in the 7SJ80 can also be controlled by an external protection device (e.g. backup protection). For this application, a signal exchange must occur between 7SJ80 and the external protection device via binary inputs and outputs. It is also possible to allow the relay 7SJ80 to work in conjunction with an external reclosing device. The automatic reclosure system can also operate in interaction with the integrated synchronization function or with an external synchrocheck.

Since the automatic reclosing function is not applied when the 7SJ80 is used to protect generators, transformers, cables and reactors etc., it should be disabled for these applications.

51GN_7SJ801
-------------------Overcurrent Protection 50, 51, 50N, 51N ----------------------------------------------------------The overcurrent protection is provided with a total of four elements each for the phase currents and the ground current. All elements are independent from each other and can be combined as desired. If it is desired in isolated or resonant-grounded systems that three-phase devices should work together with two-phase protection equipment, the overcurrent protection can be configured in such a way that it allows two-phase operation besides the three-phase mode (see Chapter Power System Data 1 >> Setting Notes). The high-set elements 50-2, 50-3, 50N-2, 50N-3 as well as the overcurrent elements 50-1 and 50N-1 always operate with a definite tripping time ), the elements 51 and 51N always with an inverse tripping time (). Applications ------------The non-directional overcurrent protection is suited for networks that are radial and supplied from a single source or open looped networks, for backup protection of differential protective schemes of all types of lines, transformers, generators and busbars. Directional Overcurrent Protection 67, 67N -----------------------------------------------------------The directional time overcurrent protection comprises three elements each for phase currents and the ground current that can operate directional or non-directional. All elements are independent of each other and can be combined as desired. High current element 67-2 and overcurrent element 67-1 always operate with a definite tripping time, the third element 67-TOC always operates with inverse tripping time. Applications -----------------The directional overcurrent protection allows the application of multifunctional protection devices 7SJ80 also in systems where protection coordination depends on knowing both the magnitude of the fault current and the direction of power flow to the fault location. The non-directional overcurrent protection described in Section Overcurrent Protection 50, 51, 50N, 51N may operate as overlapping backup protection or may be disabled. Additionally, individual elements (e.g. 67-2 and/or 67N-2) may be interconnected with the directional overcurrent protection. For parallel lines or transformers supplied from a single source, only directional overcurrent protection allows selective fault detection. For line sections supplied from two sources or in ring-operated lines, the overcurrent protection has to be supplemented by the directional criterion.

50_51_51N_UAT_7SJ801
...................... Overcurrent Protection 50, 51, 50N, 51N .......................................................................... The overcurrent protection is provided with a total of four elements each for the phase currents and the ground current. All elements are independent from each other and can be combined as desired. If it is desired in isolated or resonant-grounded systems that three-phase devices should work together with

two-phase protection equipment, the overcurrent protection can be configured in such a way that it allows two-phase operation besides the three-phase mode (see Chapter Power System Data 1 >> Setting Notes). The high-set elements 50-2, 50-3, 50N-2, 50N-3 as well as the overcurrent elements 50-1 and 50N-1 always operate with a definite tripping time ), the elements 51 and 51N always with an inverse tripping time (). Applications ........................... The non-directional overcurrent protection is suited for networks that are radial and supplied from a single source or open looped networks, for backup protection of differential protective schemes of all types of lines, transformers, generators and busbars. Directional Overcurrent Protection 67, 67N .......................................................................... The directional time overcurrent protection comprises three elements each for phase currents and the ground current that can operate directional or non-directional. All elements are independent of each other and can be combined as desired. High current element 67-2 and overcurrent element 67-1 always operate with a definite tripping time, the third element 67-TOC always operates with inverse tripping time. Applications ............. The directional overcurrent protection allows the application of multifunctional protection devices 7SJ80 also in systems where protection coordination depends on knowing both the magnitude of the fault current and the direction of power flow to the fault location. The non-directional overcurrent protection described in Section Overcurrent Protection 50, 51, 50N, 51N may operate as overlapping backup protection or may be disabled. Additionally, individual elements (e.g. 67-2 and/or 67N-2) may be interconnected with the directional overcurrent protection. For parallel lines or transformers supplied from a single source, only directional overcurrent protection allows selective fault detection. For line sections supplied from two sources or in ring-operated lines, the overcurrent protection has to be supplemented by the directional criterion. Ground Fault Protection 64, 67N(s), 50N(s), 51N(s) ......................................................................................... Depending on the variant, the fourth current input of the multi-functional protection relay 7SJ80 is equipped either with a sensitive input transformer or a standard transformer for 1/5 A. In the first case, the protective function is designed for ground fault detection in isolated or compensated systems due to its high sensitivity. It is not really suited for ground fault detection with large ground currents since the linear range is transcended at about 1.6 A at the sensitive ground fault detection relay terminals. If the relay is equipped with a standard transformer for 1/5 A currents, large currents can also be detected correctly. This function can operate in two modes. The standard procedure, the cos- / sin- measurement, evaluates the part of the ground current perpendicular to the settable directional characteristic. The second procedure, the U0/I0- measurement, calculates the angle between ground current and displacement voltage. For this procedure, two different directional characteristics can be set. Applications

.................... Sensitive ground fault detection may be used in isolated or compensated systems to detect ground faults, to determine phases affected by ground faults, and to specify the direction of ground faults. In solidly or low-resistance grounded systems, sensitive ground fault detection is used to detect high impedance ground faults. This function can also be used as supplementary ground fault protection.