Centre

No.

Surname

Paper Reference

1 3 1 2

Candidate
No.

2 F

Initial(s)

Signature

Paper Reference(s)

1312/2F

Examiners use only

Edexcel GCSE

Team Leaders use only

Geography A

Foundation Tier

Question Leave
Number Blank

Paper 2F

Wednesday 15 June 2005 Afternoon

Time: 1 hour 15 minutes

Materials required for examination

Nil

3
4

Items included with question papers

Photograph Booklet

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature.
Answer two questions.
You must choose either Question 1 (Managing the Environment) or Question 2 (Managing Hazards)
and
either Question 3 (Managing Tourism) or Question 4 (Managing Urban Areas)
For each section, indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ). If you change your
mind about an answer, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a cross ( ).
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.
Include diagrams in your answers, where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
There are 4 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 60.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this paper:
LEDC: Less Economically Developed Country
MEDC: More Economically Developed Country.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with
Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
2005 Edexcel Limited.
Printers Log. No.

M21223A
W850/S1312/57570 8/7/5/4/2

Total

Turn over

*M21223A0124*

Leave
blank

Answer EITHER Question 1 OR Question 2

If you answer Question 1 put a cross in this box

Question 1: Managing the Environment

1.

(a) Look at Figure 1. It is a cliff that is likely to erode quickly.

Figure 1
(i) Complete the paragraph by crossing out the wrong words.
There is a long fetch which will produce large/small waves.
The cliff is made of soft/hard rocks.
The prevailing wind hits the coast at an angle/straight on so longshore drift
will/will not happen.
(4)
(ii) Cross out the wrong word in the sentence below.
Beach nourishment is a type of soft/hard engineering.
(1)

*M21223A0224*

Leave
blank

(iii) Tick (9) the correct boxes in the table to say if the sentences are true or false.
True

False

Beach nourishment looks natural.

Beach nourishment is expensive.
(2)
(iv) Look at Photograph A in the Photograph Booklet. It shows a method of coastal
management in north Wales.
1.

Name the method of coastal management.

.........................................................................................................................
(1)

2.

What are the disadvantages of this method of coastal management?

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
(3)

*M21223A0324*

Turn over

Leave
blank

(b) Look at Figure 2. It shows the effects of flooding.

rice crop
destroyed

80,000 people
homeless

Mozambique

Zimbabwe

30,000 cattle die

ve

R. Sa

Botswana
Lim

town of Xai Xai

completely
submerged

opo
imp

R. L

R.

Indian
Ocean

o
pop

landslides
block town

North

South Africa
0

100

200

main road is
flooded; shops
and homes
looted

300

km

KEY

26 dead in
South Africa

river
country border
area of flooding
ocean

Figure 2
(i) The Beitbridge dam has been built on the Limpopo river.
It has been built 130 kilometres west of the Mozambique border.
Clearly mark and label this dam on Figure 2.
(1)
(ii) How many countries in Figure 2 were flooded?
................................................................................................................................
(1)

*M21223A0424*

Leave
blank

(iii) The flood caused problems for the people in the area.
State four of these problems.
Use evidence from Figure 2.
Problem 1 ...............................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Problem 2 ...............................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Problem 3 ...............................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Problem 4 ...............................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(4)
(iv) A number of factors can cause a river to flood.
Choose a river flood that you have studied.
Chosen river flood .................................................................................................
What caused the river to flood?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(5)

*M21223A0524*

Turn over

Leave
blank

(c) Farming can cause damage to fragile environments.

Choose a case study of farming which has caused damage to a fragile environment.
Chosen study ................................................................................................................
(i) Describe the effects of the damage to the fragile environment.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(ii) Explain what has been done to manage the problems.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(5)
(Total 30 marks)

*M21223A0624*

Q1

BLANK PAGE

*M21223A0724*

Turn over

Leave
blank

Answer EITHER Question 1 OR Question 2

If you answer Question 2 put a cross in this box

Question 2: Managing Hazards

2.

(a) Look at Figure 3 opposite. It shows the effects of Hurricane Isabel.

(i) Hurricane Isabel started as a tropical storm at location 15 N, 30 W
Clearly mark and label this location on Figure 3.
(1)
(ii) How far did Hurricane Isabel travel between 7 September and 8 September?
Circle the correct answer.
100 km

200 km

300 km

400 km

(1)
(iii) The hurricane caused problems for the local people in the area.
State four of these problems.
Use evidence from Figure 3.
Problem 1 ..............................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Problem 2 ..............................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Problem 3 ..............................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Problem 4 ..............................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(4)

*M21223A0824*

Leave
blank

(iv) There are often hurricanes on the east coast of the USA, an MEDC.
Why do people continue to live in this area?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)

45N

7,000 flights cancelled

NEW
YORK

10,000 trees blown over

NEW YORK

PENNSYLVANIA

40N
DELAWARE
VIRGINIA
NORTH
CAROLINA

35N

200 400 600 800

km

3 metre storm surge

17 deaths; 1 million people have no electricity

18 Sept

3 people killed, two of them by falling trees

WILMINGTON

11,000 people evacuated

30N

Atlantic Ocean
15 Sept
25N

14 Sept

Gulf of Mexico

13 Sept

12 Sept
11 Sept

20N

8 Sept
7 Sept

6 Sept

Caribbean Sea

15N

10N
100W

95W

90W

85W

80W

75W

70W

65W

60W

55W

50W

45W

40W

35W

30W

KEY
state boundary
national boundary
path of hurricane

Figure 3

*M21223A0924*

Turn over

Leave
blank

(b) Look at Figure 4. It shows the location of volcanoes erupting in 2003.

Eurasian Plate

Philippine
Plate

North
American
Plate

Pacific Plate

Cocos
Plate

Caribbean Plate

Nazca
Plate
South
American
Plate

Indo Australian Plate

Antarctic
Plate

Key
Plate boundaries
Volcanoes erupting in 2003
Movement of plates

Figure 4
(i) Describe the distribution of volcanoes shown on the map.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(ii) What type of plate boundary is shown at A in Figure 4?
Circle the correct answer.
convergent

divergent

conservative
(1)

10

*M21223A01024*

Leave
blank

(iii) Complete the sentences below to describe the features found at this plate
boundary. Cross out the wrong words.
The plates are moving slowly / quickly.
The Pacific plate is moving towards / away from the Nazca plate.
This causes magma to rise / fall and fill the gap.
There are many / few earthquakes at this plate boundary.
(4)
(iv) MEDCs and LEDCs may prepare for volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in
different ways.
How are predictions and precautions likely to be different in MEDCs and
LEDCs?
Use examples from case studies in your answer.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(5)

*M21223A01124*

11

Turn over

Leave
blank

(c) Choose one earthquake that you have studied.

Name of chosen earthquake .........................................................................................
(i) Describe the short-term (immediate) responses made by people in the area.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(ii) Explain the long-term problems for people in the area.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(5)
(Total 30 marks)

12

*M21223A01224*

Q2

BLANK PAGE

*M21223A01324*

13

Turn over

Leave
blank

Answer EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4

If you answer Question 3 put a cross in this box

Question 3: Managing Tourism

3.

(a) Look at Figure 5. It shows the ten most popular holiday destinations for tourists from
Wales in 2003.

Figure 5
(i) How many tourists from Wales visited Greece?
Circle the correct answer.
50

500

5 000

50 000
(1)

(ii) Which country had the most tourists from Wales?

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) How will an increase in tourism to Greece help to create jobs in farming?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
14

*M21223A01424*

Leave
blank

(iv) Look at Photographs B and C in the Photograph Booklet. They show different
tourist attractions in Greece.
Give two examples of active tourism and one example of passive tourism.
Use evidence from the photographs.
Active Tourism
1 .............................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................
Passive Tourism
1 .............................................................................................................................
(3)
(v) Look at Photograph D in the Photograph Booklet. The area has not yet been
developed for tourism.
Suggest reasons why.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(vi) Complete the paragraph by crossing out the wrong words.
Since 1945, there has been a slow / rapid growth in tourism.
Three reasons for this are:
People are getting longer / shorter paid holidays.
Developments in transport have made it more difficult / easier to travel.
Advertising has encouraged people to go / not to go on holidays.
(4)

*M21223A01524*

15

Turn over

Leave
blank

(b) Read the following information about the Alta Floresta Ecotourism project.
Alta Floresta is a settlement in the
Amazon rainforest. People from the
settlement are trained to work at the
tourist centre. The tourist centre educates
tourists about the ecology of the
rainforest. Tourists learn about the causes
and effects of its destruction. Money the
tourists spend is used to protect the natural
habitat. It has also been used to build a
school and hospital. People in the
settlement have gained educationally and
socially from the school and hospital.
The tourist lodges are low-rise. They are
made from local materials. People can
only get to the lodges by boat. The lodges
use solar power for energy.
Alta Floresta is an example of sustainable tourism.

(i) What is sustainable tourism? Cross out the wrong word in the sentence below.
It is tourism that benefits the local people and does as much/little harm as
possible to the environment.
(1)
(ii) State two things that have been done at Alta Floresta to make it an example of
sustainable tourism.
1 .............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)

16

*M21223A01624*

Leave
blank

(iii) Choose a fragile environment you have studied in an MEDC where tourism is
being managed sustainably.
Chosen case study .................................................................................................
Explain the management strategies used.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(5)

*M21223A01724*

17

Turn over

Leave
blank

(c) Choose either a coastal area or a mountain area that you have studied in an LEDC.
Chosen area ..................................................................................................................
(i) Describe the physical and human attractions that led to the development of
tourism.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(ii) What effects has the growth of tourism had on different groups of people in the
area?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(5)
(Total 30 marks)

18

*M21223A01824*

Q3

BLANK PAGE

*M21223A01924*

19

Turn over

Leave
blank

Answer EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4

If you answer Question 4 put a cross in this box

Question 4: Managing Urban Areas

4.

(a) Look at Figure 6. It shows the percentage urban population in LEDCs and MEDCs.

Figure 6
(i) In 1950, what percentage of the population of MEDCs was urban?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Describe the changes in urban population for LEDCs and MEDCs.
Use data from Figure 6.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)

20

*M21223A02024*

Leave
blank

(iii) What is urbanisation?

Cross out the wrong word in the sentence below.
It is the process where the
urban areas decreases / increases.

proportion

of

people

living

in
(1)

(b) Read the following. It gives information about pollution in Mexico City.
In Mexico City only 75% of rubbish is collected. In some areas there are no sewers.
Therefore women collect human excrement to dump in waste pits. Industrial waste
is often dumped illegally into the citys main river. Mexico City has more than a
million vehicles. Many of the vehicles are old and give out high levels of lead,
carbon monoxide and other poisonous gases. These gases can cause asthma and brain
damage. 20% of people living in Mexico City have permanent breathing difficulties,
headaches, coughs and eye problems. The number of cancer victims is increasing.
(i) What percentage of rubbish is not collected in Mexico City?
Circle the correct answer in the list below.
20

25

75

80
(1)

(ii) State two effects of the pollution on the residents of Mexico City.
Effect 1
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Effect 2
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)

*M21223A02124*

21

Turn over

Leave
blank

(iii) Many urban areas are polluted.

For an urban area you have studied explain how pollution is being managed.
Chosen urban area .................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(5)

22

*M21223A02224*

Leave
blank

(c) Look at Photograph E in the Photograph Booklet. It shows Greenbelt land in

Hertfordshire.
(i) Complete the sentences by crossing out the wrong words.
Green belt land helps to control the spread of farmland / cities.
A greenfield / brownfield site is an area on the edge of the city which has never
been developed.
(2)
(ii) Describe the site shown in Photograph E.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(iii) There is a plan to build 20 000 homes on this site.
Some people would be for the plan to build on this land and other people would
be against the plan.
Explain why.
People for
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
People against
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(4)

*M21223A02324*

23

Turn over

Leave
blank

(d) Inner city areas in MEDCs are changing.

Choose an inner city area in an MEDC which you have studied.
Name of the inner city area ..........................................................................................
(i) Describe the changes in the inner city.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(ii) Explain why renewal and redevelopment have taken place.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(5)
(Total 30 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS
END
24

*M21223A02424*

Q4