General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Interface

GPRS network U-qTw . -O GPRS air interface Um (BSSMS), UqDNtNP , GPRS zoLuqqD . UOuU- , Gb (BSS SGSN), Gn (SGSN GGSN), Gp (SGSN GGSN in Other GPRS Network), Gs (SGSN MSC/VLR) P Gi (GGSN PDN).

Reference
[1] Wireless and Mobile Network ArchitecturesA Y-Bing Lin and Imrich ChlamtacA Wiley Computer PublishingC
Chapter 18.

Outlines
Introduction Um (BSS MS) Gb (BSS SGSN) Gn (SGSN GGSN) Gp (SGSN GGSN in Other GPRS Network) Gs (SGSN MSC/VLR) Gi (GGSN PDN)

bo-` , N Um (BSSMS), Gb (BSS SGSN), Gn (SGSN GGSN), Gp (SGSN GGSN in Other GPRS Network), Gs (SGSN MSC/VLR) P Gi (GGSN PDN).

Introduction

o-

GPRS Architecture.

GPRS Architecture
SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC
E Gd MSC/VLR Gs A Gb TE R MT Um Gn Gp BSS SGSN Gn Gf FIR GGSN D Gc Gr Gi HLR C SM-SC

PDN

TE

SGSN

GGSN

Other PLMN
Signalling Interface Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
5

CX-N-n

(uX Um (BSSMS) Gb (BSS SGSN) Gn (SGSN GGSN)

interface. ]A

Gp (SGSN GGSN in Other GPRS Network) Gs (SGSN MSC/VLR) Gi (GGSN PDN) GPRS O[c GSM W , Bih- GSM B@ , H iF air interface, P SGSN, GGSN s~- , WO GSM protocol. YOs[J protocol, p Gs (SGSN<->MSC/VLR) , Gr (SGSN<->HLR) P Gc (GGSN<->HLR), O` GSM MAP [c . b interface , H GPRS Transmission plane P signaling plane.

GPRS Transmission Plane

Application

IP/X.25
Relay

IP/X.25 SNDCP
Relay

SNDCP LLC RLC MAC GSM RF RLC MAC GSM RF Um BSSGP Network Service Libis Gb

GTP UDP/ TCP IP L2 L1 Gn

GTP UDP/TCP IP L2 L1

LLC BSSGP Network Service Libis

MS

BSS

SGSN

GGSN

Gi

bPDhW, iHD, Pw, pb { {Ui TCP e, [b Note: GGSN, SGSN WU- Wh |. IP OHDU u} }.

X.25 IP h

IP WA

GPRS [H-. IP , b } GPRS Q]

GPRS , Uh

GPRS GDwwQh, ~ IP ] } DHCP^tmA IP , WC } | OSI @h] layer 1 L1^PGh] static

o- IP , O } GPRS twTwM ~ IP, ^ GPRS t]iHbsuADtm ~ w] dynamic host configuration protocol IPO }^ IP ] virtual IP. ^} Uh IP hO -@ GSN MwyV. GPRS -n {

IP ] dynamic

b GPRS GDw IP hHU, layer 2 L2, hitMww. ^ ~

GPRS Signaling Plane

BSSAP+ : Base Station System Application Part+ GMM : GPRS Mobility Management MAP : Mobility Application Part MTP : Message Transfer part SCCP : Signaling Connection Control Part SM : Session Management TCAP : Transaction Capabilities Application Part BSSAP+ SCCP MTP3 MTP2 MTP1 BSSAP+ SCCP MTP3 MTP2 MTP1 Gs

SGSN

MSC/VLR

Relay

Interworking

GMM/SM

GMM/ SM

GTP UDP IP L2

LLC
Relay

LLC RLC MAC

PLL RLL
BSSGP
NS (FR) Physical

GTP UDP IP L2
Physical

MAP TCAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 MTP1 Gc

MAP TCAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 MTP1

RLC MAC PLL RFL

BSSGP
NS (FR)

Physical Physical

MS

Um

BSS

Gb

SGSN

Gn

GGSN

HLR

GPRS Signaling Plane b MS P SGSN z\ . SGSN GGSN UDP eT GGSN HLR GPRS zO , GMM/SM layer GPRS z session

Gn interface P Transmission Plane POu . Gc interface . MAP ON GSM MAP

SGSN MSC/VLR O TCAP.

Gs interface WhO

extended BSSAP,

Um (BSS MS)

o- ]AUqDNtNP .

GPRS Air Interface. , GPRS zoLuqqD GPRS network pqDt .

H message flow

Um Interface (MS BSS) [gsm03.64]

Um radio InterfaceG radio interface between MS and BTS GPRS radio technology
Based on the GSM radio architecture New logical channel structure
To control signaling and traffic flow over the Um radio interface

Um interface [gsm03.64] Oy-z GPRS is eT ey . radio NOH . GSM

MS P BTS radio architecture

radio interface. .

logical channel structure Hg

Um radio interface FHU

Radio Channel Structure

The physical channel dedicated to packet data traffic is called a packet data channel (PDCH). Different logical channels can occur on the same PDCH.

10

GPRS LuqqDcONh channel NSw[q \ logic channel o channel, -nD M] (PDCH). P@-

physical channel, o physical , O logic channel [ , bWhtP physical channel . HHU-n logic physical layer Opt resource . physical channel packet data channel

PDCH iPqD

(Logical Channel).

Logical Channel Map

PRACH PPCH PCCCH PAGCH PNCH Logical Channels PBCCH PTCCH PDTCH PTCH PACCH
11

oOqDY: @qD] packet common control channel PCCCH^AOF-n}l GPRSq TAA@qTqDASiXC bH^qD] packet random access channel PRACH^o-WqDWAC- zLHs{aeUqDDC ]IqD] packet paging channel PPCH^UIsC ^qD] packet access grant channel PAGCH^Uqt C qqD] packet notification channel PNCH^Uq@s]YI hIA^tC sqD] packet broadcast control channel PBCCH^O@-UqDA GPRS axtTC wqD] packet timing advance control channel PTCCH ^ uplink P downlink Packet timing advance control channel in the uplink direction (PTCCH/U) MS e random access burst qD . BSS Q random access burst Ki-pX time advance (TA). BSS AQ Packet timing advance control channel in the downlink direction (PTCCH/D) e TA updates MS. qD] packet traffic channel PTCH^AiWPUC qD] packet data traffic channel PDTCH^OeqDC qD] packet associated control channel PACCH^AD-n-tdqDw Ae packet data @, PeL{TC

Packet Traffic Channels (PTCH)

Packet Data Traffic Channel (PDTCH)
One PDTCH one physical channel Up to eight PDTCHs per MS

Packet Associated Control Channel (PACCH)

Conveys power control, resource assignment and reassignment information. PACCH shares resources via PDTCHs. An MS currently involved in packet transfer can be paged for circuit-switched services on PACCH.

12

qD] C

packet traffic channel

PTCH^AiWPU

Packet Data Traffic Channel (PDTCH) PDTCH OeqD. @- PDTCH |@- physical channel (PDCH) W . , h @ibPWvPPU tm 8 - PDTCHs. Packet Associated Control Channel (PACCH) D-n-tdqDwAe, @ channel P e data LTC { e power control, resource assignment information T . MS oe PACCH i]e A PDTCH qD , |X . reassignment

MS (wg PDTCH), iq (p call delivery) g PACCH QIs .

Logical Channels (PCCCH) (1/2)

Packet Common Control Channel (PCCCH)
Convey common control channel Whether PCCCH is allocated or not, CCCH can be used to initiate a packet transfer. PCCCH includes PRACH, PPCH, PAGCH, PNCH.

Packet Random Access Channel (PRACH) (MS BTS)

To initiate uplink transfer for data or signaling

13

Packet Common Control Channel (PCCCH) e GPRS common control signaling. OF-n}l GPRS qTAAqTqDC @ b@w , PCCCH UPqDiP physical resources. logical channel CCCH h_ . b@- cell PCCCH, iH PCCCH Ui , o@w-n GSM ([ ) tm PCCCH, pGStm CCCH A packet transfer.

PRACH, PPCH, PAGCH, PNCH.

Packet Random Access Channel (PRACH) C-zLHs{, aeUqDD PRACH, radio channel, iHW . (MS BTS)

Logical Channels (PCCCH) (2/2)

Packet Paging Channel (PPCH) (BTS Packet Access Grant Channel (PAGCH) (BTS MS)
Resource assignment in the packet transfer establishment phase

MS)

Page an MS for both circuit-switched and packet data services

Packet Notification Channel (PNCH) (BTS MS)

Used to send a Point-To-Multipoint Multicast (PTM-M) notification for resource assignment.
14

PPCH (BTS O Is PAGCH (BTS ]eq

MS) circuit-switched MS. MS) , Uqt multicast packet-switched A , iHzL PPCH

BTS UIs.

Packet Notification Channel (PNCH) Uq@s]YIhIA, (PTM-M) ^t

PBCCH & PTCCH

Packet Broadcast Control Channel (PBCCH)
Broadcast system information specific for packet data If PBCCH is not allocated, GSM BCCH can be used for broadcast.

Packet Timing Advance Control Channel (PTCCH) (BTS MS)

Transmit a random access burst BSS estimates timing advance. BSS to transmit timing advance information updates to MS.
15

Packet Broadcast Control Channel (PBCCH) s -Y GPRSaxtT, SOw]T . PBCCH Qtm , hSwtT]h|gJs GSM BCCH Channel s .

Packet Timing Advance Control Channel (PTCCH) (BTS MS) Packet timing advance control channel in the uplink direction (PTCCH/U) MS e random access burst qD . Packet timing advance control channel in the downlink direction (PTCCH/D) BSS Q random access burst -pX time advance (TA). BSS AQ Packet timing advance control channel in the downlink direction (PTCCH/D) e TA updates MS.

Two Concepts for GPRS Channel Management (1/2)

Master-Slave
Master: at least one PDCH
PCCCH: control signalling for initiating packet transfer.

Salves: Other PDCHs

PDTCH: for user data transfer PACCH: for dedicated signalling

16

GPRS Channel Management on Demand (D ). Master-Slave |@- ]e-nH PDCH @

: Master-Slave (D

) M Capacity

master, PCCCH.

(pe

)al

L PDCHs |H slaves B@ , e (PDTCH) M SwHoe (PACCH).

Two Concepts for GPRS Channel Management (2/2)

Capacity on Demand
The Allocation of capacity for GPRS is based on the needs for actual packet transfers. The operator decides the allocation of physical resources (i.e. PDCHs) for the GPRS traffic. PCCCH and PBCCH are not necessary to exist.

17

Capacity on Demand GPRS Channel tmiH]eWD Operator iHDqMwO_-n[atSw (i.e., PDCHs) GPRS PDCH sbN @- cell Stm MSs Qtmb | CCCH. @- cell Stm MSs Qtmb | BCCH. PCCCH PCCCH PBCCH , , . PBCCH sb . GPRS-attached GPRS-attached .

Access and Assignment Phase

MS Network Packet Channel Request PRACH or RACH

Packet Immediate Assignment PAGCH or AGCH (Optional) (Optional) Packet Resource Request PACCH

Packet Resource Assignment PACCH

18

MS Q-n PDCH e request P network tWDL{ - phase: One-Phase Approach (e- MS b PRACH h-

, V network -nD resource. b MS X access (access and assignment phase), iH 2 instructions) RACH X-nD : Packet channel Request. MS nD - , iH-nDtm@-

PRACH X PDCHs.

a , MS ]i RACH Dtm packet channel, O RACH W , H MS un- - , p G-nhqD , i Two-Phase Access. Network tm@-W blocks. Network g Two-Phase Access Approach ( packet channel He@ PAGCH 2 - AGCH No-tmTq , |b . MS tmW . (messages 3 and 4), MS io PACCH radio MS. PAGCH X

instruction)

-Y Network -n MS hDT -ni two-phase access D PAGCH X network (message 3), HeT WPU network tm .

PACCHs T

GPRS Uplink Packet Transfer

MS A ccess and A ssig nm en t N etw ork

Data Block Data Block Data Block (last in send window) PacketUplinkAck/Nack Data Block Data Block (last in send window) Data Block (last in send window) PacketUplinkAssignment PacketControl Acknowledgement Data Block Data Block(last) PacketUplinkAck/Nack( f inal)

PD T C H PD T C H PD T C H PD T C H PA C C H PD T C H PD T C H PD T C H PA C C H PA C C H PD T C H PD T C H PA C C H
19

oi @}li Wg

GPRS e

packets L{

. . Packet

access and assignment phase. PDTCH (Packet Data Traffic Channel) W Network b PACCH (Packet Associated Control Channel) |^ Uplink Ack/Nack .

Network q MS. MS ]ig Network.

MS

Packet Uplink Assignment Thg

PACCH e

PACCH ^

Packet Control Acknowledgement T Packet Uplink

e@- data, network H PACCH e^ Ack/Nack(final).

Um Protocol Layers
RF Layer (RFL)
Performs modulation/demodulation .

Physical Link Layer (PLL)

Provides services for information transfer over a physical channel.

Medium Access Control (MAC)

MAC is responsible for channel access (scheduling, queuing, contention resolution), PDCH multiplexing, and power control.

Radio Link Control(RLC)

block segmentation and reassembly, buffering, and 20 retransmission with backward error correction.

RF Layer (RFL). q PLL , e PLL WT (]tN ). . frame, Physical Link Layer (PLL). qDTeA sX , PCo~

Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC). Backward Error Correction Procedures (ao~ ). RLC -td- backward error correction. MAC tdqDs - u , H\v ({ . , w , C , o~-e , M\ ), PDCH h

Four GPRS Coding Schemes

Coding User Data Correction WorstScheme Rate Capability Link Budget CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4 9.05 Kbps Highest 13.4 Kbps 15.6 Kbps 21.4 Kbps None 135 dB 133 dB 131 dB 128.5 dB Max Cell Range 450 m 390 m 350 m 290 m
21

GPRS Coding Scheme OV (ex, CS4), htV ]V (i.e., a~T]V z . tqTw d]Vp .

. , u user /`q- ), ]O]V (Link Budget) VC , e

Cell j

Gb (MS BSS SGSN)

Application
Relay

IP/X.25 SNDCP LLC RLC MAC GSM RF Relay RLC BSSGP Network MAC Service GSM RF Libis Um

GMM/SM

Relay SNDCP LLC BSSGP Network Service Libis Gb GTP UDP/ TCP IP L2 L1

GM M/ SM

GTP UDP IP L2
Phy sical

LLC
Relay

LLC RLC MAC

PLL RLL BSSGP
NS ( F R) Ph ysical

RLC MAC PLL RFL

BSSGP
NS ( F R) Physical

MS

BSS

SGSN

MS

Um

BSS

Gb

22

SGSN

o-

BSS P SGSN -

Gb. LLC P layer,

W , Gb b layer 1, layer 2 Ob BSS SGSN , O MS P SGSN q , BSS Ot relay .

Gb Interface (MS BSS SGSN)

The Gb interface allows many users to be multiplexed over the same physical resource. The Gb interface includes
Physical Layer Layer 2
NS (Network Service; Frame Relay) BSSGP (Base Station System GPRS Protocol) Relay Function LLC (Logical Link Control)

Layer 3
SNDCP (SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol) GMM SM (GPRS Mobility Management Session 23 Management)

P su|w

GSM

A interface , GSM b-q .

, Sw , ~|tm

circuit-switched

GPRS Gb interface ubu-ne .

Gb hu (multiplex/de-multiplex), \hPNe BSS, BSS gXzLP physical resource e BSS u layer 2 (LLC P Relay Function)

packet.

Network Service (NS) (1/2)

Physical layer (BBS SGSN) : frame relay link Each frame relay link supports one or more Network Service Virtual Links (NS-VLs).
To construct an end-to-end virtual path between BSS and SGSN. The path is Network Service Virtual Connection (NS-VC)

NS manages NS-VCs.
24

NS b physical layer W BSS P SGSN s

, BSSGP U :

layer 2. encapsulated packets.

The NS layer delivers e

SGSN P BSS

Directly connected by a frame relay link. Indirectly through cascading links in a frame relay network. C@- physical frame relay link iH@- links (NS-VL). o NS-VL virtual link NS NOz BSS P SGSN NS-VC. NS-VC. end-to-end network service virtual virtual link. o

Network Service (NS) (2/2)

Using NS-VCs, NS transports data from uplayered BSSGP Packet Data Units (PDUs). The NS layer delivers encapsulated packets (SGSN BSS). Load sharing to distribute the packet traffic among the unblocked NS-VCs.

25

NS Qs @ PDU. NS NS ]P@ |

NS-VCs, Wh

BSSGP ( .

BSS P SGSN

) e

encapsulated packets e BSS h \ NS-VC primitive, He , q NS user @Spo

load sharing. packet, iWhO_ (eg:

NS n@ congestion o capacity). NS UROz -

NS-VCs , e.g.,

Resetting (e.g., when a new NS-VC is set up) Testing, to check that an end-to-end communication exists (peer NS entities on given NS-VC) Blocking (when a NS-VC is not available) Unblocking (when a NS-VC becomes available again)

BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP)

BSSGP Virtual Connection (BVC) provides communication path between BSSGP entities (i.e., BSS, SGSN).
BVC is supported by NS-VCs. Each BVC transports BSSGP PDUs.

BSSGP provides the radio-related QoS and Routing Information required to transmit user data (BSS SGSN). Three service models supported by BSSGP:
1. BSSGP/RL service model 2. GMM Model 3. NM Model
26

GPRS Sax b GPRS AIPaxeP ` WhshAC b BSSGP s BVC OQ@s C@- BVC e

GPRS w]

BSS GPRS protocol BBSGP^A-td QoS TuA @ LLC. BVC.

BSSGP b NS W NS

layer 2 sublayer, WhO

BSSGP Virtual Connection (BVC). NS-VC, b BSSGP hi-@ BSS P SGSN PDUs.

Each BVC is used to transport BSSGP PDUs between peer PointTo-Point functional entities, peer Point-To-MultiPoint functional entities, or peer-signaling functional entities. BSSGP C@- BSSGP radio-related QoS P BSS P SGSN BVC, Q a QoS profile M MS ID Ob queues M contexts. 3 services, HUO : routing information. SGSN M BSS

BSSGP/RL (BSS GPRS Protocol/Relay) service model GMM (GPRS mobility management) model NM (Network management) model

BSSGP/RL Service Model

(1) BSSGP/RL service model In BSS, Relay function provides buffering and parameter mapping between RLC/MAC and BSSGP. In SGSN, BSSGP controls the transfer of LLC frames across the Gb interface. PDU contains
User information (an LLC packet) RLC/MAC-related information A QoS profile PDU lifetime

27

b BSS W Relay (RL) service model hO Gb BSSCP . b BSS W , Relay function buffering parameter mapping \ b SGSN W BSSGP service model

LLC frames

Um

RLC M

RLC/MAC P BSSGP . LLC frames e . SGSN) BSS)

DL-UNITDATA primitive: A UL-UNITDATA PDU (BSS UL-UNITDATA primitive: A DL-UNITDATA PDU (SGSN

The PDU is either acknowledged (using RLC/MAC ARQ functionality) or unacknowledged (using RLC/MAC UNITDATA) functionality. @- BSSGP PDU ]AUCU : MS radio access capability) data PDU O@ BSS ) ) (queue), N|Q User information (a LLC packet) RLC/MAC-related information (p QoS profile ( PDP lifetime (pG PDU b BSS [ layer 3 signaling PDU |

GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) Service Model

(2) GMM Model BSSGP GMM service model performs mobility management functions between SGSN and BSS. Examples of GMM service primitives provided by BSSGP are
PAGING SUSPEND RESUME
28

F mobility management A GMM model, SOOb BSS, u@ @ MS), HF MS V . BSSGP PAGING MS PAGING i { SGSN Hq

, SGSN P BSS (pROq : BSS:

BSSGP cell hIs

GMM service primitives d

For Packet-switched transmission (if initiated by SGSN) For Circuit-switched transmission (if initiated by an MSC/VLR). bo- cell. SUSPEND -n@- GPRS A , MS iD BSS eX SGSN H SUSPEND procedure. RESUME MS _ GPRS A , BSS | Area O BSS |eX RESUME PDU _ GPRS service. MS s SGSN H Routing MS SUSPEND PDU Procedure, SGSN | BSS Ish @

The Network Management (NM) Service Model (1/2)

(3) NM Model NM service model handles
Functions related to Gb interfaces BSS and SGSN Node Management Control
BSSGP protocol machine

Examples of BSSGP-supported NM service primitives are

FLOW-CONTROL-BVC FLOW-CONTROL-MS No flow control is performed in the uplink direction. There is a downlink buffer for each BVC. 29

NM service model P Gb interface \ P BSS/SGSN Iz `- . pG SGSN PP\h- machine, -nP BSSGP C@- BSS P SGSN

(p

flow control), -tdBz

BSS qT , SGSN u@- BSSGP protocol BSS BSSGP protocol machine Pu@ . radio-related QoS P routing information. SGSN M BSS

BVC, Q a QoS profile M MS ID Ob queues M contexts. BVC, MS,

Examples of BSSGP-supported NM service primitives: FLOW-CONTROL-BVC (C@- MS t - ) FLOW-CONTROL-MS (C@- MS -t ) Uplink V@ C@- BVC @- flow control. downlink buffer @ flow control . BSS q SGSN nU - BSS q SGSN -nU

The Network Management (NM) Service Model (2/2)

Flow control message FLOW-CONTROLBVC (FLOW-CONTROL-MS) sent from the BSS to the SGSN
To control downlink transmission at the SGSN Parameters: buffer size and the bucket leak rate

PDU in the downlink is not transferred to the MS before its lifetime expires
PDU is deleted from the BVC downlink buffer This action is reported to SGSN.
30

SGSN

SGSN

downlink transmission, BSS |e

flow control T

Primitive: FLOW-CONTROL-BVC Flow control ]t bucket leak rate. -Y BSS buffer @- PDU NQq BVC

FLOW-CONTROL_MS. BVC (MS) MS, h SGSN.

Parameters: buffer size Y-

PDU bsee downlink buffer R

. @]|q

Logical Link Control (1/3)

To convey information between Layer 3 entities (i.e., MS and SGSN) To provide logical link connections with
Flow control Sequence control Detection and recovery of
Transmission errors Format errors Operational errors on logical link connection
31

LLC in Layer 2: e s . LLC h|\hWs Flow control @gL control

MS P SGSN b layer 3 T , C@- connection -n frames

, iaTh

logic link connection W

Sequence transmission, Format

d (detection)^_ (recovery) connection and operational errors

Logical Link Control (2/3)

LLC maintains a ciphered data link (MS SGSN)
Independent of the underlying radio interface protocols

The LLC layer supports several QoS delay classes with different transfer delay characters. The LLC layer supports transmission with both ack and unack modes.
32

LLC -nAThias LLC |@ sXOb LLC MS P , i_u SGSN , N MS P SGSN LLC h , PUhL BS . , u-n

: ciphered data link. . SGSN , P BSS L , . ciphered data link N@

new LLC link. unacknowledge .

QoS delay classes b LLC ]-n acknowledge

Logical Link Control (3/3)

In the signaling plane
LLC provides service to GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) protocol. GMM includes functions : Attach, Authentication, and Transport of Session Management Messages

In the transmission plane

LLC provides service to SNDCP. SNDCP: multiplexing of data coming from the different sources to be sent across LLC
33

signaling plane: LLC WhO GMM SM (GPRS Mobility Management Session Management) LLC -n GMM. , A GMM \ , p attach, { , e session zT ( ex: for PDP context activation/ deactivation), Ob LLC layer. GMM Qb LLC WT , ~ MS P SGSN T .

transmission plan: LLC WhO SNDCP (SubNetwork Dependent Convergence) data (maybe P LLC e . SNDCP n multiplex @ , NP network layer protocol, IP, X.25) @_e

SNDCP ] user data redundant protocol information segmentation, reassembly, compression. Compression iH channel ov . GPRS nPs - network layer protocols, iH] network layer protocol Uh GPRS. H SNDCP NO@- , SNDCP -nTO network layer protocol \ , iH GPRS network X . SNDCP WNO@ network layer protocol, P GPRS L .

Gn (SGSN GGSN) & Gp (SGSN GGSN in Other GPRS Network)

34

o-

SGSN P GGSN - -YO SGSN Os@P~ interface. -YO h SGSN OsPL Gp interface.

. PDN s GPRS network GGSN, h GGSN s Gn GGSN,

Gn & Gp interfaces (1/3)

Both Gn and Gp interfaces utilizes the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP).
Gn (SGSN GGSN) Gp (SGSN External GGSN)

Gp is the same as Gn except

Extra security functionality for internetwork communications over the Gp interface.

With GTP,
An SGSN may communicate with multiple GGSNs. A GGSN may connect to many SGSNs.
35

Gn P Gp bs ]A Gp P Gn @PBb external GGSN, Hnh -| functionality.

GSN, HOQ Gp |s

GTP. GTP _ tunnel e . operator GPRS network security q , W[\h security

user data P GPRS signaling, OH

These security functionality is based on mutual agreements between operators. Q GTP, @- SGSN q . SGSN iHPh- GGSN q , @GGSN iHPh

MS, BSS, MSC/VLR, and HLR are not aware of the existence of GTP.

Gn & Gp interfaces (2/3)

In the transmission plane, GTP is supported by the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for connection-oriented transmission User Datagram Protocol (UDP) for connectionless transmission

GTP transmission uses a tunneling mechanism to carry user data packets.

Two-way, point-to-point path Tunneling transfers encapsulate data between GSNs. GTP implements out-of-band signaling.

36

GTP b layer 3, WhO transmission network. Tunnel OzL[T]]ANWh ^ w]_Ag {DAPA~] QoS^C Tunnel O@V GTP O bWOP|

user data, UhO

IP-UDP/TCP _ X.25 IP {

GPRS FeC Quality of Service , IIsu . signal P e tunnel

out-of-band signaling. (H )

Gn & Gp interfaces (3/3)

In the signaling plane, GTP is supported by UDP. A GTP tunnel is defined by the associated PDP contexts in two GSN nodes, and is identified with a tunnel ID. GTP performs
Path Management Tunnel Management Location Management Mobility Management
37

b signaling plane, GTP UhO b- h- GSN , iH tunnels .

UDP _

transmission network

path qT

. @

path i@-

@- GTP tunnel O- PDP contexts wq , Bi@- GTP performs Path Management Tunnel Management Location Management Mobility Management

GSN nodes associated tunnel ID @O .

Path and Location Managements in GTP

Path management
To detect failures occurring in the path Echo_Request and Response message pair

Location management
If GGSN does not support SS7 MAP for communication with an HLR. the interaction (GGSNHLR) is done indirectly through a specific GSN that performs GTP-MAP protocol conversation (usually through SGSN).
38

GTP

Path management: GSNs Ht O_ GTP path W~o Echo_Request P Response message . SS7 MAP w , h location GTP-MAP w SGSN).

GTP

Location management: -Y GGSN P management \O-n bU Sw HLR qT-n .

, GGSN P HLR Og GSN @ (q`|O

GTP Tunnel Management

Creating Tunnels Updating Tunnels Deleting Tunnels

39

GTP

Tunnel Management ]t sW Tunnels s Tunnels Tunnels

GTP Tunnel Management: Creating Tunnel

SGSN SGSN select one GGSN IP address Create_PDP_Context_Request GGSN creates a PDP context entry, a charging ID Create_PDP_Context_Response GGSN

40

SGSN nDsW -

GTP Tunnel: GGSN IP C } , X Greate_PDP_Context_Request message DNS C IP L~ PDP context entry PDN SGSN. .

Step 1. SGSN q DNS , X @- GGSN IP } , eX GGSN. Step 2. -Y t@- ) GGSN L^ GGSN

, SGSN |~eXDT IP address. ( GGSN

Step 3. GGSN bDT , |sW@- MS, -@ charging Identification. s e] Note: - GSN u|@ tunnel e . path, HVNg entry, , ] message X| GGSN ib , @-pO . SGSN ~

Step 4. GGSN ^

Create_PDP_Context_Response message TCP O UDP e

GTP Tunnel Management: Activate PDP Context

SGSN GGSN GGSN asks HLR for serving SGSN PDU_Notification_Request SGSN requests that the MS activate the indicated PDP context PDP_Context_Response
41

pG-n Step 0. GGSN Step 1. GGSN eX Step 2. SGSN -nD Step 3. SGSN ^

MS, GGSN -n activate a PDP context: HLR XeA MS activate @Qw MS serving SGSN. SGSN GGSN. PDP context. PDU_Notification_Request message PDU_Notification_Response message

GTP Tunnel Management: Updating Tunnel

SGSN Want to update RA or PDP context Update_PDP_Context_request message (new SGSN address, Tunnel ID, QoS Negotiates). GGSN consider QoS constraint Update_PDP_Context_Response Or negative Update_PDP_Context_Response to reject the request. SGSN will deactivate the PDP context. GGSN

42

GTP Updating Tunnel T , iOob SGSN Qns - RA information O PDP context , SGSN eX | Update_PDP_Context_request T GGSN Message ]t s : SGSN address

Tunnel ID QoS Negotiates GGSN message H update -nD . p , GGSN Fiai GGSN OPet - - , pGLk SGSN X QoS negotiated, i . O .

PDP context e QoS negotiated @X-

GGSN ^@- negative Update_PDP_Context_Response message SGSN, SGSN K deactivate PDP context. GTP io@T ( Update_PDP_Context_request, negative Update_PDP_Context_Response ) -st PDP context GGSNs, HF load balancing .

GTP Tunnel Management: Deleting Tunnel

SGSN To detach MS or deactivate a PDP context Delete_PDP_Context_Request Delete_PDP_Context_Response
43

GGSN

GTP iH

Deleting Tunnel : Delete_PDP_Context_Request detach a MS deactivate

SGSN P GGSN Delete_PDP_Context_Response T a PDP context. GGSN -n activate a PDP context:

Step 1. GGSN eX PDU_Notification_Request message HLR SGSN (A MS SGSN). Step 2. SGSN -nD Step 3. SGSN ^ GGSN. MS activate @Qw PDP context. PDU_Notification_Response message

GTP Mobility Management (1/2)

GTP MM functions:
GPRS Attach GPRS Routing Area Update Activation of PDP Contexts

44

GTP Mobility Management (MM) GTP MM \ GPRS Attach GPRS RA Update PDP context activation :

GTP Mobility Management (2/2)

New SGSN Old SGSN MS sends P-TMSI Identification_Request (P-TMSI) Identification_Response (IMSI) SGSN_Context_Request (old RA ID, old P-TMSI, new SGSN address) SGSN_Context_Response (MM, PCP contexts, LLC ack) SGSN_Context_Acknowledge Buffered User Data
45

MS

new SGSN, bs- MS q@- SGSN t-@ P-TMSI s SGSN.

GTP layer

mobility management. SGSN ,

Step 1. MS |eX

s SGSN P K SGSN Identification_Response message o HLR X MS record.

Identification_Request MS IMSI. IMSI iq SGSN H SGSN

Step 2. s SGSN eX SGSN_Context_Request message MS MM context, PDP contexts . SGSN_Context_Request ]t address . Step 3. SGSN message message s SGSN, message , K^ RA ID,

P-TMSI s

SGSN_Context_Response

SGSN_Context_Response]t MM context, active PDP contexts, H LLC acknowledge . Step 4. s SGSN Reponse message , ]^ SGSN_Context_Acknowledge message SGSN, s SGSN wni q MS ]F . Step 5. SGSN ee |^ MS data s SGSN.

Gs (SGSN MSC/VLR)
BSSAP+ SCCP MTP3 MTP2 MTP1 BSSAP+ SCCP MTP3 MTP2 MTP1 Gs

SGSN

MSC/VLR

46

o-

SGSN P

GSM

MSC/VLR -

Gs.

Gs interface [GSM 09.18]: Owq interface. BSSAP+

SGSN MSC/VLR b signaling plane W SCCP @hqTw .

SS7 (MTP1, MTP2, MTP3)

Gs Interface (2/2)
BSSAP+ procedures coordinate the location information of MSs that are both IMSI- and GPRS-attached. BSSAP+ are used to convey some GSM procedures via the SGSN.
Paging Procedure Suspend Procedure Resume Procedure Location Update Procedure
48

BSSAP+ Uo@ | Paging Procedure Suspend Procedure Resume Procedure

GSM P GPRS

interworking,

Location Update Procedure MS DV GPRS network location update, GPRS network |N location update q GSM network.

Gs Interface: Paging Procedure (1/2)

VLR can use GPRS to page MS for MSC/VLR-based service.
Class A or Class B MS can simultaneously IMSIand GPRS-Attached.

It is not necessary to page an MS for both GSM and GPRS services. Reduce the overall paging load on the radio interface
49

MSC/VLR-based service Class A Class B MS, ] Attached GPRS-Attached.

MS Is{\ Class A

VLR GPRS Is Class B MS iPOb IMSI-

Class-A mode of operation MS iHPe voice (GSM service, CS domain) P e data (GPRS service, PS domain) MS -n@- MS iH e voice Pe H Is
p-nP Is ]b . radio interface WIs-t{]|-C .

duplexer HW-z\ GPRS A data. , -Y , qA~ e

, tKAP@

. GSM A (CS domain)q data.

MS -

Class-B mode of operation ,

MS be , | e
GSM GPRS A

Gs Interface: Paging Procedure (2/2)

Step 1. VLR sends the GPRS_PAGING to the SGSN. Step 2. SGSN checks if the MS is GPRSattached and is known by SGSN.
Yes: SGSN sends the Gb PAGING to the BSS.

Step 3. SGSN forwards the paging result back to the VLR.

If the MS does not respond, VLR or BSS retransmits the paging message. The SGSN is not responsible for retransmission of the message.
50

Step 1. VLR e GPRS_PAGING message Step 2. SGSN T @ _w SGSN { Step 3. SGSN e pGO MS S^ SGSN htde - . -YO

SGSN H

paging procedure.

, Kd MS O_wg GPRS-attached MO , h SGSN eX Gb PAGING message BSS. paging G^ VLR. BSS e -| paging message, , VLR message.

Gs Interface: Suspend Procedure

To perform circuit-switched activity for a Class B MS (both IMSI- and GPRS-attached). VLR uses the SUSPEND procedure to inform the SGSN to suspend the GPRS activities of the MS.
VLR SGSN T6-1 GPRS Signaling Message T6-2 SUSPEND FAILURE

MS

Circuit-switched activity request SUSPEND T6-3 T6-2

51

VLR |b-n SUSPEND procedure q SGSN MS GPRS , H Class B (i IMSI-attached GPRS-attached) MS circuit-switched (ex. q ). Step 1. MS eX . Circuit-switched activity request VLR -nDq

Step 2. VLR |@q T6-1 ( Timer T6-1 expires ) eX SUSPEND message SGSN, SGSN SUSPEND message MS i GPRS . Step 3. pGb T6-3 SGSN, h SGSN |K

, |

, MS e GPRS Signaling Message , Bq VLR @p .

Step 4. t@- , -Y SGSN o{ MS, h SGSN |oX SUSPEND FAILURE message VLR SUSPEND . p Gb T6-2 VLR S SUSPEND_FAILURE message , h SUSPEND Procedure wQ .

Gs interface: Resume Procedure

VLR sends a RESUME message to the SGSN to resume the GPRS activity of the MS.
VLR RESUME RESUME_ACKNOWLEDGE SGSN

52

Class B MS circuit-switched activity message SGSN nDie - ~ MS Q

, VLR |eX RESUME GPRS activity.

Gs Interface: Location Update Procedure

A MS-initiated GPRS location update
Step 1. SGSN sends GPRS_LOCATION_UPDATING_Request to VLR. Step 2. The VLR Checks to determine if the IMSI is known.
If IMSI is unkonw, VLR retrieves the MM context of the MS from the HLR.

Success: VLR returns a GPRS_LOCATION_UPDATING_Accept to SGSN. Fail: SGSN informs the MS that the location update failed.
SGSN does not hear from the VLR within a period T8-1 53 VLR replies with a GPRS_LOCATION_UPDATING_Reject to SGSN

MS DV GPRS network location update location update q GSM network.

, GPRS network |N

Step 1. SGSN e GPRS_LOCATION_UPDATING_Request message VLR. Step 2. VLR d -Y{ Step 3. -Y ^ Kq SGSN b @ q T8-1 S VLR ^ , O VLR GPRS_LOCATION_UPDATING_Reject message, h SGSN MS location update . SGSN. MS , VLR |q IMSI O_O{ HLR X MS MM context.

-Y location update \ , h VLR |^ GPRS_LOCATION_UPDATING_Accept message

Gi (GGSN PDN)

54

o-

GGSN P~-

PDN -

Gi.

Gi Interface (1/3)
GGSN Interworks with
PSDN (Public Switched Data Network) PDN (Packet Data Network)

GiG GGSN PSDN/PDN

The interworking models to PSDN includes X.25 and X.75.
An MS is assigned an X.121 address. This address dynamically or permanently assigned

The interworking models to PDN includes IP and Point-to-point (PPP).

The IP address is statically assigned or dynamically allocated when PDP context activation.
55

GGSN t

GPRS network P external data network Gi interface.

access point X.25

GGSN PSDN/PDN -O GPRS network P PSDN X.75 w . MS t-@ | H (MS).

interworking model i X.121 address, PSDN iHXe

MS X.121 }iHO PSDN [t b PDP context activation ~Atm GPRS -@| GPRS network P PDN w . X.121 address pool. interworking model i

MS . ]iHO X.121 } . IP M PPP GPRS network router. operator . ,

P GPRS s internet intranet, uO t@- IP network, GGSN @ b GGSN i|@- screen ]w , HKQ-n IP iHRAw } GGSN ~ , O DHCP At firewall,

PDP context activation .

Gi Interface (2/3)
GPRS may
Transparently access the Internet Non-transparently access the intranet and ISP.

In transparently access the Internet,

IP address from the GPRS operators addressing space This address is used on GPRS network. No authentication request at PDP context activation Domain name services provided by the GPRS
56

GPRS iqza ISP s @ qza MS

(transparently) .

Internet @s :

, MDqza

Intranet

(transparently) IP O } . o- IP Ob ~} MS ] ] MS bD T , GGSN ]PPv{ GPRS bol]F

Internet @s

GPRS operator }tm GGSN P GGSN e PDP context activation , Ae . Domain name A\ .

. Internet P

Gi Interface (3/3)
In nontransparent access to an intranet or ISP,
IP address of an MS from the intranet/ISP address space At PDP context activation, the MS must be authenticated by the intranet/ISP. DNS provided by the intranet/ISP

57

Dqza MS }

Intranet IP O } server O

ISP s @

: , otm . intranet/ISP . . GPRS

intranet P ISP }tm intranet/ISP , MS

]b PDP context activation operator PNwwqL~ Domain name A

intranet/ISP