AIX for the System Administrator Glossary Boot Process Disks Dump Space Filesystems Kernel Networking Paging

and Swap Space Password/Account Reset Processes Software Installation and Patches System Information System Monitoring Tapeutil Terminal Configuration Troubleshooting --> see aix-troubleshooting.html Users Glossary Term Definition Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) RS/6000 Unix Operating System Authorized Program Analysis Report (APAR) Used to identify a fix for a PMR. Base Operating System (BOS) Fileset Fragments Allows disk space to be divided into units that are smaller than the size of a logical block High Availability Cluster Multiprocessor ?? (HACMP) AIX Clustering I-Node 128 bit structure that contains information about the file or directory such as ownership, permissions, file type, number of links to the file, etc. Logical Block Disk block that contains file or directory data Maintenance Level (ML) Service updates necessary to upgrade the BOS to the current release leve l ODN Page 4KB unit of virtual memory than can be transferred between physical ram and disk paging space Paging Space Special logical volume used for holding inactive data that has been temp orarily transferred out of physical ram. Phsysical Volume ID (PVID) Unique id that consists of a hash of the CPUID and the date. Problem Management Record (PMR) Tracking record used for customer problems. Program Temporary Fix (PTF) Temporary fix that will be incorporated into the next release of the pro duct. May be a single fix or multiple fixes associated with a single fileset. Service Boot Server is started with the key in the service position (as opposed to th e key being in the normal position). Superblock Disk block that contains information about the entire file syste m. It starts at byte offset 4096 and is 4096 bytes in size.

Swap Space See Paging Space above. System Management Interface Tool (SMIT) n interface for AIX Vpath Similar to HP LUN? Boot Process Phases of the Boot Process:

Menu driven system administratio

Read Only Storage Kernel Init Phase Motherboard is Checked Bootlist is found Boot image is read into memory Initialization starts Base Device Configuration Phase All devices are configured with cfgmgr command System Boot Phase Logical volumes are varied on Paging is started /etc/inittab is processed Commands alog - allows the administrator to view logs alog -L <-- displays log files that alog can view alog -o -t boot <-- displays the boot log file cfgmgr last bootlist uptime mpcfg shutdown How to boot the system if the Service Processor Firmware Menu is displayed: Service Processor Firmware Main Menu 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 99. Service Processor Setup Menu System Power Control Menu System Information Menu Language Selection Call In/Call Out Set System Name Exit Menu

Choose Option 2: System Power Control menu, then select option to Power On How to boot to the SMS Menu (to apply firmware updates) Boot normally Interrupt the boot when the systems displays memory and cpu information <1> on Ascii terminals <F1> on Graphics terminals If you want to update firmware then you need to choose option 3, then put so ftware in diskette drive and choose: Option 6 for Update System Software Option 7 for Update Service Processor

Startup Scripts /etc/inittab Indentifier:RunLevel:Action:Command Inittab Commands lsitab --> lists records in /etc/inittab mkitab --> makes a new entry in /etc/inittab chitab --> changes an existing entry in /etc/inittab rmitab --> removes an entry from /etc/inittab Disks lsdev -C -c disk - shows available disks on the server lsfs <-- show the filesystems on the server and their characteristics

lspv - shows disks and their LVM information or "none" if not part of LVM dumpfs <disk> - shows superblock, i-node map and disk map information for the fi le system specified. df -v - shows the number of i-nodes used and free. istat - shows the last updated, last modified and last accessed times of a file. ls -i - shows the i-node number assigned to a file bosboot -a --> creates a new bootimage bootlist -m normal -o hdisk0 hdisk1 --> puts hdisk0 and hdisk1 on the bootlist bootlist -m normal -o --> displays the current bootlist How to mount a cdrom Make sure the cdrom is inserted Make sure the cdrom drive is properly identified lsdev -Cc cdrom Mount the cdrom mount -v cdrfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdrom Dump Space The system dump facility copies critical information to the dump device when a s ystem crash occurs. This information is critical for determing the cause of the crash. sysdumpdev -l <-- shows where the system dump location currently is located. sysdumpdev -P -p /dev/hd9 sysdumpdev -e smitty dump <-- changes the primary dump device to hd9

<-- estimates the size of the current dump <-- access dump configuration through smit

Procedure for manually peforming a system dump Using Commands sysdumpstart

smit dump Using special key sequence Key in SERVICE mode <CTRL><ALT><NUMPAD1> or K<CTRL><ALT><NUMPAD2> Using the reset button Key in SERVICE mode Press the reset button once Procedure to verify a system dump Find out the name of the dump file sysdumpdev -L Run the crash command crash <Dump copy filename> or crash <Dump Device Name> crash will provide a ">" prompt, stat and quit are commands of crash >stat If the dump is successful, then you will see statistics of the dump >quit Procedure to generate a system dump using snap snap -gfkDNcd <directory to store snap file> -g <-- gets output of the lslpp -hBc command -f <-- gets system information -k <-- gets kernel information -D <-- gets dump and /unix information -N <-- does not check for free space -c <-- creates a compressed pax image of all the files in the director y -d <-- allows the destination directory to specified, rather than the default of /tmp/ibmsupt Filesystems Additional information in the file aix-lvm.html. mount -t <type> --> mounts all filesystems in /etc/filesystems containing the t=type attribute Copying files cp tar - limited to files smaller than 2 GB cpio - limited to files smaller than 2 GB pax Argument list too long error lsattr -E -l sys0 -a ncargs - List value of ARG/ENV chdev -l sys0 -a ncargs=NewValue (range 6-128) - Modifies value of ARG/ENV. Kernel Changing from 32 bit kernel to 64 bit kernel Change the link in the root directory Existing link: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_mp Link to: /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 system 21 Jun 12 09:59

Change the link in the /usr/lib/boot directory Existing link: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root system unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_mp Link to: /usr/lib/boot/unix_64

21 Jun 12 10:01

Networking entstat -d en0 <-- this will display configuration and statistics for the netw ork card "en0" - useful for displaying speed/duplex configuration Paging and Swap Space Utilities to monitor paging space: vmstat topas lsps -a <- Lists paging space by disk chps -s 16 hd6 <- Changes the paging space by adding 16 logical partitions to the hd6 logical volume (default swap space device) chps -d 16 hd6 <- Changes the paging space by deleting 16 logical partitions fr om the hd6 logical volume mkps <-- Makes additional paging space rmps <-- Deletes paging space (paging space must be deactivated by chps and t hen system must be rebooted to remove the paging space) swapon <-- Turns on a paging space swapoff <-- Turns off a paging space Total Paging Space = 512MB + (Physical Memory Size - 256MB) * 1.25 Processes and Services /etc/inetd.conf - inetd configuration file /etc/services - information about services, such as port number Starting and stopping a process: refresh -p <pid> refresh -s <subsystem name> Changing the inetd configuration Files /etc/inetd.conf /etc/services Using smit - daemon is recycled automatically upon exit Using vi restart the inetd daemon so that the new configuration is read: refresh -s inetd Using chservices to edit /etc/services chservices -c --> changes entries chservices -a --> adds entries chservices -d --> deactivates entries Software Installation and Patches lslpp -l "<fileset>" <-- Shows information about filesets rebuild .toc file - "inutoc" <-- This rebuilds the toc where the bff's are loca ted. Needed if something is added to an existing fileset or new file will not b e found. root.oncwhst5:/# instfix -ciqk 5100-04_AIX_ML | grep ":-:"

root.oncwhst5:/# lslpp -l bos.iconv.ucs.com Displaying the maintenance level and fixes that are installed oslevel oslevel -q oslevel -r <-- Shows the maintenance release that you are running instfix -i | grep ML <-- Shows what filesets are found for maintenance rele ases on your system and whether they are complete instfix -ik <FIX_IX> <-- Shows whether a particular fix has been installed on your system lppchk -v <-- Shows filesets that are incompletely installed or need to be corrected lscfg -vp | grep alterable <-- shows firmware level Procedure to upgrade the maintenance level of the os System Information prtconf|more <-- prints system information (aix 5.x) amount of ram - bootinfo -r or lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem number of processors - lscfg | grep proc or bindprocessor -q oslevel --> returns the major level of the OS (such as 5.0) oslevel -r --> returns the detailed level of the OS, with sub level and patch level info (such as 5.1) uname -a uname -uM --> type of machine and serial number System Monitoring topas = top on hp-ux Tapeutil To run the menu version type "tapeutil" Open the correct device /dev/rmt0 = tape drive /dev/smc0 = tape library "lsdev -Cc tape" will list the devices Use the commands listed 14 =Element Inventory 17 = Load/Unload Medium To manually use tapeutil "tapeutil -f /dev/smc0 move 5 82" --> will move tape from slot 5 to the tap e drive To manually remove a tape from the drive using tapeutil: tapeutil -f /dev/rmt0 unload --> tapeutil -f /dev/smc0 move 82 5

Terminal Configuration Autocompletion: <esc>\

Troubleshooting See aix-troubleshooting.html Users Commands: mkuser --> utility the creates a new user passwd --> change the user's password chuser --> change the user's attributes chuser minother=# <user> --> changes minother atttribute for a user luser <user> --> lists the attributes for a specific user account lsuser -f <user> --> lists each attribute on it's own line rmuser --> utility that removes a user chsec --> change the user's security attributes login who --> lists who is currently logged into the system whoami (who am i) --> displays information about yourself dtconfig Files: /etc/security/environ --> lists environment attributes for each user /etc/security/lastlog --> lists last login attributes for each user /etc/security/limits --> lists process resource limits for each user /etc/security/user --> lists extended user attributes for each user /usr/lib/security/mkuser.default --> lists default attributes for new users /usr/lib/security/mkuser.sys --> script that sets up the user's environment /etc/passwd --> lists basic user attributes for each user /etc/security/passwd --> contains password information for each user /etc/security/login.cfg --> lists login security information for each user /etc/utmp --> contains users that are logged into the system, used by the "who" command /var/adm/wtmp --> contains connect time information for users /etc/security/failedlogin --> contains unsuccessful login attempts /etc/motd --> message of the day that is displayed when the user logs in. /etc/environment --> lists the default environment that new processes will use. /etc/profile --> environment settings for all users $HOME/.profile --> environment settings for a specific user /etc/group --> lists attributes for each group /etc/security/group --> lists extended attributes for each group Important /etc/security/user attributes to know about: account_locked --> true or false expires --> Expiration time for a user account. MMDDHHMMYY, a value of 0 indi cates no expiration loginretires --> Number of invalid login attempts before a users is not allowe d to login. A value of 0 indicates this attribute is disabled. maxage --> Maximum number of weeks a password is valid, a value of 0 indicates unlimited minage --> Minimum nuimber of weeks between password changes. Procedure to add a new user mkuser <user_id> or smitty mkuser Procedure to change the password on a server passwd <User>

Note: The account needs to be reset if when trying to log in the following mess age is received: 3004-303 There have been too many unsuccessful login attempts; please see the system administrator. Procedure to reset the account: 1. chsec -f /etc/security/lastlog -a "unsuccessful_login_count=0" -s N500620 2. chuser "account_locked=false" N500620 Procedure to change the shell prompt: Prompts PS1 - normal system prompt PS2 - prompt when system expects more input PS3 - super-user prompt export PS1="newprompt>"