TO THE OUTSIDE PLANT ENGINEER:

This handbook is designed to be used at your desk or in the field. To use it to

best advantage, please take a few minutes to read the following paragraphs and
then to thumb through and become familiar with its contents.
Purpose and Scope-Detailed design snd const.ruction of the Outside Plant
Network are covered in the 900 through 939 (Outside Plant Engineering), 363
(Loop Transmission Systems - Pair Gain), and 620 through 649 (Outside
Plant Construction) series of practices. This handbook does not replace these
practices, but provides ready reference to the various practices plus informa-
tion required for field use.
How to Use This Handbook-IT you can identify the desired information
with one of the main section titles (tabs), go to the Table of Contents at the
front of that section and look for the topic of interest. If you do not know the
proper section, cannot associate the topic with a main section title, or cannot
lind the material in the sect.ion, go to the Index (Section 19). 'l'he Index
contains references to lIubjec1a listed alphabetically. The abbreviations used are
explained in Section 18.
Sources and References-If you nood more information than is given in the
handbook, references to the associated documents are given either opposite the
topic heading in the text or in the Bibliography at the end of the section.
Updating-This handbook is intended ro be updated periodically by reissue of
the entire contents or selected complete geCtions.
Feedback-This 1990 edition is being issued to include changes in design
concepts, software, and hardware products. To help in updating and to ensure
that the handbook continues to meet your needs, plesse use the enclosed
Feedback Fonn.
"Local" Information-This handbook contains only standanJ infonnation;
however, you can add CompBny practices and other local directives either in
Section 1, which is provided for that purpose, or in the section appropriate for
the topic. The page size is half the standard 8-1/2 by 11 inches. Standard pages
may be folded, punched. and inserted. or pages may be reproduced locally to
handbook size. It is suggested that pages produced locally for insertion in one
of the 8ectiODS be printed on colored paper and inserted at either the front or
the back of the section.
Blank pages are provided at the end of the handbook for your personal notes.
Additional pages con ()e made by cutting standard size paper in balf.
OUTSIDE PLANT ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
JANUARY 1990
AT&T the right to make to the
pJ'Oduct(s) described in this document in the interest
of improving internal design, operational function,
and/or reliability. AT&T does not assume any liability
which may occur due to the use or application of the
product(s) or circuit Iayout(s) described herein.
Prepared by
Tbe AT&T Document Development Organi1:ation
Winston-Salem, North CarolinA
Copyrightc 1990 AT&T
AD Rights Reserved
Printed in UB.A,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
section
L Local Information
2. Planning - Integrated Methods System
3. Exchange Network Design
4. Pressurization
5. Transmission
6. Electrical Protection
7. Cable Entrance Facilities
8. Conduit
9. Buried Plant
10. Aerial Plant
II. Clearances for Aerial Plant
12. Premises Distribution Systems
13. Pair Gain Systems
14. Cable and Wire
15. Terminals and Closures
16. Loading Coils, Inductors, a.nd Ca.pacitors
17. Administration
18. Symbols and Abbreviations
19. Index
20. Notes
AT&T CONTACTS
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Technical assistance for the subjects covered can be obtained by calling the
Regional Technical Assistance Center at IS00225-RTAC. This telephone
number is staffed 24 hours per day. For ligbtguide technical as&istance. call
'-BOO-B24-1931.
DOCUMENTATION CONTENT
If you have questions regarding the content of this document, contact:
AT&T
Document Development Organization
Attention: Publishing Services Department -
Outside Plant Group
2400 Reynolda Road
Winston-Salem, N.C. 27106
Telephone: l-SOO334...Q404 or (919) 727-3167
Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. EST
ORDERING INFORMATION
To order additional copies of tbis document, AT&T Entities and Commer
cial Customers should send an onler to:
AT&T
Customer Information Center
Attention: Order Entry Section
2855 N. Franklin Road
P. O. Box 19901
lndianapolis, Indiana 46219
(AT&T Entities should use Form IND 1-80.80 FA, availahle through the
Customer [nformation Center.)
PLANNING - INTEGRATED METHODS SYSTEM PLANNING - INTEGRATED METHODS SYSTEM
Section 2
Feeder Administration (FA). . 2-3
Fundamental Subscriber Carrier Planning. :2<1
LROPP Stepa . . :2.4
CONTENTS
GENERAL.. . .
LONG RANGE OUTSIDE PLANT PLANNING (LROPP).
Purpose.
Detailed Distribution Area Planning (DDAP)
Facility Analysis Plan (FAP) .
~
2,
2-'
22
2-3
'23
FEEDER ADMINISTRATION ...
Tasks.
FACILITY ANALYSIS PLAN WAP) ..
DETAILED DlSTRffiUTION AREA PLANNrNG (DDAP)
FUNDAMENTAL SUBSCRffiER CARRIER PLANNING.
LOOP ENGINEERING INFORMATIOWSYSTEM (LEIS)
Taper Coding the NeLwork for LEIS ..
Engineering Responsibilities for Input,ting Data in LFACS
for LEIS Outputll.
2-8
2-9
210
212
213
217
2-18
2-19
Wire Center Selection. :l-4
A8semble Data B8se. 1.4
Begin Administrative Route Layout Sheets :2-.5
Ultimate Sectionalization 2.5
Existing Sectionalizatiolt. :2.5
Prepare BAA Pair Group Displays 2-6
Create Exchange Feeder Route Analysis Program
(EFRAP) Schematic. 2.6
Taper Code the Network BMed on Sectionalization. 2-6
Spread Forecasted Growth to EFRAP Sections. 26
Simplified Boundary Testing. . . . 2-6
Make Final EFRAP Run. . . 27
Develop Long Range Digital Line Plan 2-7
Compile Long Range Outside Plant Plan
Documentation. . . . . . . . . 2-7
Present the Plan for Approval.
Implementation ...
2-8
'8
2-1
2-ii
PLANNING - INTEGRATED METHODS SYSTEM
General
Long Range Outside
Plant Planning (LROPP)
Section 2
PLANNING - INTEGRATED METHODS SYSTEM
GENERAL
Outside plant planning is comprised of a getting-started step and ongoing
efforts as shown below.
Getting Started
Ongoing (Current Planning)
Feeder Administration (FA)
Long Range Outside Plant Planning (LROPP)
~ Facility Analysis Plan (FAP)
- Detailed Distribution Area Planning (DDAP)
- Fundamental Subscriber Carrier Planning
These methods systems collectively are known as the Integrated Methods
System (lMS).
LONG RANGE OUTSIDE PLANT PLANNING (LROPP)
Practices 901-350-200, -201
Long range outside plant planning is the process of analyzing future
growth and change, and providing for them in an efficient and economical
manner. It is an effective tool for intelligently managing the subscriber
network. Once developed, the long range plan allows savings in engineering and
outside plant costs in several ways. The plan:
Provides a guide for efficiently designing all work-rearrangements,
rehabilitation, and plant additions--toward the most economic network
configuration.
Reduces duplication of engineering effort because it produces standard-
ized documentation.
Assures up-to-date and accurate documentation when its maintenance
and updating become an ongoing function of the feeder administration
and design processes. The documents are continuously used as input to
designing, administering, and monitoring the outside plant network.
'-1
eXCHANGE NETWORK DESIGN
Section 3
CONTENTS
Pago
EXCHANGE NETWORK DESIGN
Feeder Design and Adminiliration
Ba.le Strategie.
section 3
EXCHANGE NETWORK DESIGN
FEEDER DESIGN AND ADMINISTRATION
FEEDER DESIGN AND ADMINISTRATION.
Basic Strategies.
Feeder Administration Method SYl:Item ..
Feeder Cnble Sil,ing - Paired Cable.
Feeder Cable Sizing - Lignf.iuide Cable.
DISTRIBUTION DESIGN AND ADMINISTRATlON.
Distribution Design and Administration - Urban and
Suburban - Paired Cable.
Design Guidelines for New Distribution Plant _ Urban
and Suburban - Paired Cable.
Administration of Cable Pairs in a Distribution Area. _ .
Dist.ribution Design and Administration - Rural _
Pai red Cable.
Rural Area Network Design (RAND) - Paired Cable
RAND Interface Locations
CARRIER SERVING AREA (CSA) OgSIGN
Copper (Paired) Distribution Cable...
Lightguide (Fiber) Distribution Cable.
31
H
32
H
3-4
J.4
3-.
3-5
J.6
3-i
Basic Strategies
Spare feeder facilities should be apportioned along an entire feeder route
to defer cable relief as long as possible. T h ~ s is accomplished by dividing the
feeder route into Allocation Are8ll (AAs) during the Long Range Outside Plant
Planning (LROPP) proces.s, Practice 901-350-201. Spare facilities should then
be allocated along the route based on the transmission limitations of each
Allocation Area. Relief intervals (2 to 5 years) can then be established for
various cross sections of the feeder route.
Allocated spare pain are then committed to laterals along the route based
on identified growth. (Committed means physically spliced to a lateral and
available in the distribution plant or appears on the feeder field of a feeder-
distribution interface.) TheBe pairs should always be committed in one or more
25pair groups (complemental. The allocated spare pair groups which may
remain in an AA ~ r commitment for identified growth can then be made
available for future growth aa required. This is accomplished by splicing the
spare groups into Reenterable In Cable Splices (RIeS). The use of RIes along
the route provides the flexibility of multipling these spare groups without
act.ually introducing multiple appearances of pail"B into the distribution plant.
If unforeseen growth occurs, these spare pair groups are available then to be
spliced to the appropriate lateral(s).
The methods of administering t.he feeder facilities wing paired cable are
as follows.
Type I ~ Serving Area Concept (SAC) Dedicated. Feeder pairs for
primary services 8re permanently assigned (dedicated). All feeder pairs are
committed to the interface in 25-pair groups and are multiple-free.
Type n - SAC Connect.Thr-ough (CT). In area!! of low penetration.
sufficient. nonmultipled feeder pairs are committed (in 25-pair groups) to
provide for the requirements. Jumpel"ll are left intact when service is discon-
nected, although on idle pairs the CT may be broken as requifed.
Type lll- Interfaced Plant With Multipled Feeder_ Where there
are insufficient feeder pairs llvailable for Types I or II administration, or where
EXCHANGE NETWORK DESKiN
Feeder DesJgn and Administration
Basic Strllltegiel
Feeder Administration Method System
growth is subject to shiAs between two contiguow; serving arees, 25-ptl.ir groupe
mey be multipled between two interfaces. The number of pain; multipled
should not exceed 15 pertent of the committed pairs. Also, 25-pair groups
should not be multipled outside of their Allocation Area. Multipled pairs within
an Allocation Area must meet the transmigsion criteria for the AA.
Th'ge methods an! covered in Practices 917-100-101, 915-215-200. -300.
The Loop Feeder Administration System (LFAS) and the Long Range
Analygis Program (LRAP) are mechllni:r;ed tools which aid the engineer in
determining the optimal economic solution in the feeder provisioning process.
Given several solution alternatives incorporating both proposed feeder relief
and potential route rearrangements, these programll are used to determine both
the economic fill at relief and the proper allocation of feeder facilities 90 as to
minimize total costs.
The introduction of lightguide (fiber) cable end subscriber carrier into
the network is reducing the requirement for traditional large paired feeder
cables. The ultimate gOll.I is to have outside ptant facilities capable of handling
higb rates of transmission tbroughout tbe network as explained in $ectioD 2 .
Pllmning. This can be accomplished by either utilizing paired cable, Tl
application to paired cable, or lightguide cable. Although new technology will
change many of our guidelines for deaigning feeder facilities, the strategies for
administering paired cables will generally remain tht. same.
Feeder Administration
Method System
Practices 916-100-010 to -015
The Feeder Administration Method System recommends the establish-
ment of Feeder Administrators in each Distribution Service Planning Center
(DSPC) to manage the feeder network.
Their purpose is to develop economical relief plane for eflch feeder route.
The plan should meet the facility requirements for the route for a specific relief
interval. The emphasis here is on:
(1) Looking at the entire route
(2) Looking at it for a specific relief interval.
Using the Feeder Administration Method System to look at each route
8ygtematically has these benefits:
(1) Each route is studied over a year.
3 -2
PRESSURIZATION
Section 4
CONTENTS
PRESSURIZATION
Appllclltion
Rules lor Joining Pressurized
IIlnd Nonp1"essurized Cables
Section 4
PRESSURIZATION
APPLICATION
RULES FOR JOINING PRESSURIZED AND
NONPRESSURIZED CABLES.
SYSTEM DESIGN.
DF.8IGN AND MAINTENANCE STANDARDS .
GAS SOURCES
Commercial Air Dryers.
Nitrogen Cylinders.
Liquid Nitrogen.
PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS AND CONTACTORS..
~
.-,
.-,
'-2
,-.
4-6
.-.
'-7
'-7
4-8
4-'
APPLICATION
In general, pressurization is recommended for the iollowingslr-corecable
plant:
All underground cable
Buried pulp and air-core lightguide c a ~ l e
All huried air-core trunk/toll polyethylene-insulated conducwr (PIC)
cable
Bwied exchange or feeder cable 400 pairs and larger
Aerial pulp tnmk/toll cable
Aerial pulp cable, ZOO pairs and larger, or carrying critical circuits.
Tht! pressurization of aerial PIC cable is no longer recommended.
See Pmctice 930-2{)O-010 for specific recommendations as to the proper upkeep
system to be employed.
RULES FOR JOINING PRESSURIZED AND
NONPRESSURIZED CABLES
Practice 632-410-200
(l) If filled PIC is to be connected to pressurized cable, use a 10- or 12typtl
stub (see Practice 631-020-101).
(2) Where pre!lSurized paper- or pulp. insulated conductor cable is to be
extended with air-core PIC that is not to be pressurized, the PIC cable
must be plugged close to the splice that will.ioin them.
(3) When air pressure is fed to pulp-insulated conductor cable through.
DUC'rPICt! cable, moisture may collect in the pulp insulation at the
PIC-pulp junction. PIC absorbs less moisture than pulp insulation. Air
pressure flowing into the pulp cable may cause moisture in the pulp
insulation. Therefore, when splicing DUCTP[C to pulp-insulated
cable, a factory-prepared, IO-type stub should be used (see Practice
631-020-101).
4 -,
Section 5
CONTENTS
RESISTANCE DESIGN
Loading Rules .
Cable Gauge Seledion
LONG ROUTE DESIGN.
Resistance Zones .
LRD Devices....
Loading Rules for LRD.
COIN LINES.
Transmission
Ccin Conlrol:
Supervision and Signaling:.
TRANSMISSION IMPROVEMEN'l' AND RANGE
EXTENSION DEVICES .
CONCENTRATED RANGE EXTENSION WITH GAIN
(CREG) DESIGN.
Design Rules.
Cable Gauge Selection
Loading Rules .
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GABLES
(METALLIC) .
Loop Resistance
Attenuation
Sheath and Shield Resistance
NOISE.
Shielding.
TRANSMISSION
Pave
'-I
5-9
5-3
'-7
57
'7
5-8
5-'
5-9
'-9
5-10
5-11
5-13
5-13
5-13
5-14
5-15
5-15
5-t5
5-17
5-18
,')-18
5-'
TRANSMISSKlN
TRANSMISSiON ON PAIR GAIN SYSTEMS
SLClil 1 Canier System
SLC 8 Carrier System
SLC 24 Carrier System...... _........
SLC 40 Carrier System
SLC 96 Carrier System
SLC Series 5 Carrier System. . '
SLC Series 5 Carrier Sygtem - Fiber-lo-the-Home.
5-i1
5-19
519
5-20
5-22
5-25
526
5-27
529
TRANSMISSION
Resistance Design
Section 5
TRANSMISSION
RESISTANCE DESIGN
Practices 901-350-202, 9 0 2 ~ 1 1 5 1 0 0 . 101
Resistsnce Qesign is predicated upon controlling tnmsrnisaion losses by
limiting the maximum conductor loop resistance. This design is used with the
traditional twisted pair copper cable. The demand for high speed transmission
rates has changed the guidelines for designing outside plant. To mert these
demands the outside plant network is being conditioned by the use of digital
subscriber carrier systems. These systems are being served via either T1 carrier
with repeateTll or lightguide cable.
Because of these factoTll and for planning purposes, it is recommended
that the point where Resistance Design should stop and subscriber carner or
long route design should begin i!l at 24 kilofeet from the central office. Under
[his premi&e Resistance Design rules are as follows:
(1) Maximum conductor loop ret>istance of 1500 ohms without loop
electronics (central office range permitting).
(2) Load aU loops over 18 kilofeet, which includes bridged lap.
(3) Limit bridged tap on nonloaded 1001>6 to 6 kilofeet or less.
(4) Limit end section plus bridged tap on loaded loops to 12 kilofeet or less.
Business loop end sectiOnB are limited to 9 kiloreet with no bridged tap.
(5) Design load spacing deviations normally within .120 feet.
(6) No bridged tap between load pointe.
(7) No loaded bridged taps.
(B) No stations (CUSTOMER SERVICES) are allowed between load
points.
These rules are illustrated all Page 5-2.
5-1
ELCTRICAl PROTECTION ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
Secllon 6
CONTENTS
GENERAL
Determining Exposure 1.0 Foreign Potentials
Exposure to Lightning
Power ContRcts
Power Induction
Ground Potential Rise
Unexposed Plant ..
f<:JectrlcaJ Protection Devices
CEN'I'RAL OFFICE PROTECTION
Fuse Cables ..
Connectors, Protector Blocks, and Heat Coih
:J07-Type ConnectoT'S .

6"1
6"'
6"'
6"'
6"'
6"3
6"3
6"'
6"'
6-.
H
6"9
Types of Sheaths Required for High Lightning Areas -
Aerial or BUl'ied
Underground
AERIAL WIRE PROTECTION
STATION PROTECTION.
Fusing Requirements
Fused Protectors .
FUlIeless Protectors
Sneak Current Protection ...
Bonding and Grounding for Station Protection
Buildings Served by Expo60d Cable -.
Buildings Served by Drop or Buried WireIJ -.
Ground Wire
High-Rise Buildings Containing Electronic
Equipment - ..
Selection of Approved Grounds
620
6-20
6-21
6-22
6-22
6-:22
H'l
6-24
6-24
6-24
6-25
6-25
626
6-27
Protector Units 6-10
and Grounding. 615
Bonding and Grounding - Situations 616
CABf.E PROTECTION 6-16
Aerial Plant Bonding Requirements for Exposed Aerial
Plant (Copper Conductor Cable) 617
Aerial Plant Bonding Requirements - .Joint
Crossing Pole 6-17
Aerial-Underground Junctions. . G-l7
Aerial Planl- Joint Use 618
Bonding Requirements for Aerial Lightguide Cable 619
Buried Plant Bonding Requirements 6-19
6-1 eg
ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
General
Section 6
ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
GENERAL
Electrical protection refers to ml!thoos and devices used to control or
mitigate potentials and currents of magnitude that could potlSibly constitute a
naUlrd to people;'property, and telecommunicaLions equipment. The source of
these abnormal potentials and currents is extraneous to the tele<:ommunica
tions system, and is frequently referred to as "foreign potentials." The purpose
of electrical ~ r o t e d i o n is twofold.
(I) 'fo minimize, aa far as practical. electrical hazards to telecommunica-
tion system usertl and to protect those who are engagP.d in construction,
operation, and maintenance of the system.
(2) To reduce, as far 88 practical, electrical damage to aerial buried, or
underground equipment and plant, centTal office equipment, and to
buildings or structures associated with such plant.
Where telecommunication system WJer and plant personnel are
concerned, sofely from shock hcuard is the prime consideration
when providing protection.
This section describes devices and methods that must be applied to
control or mitigate foreign potentials. Theae aTe minimum measures that must
be applied. There are situations where special protaction is required I\lI shown
on Page 63.
[n 1985, AT&T made available a single-volume reference book titled
"TELECOMMUNICATION ELECTRICAL PRO'fECTION." This compre-
hensive r1!SOurce emphasizes functional and practical application of electrical
protect.ion. It is available by contacting your AT&T Commercial Sales Repre-
sentative or through A1'&T Customer Information Center (under select code
350060).
6-1
Secllon 8
CONTENTS
PLANNING AND DESIGN GULDELlNBS
SIZING ..
SECTION LENGTHS
Factors Affecting Section Lengths of Conduit
PULLING TENSION
Copper and Aluminum Conductor Cable
Lightguide Cable.
CURVE DESIGN ..
Subsidiary Conduit
Single-Bore Conduit
Curve Radius 40 Feet or More .............
Curve Radius Less Than 40 Feet
CONDUIT AND PIPE ..
Factora to Consider in Selecting Type of Conduit.
Advantages of Single-Bore Conduit:
Advantages of Multiple-Bore Conduit:
Single-Bore Conduit .
Steel Pipe
PLACEMENT.
Duct Arrangements
Separation From Other Strncturea
Spacing and Backfill Requirements
Subsidiary Conduit
CONDUIT
''''
!l-\
82
85
85
!l-6
87
811
813
813
8-14
814
!l-14
816
816
S16
Sl6
817
!l-19
8-20
820
8-20
8-21
8-25
'1
8-ii
Conduit Casings
Bridge Crnssings
TRENCH WORK .
MANHOLES
Planning and Design Considerations
Sius and Types of MBnholes
Basic Manholes
Sizes ....
Center Rack Manholes .
Precllst Manhole .
Separation From Othet Structurt:S
FRAMES, COVERS, AND COLLARS .
Manhole Extenaion Rinp ...
DUCT ASSIGNMENT AND CABLE RACKING
CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT VAULT (CEV)
CONDUIT
8-25
8"28
8-29
832
832
8-32
832
!l-33
834
835
837
!l-38
839
840
843
CONOUIT
Planning .nd Oe&lgn GuideHn..
section 8
CONDUIT
PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES
Practices 919-240-001, -tOO
Obtain information from other utilities and governmental agencies
regarding their exirting and proposed underground facilities. '
Check with construction forces for infonnation on possible aped,a}
coMtruetion problems.
Conduct field survey of proposed route(s).
Select permanent locations for underground structures, taking into
account:
- The Long Range Outside Plant Plan (l.ROPP)
- PutUTt! requirements for reinforcement
- Present snd future requirements for subsidiary and branch con-
duit
F'uture road developments
Plans of other utilities
Kinds of road paving used along possible conduit routes
Special problems, such as bridge, railway, and submarine cro&sings
Need to avoid unstable soil conditions, foreign underground struc-
tures, liquid and gas storage facilities
Safety and convenience of workers and general public.
Size conduit structure on present worth of annual charges (PWAC) basis. (See
"Sizing" on Page 82.)
Select conduit material on basis of minimlUll total cost. Size manholes
and conduit for ultimate number of duct.a (40-year growth period).
Locate manholes 8way from road intersections.
Plan cable racking in manholes for maximum utilization of ducts.
Pitch conduit toward manhole.
Avoid drainage patterns that could physically e J l p o ~ underground stroc-
ture by !>Oil ero8ion.
.-,
BURIEO PLANt
...""".
CONTENTS
8URIED P1.ANT
P1anning and Design Gulclolines
Section 9
BURIED PLANT
PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES
Selecting Placing Locations
Urban and Suburban Residential Areas.
Low-Density (Rural) Areas
Mobile Home Parks ,
Cable and Sheath Selection - Copper
CARLE SIZING
Distribution Cables - Copper ..
Urban and Suburban Areas .
Low Density (Rural Areas)
Distribution Cables - Lightguide (Fiber)
Feeder Cable!! - Copper
Urban and Suburban Areas ..
Low Density (Rural Areaa)
Feeder Cables - Ligbtguide (Fiber)
JOINT CONSTRUCTION
Random Separation Between Power and Telephone
Facilities
CABLE PLACING
Placing PIC Cable - Copper ......
Placing Lightguide Cahle
BURIED SERVICE WIRES .. - .
Preterminated Buried Wire.
~
91
91
9\
92
92
92
93
9-3
93
93
9'
9'
9'
9'
9'
95
9-6
97
97
99
9-10
9-11
..;
PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES
Practice 917356-001
Buried plant is recommended ~ s the first choice of providing outside
plant facilities beyond the underground network. Total out of sight plant (no
pedestals) in urban areas has proven to have tqe lowest first cost, trouble rat.es.
and total coot. It also has greater public acceptance due to aesthetiC8.
Selecting Placing Locations
Select a pennanent location for all buried plant. considering such t'actors
as right-of-way limitatiotlll. soil t.ype. natural obstacles (i.e., rocks and
tTees). other underground utilities, and possible future excavation, such
as that involved in road widening, fences, or ditching.
Comply with all ordinances and regulations. Where required. secure
pennib before placing, excavating on private property, crossing streoms.
pushing pipe. or boring under streets and railways.
Determine location of existing underground utilities.
Urban and Suburban Residential Areas
Practice 917-356-100
Place distribution cables along the front property line or in a utility
easement along the rear property line. Factors to be considered in selecting
cable location are:
Soil and subsurface conditions
Natural obstacles such as rocks. trees, and unfavorable terrain
Location of other utilities and the possibility of joint construction
Existing or future obstructions such a.c; topsoil storage, fences, swimming
pools, and road paving
Ease of locating plant The front curb provides a convenient reference for
locating cables and closures; electronic markers are used to locate out of
sight closures where subsequent reentry is expected.
9'
AERIAL PLANT
Section 10
AERIAL PLANT
CONTENTS
PLANN1NG AND DESIGN GUIIJELINES
POLES
Pole Classes .
Markings on Poles and Stubs
POLE LINE DESIGN.
Pole Line Cla8sification
Storm Loading Areas ...............
Pole Loading
TransVenle Sklnn Loading ...............
Storm Loads for Telephone Cables .
Equivalent Storm Load of Attachments
Pole Class B&l!ed on Tnmsverse Storm Loading
Example of Pole CIIIS8 Based on 1'ranaverae Storm
Loading. . .
Eccentric Loads
Vertical Loading. . .
Depth of Setting Poles . . .
Unguyed Corner and Dead-End Poles .
Determining Pole C1aSil
Pa..
to-I
10-2
10-2
10-2
10-5
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-7
to-1O
10-11
lO-12
10-14
10-15
10-16
10-18
IO-HI
10-19
Suspension Stroud Diminishing Points .
Guying Insulated Wiree
Sidewalk Anchor Guys ..
Guy Rods and Anchors
B Rock Anchor .
C Guy Anchors .
Grounding or Insulating Guys
CABLE - SAGS AND TENSIONS - COPPER.
Suspension Strand
Stringing Tension for Strand
Cable SagE; - Copper
CABLE - MAXlMUM SPAN LENGTHS
Copper Conductor Cables
Lightguide Cables
Special Long-Span Deaign
WIRE.
10-27
10-28
10-29
to31
1031
1032
10-32
10-33
1033
1034
10-35
IO'U
10-4-1
10-45
LO-48
10-48
DepLh of Settinjt Unguyed Corner l:lnd Dead-End
Poles 10-23
Slack Span Design
Push Braces.
POLE LINE GUYING
Guying Cable Lines ...................
10-23
10-24
10-25
LO-27
10-; 10-11
AERIAL PLANT
PI8flnlng end Design Guidelines
Section 10
AERIAL PLANT
PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES
Practice 919-120-100
Consider aerial design only if huried design is significantly more expen
sive or is not feasible.
Select permanent locations for pole lines considering;
- future road widening or realignment
- expansion of other utilities
- special problelllB such as road, railway, and power line croSflings
- Barety and convenience of workers and the general public.
Obtain necessary permits for:
- building and maintaining pole lines on private property and public
right-ofway
- crossing railroads
- crossing over navigable waterways.
Coordinate with other utilities with mpect to;
p<.>lIsible joint use
minimizing inductive interference.
Design pole line for ultimate needs, considering pole line c1aMification,
storm 1000ding. and clearance requirements.
Use the most economical span length within the conetraintB imposed by
the deeign guidelines herein.
When adding cable to an existing line or when establishing a joint use
line, check that the pole strength tmd clearances are adequate.
Use self-aupporting cable rather than lashed cable if it is available in the
required siz.eand, if(t) there is no existing strand, or (2) newcuble cannot
be lashed to an eltisting cable.
10 -1
CLEARANCES FOR AERIAL PLANT
General
Telephone Conductors From Power Wires and Poles
Section 11
CLEARANCES FOR AERIAL PLANT
CLEARANCES FOR AERIAL PlANT
section 11
CONTENTS
GENERAL
The requirements in this section are based on the 1987 Edition of the
National Electric Safety Code (NESCj, Section 23, except where company
requirements are more slringent. They are taken fJom Practice 918-117-090,
Issue 4, and Addendum Issue 1. References to rules refer to the NESC.
Telephone Conductors From
Power Wires on Different
Pole Lines
The following clearances apply in any direction. Generally, they exceed
the NESC requirements, except that the NESC (Rule 2338) requires as-foot
minimum horizontal clearance. Sag is specified at 60'F with no wind.
GENERAL
Telephone Conductors From Power Wires on Different
Pole Lines
Telephone Conductors From Power Poles ..
Telephone Poles and Stub!! From Conductors and
Other Objects .
BASIC VERTICAL CLEARANCES
Basic Vertical Clearllrlces Above Ground, Rails, lWofs,
Water, Etc. . .
Swimming Areas.
p.,.
111
111
111
11-2
11-5
115
117
Telephone Conductors From Power Poles
Note: Joint use is usually prefero.ble to nonjoint parallel pole lines at the
clearances specified above.
For conductors, clearance trom power poles is the
same 88 between telephone poIeli and power conductors (see next
page).
Voltage
Up to 756
750 to 15,000
Over 15,000
Clearance tFI)
The lIlli of the conductor having the greater RaX.
but not !eM than 4 feet.
The sag of the conductor haying the greeter sag,
plUH t foot, but not IelIs than 9 feet.
One lldditional fOot for each additional 30 kV.
Reduced Ground Clearance When Crossing Is Not
at Midspan
Midspan Vertical Clearances - Joint Ulle Pole Line ....
Power Line Crossings - Vertical Clearances ....
CLEARANCES FROM OTHER OBJECTS
Community Antenna Television (CATV) Distrib.ution
Systems. . . .
Polics and Fire Alarm Facilities.
Signs, Chimneys, Tanks, and Other In.etallatioM
MAXIMUM SPAN LENGTHS FOR BASIC CLEARANCES
Guys ...
Cables ..
Wires
CLIMBING SPACE ON JOINTLY USED POLES
U-8
11-9
11-11
11-13
11-13
11-13
11-14
11-14
11-14
11-14
11-18
11-19
11 -1
"..
PREMISES DISTRI8UnON
PREMISES DISTRIBUTiON SYSTE.MS
Section 12
CONTENTS
GENERAL
RESPONSlBILrrrES
Premises Administration
NETWORK INTERFACE.
COLOR CODING.
BUILDING ENTRANCE AREA
PREMISES DISTRIBUTION SYS'l'EMS (POS)
ARRANGEMENTS
GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING AND SIZING PREMISES
DISTRIBUTION SY$1'EMS (PDS)
PREMISES DISTRIBUTION CONSULTANTS.
PREMISES DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS PRODUCTS -
GENERAL
CABLE ..
Fire Safety Considerations
Premises Distribution Systems Cable (Copper)
PROTECTION DEVICES
18S-Type Modular Protectorll
189-Type Modular Protectors
190-Type Protector
134-Type Protecton
19S-Type Prol.ectol'!l.
I99E6A-Type Protectol1l.
19OO-Type Protector.
300-Type Building Entrance Terminals
Pegl
12-
12-:
12-1
12-:
12-f
12-

12-l{
12-11
12g


12-

121:!
12-14
12-1B
12-21
12-22
12-23
12-23
l2-24
I-Type 'Terminal Blocks.
NETWORK INTERFACES
700-Type Jacks
CONN'ECTING BLOCKS
66-Type Connecting Blocks
IIO-Type Connecting Blocks .
no PATCH PANEL SYSTEM ........ _.........
Ot.her Connecting Facilities.
TERMINAL BLOCKS
SA-Type Terminal Blocks
MECHANICAL PROTECTION - BUILDING TERMINALS
GA- and GC-Type Cable Terminal Boxes
1AI and 2Al Cable Terminal Sectiollll
3AAl and 4AI Cable Terminal Sections
H IUId J Cable Tenninal Sections
Ilo-Type Apparatus Box ..
L1GHTGUlDE PREMISES DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Lightguide Cable Types ....
Lightguide BuildinR Cables ..
Riser Cables. . _..
Design Guidelines (Lightguide Cables).
Lightguide Premises Distribution Apparatus
Universal Lightguide Closure (UCBl) ........
Lightguide Interconnection Units (LlUs)
Interconnect Mode - LIU
Cl'058-Connsct. Mode - LIU .
LOX'" Lightguide Distribution Sysl.em.
PAIR GAIN SySTEMS HOUSINGS
12-25
12-26
12-26
12-27
12-27
12-29
12-29
12-33
12-34
12-34
12-3.5
12-35
12-35
12-36
12-37
12-37
12-38
12-40
12-40
12-40
12-44
12-45
12-45
12-45
12-46
12-47
12-49
12-52
12-i 12-ii
PAIR GAIN SYSTEMS
PAIR GAIN SYSTEMS
section 13
Other Enclosures
13-24
13-27
13-27
13-28
1.3-28
13-29
13-29
13-30
13-31
l3-31
13-31
13-32
13-32
13-34
1::1-34
13-37
13-39
13-40
13-42
13-45
............ " .
....................
Cabinet Mounted RT
Integrated Network Access - Remote Terminal (lNA-RT)
SLC Series 5 Remote Termi'!lal Enclosures
SLC Series 5 Fiber-to-the-Home (F'I'TH) ........
Lightguide (Fiber) Dietribution Cables. .
Remote Terminal CRT) ..
Distant Terminal (01'1 .
DDM-l000 MULTlPLEXER . _..... _ _ ..
"SLe" 4{) CARRIER SYSTEM. . . .....
Frame Mounted RT _ _ .
1'1 Span Line Powering - Di!tances .
Interface With Higher Order Ml (Type) MUltiplexer.
"SLC" 24 CARRIER SYSTEMS ...
SLC 24 U ~ i n g 1'1 Digital Lines .
SLC 24 With Fiber
"SLC" 8 CARRIER. SYSTEMS .. . ......
SLC 8 System Design
"SLC" 1 CARRIER SYSTEMS
LOOP SWITCHING SYSTEMS (L88)
Page
13-1
131
13-2
132
13-2
133
133
133
13-6
138
13-8
i3-8
1310
13-12
1315
1315
13-16
1316
1316
13-17
1318
13-18
1318
13-18
Universal Seriea 5 ............
Universal Series ;5 Mode 96 ......
Integrated Series 5 Mode 96 .
Hub Arrangement
SLC 96 Remote Terminal Equipment.
SLC 96 Remote Terminal Enclosures
SLC 96 Dilltributed Power Arrangement
SLC 96 Bulk Powering Arrangement
Other Enclosures
Distribution Facilities Beyond Remote Terminal (RT) .
Individual Pair Gain Systems
CONTENTS
Feature Packages
GENERAL
Carrier Serving Area (CSA) Philosophy .........
Central Office Terminal (COT)
Remote Terminals (RT) ..........
"SLC'''4I 96 CARRIER SYSTEMS
Universal SLC 96.
Universal SLC 96 Served by 1'1 Digital Lines (Copper)
Integrated SLC 96 ..
Fiber SLC 96
DS2 Fiber SLC Configuration
DSa Fiber SLC Configuration ...........
"SLC" SERIES 5
13-1 1311
PAIR GAIN SYSTEMS
General
Section 13
PAIR GAIN SYSTEMS
GENERAL
The increasing demand for an assortment of apecialllervices has made it
neeesllary to condition the local loop network to support these aervices. It must
be able to accommodate a wide railge of transmission applications including -
voice, data, video, sensor control, and many others. Some of these services
require high rates of transmission. Existing copper facilities can support some
of the services. However, in many cases, expensive reconditioning of the cable
plant will be necessary before service can be provided. The goal is to have the
entire local loop network ultimately capable of supporting a transmission rate
of 64 kb/sec. Nonloaded 26-gauge cable ia capable of providing this bit rate
within 12 kft of the serving central oflice. Digital subscriber canier (pair gain)
will be nec9SS8rY to meet that bit rate beyond 12 kft. With the introduction of
the latest technology of a complete fiber network from the central office (CO)
to the customer, it may be economical to install digital subscriber carrier in
loops less than 12 kft. 'l'he first phase of this is the SLC" Seriea ti -
FibeH.o-the-Home (F'T'l.'H) feature explained in this section.
Carrier Serving Area (CSA)
Philosophy
The Carrier Serving Area (CSA) concept is to sectionaJiu: the wire center
area into discrete geographical areas beyond 12 kR of the central office. This
sectionalization is done during the long range outside plant planning (LROPPJ
!>rDCe88 described in Section 2 of this handbook. Each CSA will ultimately be
8erved via a remote terminal CRT) which houses the digital carrier equipment.
and divides the feeder from the disLrihution network_ The boundaries of the
CSA are based on resistance limits of 900 ohms for the distribution plant
beyond the RT. These limits basically equate to 9 kit of 26'gauge cable and 12
kft of 19-, 22, or 24-gauge eable including bridged tap. Aft2r the CSAs are
established. when relief is required in a route and it is economical to deploy
digital carrier, the RT sires can be activated. Digital carrier is also applicable to
individual customer buildings or groups of buildings such 8S campus environ-
ment, industrial areas, shopping centers, and condominium and apartment
comple:tes.
Digital subscriber canier requires multiplexing at the central office (CO)
and remote terminal CRT). The trsnsmill8ion media between the CO and the
13 -1
CABLE AND WIRE
CABLE WIRE
Seclion 14
CONTENTS
METALLIC CABLE.
Metallic Cable Identification Code
Sheath Types .
Outer Protection .
Sbeath Types llnd Uses
Sheath Markings
PLAS'I'lC INSULATED COPPER CONDUCTOR (PIC)
CABLE.
Reel Lengtha-P1C Cablea
PIC CABLE DIAMETERS, WEIGHTS, AND REEL
LENGTHS ....
DUCTPfC (Air Core) Bonded Stalpeth
SelfSupporting Cable (Air Core) _ .
Self-Supporting Cablo (Air Core) Reinforced Sheath.
Alpeth Sheath (Air Core)
Alpeth Sheath (Air Core) - UM Protection
Bonded PASP Sheath (Air Core) ..
Bonded Stalpeth Sheath (Air Core).
Noncolor-Coded Bonded St.alpeth Sheath (Air Core)
AJo'Type ASP S h ~ a t h (Filled) DEPIC Nonscreened
AF-'I'ype ASP Sheath (Filled) DEPIC Nonscreened -
UM Protection
Page
14-1
14-1
[4-3
144
145
14-7
l4-10
14-11
L4-12
14-13
14-14
14-16
14-!7
14-18
14-20
l4-21
1423
ASP Sheath (Filled) DEPIC Screened .
ASP Sheath (Filled) DEPIC Screened .
Plenum Cables
LIGHTGUlDE CABLE.
Ribbon Design .
L1GH'I'PACK Design ....
Lightguide Cable - Sheaths and Applications
,
Lightguide Outside Plant Cable Identification Code
Lightguide Cable - 12 Bundle Fibers .
Lightguide Cable - Physical Characteristics .
Lightguide Cable Reel Lengths
L1GHTOffiDE BUILDrNG CABLES
Lightguide Riser Cables
f...igntguide Building Cables (LGBCl
Lightguide Building Cable (LGBe) Identification Code
LGBC Riser Cables .
WBC Plenum Cables
CABLE REELS
WIRE ..
Buried Wire
Aerial Service Wire
Aerial Line Wire .
14-28
14-29
14-30
14-31
14-31
14-32
14-34
14-35
14-36
14-37
14-38
14-40
14-40
14-41
14--41
14-42
14-43
14-44
14-46
14-46
14-49
14-50
AF-1'ype Bonded ASP (Filled) DEPIC Nonscreened . 14-25
AR-Seriea Riser Cable 14-26
PASP Sheath (Air Core) Screened .. 14-27
14-1
14-ii