Conditional sentences express a condition (if) and the consequence of the condition.

The consequence can be expressed before or after the condition: If you come to Canada, we can visit Vancouver = we can visit Vancouver if you come to Canada. Note: if the condition comes first, a comma is used. If the consequence comes first, no comma is used.

1 - Zero conditional.
If + present tense, -present tense: if the teacher is late, it sets a bad example to the class.

Zero conditional is used to express:

Things that are always or generally true: people get annoyed if you shout at them Scientific facts: if water boils, it evaporates

2 - First conditional.
If/Unless + present tense, - future tense/modal verb (may, should, can, etc.)/imperative: If you wash the car, it will look much smarter. You can have an ice-cream if you behave well. If he phones, tell him Im in a meeting. I wont phone unless its urgent. You shouldnt go swimming unless you think its safe. Future tense Modal Imperative Future negative Modal

The first conditional is used to express a future condition the speaker

thinks is possible or likely: if I get the job, Ill buy myself a new car.

3 Second conditional
If/Unless + past tense, - would/could/might + infinitive: If she wasnt so busy, she could come to the party. I would go for a walk if it wasnt so cold.

The second conditional is used to express a present or future

condition which is imaginary, contrary to the facts, impossible or improbable: If I was as rich as Bill Gates, I wouldnt work. Imaginary situation I wouldnt fly in a helicopter unless I was sure it was completely safe. Imaginary situation Her English would be better if she came to class more often. Contrary to the facts as she doesnt come to class often enough.

Exercises:
> Transform these sentences using the First Conditional. 1 2 3 4 Rachel might fail her driving test. But she can take it again. United might lose. If they do, Tom will be upset. The office may be closed. In that case Mark won't be able to get in. Nick may arrive a bit early. If he does, he can help Tom to get things

ready. 5 The party might go on all night. If it does, no one will want to do any work

tomorrow. 6 7 Emma may miss the train. But she can get the next one. Is Matthew going to enter the race? He'll probably win it.

>

Transform these sentences using the Second Conditional. 1 You can't look the word up because you haven't got a dictionary. I'm sorry. .......................................................................................................... 2 You don't write to your friends because you're so busy. Ive got so much to do .................................................................................. 3 You can't play tennis because your back is aching. It's a nuisance ................................................................................................. 4 Claire won't marry Henry because she doesn't love him. Of course, ........................................................................................................ 5 Nick can't find the way because he hasn't got a map. Nick's lost, but ................................................................................................ 6 David has so many accidents because he's so clumsy. You know, ...........................................................................................................

1. Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense and form. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. He __________________ ( not be) very good football player if he didnt train hard. She wont finish her report on time if you __________________(not / help) her. I wont be surprised if they __________________(get married) If they moved to Rome, I __________________(not see) them very often. If it rains, they __________________(not go) to the football match. If someone __________________(have) an electronic shock, what would you do? If we __________________(not work) hard, we could fail the exam. If your friend got hurt, what __________________(you / do)? She wont take a course unless she __________________ (listen) to her fathers advice. Sara will be sad if Juan __________________(leave). If you cook the dinner, I __________________(wash) the dishes. Shell look completely different if she __________________ (cut) her hair. You __________________ (get) heart disease if you eat too much meat. Your blood pressure may rise if you __________________ (be) a heavy smoker. If you dont put so much sugar in your tea, you _________________(put on) so much weight! 2. Complete the sentences by using your own words.

I. II. III. IV. V.

Ill lend you my umbrella if you _______________________________ The sea level will rise unless _________________________________ Unless he saves more money, he _____________________________ If you talked to him, he _____________________________________ If my father were here, he ___________________________________ I would sing you a song if ____________________________________

VI.