CHAPTER NO.

19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS

ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
&

0341 6623062

CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS

ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922

& 0341 6623062

Q.19.01 When the chlorine atom m of mass number 35 and charge number 17 is
b ombard by photon the resulting atom disintegrates emitting and a particle ,
write the equation representing the reaction.
SOLUTION : Mass number of chlorine Cl = A = 35 , Charge number of Cl = Z = 35
The equation will be
35
32
+1p1
+ 24
17 Cl
16 X
But from periodic table the element with Z = 16 and A = 32 is Sapher with
symbol S. Hence the required equation is given by
17

Cl 35 + 1 p 1

16

X 32 +

Q.19.02 The half life of Radon is 3.80 days what would be its decay constant?

T
2

SOLUTION : -

3.80 days ,

T
2

= ?

0.693

T
= 3.80 days,= 3.80243600
2

0.693
3. 8 0 24 3600

0.693
328320

=
=

0.00000211
2 . 11 10 6 S 1
2

0.693
T
2

CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS

ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
&

0341 6623062

Q. 19. 03 The atomic weight of Bromine is 79.938 u and it is composed of two

isotopes of mass 78.943 u and 80.942 u compute the percentage of each
isotopes.
SOLUTION : Atomic weight of Br = 79.938 u , Atomic weight of Br 1 = 78.943 u
Atomic weight of Br 2 = 80.942 u
No of Br atom =

X = 100 , No of Br1 atom = X 1 = ?

No of Br2 atom = X 2 = 100 X 1

78.943 X 1 + [100 X 1 ] 80.942 = 79.938 100
78.943 X 1 80.942 X 1 + 100 80.942 = 79.938 100
[ 78.943 80.942 ] X 1 + 8094.2

= 7993.8

1.999 X 1 = 7993.8 8094.2

1.999 X 1

100.4

1.999 X 1

100.4

X1

100 . 4
1 . 999

= 50.22 %

X 2 = 100 X 1
X 2 = 100 50.22 = 49. 78

Q . 19. 04 The half life of 100 Po 210 is 140 days by what percent does its activity
d decreases per week ?
SOLUTION : -

T
2

140 days = 20 weeks

= ?

CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS

ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
&

0341 6623062

0.693
0.693
=
=
T
140
2

Now we can find rate of decay.

% =
% =

0.693
100
140

0.693
100 = 3.465 %
20

Q.19. 05.If a neutron be entirely converted in to energy how much energy would
be produced ? Express your answer in joules as well as electron volt.
SOLUTION : Mass of neutron = m = 1. 67 10 27 kg.
Speed of light = c = 3 10 8 m / sec.
E = m c2

According to mass energy equation.

E = 1. 67 10 27 [ 3 10 8 ] 2
E = 1. 67 10 27 9 10 16
E = 15 . 03 10 11 joules
1.6 10 19 joules = 1 e V
1 joules =

11

15.0310

1
1 . 6 10

11
1 15.03 10
j=
- 19
1 . 6 10

- 19

eV

= 937.5 10 6 e V

CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS

ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
&

Q . 19. 06 Find the binding energy

Given : m p = 1.0078 u , m
lu

52

Te

0341 6623062

126

= 1.0086 u ,

Te

125.9033 u

931.51 10 6 e V

SOLUTION : Mass of proton = m p = 1.0078 u , Mass of neutron = m n= 1.0086 u

Mass of T = m Te = 125.9033 u ,

lu

931.51 M e V

Binding energy = B.E = ?

Number of proton in Te = 52 , Number of proton and neutron in Te = 126
Number of neutron in Te = 126 52 = 74
Total mass of proton =

m p = 52 1.0078

Total mass of neutron in m

= 74 1.0078 = 74. 6364 u

Loss of mass of Te = m p + m

m Te = 52.0456 + 74. 6364

125.9

= 1.1387 u
Binding energy

1.1387 931.5

= 1060.69 M e V.

Q.19.07 If the number of atoms per gram of Ra is 2.666 10 and it decays

with a half life of 1622 years. Find the decay constant and the activity of the
sample .
SOLUTION : - Number of atom per gram in Ra = N = 2.666 10 21

T
1
2

1622 years = 1622 365 24 60 60 = 5.11 10 10 s

= ? ,

Activity = ?

CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS

ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922
&

T
2

0.693

activity = N

Since the mass is decreasing then

1.355 10 11 S 1

5. 11 10 10

0.693
T
2

0.693
T
2

0.693

OR

0341 6623062

1 . 355 10 11 2.666 1021

3. 612 1010 S 1

Q.19.08 What will be the maximum energy of the electron in the beta decay of
3
1H through the reaction.
1

H3 +1p1

He 3 + - + -

SOLUTION : Mass of 1 H 3 = 3.01605

m

3.01605 3.01603 = 0 . 00002

Hence

Mass of 2 He 3 = 3.01603

= m 931

= 0 . 00002

3.01605

931

Q.19.09 Find the Q value for the nuclear reaction ?

1

H2

H2

SOLUTION : 6

H3

0.0186 M e V

CHAPTER NO. 19
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
Mass of 1 H

= 1.007365

ASIFJAH ZEHRAVI
CELL NO . 0300 2568922

Mass of

Total initial mass = 3.023395 u , Final mass of

H
2

& 0341 6623062

= 2.014733

He 3 = 3.03337053 u

Change of mass = m = 3.2395 3.033330553 = 0 . 009935553

Q
Q

m C2

= 0 . 009935553 931

9.25 M e V

Q.19.10 Find the energy released when two deuterium ( 1 H 3 ) nuclei fuse
together to form an alpha particle ( 1 H 4 )
1

H2

H2

He 4 + Q

SOLUTION : Mass of 1 H 2 = 2.01473 u

Initial mass = 2 [ 2.014735 ] = 4. 029470 u , Final mass = 4.0026 u
Change of mass

= m = 4. 029470 4.0026 = 0 . 02687

Q

m C2

0 . 02687 931

25 . 016 M e V