Verbos Irregulares en Ingls INFINITIVO PASADO (Base Form) SIMPLE PARTICIPIO PASADO TRADUCCIN

Arise Awake

Arose Awoke

Arisen Awoken Been

Surgir, Levantarse Despertarse Ser / Estar

Be/ am, are, Was / Were is Bear Beat Become Begin Bend Bet Bind Bid Bite Bleed Blow Break Breed Bring Broadcast Build Bore Beat Became Began Bent Bet Bound Bid Bit Bled Blew Broke Bred Brought Broadcast Built

Borne / Born Beaten Become Begun Bent Bet Bound Bid Bitten Bled Blown Broken Bred Brought Broadcast Built Radiar

Soportar, dar a luz Golpear Llegar a Ser Empezar Doblar Apostar Atar, encuadernar Pujar Morder Sangrar Soplar Romper Criar Traer Llevar

Edificar

Burn

Burnt /Burned Burst Bought Cast Caught Came Cost Cut Chose Clung Crept Dealt Dug Did Drew Dreamt / Dreamed Drank Drove Ate Fell Fed Felt

Burnt / Burned

Quemar

Burst Buy Cast Catch Come Cost Cut Choose Cling Creep Deal Dig Do (Does) Draw Dream

Burst Bought Cast Caught Come Cost Cut Chosen Clung Crept Dealt Dug Done Drawn Dreamt / Dreamed

Reventar Comprar Arrojar Coger Venir Costar Cortar Elegir Agarrarse Arrastrarse Tratar Cavar Hacer Dibujar Soar

Drink Drive Eat Fall Feed Feel

Drunk Driven Eaten Fallen Fed Felt

Beber Conducir Comer Caer Alimentar Sentir

Fight Find Flee Fly Forbid Forget Forgive Freeze Get Give Go (Goes) Grow Grind Hang Have Hear Hide Hit Hold Hurt Keep

Fought Found Fled Flew Forbade Forgot Forgave Froze Got Gave Went Grew Ground Hung Had Heard Hid Hit Held Hurt Kept

Fought Found Fled Flown Forbidden Forgotten Forgiven Frozen Got / Gotten Given Gone Grown Ground Hung Had Heard Hidden Hit Held Hurt Kept Perdonar Helar

Luchar Encontrar Huir Volar Prohibir Olvidar

Obtener Dar Ir Crecer Moler Colgar Haber o Tener Oir Ocultar Golpear Agarrar Celebrar Herir Conservar

Know Kneel Knit Lay Lead Lean Leap Learn

Knew Knelt Knit Laid Led Leant Leapt Learnt / Learned Left Lent Let Lay Lit Lost Made Meant Met Mistook Overcame Paid Put Read

Known Knelt Knit Laid Led Leant Leapt Learnt / Learned

Saber Conocer Arrodillarse Hacer punto Poner Conducir Apoyarse Brincar Aprender

Leave Lend Let Lie Light Lose Make Mean Meet Mistake Overcome Pay Put Read

Left Lent Let Lain Lit Lost Made Meant Met Mistaken Overcome Paid Put Read Significar

Dejar Prestar Permitir Echarse Encender Perder Hacer

Encontrar Equivocar Vencer Pagar Poner Leer

Ride Ring Rise Run Say See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shear Shine Shoot Show Shrink Shut Sing Sink Sit Sleep

Rode Rang Rose Ran Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Shore Shone Shot Showed Shrank Shut Sang Sank Sat Slept

Ridden Rung Risen Run Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed / Sewn Shaken Shorn Shone Shot Shown Shrunk Shut Sung Sunk Sat Slept

Montar Llamar Levantarse Correr Decir Ver Buscar Vender Enviar Poner(se) Coser Sacudir Esquilar Brillar Disparar Mostrar Encogerse Cerrar Cantar Hundir Sentarse Dormir

Slide Smell Sow Speak Speed Spell Spend Spill

Slid Smelt Sowed Spoke Sped Spelt Spent Spilt / Spilled Spun Spat Split Spoilt / Spoiled Spread Sprang Stood Stole Stuck Stung

Slid Smelt Sowed / Sown Spoken Sped Spelt Spent Spilt / Spilled

Resbalar Oler Sembrar Hablar Acelerar Deletrear Gastar Derramar

Spin Spit Split Spoil

Spun Spat Split Spoilt / Spoiled

Hilar Escupir Hender / partir / rajar Estropear

Spread Spring Stand Steal Stick Sting Stink Stride Strike Swear

Spread Sprung Stood Stolen Stuck Stung

Extender Saltar Estar en pie Robar Pegar Engomar Picar Apestar Dar zancadas Golpear Jurar

Stank/Stunk Stunk Strode Struck Swore Stridden Struck Sworn

Sweat Sweep Swell Swim Swing Take Teach Tear Tell Think Throw Thrust Tread Understand Undergo Undertake Wake Wear

Sweat Swept Swelled Swam Swung Took Taught Tore Told Thought Threw Thrust Trod

Sweat Swept Swollen Swum Swung Taken Taught Torn Told Thought Thrown Thrust Trodden Introducir Pisar, hollar Entender Sufrir Emprender Despertarse Llevar puesto Tejer Llorar Mojar

Sudar Barrer Hinchar Nadar Columpiarse Coger Ensear Rasgar Decir Pensar Arrojar Tirar

Understood Understood Underwent Undergone Undertook Undertaken Woke Wore Woken Worn

Weave Weep Wet

Wove Wept Wet

Woven Wept Wet

Win Wind Withdraw Wring Write

Won Wound Withdrew Wrung Wrote

Won Wound Withdrawn Wrung Written Gramtica

Ganar Enrollar Retirarse Torcer Escribir

Presente simple: AFIRMATIVO S+V (base form)+C I You We They eat He She It eats NEGATIVO S+Aux (do)+Neg+V (base form)+C He You Do not She eat We It They I

Does not eat

INTERROGACIN Aux (do)+S+V ( base form )+C+? I Do You We They Eat? Does He She It Eat?

Excepcin en tercera persona se aade una -s final. Cuando el verbo termina en -s, -ss, -sh, -o, -ch, -x se aade a la tercera persona singular la terminacin 'es'. Cuando termina en 'y' precedida de consonante cambia la 'y' por 'ies'. Para la forma negativa e interrogativa se recurre al verbo 'to do' que realiza una funcin auxiliar. En la tercera persona la forma 'do' cambia a 'does'. Pasado simple: AFIRMATIVO S+V (pasado)+C NEGATIVO S+Aux (did)+Neg+V ( base form )+C

I You We They studied

He She It studied

I You We They INTERROGACIN Aux (did)+S+V ( base form )+C+? did not study

He She It did not study

I Did You We They Nota: study? Did

He She It study?

El pasado simple funciona con el auxiliar 'did' para todas las personas (incluida la tercera persona singular 'he/she/it'). En la forma afirmativa, el auxiliar 'did' no aparece, empleamos en su lugar la terminacin 'ed', esta es la forma de pasado para todos los 'Verbos Regulares'. Si termina en -d o -t, se le pone -ed como slaba aparte; si termina en cualquier otra consonante, se aade tambin -ed pero sin hacer slaba aparte; si termina en -e, se le pone slo d; una -y final que sigue a cualquier consonante se cambia en - ie ms d. Futuro simple: AFIRMATIVO S+Aux (will)+V ( base form )+C I You We They Will travel He She It Will travel NEGATIVO S+Aux (will)+Neg+V ( base form )+C I You We They INTERROGACIN Aux (will)+S+V ( base form )+C+? Will I You We travel? Will He She It travel? Will not travel He She It Will not travel

They Nota: Presente simple contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ be (pres. Simpl.)+V (ing)+C I am walking He You We They are walking She It is walking You We They INTERROGACIN Be (pres. Simpl.)+S+V (ing)+C+? Am I walking? He You Are We They Nota: Pasado simple contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ be (pasd. Simpl.)+V (ing)+C I was driving He You We They were driving She It was driving You We They INTERROGACIN Be (pasd. Simpl.)+S+V (ing)+C+? were not driving NEGATIVO S+ be (pasd. Simpl.)+Neg+V (ing)+C I was not driving He She It was not driving walking? Is She It walking? are not walking NEGATIVO S+ be (pres. Simpl.)+Neg+V (ing)+C I am not walking He She It is not walking

Was I driving? He You Were We They Nota: Futuro simple contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux(will)+ be(base form)+V (ing)+C NEGATIVO S+ Aux(will)+Neg+be(base form)+V (ing)+C I will not be lending Will be lending You We They INTERROGACIN Aux (will)+S+be (base form)+V (ing)+C+? Will I be lending? He You Will We They Nota: Presente perfecto: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(have/has)+V (P.p)+C I have bought He has NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(have/has)+Neg+V (P.p)+C I have not bought He has not Be lending? Will She It be lending? will not be lending driving? Was She It driving?

I will be lending He You We They will be lending She It

He She It will not be lending

You We They

have bought (youve)

She It

You bought (hes) We They

have not bought (havent)

She It

bought (hasnt)

INTERROGACIN Aux.(have/has)+S+V (P.p)+C+? Have I bought? He You Have We They Nota: El presente perfecto, se forma con "to have" a modo de auxiliar y el verbo en participio pasado. En la tercera persona se emplea el "has". Pasado perfecto: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(had)+V (P.p)+C I had bought (Id) He You We They had bought (youd) She It NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(had)+Neg+V (P.p)+C I had not bought had bought You (hed) We They He had not bought (hadnt) She It had not bought (hadnt) bought? Has She It bought?

INTERROGACIN Aux.(had)+S+V (P.p)+C+? Had I bought? He You Had We They Nota: bought? Had She It Bought?

Futuro perfecto: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(will)+(have)+V (P.p)+C I will have bought He You We They will have bought (youll have) She It NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(will)+Neg+(have)+V (P.p)+C I will not have bought will have bought (hell You have) We They INTERROGACIN Aux.(will)+S+(have)+V (P.p)+C+? Will I have bought? He You Will We They Nota: Presente perfecto contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(have/has)+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C I have been selling You We They have been selling (youve been) He She It NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(have/has)+Neg+be(P.p)+V(ing) +C I have not been selling He have not been selling (havent been) She It have bought? Will She It have bought? He will not have bought (wont have) She It

will not have bought (wont have)

has been selling You (hes been) We They

have not been selling (hasnt been)

INTERROGACIN

Aux.(have/has)+S+be(P.p)+V(ing)+ C+? Have I been selling? He You Have We They Nota: Pasado perfecto contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(had)+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C I had been selling He You We They had been selling (youd been) She It NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(had)+Neg+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C I had not been selling had been selling (hed You been) We They INTERROGACIN Aux.(had)+S+be(P.p)+V(ing)+ C+? Had I been selling? He You Had We They Nota: Futuro perfecto contino: AFIRMATIVO S+ Aux.(will)+(have)+be(P.p)+V(ing) +C NEGATIVO S+ Aux.(will)+Neg+(have)+be(P.p) +V(ing)+C been selling? Had She It been selling? He had not been selling (hadnt been) She It been selling? Has She It been selling?

had not been selling (hadnt been)

I will have been selling He You We They will have been selling (youll have been) She It

will have been selling You (hell have We been) They

I will not have been selling will not have been selling (wont have been) He She It will not have been selling

INTERROGACIN Aux.(will)+S+(have)+be(P.p)+V(ing)+C+? Will I have been selling? He You Will We They Nota: Pronombres personales sujeto 1 2 Singsingular 3 I You He She It 1 P 2 3 We You They complemento Me You Him Her It Us You Them Pronombre reflexivo Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself Ourselves Yourselves Themselves Pronombre reciproco Each other Each other Each other have been selling? Will She It have been selling?

Preposiciones bsicas

B.P at

Used Specific times Definite place Full address Speed Idea of definite time and place Exception: at night: use in for the other parts of the day.

Example He has class at 8:30. My brother is at school. They live at 2388 Park Road. He was driving at 90 miles per hour. The exercise is at the end of the lesson.

in

Inside Cities, boroughs States, countries Parts of countries Continents Parts of the day Months, seasons, years Time (length of time) within

on

On the surface Streets, avenues Floors Dates Days of the week On a farm, a planet, an island, campus

We are in the kitchen. The school is in the UCV. How long have you lived in Caracas? I live in the West. We saw many interesting sights in Europe. We have class in the morning. Graduation will be in July. Youll have your exam in seven days. Ill be back in ten minutes. The book was on the table. Their house is on First Street. My apartment is on the sixth floor. My birthday is on October 22nd. There is no class on Saturday. He works on campus. Hes usually here on time. Note: in time for something) You learn by repeating. You can get there by car.

Punctuality

by

of

Means, by way of (pasando por; por va de; como; por medio de; a modo de) Possessive of things

The leg of the chair was broken. I bought a pound of carrots. The light is over jack. The cabinets are over the counter. We are going to New York. The plane to Houston left an hour ago. He got to his office at eight. They will arrive in New York

over

Parts of a whole Exact position (vertical)

to

Destination Leave for Arrive at place Arrive in a city

above

Degree higher than Location higher than To a lower degree

below

tonight. The temperature is above 40. There are cabinets above the sink. Is Caracas above or below sea level?

Tips para traducir 1.Cuando nos encontramos ante la presencia de palabras en el idioma ingls que se asemejan a ciertas palabras en el idioma espaol y poseen el mismo significado, estas palabras son llamadas: verdaderas cognadas. 2.Cuando nos encontramos con palabras en el ingls que se parecen a ciertas palabras en el espaol, pero que su significado es diferente, estas palabras son llamadas: falsas cognadas. 3.Cuando nos encontramos con varias palabras seguidas unas de otras que pueden ser sustantivos, adjetivos o adverbios, nos detendremos a leer en el primer verbo, preposicin, conectivo o signo de puntuacin y procederemos a leer de derecha a izquierda sin omitir ninguna palabra. Solo jugaremos con los adjetivos o adverbios en el idioma espaol. (Marbella Delgado, 2003)