MAT 100 WEEK 6: Decimals Slide 1 Introduction Welcome to week 7 of Math 100.

In the previous lesson, we discussed mixed numbers. In this lesson, we will discuss decimals. Next slide. Slide 2 Objectives When you complete this lesson, you will be able to: Add and subtract with decimals; Multiply with decimals; Divide with decimals; Estimate decimals; Solve equations containing decimals; and Solve word problems with decimals. Slide 3 Decimal If we move from left to right on a number line, the place Notation and values are divided by ten. For example, one-hundred divided Place Value by ten is ten. When we get to one, we again divide by ten to get one-tenth. We could continue this pattern as long as we wanted. We simply divide by ten to move one column to the right. To show where the ones column is, we use a decimal point between the ones column and the tenths column. We can use the place value of decimal fractions to write them in expanded form. Here is an example. Write four-hundred-twenty-three-point-five-six-seven in expanded form. As shown here, this is written as fourhundred plus 20 plus 3 plus five-tenths plus seven-hundredths plus six-thousandths. Next slide.

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Slide 4

Decimal Notation and Place Value, continued

The rule for rounding decimal numbers is similar to the rule for rounding whole numbers. If the digit in the column to the right of the one we are rounding to is 5 or more, we add 1 to the digit in the column we are rounding; otherwise, we leave it alone. We then replace all digits to the right of the column we are rounding to zeros if they are to the left of the decimal point; otherwise, we simply delete them. Here is an example. Round zero-point-zero-zero-three-foursix to the nearest ten-thousandth. Because the number to the right of the ten-thousandths column is more than 5, we add 1 to the 4 and get zero-pointzero-zero-three-five. Next slide. To add or subtract decimal numbers, we line up the decimal points and add or subtract as usual. The decimal point in the result is written directly below the decimal points in the problem. Lets look at an example. Subtract fourteen-point-two-threesix from thirty-nine-point-eight-one-two. As shown here, we write the numbers vertically, with the decimal points lined up, and subtract as usual. The result is twenty-five-point-fiveseven-six. Now lets look at an addition example. Add the following numbers: 8, zero-point-zero-zero-two, three-point-one, and zero-point-zero-four. To make sure we keep the digits in the correct columns, we can write zeros to the right of the rightmost digits. This does not change the value of any of the numbers, and it makes the addition easier. As shown here, the sum is eleven-point-onefour-two. Next slide.

Slide 5

Addition and Subtraction with Decimals

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Slide 6

Multiplicati on with Decimals

Multiplication with decimal numbers is similar to multiplication with whole numbers. The difference lies in deciding where to place the decimal point in the answer. Here is the rule for multiplying decimal numbers. To multiply two decimal numbers: Multiply as you would if the decimal points were not there, and Place the decimal point in the answer so that the number of digits to its right is equal to the total number of digits to the right of the decimal points in the original two numbers in the problem. Lets look at an example. Multiply three-point-zero-five by four-point-three-six. As shown here, we can set this up as if it were a multiplication problem with whole numbers. We multiply and place the decimal point in the correct position in the answer. In this case, the two terms that are being multiplied each have two decimal places. This is a total of 4 decimal places. The decimal point is then placed in the product so that there are 4 digits to its right. Next slide. To divide a decimal by a whole number, do the usual long division as if there were no decimal point involved. The decimal point in the answer is placed directly above the decimal point in the problem. Here is an example. Divide forty-nine-point-eight-nine-six by twenty-seven. As shown here, the long division is undertaken as normal. The decimal point in the quotient is placed directly above the decimal point in the problem. The result is one-point-eightfour-eight. Next slide.

Slide 7

Division with Decimals

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Slide 8

Division with Decimals, continued

If the divisor is a decimal, we can change it to a whole number by moving the decimal point to the right as many places as necessary, so long as we move the decimal point in the dividend the same number of places. Lets look at an example. Divide zero-point-three-seven-seven-eight by zero-point-twofive. First, move the decimal point two places to the right. The problem becomes thirty-seven-point-seven-eight divided by twenty-five. Next divide as usual. You can write as many zeros after the last digit in a decimal as you need to solve the problem. The result is one-point-five-one-one-two. Next slide.

Slide 9

Fractions and Decimals

The notation we use for fractions can be interpreted as division. That is, the fraction three-fourths can be thought of as 3 divided by 4. We can use this idea to convert fractions to decimals. To write a fraction as a decimal, divide. As shown here, three-fourths is equal to zero-point-seven-five. To convert decimals to fractions, we take advantage of the place values we assign to the digits to the right of the decimal point. For example, zero-point-three-eight is 38 hundredths, or 38 over one-hundred. We can then reduce to lowest terms. The result is nineteen-fiftieths. Next Slide:

Slide 10

Fractions and Decimals and the Volume of a Sphere

If you come across a problem that contains both fractions and decimals, you need to convert the fractions to decimals to solve. Here is an example. Simplify nineteen-fiftieths times one-point-three-two plus zero-point-four-eight. From the last slide, we know that nineteen-fiftieths is zeropoint-three-eight in decimal form. We can then convert the fraction to a decimal and solve. The result is zero-point-sixeight-four. Shown here is a sphere and the formula for its volume. Because the formula contains the fraction four-thirds and pi, which is three-point-one-four, we can say that this formula contains both a fraction and a decimal. Next slide.

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Slide 11

Estimating

Estimating has many uses. It can be done before a problem is even attempted and it can be done afterward as a check, even when we are using a calculator. Often, an estimate is all we need. We usually estimate by rounding the numbers so that there are one or two nonzero digits. For example if you see a sticker price for a television as three-hundred ninety nine dollars and ninety seven cents, it is easier to say that the television is four hundred dollars. When it comes time to adding the television it makes your calculation much simpler. In fact most of the calculations can be done without writing down anything, if you round the numbers. Another example is to find the estimated product of fourpoint-eight times sixty two. To start, round the four-pointeight up to five and round the sixty-two to sixty. Now you have five times sixty which equals three-hundred.

Slide 12

Equations Containing Decimals

Equations will sometimes contain decimals. These equations are solved in the same way that we had solved equations before. Lets take a look at an example. Solve the equation X plus eight-point-two equals five-pointseven. For this equation, we use the addition property of equality to add negative eight-point-two to each side of the equation. The solution to this equation is negative two-point-five. Next slide.

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Slide 13

Applications Solving applied problems with decimals is like solving and Problem applied problems with integers. We translate first to an Solving equation that corresponds to the situation. Then we solve the equation. For example, in a two-thousand two Sierra Club test drive, Darden Rice averaged forty-four-point-five miles per gallon in her Toyota Prius while Joe Murphy averaged sixteenpoint-three miles per gallon in his Yukon. How many more miles per gallon did the Prius achieve? We could draw or visualize a bar graph to show the two mileages. Instead, we let D represent the difference, in miles per gallon. The equation is as follows: sixteen point three, which is the number of miles per gallon of the Yukon, plus D, which is the additional amount, equals forty four point five which is the number of miles per gallon of the Toyota Prius. We solve the equation by subtracting sixteen-point-three from both sides. D equals twenty eight point two. The Prius achieved twenty-eight-point two miles per gallon more than the G-M-C Yukon.

Slide 14

Summary

We have reached the end of this lesson. Lets take a look at what weve covered. To add or subtract decimal numbers, we line up the decimal points and add or subtract as usual. The decimal point in the result is written directly below the decimal points in the problem. To multiply two decimal numbers, multiply as you would if the decimal points were not there. Then place the decimal point in the answer so that the number of digits to its right is equal to the total number of digits to the right of the decimal points in the original two numbers in the problem. To divide a decimal by a whole number, do the usual long division as if there were no decimal point involved. The decimal point in the answer is placed directly above the decimal point in the problem. If the divisor is a decimal, we can change it to a whole number by moving the decimal point to the right as many places as necessary, so long as we move the decimal point in the dividend the same number of place. Next we discussed estimating. Estimating has many uses. It can be done before a problem is even attempted and it can be

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done afterward as a check, even when we are using a calculator. Often, an estimate is all we need. We usually estimate by rounding the numbers so that there are one or two nonzero digits. Equations will sometimes contain decimals. These equations are solved in the same way that we had solved equations before. We concluded the lesson with a discussion on problem solving. Solving applied problems with decimals is like solving applied problems with integers. We translate first to an equation that corresponds to the situation. Then we solve the equation.

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