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MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS

Acetaminophen Common Name Acetamide, N-(4hydroxymethyl), Nacetyl-p-amino phenol, pacetamidophenol, paracetamol Colloidal aluminum hydroxide, amphogel aluminum hydroxide Official description White, odorless, crystalline powder with slightly bitter taste Chemical formula C8H9NO2 Solubility 1g in 70ml water, 20ml boiling water, 50ml chloroform, 40ml glycerin, slightly soluble in ether 0.0001g/100ml (20oC) water, soluble in acids, alkalies and HCL Uses Analgesic, antipyretic

Aluminum hydroxide

Ammonium chloride

Aluminum trichloride

White viscous Al(OH)3 suspension form which small amounts of water may separate on standing; translucent in thin layers affects both red and blue litmus paper, slightly but is not reddened by phenolphthalein White or yellowish white NH4Cl crystalline powder, deliquescent sweet astringent taste

Antacid, skin protectant and mild astringent

1g in o.9ml water, 4ml alcohol, soluble in glycerin

Anhydrous lanolin

Wool Fate USP, Refined wool fat

Yellow tenacious, unctuous mass

About twice its weight in water; sparingly soluble in cold alcohol; more soluble in hot water, freely soluble in ether

Astringent and anhidrotic especially in the treatment of soggy athlete foot and to enhance efficacy of antifungal drugs Gives distinctive quality to ointment

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
Anise oil Aniseed oil, Star anise Colorless or pale yellow, oil strongly refractive liquid having the characteristic odor and taste of anise and chloroform Soluble I,n 3volume of 90% alcohol Flavoring agent for licorice candies, carminative in a dose of about 0.1ml Viscosity regulators and modifiers thus preventing caking or sedimentation in suspensions

Avicel

Microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose gel, sodium salt, cellulose gum

Banana flavor

Banana heart

Forms a three dimensional matrix comprised of millions of insoluble microcrystals that form an extremely stable, thixotropic gel, water dispersible, spray dried blend microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose Smoky, slightly cooling and delicately fragrant Very fine, odorless powder with a slightly earthy taste, free from grit, the powder is nearly light but maybe pale buff or cream colored

C6H10O5

dispersible

Bentonite powder

Wilhinite, soap clay, mineral soap

Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol Insoluble in water or acids

Flavoring agent

Bergamot

Bergamot oil

Has the odor of basically citrus, yet fruity and sweet with a warm spicy floral quality

Protective colloid for the stabilization os suspensions, emulsifier for oil and as a base for plasters and ointments Soluble in Antiseptic, alcohol and oils; antispasmodic, insoluble in water flavoring agent

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
Bismuth subnitrate Basic BiHNO3, bismuth oxynitrate, Spanish white, bismuth paint, bismuth nitrate White slightly hygroscopic powder Bi5O (OH)9 (NO3)4 Practically insoluble in water or organic solvents, dissolves readily in a n excess of HCl or HNO3 Pharmaceutical necessity in the preparation of bismuth, astringent, adsorbent, protective in lotions and ointments Provides calcium ions in the treatment of hypocalcemic tetany, relieves muscle spasm Lubricant in the manufacture of compressed tablets, conditioning agent in food and pharmaceutical product Slight local anesthetic, plasticizer Internally as laxative and externally as emollient

Calcium chloride

Calcium (II) chloride, calcium dichloride

White, hard odorless fragments or granules, deliquscent

CaCl2

1g in 0.7ml water, 4ml of alcohol

Calcium stearate

Octadecanoic acid, calcium salt

Fine, white to yellowish C36H70CaO4 white, bulky powder, slight characteristic odor, unctuous and free form grittiness

Insoluble in water, alcohol and ether

Camphor

Bornanone, gum camphor, Laurel camphor, Formosa Emulsoil, Neoloid, Purge

Waxy, white or transparent solid with a strong aromatic odor

C10H16O

Castor oil

Pale, yellowish or almost C57H104O9 odorless, transparent, viscid liquid with faint mild odor and a slightly acrid and nauseating taste

0,12g in 100ml water, 100g in 100ml chloroform Soluble in alcohol, miscible with dehydrated alcohol, glacial acetic acid, chloroform or

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
Cinnamon oil Cassia oil, oil of Chinese cinnamon Yellowish or brownish, becoming darker and thicker on aging or exposure to the air with the characteristic odor and taste of cassia cinnamon Colorless, transluscent crystals or a white granular to fine crystalline powder, odorless, strongly acid taste Has a warm, strong, spicy smell and the oil is colorless to pale yellow with a medium to watery viscosity C9H8O ether Soluble in equal colume of a;cohol; 2 volumes of 70% alcohol or equal vloulme of glacial acetic acid 1g in 0.5ml water, 2ml of alcohol or about 30ml ether, freely soluble in methanol Insoluble in water, soluble in oils and alcohol Flavorant, formerly was used in a dose of 0.1ml for flatulent colic

Citirc Acid, USP

1,2,3propanetricarboxlic acid

C6H8O7

Clove oil

Oil of Cloves

Coconut oil

Copra oil

Pasty solid at room temp but easily melts at a slightly elevated temperature Polygonal, rounded or spheroidal granules up to about 35 micrometer in diameter which is usually have a circular or

Insoluble in water at room temp

Cornstrach

Wheat starch, potato starch

Insoluble in cold water or alcohol, soluble in hot water

Preparation of anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution, citric acid syrup and effervescent salts Analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antineuralgic, anti-infective, disinefectant, insecticide, stimulant, stomachic Saponification, helps in the aborption of fat soluble vitamins in the body Adsorbent, demulcent, dusting powder, pharmaceutic aid

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
Distilled water Eucalyptus oil Water Leaf of eucalyptus globulus several-rayed central cleft Colorless, clear liquid without odor and taste Colorless or pale yellow liquid with a characteristic, aromatic, somewhat camphoraceous odor and a pungent, spicy, cooling taste Red, odorless liquid H2O C10H18O Soluble in 5 volumes of 70% alcohol Use as pharmaceuitc aid Flavoring agent and expectorant in chronic bronchitis; bacteriostatic

FD and C red no.3 Ferrous sulfate

Erythrocin, Allura red Iron, Heptahydrtae, Ferri Sulfas, Feosol

C20H6I4Na2O5 FeSO4

Lye

Formaldehyde Solution

Gelatin

Pale, bluish green crystals or granule\s; odorless, has a saline styptic taste and effloresces in dry air, becoming white Potassium hydroxide, White, nearly white, Caustic potash, Potash fused masses, small lye pellets flakes, sticks and other forms; hard and brittle and shows a crystalline fracture Formalin Colorless aqueous solution that officially contains NLT 37%w/v formaldehyde and has a characteristic aroma White gelatin Sheets, flakes, shreds or a coarse to fine powder, faintly yellow or amber

Soluble in water and alcohol 1g in 1.5ml of water or 0,5 ml of boiling water, insoluble in alcohol

dye Commonly employed in hematinic preparations, for iron deficiency anemias caustic

KOH

HCHO

1g in o.9ml water, 3ml alcohol or 2.5 ml glycerin at 25oC, very soluble in boiling alcohol Miscible with Disinfectant water and alcohol

Insoluble in cold water, but swells and softens when

Coat tablets and vehicle for suppositories,

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
in color; slightly characteristic bouillonlike odor Clear, colorless, syrupy C3H8O3 liquid with a sweet taste and not more than slight, characteristic odor which is neither harsh nor disagreeable when exposed to moist air immersed in it emulsifying agent Humectants, used to reduce corneal edema and to facilitate ophthalmic examination

Glycerin

1,2,3-propanetriol, Glycerol, Opthalgan, Osmoglyn

Isopropyl alcohol

2-propanol, isopropanol, rubbing alcohol Kaolin powder USP, clay, hydrated aluminum silicate, china clay, kaolinite Milk sugar, beta Dgalactopyranosyl(1,4(, beta-Dglucopyranose n-Dodecanoic acid, Dodecyclic acid, Dodecoic acid, laurostearic acid, vulvic acid, 1undecanecarboxylic acid, duodecyclic acid

Colorless, flammable C3H7OH chemical compound with a strong odor White, odorless, greenish Al2Si2O5(OH)4 or yellow foliated and earthy White crystalline powder C12H22O11

Miscible with water, alcohol or methanol, 1g in about 12 ml ethyl acetate or about 15 ml acetone, insoluble in chloroform, ether, fixed and volatile oils Miscible with water

Kaolin

Insoluble in water

Lactose

0.216g in 1ml water, 18.9049g at 25 degree Celsius, Insoluble in water

Lauric acid

White crystalline fatty acid

C12H24O2

Preservative, solvent, cleaning fluid and a drygas fuel additive Production of ceramic, filler for paint, rubber and plastics used in infant foods, bakery products, confections, diluents Antimicrobial, used in making soaps, cosmetics, esters and lauryl alcohol

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
Lemon oil Lemon peel tincture Yellow to green liquid with lemon odor Tasteless, odorless, transparent, colorless, oily liquid Very light, odorless white powdery compound existing in anhydrous and hydrated forms White solid powder that occurs naturally as the mineral brucite MgCO3 C10H18O Insoluble in water Used in soaps, perfumes and flavors Insoluble in both Laxatives by water and alcohol lubrication fecal material and intestinal mucosa 0.0012 mol/L Cosmetics, water, dusting powder 0.375g/100ml and toothpaste

Light mineral oil

Liquid petrolatum, liquid paraffin or white mineral oil Magnesite, Barringtonite, Nesequehonite

Magnesium Carbonate

Magnesium hydroxide

Milk of Magnesia

Mg(OH)2

1.2mg/100ml of water

Mannitol

Menthol

Cordycepic aid, manna sugar, Dmannite, Mannogem, Pearlitol Hexahydrothymol; 2isopropyl-5methylcyclohexanol; 4-isopropyl-1methylcyclohexan-3ol; peppermint camphor, racemic menthol

White, odorless, crystalline powder or free-flowing granules Free-flowing or agglomerated crystalline powder or colorless, prismatic, or a circular shiny crystals or hexagonal or fused masses with a strong characteristic odor and taste

C6H14O6

Practically insoluble in ether

C19H20O

Very soluble in 95% ethanol, chloroform, ether, fatty oils and liquid paraffin; soluble in acetone and benzene, very slightly soluble in glycerin,

Common component of antacids and laxatives, used in bleaching solutions to whiten clothes Diluents for lyophilized preparations, sweetening agent Flavoring agent

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
Mineral oil Avatech; Drakeol; heavy mineral oil, heavy liquid petrolatum; liquid petrolatum; paraffin oil; Sirius; white mineral oil Transparent, colorless, viscous oily liquid without fluorescence in daylight; practically tasteless and odorless when cold and has a faint odor when heated practically insoluble in water Practically insoluble in 95% ethanol, glycerin and water; soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide, ether and petroleum ether; miscible with volatile and fixed oils with the exception of castor oil Insoluble in water Emollient, lubricant, oleaginous vehicle, solvent

Palm oil

Palm nut oil

Paraffin

Hard wax; paraffinum durum; paraffin wax

Dark yellow to yellow red oil of vegetable origin obtained by pressing or boiling the flesh of the fruit of t6he oil palm Odorless and tasteless, translucent, colorless or white solid. Slightly greasy to the touch and may show brittle fracture

C55H96O6

C25H52

Soluble in chloroform, ether, volatile oils and most warm foxed oils, slightly soluble in ethanol, practically insoluble in acetone, 95%

Used in the manufacture of soaps, chocolates, cosmetics and candles Ointment base, stiffening agent

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
Peppermint water Pepermint water USP An aqueous based solution containing peppermint oil Pale yellow to yellowcolored, translucent, soft, unctuous mass, odorless, tasteless and not more that slightly fluorescent by daylight even when melted ethanol and water Miscible in water Flavored or sweetened vehicle Practically Emollient, insoluble in ointment base acetone, ethanol, hot or cold ethanol, glycerin and water, soluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, chloroform, ether, hexane and most fixed and volatile oils Insoluble in Emollient and water, slightly ointment base soluble in cold or hot alcohol and in cold dehydrated alcohol, freely soluble in benzene, carbon disulfide and chloroform, soluble in ether, hexane and fixed and volatile oils Soluble in water Binder in and other polar pharmaceutical

Peterolatum

Mineral jelly; yellow petrolatum; yellow petroleum jelly

Petroleum jelly

White petrolatum, white petroleum jelly

White or faintly yellowish, unctuous mass, transparent in thin layers even after cooling to 0 degrees

Polyvinylpyrollidone PNVP, PVP, povidone, polyvidone

White to yellow, hygroscopic, amorphous

(C6H9NO)n

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
Potasssium chloride USP Potassium chloride powder Odorless, colorless crystals or a white crystalline powder with unpleasant saline taste KCl solvents Practically insoluble in 95% ethanol tablets Used in water as a completion fluid in petroleum and natural gas operations and alternative to sodium chloride as water softener Widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries

Potassium Hydroxide

Potassium hydroxide

Precipitated calcium carbonate

White or nearly white fused mass and available in small flakes, pellets, sticks and other shapes of forms Fine white microcrystalline powder, odorless and tasteless

KOH

Practically insoluble in glycerin, 1 in 2,5 water Poorly soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol

CaCO3

Resorcinol

m-dihydroxybenzene

White needle shaped crystals or powder

Rose oil Saccharin

Phenylethyl alcohol USP

A clear liquid Odorless, white crystals or a white crystalline powder with intensely sweet taste with a metallic aftertaste White granular or

Used in modern paint coatings, ink and paper making materials, aid in antacids C6H6O2 Soluble in water Used in n1% to and alcohol 3% solution and in ointments and paste C6H5CH2CH2OH Sparingly soluble Used primarily in water in perfumery C7H5NO3S Not water soluble Sweetening agent

Sodium benzoate

C7H5NaO2

Antimicrobial

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
crystalline hygroscopic powder. Odorless or with a faint odor of benzoin and has unpleasant sweet and saline taste White crystalline, NaHCO3 odorless and with a saline and slightly alkaline taste powder Colorless, transparent Na2B4O7.10H20 crystals or a white crystalline, odorless powder Colorless, cubic crystals or a white crystalline, odorless with a saline taste powder NaCl preservative in cosmetics, food and pharmaceuticals 1g in 12ml water, insoluble in alcohol 1g in 16ml water, 1ml glycerin, 1ml boiling water, insoluble in alcohol 1g in 2.8ml water, 10ml glycerin, 2.7ml boiling water, slightly soluble in alcohol 1g in 1.5ml water at 265 degree Celsius or 0.6ml boiling water, insoluble in alcohol Insoluble in water; practically insoluble on cold alcohol; soluble in boiling alcohol, ether, chloroform, Gastric antacid, urinary alkalinizer Pharmaceutical necessity, alkalizing agent, buffer in denture adhesives Electrolyte replenisher, replacement of pH deficits

Sodium bicarbonate

Monosodium salt, baking soda, Na acid carbonate Borax, Na tetraborate, Na pyroborate, Na biborate

Sodium borate

Sodium chloride

Common salt, halite, table salt, rock salt

Sodium citrate

1-2-3 propane tricarboxylic acid; 2 hydroxy-trisodium salt

Colorless crystals or a white crystalline powder with a cooling saline taste

C6H5Na3O7

Expectorant, systemic and urine alkalinizer

Spermaceti

Cetyl ester wax

White to off-white somewhat translucent flakes with faint odor and with a bland mild taste

Pharmaceutic aid in ointments

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
Stearic acid Octadecanoic acid, cetyl acetic acid, stearophanic acid Hard, white or faintly yellowish somewhat glossy and crystalline solid or a white yellowish powder with a tallow odor and taste C18H36O2 carbon disulfide Practically insoluble in water, 1g in 20ml alcohol, 2ml chloroform, 3ml ether, 25ml acetone or 60ml carbon tetrachloride; freely soluble in carbon disulfide; soluble in amyl acetate benzene and toluene 1g in 0.5ml water, 120ml alcohol; insoluble in chloroform or ether 1g in 3,000ml water; sparingly soluble in alcohol; 1g in 60ml human serum; freely soluble in dilute mineral acids Very slightly soluble in water; sparingly soluble in acetone; slightly soluble in Solidifying agent

Sucrose

2-D glucopyuranosidesugar, cane sugar, beet sugar 40amino-Npyrimidin-2-ylbenzenesulfonamide

Colorless or white crystals, odorless, sweet taste powder or crystals

C13H22O11

Pharmaceutic necessity

Sulfadiazine

White or slightly yellow powder, odorless

C10H10N4O2S

antibacterial

Sulfamerazine

2-sulfanilamido-4methylpyrimidine

White or faintly yellowish white crystals or powder, has a lightly bitter taste and is odorless or practically so

C11H12N4O2S

antibacterial

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
it is stable in air but slowly darkness on exposure to light White to yellowish white powder which may darken on exposure to light and has a slightly bitter taste and is almost odorless Colorless, odorless, lubricating, light, sweet and nutty aroma, absolutely clear in color with a tinge of yellow Contains 85% sucrose in water ether and chloroform C12H14N4O2S Very soluble in A ntibacterial water and alcohol

Sulfamethezine

Sulfamithiazine, Sulfisomidine, Primazin, Primazin

Sweet almond oil

Relieve skin itch and dryness

Syrup, USP

Simple syrup, Sirup

1g in 0.5ml of water

Talc

Talcum, purified talc, French salt, soapstone

triethanolamine

A very fine, white grayish white crystalline powder, unctuous to the touch, adhering readily to the skin and free from grittiness A viscous, hygroscopic liquid with an ammonia aroma; colorless to pale yellow aqueous solution

H2Mg3(SiO3)4

Sweetening agent and a base for many flavored and medicated syrup Relieve skin itch and dryness

(HOCH2CH2)3N

Turpentine oil

Pinene isomers

Clear liquid

C10H16

Soluble in Used in dry chloroform, cleaning soaps, water and alcohol cosmetics, household detergents and textile processing Miscible with Used chiefly in

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS
mixture, Spirits of Turpentine Terpene; Dipanol; Kautschin; Oil of Turpentine Magnesium aluminum silicate Bleached beeswax, white beeswax, bleached wax Yellowish white, nearly tasteless, somewhat translucent, solid with a faint characteristic odor absolute alcohol and ether paints, vanishes and waxes

Veegum

White wax

Insoluble in water, soluble in cold alcohol, completely soluble in chloroform, ether, fixed and volatile oils

Stabilize emulsion and suspension Stiffening agent in cerates, pastes and ointment

Yellow wax

Beeswax and yellow beeswax

Zinc chloride

Yellow to grayish brown solid with an disagreeable, honey like odor and a faint characteristic taste White or nearly white, odorless, crystalline powder or as porcelain like masses or in molded pencils Very fine, odorless, amorphous, white or yellowish white powder that is free form grittiness

Stiffening agent

ZnCl

1g in 0.5ml water, 1.5ml alcohol and 2ml glycerin

Zinc oxide

ZnO

Caustic in high concentration, astringent in low concentration and mildly6 antibacterial Insoluble in Mild astringent, water and alcohol protective and but soluble in antiseptic, diluted acids employed in the treatment of skin disease and infections

MANUFACTURING EXCIPIENTS

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