Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 4

A Compact Fractal UWB Antenna with open-ended Quarter Wavelength Slot for Band Notch Characteristics

Anirban Karmakar,Pritam Chakraborty ECE Department Netaji Subhash Engg College Kolkata, West Bengal, INDIA Rowdra Ghatak ECE Department National institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, INDIA D R Poddar ETCE Dept. Jadavpur University Kolkata, West Bengal

Abstract A compact fractal ultra-wideband antenna with band notch characteristics is presented and analyzed in detail. Open-ended quarter wavelength slots are etched in the radiating patch to create the notch band in 5.15 - 5.825 GHz assigned for IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2. Simulated results shows good broadband matched impedance characteristics and good Omni-directional radiation pattern. The antenna can be effectively used in UWB communication systems. KeywordsFractals, Sierpinski Carpet, UWB antenna, notched band, quarter-wavelength slot

I.

INTRODUCTION

Development of components for ultra wideband (UWB) communication systems has attracted a lot of attention with the opening up of the UWB bands for 3.1-10.6 GHz by FCC in 2002 [1], UWB technology can be widely used in ground penetrating radars, high data rate short wireless local area communications, parking radars, and other military applications. It displays desirable characteristics such as compact size, low cost, and good Omni-directional radiation pattern [2].There are some other narrow band communication system exist and most notable among them is 5.155.825 GHz band assigned for IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2. A simpler way to solve this problem is to design the UWB antenna with band notched characteristics which have been reported [3-9]. The band-notched characteristics by embedded slots were obtained when the length of the slot was about a half of the guided wavelength at the desired notch frequency. In contrast, we have demonstrated the possibilities of using slots with the length of about a quarter of the guided wavelength at the notch frequency with a fractal shape radiating structure. II. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

Fig.1 Sierpinski carpet fractal shaped antenna with band notch structure

The proposed antenna is realized on FR4 substrate of r = 4.4, h = 1.6 mm having loss tangent tan = 0.02 is shown in Fig.1. Simulation is performed using the commercial software CST Microwave StudioTM. The final design is optimized taking several aspects into consideration such as bandwidth of the antenna, bandwidth of the notched bands, and level of band rejection. The antenna has a compact volume of (27x24.5x1.6) mm3(WsubxLsubxh).

The proposed antenna consists of a square shape fractal radiating patch of dimension(14.5x17.5 )mm2 with partial ground plane which is given a shape of modified von koch curve[10] on the top side to cause wider bandwidth for UWB application. The first iteration of this fractal antenna is constructed by etching out the center rectangle of dimension (4.82x5.82) mm2 inside the patch. The next stage is achieved by subtracting additional eight rectangles of one third dimension (1.6x1.94)mm2 of the previous one that follows the same technique adopted to realize Sierpinski carpet geometry [10] which is used for bandwidth enhancement and antenna miniatarization. The dimension of the partial ground plane is taken as (27x14.5)mm2 (WsubxLg) which is printed on the back side of the substrate also used for bandwidth enhancement in the UWB range. In the upper side, the dimensions of each slot is taken (2x1)mm2 (wxl).The bottom of this miocrostrip patch is connected by a microstrip line of width(wf)3.1mm which gives 50ohm input impedance. The gap between patch and ground plane is taken as (g) 0.4mm. The location and shapes of the slots were determined as shown in Fig.1. In designing the slots, we used guided wavelength g=0/eff where 0 is the free space wavelength and eff =(r+1)/2 [11]. Two straight slots are cut near the left and right side edge of the radiating patch with width(Ws) equal to 0.3mm and length(Ls)is

7.75mm, which is about a quarter of the guided wavelength (g) calculated at centre frequency 5.5 GHz in the notch band.The effective length of an open slot, a slot with an open gap at the edge of the radiating patch, is calculated as two times the physical length. In a sense, the surface current has to travel four times the physical length of the open slot to complete a closed loop around the slot, while it needs to travel only twice the physical length of the inside slot. Use of double slot also improves the respective band-notched characteristics. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The simulated resonance characteristics of the antenna is shown in Fig 2. The characteristics reveal UWB behavior with bandwidth extending from 3.1 GHz to 11 GHz for S11 better than -10dB. It is also clear from Figure 2 that the undesired subband from 5.15 to 5.825 GHz is rejected, whereas the wideband behavior of the antenna is maintained.

From the UWB applications point of view, the antenna is usually required to have an Omni-directional radiation pattern. For the proposed antenna, this requirement is fulfilled over the whole bandwidth as shown in Fig 4.The radiation patterns of the antenna at three frequencies have been simulated. The simulated radiation patterns at 4.8GHz, 6GHz and 10.3GHz are plotted in Fig.4 respectively.

E-plane

Fig.2 Simulated S11 characteristics of the proposed antenna.

Fig.3 shows the simulated VSWR of the proposed fractal band notch antenna. It shows the antenna provides a sharp band notch of 5.15 to 5.825 GHz (VSWR>2), so the antenna inhibits interference with the existing WLAN frequencies.

H-plane (a)

Fig.3. VSWR characteristics of the proposed antenna.

E-Plane

current is uniform and mainly concentrated in the feed as shown in Fig. 5(a) and 5(c). On the other hand, in Fig. 5(b), we can see stronger current distributions concentrated near the edges of slots respectively at the center frequency of the notched band 5.5GHz.

H-Plane

(b)

(a)

E-plane

(b)

H-plane (c) Fig.4. Simulated E and H plane patterns (red line) of the fractal monopole at (a) 4.8GHz, (b) 6GHz, and (c) 10.3GHz.

(c) Fig.5. (a) Current distribution at 4.8GHz (b) Current distribution over slot at notched frequency 5.5GHz(c) Current distribution at 10.3GHz

The surface current distributions on the radiating patch of the antenna at three different frequencies are shown in Fig. 5. At a pass-band frequency of 4.8 GHz and 10.3GHz (outside the notched band), the distribution of the surface

UWB antenna system should be distortion free and to ensure this, temporal characterization is desirable. Figure 6 shows the simulated group delay of the antenna systems.

The antenna shows a nearly flat response in 3.1 to 10.6 GHz UWB band and the variation of group delay is less than 1ns except in the notched band, where the group delay makes large excursion. This ensures satisfactory time domain characteristics and distortion less transmission.

property, which is able to add more electrical length in less volume, is useful to miniaturize antennas and bandwidth enhancement. Stable radiation patterns and constant gain in the UWB band are obtained. Also the antenna behaves well in time domain characteristics. Accordingly, the proposed antenna is expected to be a good candidate in various UWB systems. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
One of the authors Rowdra Ghatak is grateful to Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for supporting this research under Young Scientist Scheme vide sanction no. SR/FTP/ETA-0033/2010, dated 31.08.2010

REFERENCES
[1] First Report and Order in the matter of Revision of Part 15 of the Commission's Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems, Released by Federal Communications Commission, ET-Docket 98-153, 2002. Fig.6.The simulated group delay (second) of the antenna. [2] Z. N. Chen, UWB antennas: from hype, promise to reality, IEEE Antennas Propag. Conf., pp. 19-22, 2007. [3] X. Qu, S. S. Zhong, and W. Wang, "Study of the band-notch function for a UWB circular disc monopole antenna," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 1677-1670, 2006. [4] Y. J. Cho, K. H. Kim, D. H. Choi, S. S. Lee, and S. O. Park, A miniature UWB planar monopole antenna with 5-GHz band-rejection filter and the time-domain characteristics, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1453-1460, May 2006. [5] C. Y. Hong, C. W. Ling, I. Y. Tarn, and S. J. Chung, Design of a planar ultrawideband antenna with a new band-notch structure, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 3391-3397, Dec. 2007. [6] Q. X. Chu, and Y. Y. Yang, 3.5/5.5 GHz dual band-notch ultrawideband antenna, Electron. Lett., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 172-174, 2008. [7] K. Yin, and J. P. Xu, Compact ultra-wideband antenna with dual band stop characteristic, Electron. Lett., vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 453-454, 2008. [8] W. S. Lee, D. Z. Kim, K. J. Kim, and J. W. Yu, Wideband planar monopole antennas with dual band-notched characteristics, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 28002806, 2006.

The simulated peak antenna gain of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig 7. On the notch region, there is a sharp fall in gain to about -5dBi.

Fig.7. Peak gain is plotted over the UWB band.

[9] J. Y. Deng, Y. Z. Yin, S. G. Zhou, and Q. Z. Liu, Compact ultrawideband antenna with tri-band notched characteristic, Electron. Lett., vol. 44, no. 21, pp. 1231-1233, 2008. [10] Kenneth Falconer, Fractal Geometry: Mathematical Foundations and Applications,2nd edition, New York 2003. [11] S. B. Cohn, Slot line on a dielectric substrate, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. MTT-17, no. 10, pp.768778, 1969.

IV.

CONCLUSION

In this paper, a compact fractal band notched UWB antenna has been presented and analyzed in detail. To obtain the sharp notch band, two straight open-ended quarter wavelength type slots were etched in the radiating patch. In this design fractal concept is used. This space filling

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi