MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

SCHEME AND SYLLABI

FOR

M. Tech. DEGREE PROGRAMME

IN

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(2011ADMISSION ONWARDS)

SCHEME AND SYLLABI FOR M. Tech. DEGREE PROGRAMME IN COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SEMESTER I
Hrs / Week Sl. No. Course No. Subject L Applied Mathematics Communication Engineering for T P TA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MECCE 101 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 18 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 5 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 225 CT 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 0 175 Evaluation Scheme (Marks) Sessional Sub Total 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 400 ESE Total Credits (C)

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 700

150 150 150 150 150 150 150 50 1100

4 4 4 4 3 3 2 1 25

MECCE 102 Advanced Digital Communication MECCE 103 High Frequency Circuits Design MECCE 104 High Performance Communication Network

MECCE 105 Elective I MECCE 106 Elective II MECCE 107 Communication Engineering Lab MECCE 108 Seminar I Total

Elective - I (MECCE 105) MECCE 105-1 Soft Computing MECCE 105-2 Antenna Theory and Design MECCE 105-3 Global Tracking and Positioning Systems MECCE 105-4 Satellite Communication MECCE 105-1 MECCE 105-2 MECCE 105-3 MECCE 105-4

Elective - II (MECCE 106) Soft Computing Antenna Theory and Design Global Tracking and Positioning Systems Satellite Communication

L Lecture, T Tutorial, P Practical TA Teachers Assessment (Assignments, attendance, group discussion, Quiz, tutorials, seminars, etc.) CT Class Test (Minimum of two tests to be conducted by the Institute) ESE End Semester Examination to be conducted by the University Electives: New Electives may be added by the department according to the needs of emerging fields of technology. The name of the elective and its syllabus should be submitted to the University before the course is offered.

SEMESTER - II
Hrs / Week Sl. No. Course No. Subject L T P TA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MECCE 201 Advanced Digital Signal Processing Wireless Communications and Networks Photonics and Light Wave MECCE 203 Communication MECCE 202 MECCE 204 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits MECCE 205 Elective III MECCE 206 Elective IV MECCE 207 DSP Lab MECCE 208 Seminar II Total 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 18 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 5 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 225 CT 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 0 175 Evaluation Scheme (Marks) Sessional Sub Total 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 400 ESE Total Credits (C)

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 700

150 150 150 150 150 150 150 50 1100

4 4 4 4 3 3 2 1 25

Elective - III (MECCE 205)

MECCE205-1 MECCE 205-2 MECCE 205-3 MECCE 205-4

Elective IV- (MECCE 206)

MECCE205-1 MECCE 205-2 MECCE 205-3 MECCE 205-4

Communication Network Security Speech and Audio Processing Wireless Sensor Networks Optical Signal Processing

Communication Network Security Speech and Audio Processing Wireless Sensor Networks Optical Signal Processing

L Lecture, T Tutorial, P Practical TA Teachers Assessment (Assignments, attendance, group discussion, Quiz, tutorials, seminars, etc.) CT Class Test (Minimum of two tests to be conducted by the Institute) ESE End Semester Examination to be conducted by the University Electives: New Electives may be added by the department according to the needs of emerging fields of technology. The name of the elective and its syllabus should be submitted to the University before the course is offered

SEMESTER - III
Hrs / Week Sl. No. Course No. Subject L Industrial Training or Industrial Training and Mini Project Masters Thesis Phase - I Total T P TA* 1 2 MECCE 301 MECCE 302 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 30 50 100*** 150 CT 0 0 0 Evaluation Scheme (Marks) Sessional Sub Total 50 100 150 ESE** Total (Oral) Credits (C)

100 0 100

150 100 250

10 5 15

TA based on a Technical Report submitted together with presentation at the end of the Industrial Training and Mini Project

** Evaluation of the Industrial Training and Mini Project will be conducted at the end of the third semester by a panel of examiners, with at least one external examiner, constituted by the University. *** The marks will be awarded by a panel of examiners constituted by the concerned institute

SEMESTER - IV
Hrs / Week Sl. No. Course No. Subject L T P TA* 1 2
MECAE 401 MECAE 402

Evaluation Scheme (Marks) Sessional CT 0 ESE** (Oral Total & Sub Total Viva) 100 100 100 200 100 300 2750 15 80 Credits (C)

Masters Thesis Masters Comprehensive Viva Total

30

100

15

30 Grand Total of all Semesters

100

100

200

50% of the marks to be awarded by the Project Guide and the remaining 50% to be awarded by a panel of examiners, including the Project Guide, constituted by the Department

** Thesis evaluation and Viva-voce will be conducted at the end of the fourth semester by a panel of examiners, with at least one external examiner, constituted by the University.

SEMESTER I MECCE 101 APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOR COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING ELECTRONIC SYSTEM MODELING AND L T P C 3 1 0 4

Module 1: Random Processes -I: Review of random variables(RV), distributions and properties characteristic functions functions of RVs, joint pdf. Random processes(RP) stationary, WSS and ergodic RP properties RP and linear systems Power spectrum Weiner-Khinchin theorem. Module 2: Random Processes -II: Discrete/continuous state and discrete/continuous parameter RP- independent RP renewal process poisson and exponential processes markov process birth-death process. Discrete and continuous parameter markov chains transition probabilities,

limiting distributions theory of M/M/1. Module 3: Vector Space and Linear Transformation Vector spaces. Subspaces, Linear independence, Span, basis, dimension, finite

dimensional vector spaces, direct sum. Examples of finite dimensional vector spaces RN, CN, vector space of matrices. Dimensionality of Row and Column space (rank of the matrix). Non-singular, Hermitian and Unitary matrices. Linear Transformation, range and null space, rank nullity theorem, Matrix representation of linear transform. Change of basis Module 4: Inner Product Spaces:Inner Product spaces, norm, orthogonality, Hilbert spaces, orthogonal complements, projection theorem, orthogonal projections, orthonormal basis. References: 1. H. Stark, J.W Woods, Probability and Random Processes, Pearson Education, 2002 2. K. S. Trivedi, Probability & Statistics with Reliability, Queuing and Computer Science Applications, (Second Edition), John Wiley 3. K. Huffman, R. Kunze, Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall of India, 1998 4. Michael W. Frazier, An introduction to wavelets through linear Algebra, Springer,2004

5. S.D. Sharma, Operation Research 6. Manmohan Gupta, Optimization techniques 7. R D Yates, D J Goodman, Probability and Stochastic Processes, John Wiley and Sons, 2005 8. Richard A. Johnson, Miller and Freund's Probability and Statistics for Engineers, 7th Edition, PHI, 2004

MECCE 102

ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

L T P C 3 1 0 4

Module 1: Detection and Estimation Fundamentals of digital communication-Model-response of bank of correlators-PoEcorrelation receiver-matched filter-Estimation-maximum likelihood-Weiner-linear

prediction-optimum detection of Equivalent signal-optimum detection of random signal. Module 2: Multiplexing and multiple access Multiple access techniques-system and architecture-Access algorithms-multiple access techniques for INTELSAT-multiple access techniques for LAN Module 3: Spread spectrum Techniques Spread spectrum overview-PN sequences-DS spread spectrum-Frequency hoppingsynchronization-jamming considerations- commercial applications-cellular systems Module 4: Digital Communications through Fading Channels Fading-signal time spreading-time varience caused by motion-mitigating the degradation effects of Fading-Rake Receiver-viterbi equaliser. References: 1. Bernard Sclar and Pabitra kumar Ray Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications, Pearson Education,2nd edition,2001 2. Simon Haykin, Digital Communications, John Wiley and sons,1998 3. 1. J. Proakis, Digital Communications, McGraw Hill, 4th edition,2007 4. J. Viterbi and J. K. Omura, Principles of Digital Communications and Coding, McGraw Hill, 1979 5. Marvin K. Simon, Jim K. Omura, Robert A. Scholtz, Barry K. Levit, Spread Spectrum Communications, Computer Science Press, 1988. 6. Andrew J Viterbi, CDMA Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications, Addison Wesley, 1995.

MECCE 103

HIGH FREQUENCY CIRCUITS DESIGN

L T P C 3 1 0 4

Module 1: Review of Basic Transmission Line Theory Review of basic transmission line theory, transmission lines analysis, transmission lines, circuit representations, parameters, transmission line equations, microstrip transmission line terminated lossless transmission line, special termination condition, sourced and loaded transmission lines, smith chart. Module 2: RF Filter Design Basic resonator and filter configurations, special filter realization, filter implementation, scattering parameters. Module 3: Active RF Components RF Diodes, BJT, FET, impedance matching using discreet components, microstrip line matching networks, Amplifier classes of operation and biasing networks. Module 4: RF Transistor Amplifier and Oscillators Design Amplifier power relation, stability considerations, constant gain, noise figure circles, constant VSWR circles, Basic oscillator modal, High frequency oscillator configuration, basic characteristics of mixers References: 1. R.Ludwig, P. Bretchko, RF Circuit Design, Pearson Asia Education, New Delhi, 2004. 2. D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2005. 3. M.M. Radmanesh, Radio Frequency and Microwave Electronics, Pearson Education Asia, 2001. 4. B. Bhat & S.K. Koul, Stripline - Like Transmission Line for Microwave Integrated Circuits, New Age Intl. (P) Ltd., 1989. 5. D. K. Misra, Radio Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits- Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2004,

MECCE 104

HIGH PERFORMANCE COMMUNICATION NETWORK

L T P C 3 1 0 4

Module 1: Review of Networking Concepts Services, layered architectures, packet switching, OSI and IP models, IEEE 802.x, ethernet, token ring, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Distributed-Queue DualBus(DQDB), Frame Relay and Switched Multimegabit Data Service(SMDS). Internet and TCP/IP networks, TCP and UDP. Module 2: TCP/IP Network Performance of TCP/IP Networks, Circuit switched networks, performance of Synchronous Optical Networking(SONET), Dense Wavelength Division

Multiplexing(DWDM), Fiber To The Home(FTTH), DSL, Intelligent networks, CATV. Module 3: ATM Network ATM network, features, addressing, signalling, routing, ATM adaptation layer (AAL), management and control, BISDN, internetworking with ATM. Optical networks, WDM systems, cross connects, optical LANs and Networks. Module 4: Switching Switching, performance measures, time and space division switching, modular switch designs, packet switching, distributed buffer, shared buffer, output buffer and input buffer switches, attributes of a global multimedia network, challenges in its realization. References: 1. Jean Walrand & Pravin Varaiya, High Performance Communication Networks , 2nd edition, Morgan Kaufman Publishers,2000 2. Leon Gracia, Widjaja, Communication Networks, 2nd edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2003. 3. Sumit Kasera, Pankaj Sethi, "ATM Networks ", Tata McGraw,Hill, New Delhi, 2000. 4. Behrouz.a. Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2006 5. Larry L. Peterson, Bruce S. Davie, Computer networks, 4th edition, Elsevier, 2007 6. Dimitri P. Bertsekas, Robert G. Gallager, Data Networks 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, 1992. 8

ELECTIVE - I MECCE 105- 1 Module 1: Introduction Soft computing constituents, conventional artificial intelligence, computational SOFT COMPUTING L T P C 3 0 0 3

intelligence, characteristics, fuzzy sets, set theoretic operations, membership functions, one and two dimensional, fuzzy union, intersection and compliment. Module 2: Rules and Reasoning Extension principle, fuzzy relations, if-then rules, reasoning, inference systems-mamdani model, considerations, input space partitioning, fuzzy modeling. Module 3: Least-Square Methods Basics of matrix manipulation and calculus, least square estimator, geometric interpretation of LSE, recursive LSE, neuro networks, architecture, back propagation for feedback. Module 4: Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Architecture, hybrid learning algorithm, data clustering algorithms- clustering, k-means, fuzzy c-means (FCM), rule base structure - input selection, space partitioning, rule base organization. References: 1. Jang J.S.R., Sun C.T, Mizutami E, Neuro Fuzzy and Soft Computing, Prentice hall New Jersey, 2008 2. Timothy J. Ross, Fuzzy Logic Engineering Applications, McGraw Hill, New York, 2004. 3. Laurene Fauseett, Fundamentals of Neural Networks, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi, 1994.

MECCE 105- 2

ANTENNA THEORY AND DESIGN

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Basic Concepts of Radiation Fundamentals of electromagnetism, radiation, antenna transmission, antenna parameters, review of basic antenna systems- impedance matching, review of basic antenna familyarray antennas, dipole antennas, reflector antennas. Module 2: . Receiving Antenna Reciprocity theorem, antenna effective receiving area, antenna behaviour in presence of noise, aperture antennas, wire antennas. Module 3: Printed Antennas Different types, field analysis of printed antennas, parameters of printed antenna, lens antennas, types of lens antennas, large antennas, microwave antennas, array antenna, linear array theory, effect of phase quantization, frequency scanned array. Module 4: Antennas and Signal Theory Equivalence of an aperture and a spatial frequency filter, synthesis of an aperture for a given radiation pattern, antennas as a filter of angular signals. Case Study Smart antennas and their design techniques for mobile communication, antenna measurements. References: 1. Drabowitch, Papiernik Modern Antennas,2nd edition, Springer books,2005 2. John D Kraus, Ronal J Marhefka, Ahmas S Khan Antennas for all applications 3rd edition, 2003. 3. Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna theory: Analysis & Design, Wiley, 1982

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MECCE 105- 3

GLOBAL TRACKING AND POSITIONING SYSTEMS

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Introduction Satellites, introduction to tracking and GPS System, applications of satellite and GPS for 3D,position, velocity, determination as function of time, interdisciplinary applications (e.g. crystal dynamics, gravity field mapping, reference frame), basic concepts of GPS- space segment, control segment, user segment, history of GPS constellation, GPS measurement characteristics, selective availability (AS), anti-spoofing (AS) Module 2: Orbits and Reference Systems Basics of satellite orbits and reference systems, two-body problem, orbit elements, timer system and timer transfer using GPS, coordinate systems, GPS orbit design, orbit

determination problem, tracking networks, GPS force and measurement models for orbit determination, orbit broadcast ephemeris, precise GPS ephemeris, Tracking problems. Module 3: GPS Measurements GPS observable-measurement types- C/A code, P code, L1 and L2 frequencies for navigation, pseudo ranges, atmospheric delays (tropospheric and ionospheric), data format (RINEX), data combination(narrow/wide lane combinations, ionosphere, free

combinations, single, double, triple differences), undifferenced models, carrier phase vs integrated doppler, integer biases, cycle slips, clock error. Module 4: Processing Techniques & GPS Applications Pseudo range and carrier phase processing, ambiguity removal, least square methods for state parameter determination, relation positioning, dilution of precision GPS Applications:- Surveying, Geophysics, Geodesy, Airborne GPS, ground-

transportation, space-borne GPS orbit determination, attitude control, meteorological and climate research using GPS

References:

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1. B.Hoffman, Wellenhof, H.Lichtenegger and J.Collins, GPS- Theory and Practice, 5th revised edition, Springer, Wein, New York,2001 2. A.Leick, GPS Satellite Surveying, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995 3. A.Kleusberg , P.Teunisen(Eds), GPS for Geodesy, Springer, Verlag, Berlin, 1996

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MECCE 105- 4

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Introduction to Satellite Communication Orbital mechanics look angle determination, orbital perturbation, launchers and launch vehicles, orbital effect in communication system performance, satellite subsystem, altitude and orbit control system, telemetry tracking command and monitoring, power system, communication subsystem, satellite antennas Module 2: Satellite Link Design and Error Control for digital satellite links Basic transmission, system noise temperature, G/T ratio, design of down links, satellite system using small earth station, uplink design, design of specified C/N, system design examples. Error detection and correction for digital satellite links, channel capacity, error control coding, performance of block error correction codes, convolutional codes, implementation of error detection on satellite links concatenated coding and interleaving, turbo codes Module 3: Multiple Access Introduction, FDMA, TDMA, onboard processing, DAMA, random access, packet radio systems and protocols, CDMA. Module 4: VSAT & GPS System Overview of VSAT systems, network architecture, access control protocols, basic techniques, VSAT earth station Engineering.GPS Introduction,, position location principles, Receivers and codes, satellite signal acquisition, GPS Signal Message, signal levels, timing accuracy, GPS receiver operation, GPS C/A code accuracy, differential GPS References: 1. Timothy Pratt, Charles W Bostian, Jeremy E Allnut, Satellite Communication Wiley, Edition 2007. 2. Bruce R. Elbert, The Satellite Communication Applications Hand Book, Artech House Boston,1997. 3. Wilbur L. Pritchard, Hendri G. Suyderhood, Robert A.Nelson, Satellite Communication Systems Engineering, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.1993. 4. Dennis Rody, Satellite Communication, 4th edition, Regents/Prentice Hall, Eaglewood Cliff, New Jersey, 2006, 13

ELECTIVE - II MECCE 106- 1 RF MEMS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: MEMS Introduction & their applications Aeronautics, aerospace, automobiles, biomedical engineering, smart materials

introduction, piezoelectric, magnetic, shape memory alloys, ferroelectric and rheological materials. Introduction to MEMS, surface, bulk and LIGA process. Sensors, actuators and working principles, transducer classifications, electrostatic, resistive, capacitive etc.. Module 2: Elements of RF Circuit Design Recent developments in MEMS. RF circuit design, physical aspects of RF circuit design, skin effect, transmission lines on thin substrates, self-resonance frequency, quality factor packaging, practical aspects of RF circuit design, DC biasing, impedance mismatch effects in RF MEMS. Module 3: RF MEMS RF MEMS, enabled circuit elements and models, RF/microwave substrate properties, micro machined, enhanced elements, capacitors, inductors, varactors, MEM switch, shunt MEM switch, push-pull series switch, resonators. transmission line planar resonators, cavity resonators, micromechanical resonators, film bulk acoustics wave resonators, MEMS modeling- mechanical modeling, electromagnetic modeling. Module 4: Novel RF MEMS Novel RF MEMS enabled reconfigurable circuits, the resonant MEMS switch, capacitors, inductors, tunable CPW resonator, MEMS micro-switch arrays, reconfigurable circuits, double stud tuner, Nth-stub tuner, filters, resonator tuning system, , reconfigurable antennas, tunable dipole antennas, tunable microstrip patch-array antenna. References: 1. Tai- Ran Hus, MEMS & Microsystems design and manufacture, McH 2002 2. Hector J. De, Los Santos, RF MEMS Circuit Design for Wireless Communications, Artech House, 2002.

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3. Banks H T, Smith R C,Wang Y Smart,Material structures,modeling, estimation & control John Wiley & sons,1996. 4. Gabriel M. Rebeiz, RF MEMS Theory, Design & Technology, Wiley Interscience, 2002.

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MECCE 106- 2

PATTERN RECOGNITION

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Basics of Pattern Recognition Pattern recognition systems, design of pattern recognition systems, learning and adaptation, bayesian decision theory- classifiers, discriminant functions, decision surfaces, normal density and discriminant functions, discrete features. Module 2: Parameter Estimation Methods Maximum-likelihood estimation, bayesian estimation, gaussian mixture

models, expectation, maximization. Module 3: Density Estimation Non-parametric techniques for density estimation- parzen-window method, knearest neighbour method. Module 4: Linear Discriminant Functions Linear discriminant functions and decision surfaces, Non-metric methods for pattern classification- Non-numeric data or nominal data, Decision trees. Unsupervised Learning and Clustering Criterion functions for clustering, algorithms for clustering- K-means, cluster validation.

References: 1. R.O.Duda, P.E.Hart and D.G.Stork, Pattern Classification, John Wiley, 2001 2. C.M.Bishop, Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, Springer, 2006 3. Anil K Jain, Statistical Pattern Recognition- A Review, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.22, No.1, January 2009

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MECCE 106- 3

INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Concepts of Information Theory Entropy, relative entropy and mutual information, asymptotic equipartition property, entropy rate of a stochastic process, data compression, channel capacity, differential entropy, gaussian channel. Module 2: Error Detection Codes Groups, rings, vector spaces, galois fields, polynomial rings, channel models, linear block codes, cyclic codes, BCH codes, reed solomon codes, berlekamp-massey and euclid decoding algorithm, decoding beyond the minimum distance parameter, applications of reed solomon codes. Module 3: Convolutional Codes Convolutional codes, decoding algorithms for convolutional codes, viterbi, stack and fano algorithms, application of convolutional codes. Module 4: Decoding Algorithms Soft decision decoding algorithms, Iterative decoding algorithms, Turbo-decoding, Twoway algorithm, LDPC codes, Use of LDPC codes in digital video broadcasting, belief propagation (BP) algorithms, Space Time codes. References: 1. T. M Cover and Joy A Thomas, Elements of Information Theory, John Wiley 2006. 2. Shu Lin and Daniel J. Costello Jr., Error Control Coding- Fundamentals and Applications, Prentice Hall, 2003 3. R.E Blahut, Principles and Practice of Information Theory, Addison Wesley, 1987. 4. S. B Wicker, Error Control Systems for Digital Communication and Storage, Prentice Hall International, 1995. 5. Blahut R. E, Theory and Practise of Error Control Codes, Addisson Wesley, 1983. 6. V. S. Pless and W. C Huffman, A. Vardy, Trellis Structure of Codes, Chapter 24 of Handbook of Coding Theory. 17

MECCE 106- 4

COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Basics of Scientific Computing and Overview of Computational Electromagnetics Numerical error, convergence, interpolation, extrapolation, numerical integration, numerical differentiation, direct and iterative matrix equation solvers. CEM techniques, CEM modelling, CEM, the future. Module 2: Finite Difference Method Overview of finite differences, one dimensional FDTD, Obtaining wideband data using the FDTD, Numerical dispersion in FDTD simulations. Module 3: Finite Difference Time Domain Method in Two and Three Dimensions 2D FDTD algorithm, PML absorbing boundary condition, 3D FDTD algorithm, Commercial implementations. Module 4: Finite Element Method Variational and galerkin weighted residual formulations- Laplace equation, Simplex coordinates, high, frequency variational functional, Spurious modes, vector (edge) elements, application to waveguide eigenvalue analysis, three-dimensional Whitney element. References: 1. D. B. Davidson, Computational Electromagnetics for RF and Microwave Engineering, Cambridge University Press, 2005. 2. J. Jin, The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics, 2nd edition, Wiley, 2002. 3. Taflove and S. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics- The Finite Difference Method, Artech House, Third Edition, 2005. 4. F. Peterson, S. L. Ray, and R. Mittra, Computational Methods for Electromagnetics, Wiley,IEEE Press, 1997. 18

MECCE 107

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING LAB

L T P C 0 0 3 2

1) Measurement of High frequency circuit parameters using spectrum analyzer. 2) Experiments using communication toolbox in MATLAB. 3) Antenna pattern measurements. 4) Experiments of fibre optic communication systems.

MECCE 108

SEMINAR I

L T 0 0

P C 2 1

Each student shall present a seminar on any topic of interest related to the core / elective courses offered in the first semester of the M. Tech. programme. He / she shall select the topic based on the references from international journals of repute, preferably IEEE journals. They should get the paper approved by the Programme Co-ordinator / Faculty member in charge of the seminar and shall present it in the class. Every student shall participate in the seminar. The students should undertake a detailed study on the topic and submit a report at the end of the semester. Marks will be awarded based on the topic, presentation, participation in the seminar and the report submitted.

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SEMESTER II

MECCE 201

ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

L T P C 3 1 0 4

Module 1 : Discrete-time Signals and Systems Discrete-time Signals and Sequences, Linear Shift-Invariant systems, Stability and Causality, Linear constant coefficient difference equations, Frequency domain representation of discrete-time signals and systems, Sampling of continuous time signals, Two dimensional sequences and systems Module 2: Transforms and Filters Z-transform, Region of convergence, Stability and ROC, Inverse z-transform, Discrete Fourier transform, Time domain aliasing, Properties of DFT, Fast Fourier transform, Decimation in time algorithm, IDFT using FFT algorithm, Design of IIR low pass and High pass Digital filters Module 3: Adaptive Signal Processing Adaptive systems, Definition and characteristics, General properties, open and closed loop adaptation, Performance function and performance surface, Gradient and minimum MSE, Methods of searching the performance surface, Simple gradient search algorithm, Gradient search by method of steepest descent, The LMS adaptive algorithm. Module 4: Digital Signal Processors Multiplier and Multiplier Accumulator, Modified bus structure and Memory access scheme in P-DSPs, Multiple access memory, Multiported memory, VLIW architecture, Instruction pipelining, Architecture and Assembly language instructions of TMS320C5X processor. References: 1. Alan V Oppenheim, Ronald W Schafer Digital Signal Processing PHI, 2000 2. Sanjit K Mitra Digital Signal Processing Tata Mc Graw-Hill Third Edition

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3. Bernard Widow, Samuel D Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing, Pearson Education, 2002 4. B Venkataramani, M Bhaskar , Digital Signal Processors, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006 5. Lawrence R Rabiner, Bernard Gold Theory and Applications of Digital Signal Processing PHI, 1999 6. John G Proakis, Dimitris G Manolakis Digital Signal Processing, Principles, algorithm and applications Prentice Hall, 2005 7. Emmanuel C Ifeachor, Barrie W Jervis Digital Signal Processing, A Practical approach Pearson Education 2004

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MECCE 202

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

L T P C 3 1 0 4

Module 1: Radio Propagation Characteristics Radio Propagation Characteristics- Models for path loss, shadowing and multipath fading (delay spread, coherence bandwidth, coherence time, Doppler spread), Jakes channel model. Module 2: Digital Modulation Digital modulation for mobile radio, analysis under fading channels- diversity techniques and RAKE demodulator, channel coding techniques, multiple access techniques used in wireless mobile communications. Module 3: Wireless Networks Wireless networks, WLAN, bluetooth, cellular concept- frequency reuse, basic theory of hexagonal cell layout, Spectrum efficiency, FDM / TDM cellular systems- Channel allocation schemes, handover analysis, erlang capacity comparison of FDM / TDM systems and cellular CDMA. Module 4: Cellular Standards Discussion of GSM and CDMA cellular standards, Signalling and call control, Mobility management, location tracking, wireless data networking, packet error modelling on fading channels, performance analysis of link and transport layer protocols over wireless channels- mobile data networking (Mobile IP), wireless data in GSM, IS, 95 and GPRS, space time wireless Communications. References: 1. T.S.Rappaport, Wireless Communications- Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 2002. 2. J. G. Proakis, Digital Communication, McGraw Hill, 2000 3. G.L. Stuber, Principles of Mobile Communications, Kluwer Academic,1996.

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4. Paulraj, R. Nabar & D. Gore, Introduction to Space Time Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2003

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MECCE 203

PHOTONICS AND LIGHT WAVE COMMUNICATION

L T P C 3 1 0 4

Module 1: Introduction to Opto-elctronics Nature of light, guided optical communication, transmission parameters, transmission windows, optical properties of semiconductor, PN junction, carrier recombination and diffusion hetrojuntion, double hetrojunction. Module 2: Opto Electronic Sources and Detectors LED- types, power, efficiency, structure, characteristics, Laser Diodes- types, power, efficiency, structure, characteristics. Optical detectors-photo diodes, types, power, efficiency, structure, characteristics. Module 3: Optical Devices Optical Component Technologies, Optical amplifiers, Splitters and Couplers, polarisation control, lens and prisms, diffraction gratings, filters, modulators and swithes, repeaters. Module 4: Optical Communication systems Point to point transmission system, modulation, transmission line limits and characteristics, Optical System engineering, control of dispersion in single mode and multi mode fiber links, WDM, DWDM, components of WDM References: 1. J.M. Senior, Optical fiber communications: Principles and Practice, edition, Prentice Hall, 1992 2. G .Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008 3. Joseph C Palais, Fiber Optic Communications, 4th edition, Prentice Hall, 1998 4. J .Gowar, Optical Communication Systems, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, 199 2nd

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MECCE 204

RADIO FREQUENCY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

L T P C 3 1 0 4

Module 1: Microstrip Lines Introduction, types of MICs and their technology, Microstrip field configuration, analysis of microstrip line by conformal transformation, Introduction to microstrip discontinuities, equivalent circuits (open ends, gap in microstrip, steps in width, bends & T junction) and compensation techniques. losses in microstrip, introduction to slot line and coplanar wave guide. Module 2: Coupled Microstrip Circuit, Couplers and Lumped Elements for MICs Introduction to coupled microstrip, even and odd mode analysis, directional couplers, branch line couplers, design and fabrication of lumped elements for MICs, comparison with distributed circuits, MICs in satellite and radar Module 3: Non-Reciprocal Components and Active Devices for MICs Ferromagnetic substrates and inserts, microstrip circulators, phase shifters, microwave transistors, parametric diodes and amplifiers, PIN diodes, transferred electron devices, IMPATT, BARITT, avalanche diodes, microwave transistors circuits. Module 4: MMIC Technology Fabrication process of MMIC, hybrid MICs, configuration, dielectric substances, thick and thin film technology, testing methods, encapsulation and mounting of devices. Text Books: 1. Hoffman R.K, Handbook of Microwave Integrated Circuits, Artech

House,Boston,1987. 2. Gupta.K.C and Amarjit Singh, Microwave Integrated Circuits" John Wiley, New York, 1975. 3. K.C Gupta, Ramesh Garg, Inder Bahl and Prakash Bhartia, Microstrip lines and slot lines, second edition, Artech House, London 4. Terence Charles Edwards, Foundations For Microstrip Circuit Design, Wiley, 1981 5. Jia-Sheng Hong, M. J. Lancaster, Microstrip filters for RF/microwave applications, John Wiley and Sons, 2001 25

ELECTIVE III MECCE 205-1 COMMUNICATION NETWORK SECURITY L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Conventional Encryption Introduction to Elementary number theory, finite series, arithmetic and algebraic algorithms. Conventional encryption model, steganography, data encryption standard, block cipher, encryption algorithms, confidentiality, key distribution, secrete key and public key cryptography. Module 2: Public Key Encryption Principles of public key cryptosystems, pseudo random bit generators, block and stream ciphers, RSA algorithm, diffie-hellman key exchange. Module 3: Hashing Hash functions and message digests, public key encryption, authentication, digital signatures, zero knowledge interactive protocols, elliptic curve cryptosystems, formal verification, crypt analysis, hard problems. Module 4: Security IP Security- overview, IP security architecture, authentication, header, security payload, security associations, key management, web security requirement, secure sockets layer, transport layer security, secure electronic transaction, dual signature, intruders, viruses, worms, firewall design, trusted systems, antivirus techniques, digital immune systems. References: 1. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, 4th edition, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,2005 2. Koblitz N, A Course on Number Theory and Cryptography, Springer Verlag, 1986. 3. Menezes A. et. all, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC Press, 1996

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MECCE 205-2

SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Speech Production and Acoustic Phonetics Human speech production mechanism, acoustic theory of speech production, nature of speech signal, articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, coarticulation, prosody. Speech Analysis and Synthesis: Time and frequency domain analysis of speech, speech parameter estimation, linear prediction analysis, cepstral analysis, vector quantization(VQ) methods, principles of speech synthesis. Module 2: Speech Recognition Speech recognition, bayes rule, segmental feature extraction, mel frequency cepstral coefficient(MFCC), dynamic time wrapping(DTW), hidden markov model(HMM) approaches for speech, speaker and language recognition. Module 3: Speech Coding and Enhancement Speech coding, quality measures, speech redundancies, time-domain waveform coding, Linear predictive coding, speech enhancement techniques. Module 4: Audio Processing Audio processing, characteristics of audio signals, sampling, audio compression techniques, standards for audio compression in multimedia applications, MPEG audio encoding and decoding, audio databases and applications. References: 1. 2. 3. 4. Douglas OShaugnessy, Speech Communication, Human and Machine, IEEE Press, 2000L. Rabiner and B. H. Juang, Fundamentals of Speech Recognition, Prentice Hall, 1993 T.F Quatieri, Discrete-Time Speech Signal pPocessing- Principles and Practice, Pearson,2002 Zi Nian Li, Fundamentals of Multimedia, Pearson Education, 2003

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MECCE 205-3

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Introduction to Wireless Sensor System Basic terminology, unique constraints and challenges, advantages, applications, collaborative processing, tracking scenario, problem formulation, distributed

representation and inference of states, tracking multiple objects, sensor models, performance comparison and metrics. Module 2: Networking Sensors Medium access control, sensor medium access control(SMAC) protocol, IEEE 802.15.4 standards and ZigBee, geographic, energy, aware routing, attributed based routing. Module 3: Infrastructure Establishment and Sensor Network Databases Topology control, clustering, time, synchronization, localization and localization services, sensor tracking and control- task driven sensing, role of sensor nodes and utilities, information based sensor tasking, joint routing and information aggregation. Sensor Network Databases:- Challenges, querying the physical environments, query interfaces, high level database organization, in-network aggregation, data centric storage, data indices and range queries, distributed hierarchical aggregation, temporal data. Module 4: Sensor Network Platforms and Tools Sensor node hardware, programming challenges, node level software platforms, node level simulators, programming beyond individual nodes. References: 1. Feng Zhaoand Leonidas J Guibas, Wireless Sensor Networks Morgan Kaufmann Publishers and imprint of Elsevier, 2004 2. C. S. Raghavendra, Krishna M. Sivalingam, Taieb F. Znati, Wireless Sensor Networks, 2nd edition, Springer, 2004. 3. Holger Karl, Andreas Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, John Wiley and Sons, 2005

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MECCE 205-4

OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Analysis of Two Dimensional Signals and Systems. Review of one-dimensional fourier analysis, analysis of two-dimensional signals and systems, fourier analysis in two dimensions, localization, linear systems and fourier analysis, two-dimensional sampling theory. Module 2: Foundations of Scalar Diffraction Theory Kirchoff and rayleigh-sommerfield formulations, comparison of kirchoff and rayleighsommerfield theories, huygens-fresnel principle, non-monochromatic waves, diffraction at boundaries, angular spectrum of plane waves fresnel and fraunhofer diffraction fresnel approximation, fraunhofer approximation, examples of fraunhofer diffraction patterns, examples of fresnel diffraction calculations. Module 3: Wave Optics Analysis of Coherent Optical Systems Thin lens as phase transformation, fourier transforming properties of lenses, image formation- monochromatic illumination. Transfer Functions and Frequency Analysis of Optical Imaging Systems: Generalized treatment of imaging systems, amplitude transfer function, frequency response for coherent and incoherent imaging, aberrations and their effect on frequency response, comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging, resolution beyond classical diffraction limit. Module 4: Wavefront Modulation Photographic film, liquid crystals and other modulators, diffractive optical elements, analog optical information processing, incoherent image processing systems, coherent optical image processing systems. Holography- wavefront reconstruction problem, gabor and leith, upatnieks holograms, image locations and magnification, different types of holograms- thick holograms, recording materials, computer-generated holograms, degradation of holographic images, applications. holography with spatially incoherent light,

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References: 1. Joseph W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, 3rd edition, Mc Graw Hill 2. D. Casasent, Optical Data Processing, Applications, Springer, Verlag, Berlin, 1978 3. H.J. Caulfield ,Handbook of holography, Academic Press New York 1979 4. P.M. Dufffieux, The Fourier Transform and its applications to Optics, John Wiley and sons 1983 5. J. Horner, Optical Signal Processing, Academic Press 1988

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ELECTIVE IV MECCE 206-1 IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Digital Image Fundamentals Digital image fundamentals, image acquisition, representation, visual perception, quality measures, sampling and quantization, basic relationship between pixels, imaging geometry, color spaces. Module 2: Two Dimensional Systems Two dimensional systems, properties, analysis in spatial, frequency and transform domains, image transforms, DFT, DCT, Sine, Hadamard, Haar, Slant, KL transform, Wavelet transform. Module 3: Image Enhancement Image enhancement, point processing, spatial filtering, Image restoration, inverse filtering, deblurring, image segmentation, feature extraction, region oriented segmentation, descriptors, morphology, image recognition. Module 4: Video Processing Video processing, display enhancement, video mixing, video scaling, scan rate conversion, Video compression, motion estimation, intraframe and interframe prediction, perceptual coding, standards, MPEG, H.264 References: 1. R.C.Gonzalez and R E Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd edition, Pearson Education, 2008.A K Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education, 1989 2. W Pratt, Digital Image Processing, Wiley, 2001 3. Al Bovik, Handbook of Image and Video, Academic Press, 2000 4. Keith Jack, Video Demystified, LLH, 2001

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MECCE 206-2 Module 1: Light Wave Basics

OPTICAL NETWORKS

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Introduction to light propagation in optical fiber, two approaches, dispersion, loss, bandwidth, non linear effects in optical fiber-scattering, self phase modulation, cross phase modulation, four wave mixing, introduction to optical networks, transmission basics, optical layer, network evolution. Module 2: Optical Network Components Transmitters and detectors, laser diode, photo detectors, optical amplifiers, erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), Raman amplifiers, semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA),

multiplexer and filters. TDM, WDM, optical time division multiplexing(OTDM), Fabryperot filter, thin film filter, acoustooptic tunable filter, optical switches, wavelength converters, cross connects, couplers, circulators and isolators. Module 3: Transmission System Engineering Optical modulation, demodulation techniques, optical amplifier analysis, cross talk, role of chromatic dispersion management, overall design considerations, design of soliton based systems, WDM network elements and its design. Module 4: Optical Networks Optical packet switching, client layers of the optical layer, Synchronous Optical Network /Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SONET/SDH), ATM, functions, quality, control, layers, structure and elements. internet protocol-multiprotocol label switching(IP-MPLS),

Storage area networks, enterprise systems connection(ESCON), fiber channel, high performance parallel interface(HIPPI), optical transport network(OTN), automatically switched optical network(ASON) models. Reference: 1. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N Sivarajan Optcal networks, 2nd edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers an imprint of Elsevier.2004 2. Lu Ruan, Dingzhu Du, Optical Networks: Recent Advances, Springer, 2001. 3. Hussein T. Mouftah, Pin-Han Ho, Optical networks: architecture and survivability, Springer, 2002 32

MECCE 206-3 Module 1: Introduction

RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Introduction- basic radar equation, range delay, velocity delay, Doppler effect, accuracy, resolution and ambiguity, Tradeoffs and penalties in waveform design, significance of matched filter in radar signal analysis- complex representation of band-pass signal, matched filter response to Doppler shifted signal. Module 2: Basic Radar Signals Basic radar signals- constant frequency pulse, linear frequency modulated pulse, costas frequency modulated pulse, nonlinear frequency modulation, phase coded pulse- barker code, chirp-like phase code, asymptotically perfect codes, Huffman code, bandwidth considerations in phase-coded signals, multi carrier phase coded signal in radar signals. Module 3: Pulse Repetition Interval Diverse pulse repetition interval (PRI) pulse trains- introduction to moving target indication (MTI) radar, blind speed. Synthetic Aperture Radar: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) - SAR principle, k-space understanding of SAR, different compensation techniques, sparse SAR. Module 4: Detection and Recognition Detection and recognition using radar- detection and recognition using 1-D range profile, detection and recognition using SAR image, space time adaptive processing (STAP)understanding STAP, uses of STAP, civilian uses of radar- space based SAR, segmentation of SAR images from satellite. References: 1. N. Levanon, and E. Mozeson, Radar Signals, Wiley, Interscience, 2004. 2. P. Z. Peebles, Radar Principles, John Wiley, 2004. 3. M. I. Skolnik, Radar Handbook, McGraw Hill, New York, 1990. 4. D. K. Barton, Radar System Analysis and Modelling, Artech House, 2005. 5. F. E. Nathanson, Radar Design Principles, Prentice Hall India, 1999.

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MECCE 206-4

ESTIMATION AND DETECTION THEORY

L T P C 3 0 0 3

Module 1: Hypothesis Testing Criteria in Hypothesis Testing, neyman pearson criterion, bayes criterion and minimum probability of error criterion, likelihood ratio test, application examples- signal constellations and the matched filter, binary symmetric channel. Module 2: Detection Detection with unknown signal parameters (UMP tests, GLRT, Bayes factor), MAP rule, multiple decision problem, detection of deterministic and random signals in noise. Module 3: Parameter Estimation Unbiased estimates- minimum variance unbiased estimates (MVUE), methods of finding MVUE, Cramer-Rao bound sufficient statistics, Rao-Blackwell theorem, Best Linear Unbiased Estimators (BLUE). Module 4: Linear Estimators MA, AR, ARMA processes and their properties, MMSE linear estimate. Weiner Filter. Kalman Filter. Lattice filter structure, Levinson Durbin and innovation algorithms. References: 1. H. L. Van Trees, Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Vol. I, John Wiley & Sons, 1968 2. Steven Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing Vol I: Estimation Theory. Prentice Hall. 3. Steven Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing Vol II: Detection Theory. Prentice Hall, 1993

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MECCE 207

DSP LAB

L T P C 0 0 3 2

Experiments in DSP, Image and Speech processing using MATLAB/similar softwares such as

1. Two-dimensional Fourier transform 2. Linear filtering using convolution 3. Adaptive Filter. 4. Filter bank design. 5. Highly selective filters. 6. Geometric transformations. 7. Morphological operations. 8. Histogram equalization. Experiments using Code composer studio 1. Convolution. 2. Filter design.

MECCE 208

SEMINARS- II

L T P C 0 0 2 1

Each student shall present a seminar on any topic of interest related to the core / elective courses offered in the second semester of the M. Tech. programme. He / she shall select the topic based on the references from international journals of repute, preferably IEEE journals. They should get the paper approved by the Programme Co-ordinator / Faculty member in charge of the seminar and shall present it in the class. Every student shall participate in the seminar. The students should undertake a detailed study on the topic and submit a report at the end of the semester. Marks will be awarded based on the topic, presentation, participation in the seminar and the report submitted.

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SEMESTER III
MECCE 301 The student shall undergo i) An Industrial Training of 12 weeks duration in an industry / company approved by the institution / institute and under the guidance of a staff member in the concerned field. At the end of the training he / she have to submit a report on the work being carried out. OR ii) An Industrial Training of 1 month duration and Mini Project of 2 months in an industry / company approved by the institution / institute and under the guidance of a staff member in the concerned field. At the end of the training he / she have to submit a report on the work being carried out. L T 0 0 P 10 C 5 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AND MINIPROJECT L T 0 0 P 20 C 10

MECCE 302

MASTERS THESIS PHASE - I

The thesis (Phase - I) shall consist of research work done by the candidate or a comprehensive and critical review of any recent development in the subject or a detailed report of project work consisting of experimentation / numerical work, design and or development work that the candidate has executed. In Phase - I of the thesis, it is expected that the student should decide a topic of thesis, which is useful in the field or practical life. It is expected that students should refer national & international journals and proceedings of national & international seminars. Emphasis should be given to the introduction to the topic, literature survey, and scope of the proposed work along with some preliminary work / experimentation carried out on the thesis topic. Student should submit two copies of the Phase - I thesis report covering the content discussed above and highlighting the features of work to be carried out in Phase II of the thesis. Student should follow standard practice of thesis writing. The candidate will deliver a talk on the topic and the assessment will be made on the basis of the work and talks there on by a panel of internal examiners one of which will be the internal guide. These examiners should give suggestions in writing to the student to be incorporated in the Phase II of the thesis. 36

SEMESTER IV
L T 0 0 P 30 C 15

MECCE 401

MASTERS THESIS

In the fourth semester, the student has to continue the thesis work and after successfully finishing the work, he / she have to submit a detailed thesis report. The work carried out should lead to a publication in a National / International Conference. They should have submitted the paper before M. Tech. evaluation and specific weightage should be given to accepted papers in reputed conferences.

MECCE 402

MASTERS COMPREHENSIVE VIVA

A comprehensive viva-voce examination will be conducted at the end of the fourth semester by an internal examiner and external examiners appointed by the university to assess the candidates overall knowledge in the respective field of specialization.

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