Research and Design of High-Voltage Electronic Power Equipment Monitor System Based on Wireless Communication Technology

Yu Chen, Haijun Zhang

Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management Zhengzhou, China e-mail: chenyu3440@gmail.com

AbstractTemperature improvement of electronic power switchgear and handcart contact, as well as circuit breaker contact electrical arc erosion are easy to cause control action failure, trip, and power off, even more serious accident. So, it is a key to realize electric power system running through monitoring high-voltage equipment in real time. This paper design a kind of new high-voltage electric power equipment monitoring system, system uses low power digital temperature sensor TMP100 to realizing temperature collection, MSP430F149 acts as work slave station to complete signal analysis and process, and signal transmits between work slave station and central station by nRF401 wireless transceiver chip. Central station computer connects with inspection touring equipment controller through RS485 interface, which realizes high-voltage electronic equipment inspection touring and centralized monitoring system design. This paper mainly introduces system hardware and part of software design in detail. Through experiment test, system wireless communication accurate, and monitor error is less than 2C, which meets design require well. Experiment results suggest, through SCM and wireless communication technology, high-low voltage signal transmission-isolation problem is solved effetely, and system realizes multi-temperature signal high precision monitor and communication. This system has many advantages of anti-jamming, enduring high pressure, stable operation, and easy to extended, etc, which has broad application prospects. Keywords-wireless communication; MSP430F149; nRF401; MAX485 temperature monitor;

transmitting effectively. And monitoring results can realize display, alarm, protection, control and communicating with computer after SCM processing, which a complete and reliable system is carried out. [2] II. SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND WORK PRINCIPLE

System is composed of high-voltage electric power equipment terminal monitoring work slave station, inspection touring equipment, and main control central station, etc. Work slave station terminal equipment is mainly consisted by SCM controller, temperature sensor, EEPROM memory, wireless transceiver chip and clock calendar chip, etc. Work slave station connects with work central station by wireless transmission; work central station can communicate with main control computer by RS485 interface in wire style communication. System structure diagram is shown as Figure1.
Work central station computer RS485 interface Printer and others Inspection touring equipment

Wireless communication

Terminal monitoring equipment 1~n Figure 1. System structure diagram.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Temperature is one important parameters of electric power system. High-voltage electric power equipment such as electric power switchgear, etc runs in long time, which can cause dynamic-static isolation contact failure or severe heating. Temperature abnormal can easy cause control action failure, trip, and even more serious accident. So, temperature online monitor is very important. High voltage electric power equipment usually is under high voltage, big current and strong magnetic field circumstance. By using wireless communication technology, [1] we can solve voltage isolation problem between monitoring object and measurement equipment through high-low voltage monitoring signal

System adopts industry level 16 bit SCM MSP430F149 made in America TI .co as monitor system; MSP430F149 includes CPU, RAM, ROM, E2PROM, WATCHDOG and 12 bit A/D, etc. Comparing to microprocessor, MSP430 serial chip has many characters of little energy, rapid start, strong anti-jamming, low electric voltage, etc. And searching address room can reach 64KB, interruption and subprogram call level unrestraint, I/O port has interruption function, which can greatly reduce and easy to outer circuit design. System uses digital temperature sensor TMP100, which fixing upon high-voltage electric power equipment to realize temperature data collection. Each data collection interface unit can communicate from one to many monitoring terminal equipment by wireless communication network by nRF905.

978-1-4244-2487-0/09/$25.00 2009 IEEE

Main control computer can get recent temperature data to analyze fault, alarming beyond setting limit, field data display, and print, etc. In addition, each data collection interface units can connect with work central station computer by RS485 serial interface, work central station computer can display temperature data history data. When monitoring field highvoltage equipment test point temperature is abnormal, work central station computer will automatically jump alarming window on display, insert data into alarming database, which conversional to search and analyze history alarming record. III.
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION CHIP SELECTION

Supply power Receiving supply currency Transmitting currency

2.7~5.25 250 8

V uA mA

Required setting for standby and channel selection in RX and TX is shown as Table II.
TABLE II. Input CS 0 1 0 1 X
INPUT AND RESPONSE SETTING

We choose wireless communication chip nRF401 as core of system wireless transceiver module. The wireless communication module of this system is wireless transceiver device nRF401 of Nordic of Norway. nRF401 integrates many function component in chip inter, which can directly transmit data by SCM. nRF401 outer component has little, easy to design and production, power is low, and precision is high, which is best selection of low power consumption wireless data transmission at present, and can be widely applied into remote equipment, wireless communication, electric communication terminal, vehicle safety, automatic monitor, family automatic, alarming, and safety system, etc. [3] nRF401 pin assignment diagram is shown as Figure 2.

TXEN 0 0 1 1 X

PWR_UP 1 1 1 1 0

Response Channel # Mode 1 RX 2 RX 1 TX 2 TX Standby

Where, 0 and 1 respectively express low electric level and high electric level, X expresses 0 or 1 random state. SCM sets nRF905 chip inter register, read, write data and address must be under standby or shutdown mode through SPI bus. [5] IV. SYSTEM HARDWARE CIRCUIT DESIGN

System hard circuit mainly includes: (1) terminal monitoring equipment, which includes temperature data collection and process module composed of temperature sensor TMP100, clock chip PCF8583, memory AT24C256, display module, and SCM MSP430F149, etc, (2) wireless transceiver module, which composed of MSP430F149 and wireless communication chip nRF401, etc; (3) inspection tour equipment, which includes MSP430F149 and wireless communication chip nRF401, etc; (4) work central station computer, which is connected by serial interface RS485. A. Signal collection circuit This system uses TMP100 digital temperature sensor, TMP100 has lower power consumption performance, quiescent current is only 45uA, under shutdown work model, and waiting current is only 1uA. TMP100 and MSP430 are also TI .co production, so, combining them, we can get good compatible and energy saving effect. TMP100 work voltage is 2.7V~5.5V, monitoring temperature range is -55C~+125C. It is different to traditional thermal resistor sensor, it can read temperature directly according to fact requirement, through simple program, it can realize 9~12 bit digital read number style, so, it can make system has simpler structure and higher reliability by using TMP100. TMP100 internal integrates diode temperature sensor unit, A/D transfer unit, OSC unit, inter register, and IC serial bus interface. Its monitoring temperature precision can reach 0.0625C without any other outer component only through adding register IC bus needed and 0.1uF decoupling capacitor.[6] PCF8583 is Philips .co CMOS in real-time clock integrated circuit. It can connect all kinds of SCM by IC bus style, which has functions of calendar clock, timing, and programmable timing interruption, etc. Due to IC bus is high character multi-main-controller bus which has bus arbitration and high-low speed equipment synchronization function, so, it can connect equipment by wire and communication without chip selection signal, and price is cheap. [7] So, we select

Figure 2. nRF401 pin assignment diagram.

nRF401 adopts 4MHz crystal as PLL frequency reference source without expensive variable capacity, in addition, its demodulator is DC balance, input data can make variable 0/1 sequence, and hasnt coding, microprocessor UART connects with DIN and DOUT of NRF401, after electric level changing of MAX485, which can link with interface of computer. nRF401 another very important character is frequency band of receiver is high, which means it has not filter and adjusting component. Wireless communication transmission distance is decided by transmitting power and receiving sensibility. [4] nRF401 adopts high receiving sensibility, which can assure maximum transmitting distance under lower transmitting power with low power consumption, and fits handheld devices well in buttery supply, etc. its main technology parameters is shown as Table I.
TABLE I.
MAIN TECHNOLOGY PARMAR

Parameters Frequency(chanel1/chanel2) Modulation depth Modulation style Maximum transmitting power Receiving sensibility Maximum data transmitting speed

Value 433.93~434.33 15 FSK 10 .105 20

Unit MHz kHz dBm dBm kbit/s

PCF8583 as clock chip, and TMP100, PCF8583, and MSP430F149 connecting temperature signal collection circuit principle is shown as Figure 2.

Figure 4. Wireless transceiver circuit Figure 3. Signal collection circuit.

MSP430F149 has low power consumption model, and it can make all oscillator stop working, and in dormancy status of low power consumption. As well as it can be waken up by any kinds of outer interruption. This system selects clock chip PCF8563 as active component, which reduces system power consumption in maximum. PCF8563 has timing output interruption signal function, when we need system run, PCF8563 provides interruption signal to SCM, which can activate SCM to realize signal collection, process, and wireless transmission as core controller. B. Wireless transceiver circuit When some terminal control apparatus receives the active signal emitting by inspection instrument, SCM obtains the concentration value from external storage and load to inspection instrument by wireless communication module. Core architecture of Bluetooth technology, the ability of anti-jamming is very strong of type of modulation FSK. The working frequency is stable and reliable and peripheral components are few. So it is adapt to design portable hand-in products. Owing to its low transmitting frequency, high receiving sensitivity and carrier frequency which value is 433MHz of ISM frequency band. nRF401 satisfies the demands of wireless supervisor and permitting license is unnecessary. nRF401 can convert standby state to common one or transmitting state to receiving one. [8] According to real design demands, the control port PWR_UP, CS, TXEN of nRF401 connects to MSP430F149 through pull down resistance. So, when the corresponding port of SCM is in input state, owing to pull down resistance, the current consumption is nearly zero. Because MSP430F149 series automatically has serial communication ports, it can be connected to transceiver circuit of nRF401. The working frequency band of Radio frequency module is set by the interface CS of serial peripheral equipments of nRF401.In addition, through adjusting bias resistance of RF_PWR port, radiated power can be adjusted. The maximum radiated power can be +10dBm. Also, the chips VCO circuit needs external connection of VCO inductance whose value is 22nH and the inductance is very crucial. Q>433MHz, the precision is 2%. The structure of inspection device is as same as each detection apparatus wireless transceiver unit. The wireless interface is designed to be coil aerial with small bulk and low costs and it can be corroded to PCB board directly. It is very suit to portable and low consumption productions. The wireless transceiver principle is shown as Figure 3.

In addition, to prevent electromagnetic jamming, this system adopts anti-jamming measure, because electromagnetic jamming frequency segment is 0.1 50MHz, so, system communication adopts frequency 433MHz, which can avoid main electromagnetic interference. Under field circumstance, antenna selection can improve system anti-jamming function, so, inspection touring station selects high-gain omnidirectional antenna. To avoid much more terminal station number, antenna tuning of PCB outer and trouble of circle antenna field tuning, etc. We select low price single whip antenna and fix it on top of suitable position, which can obtain best transceiver effect. nRF401 DC near VDD adopts high character capacity to decouple, nRF401 power has been filtered and let it isolates with digital circuit. In addition, because inspection touring equipment controller connects with central station PC by RS-485 bus, output port is double end balance driver, input port is double different amplifier. So, jamming noise can be cancelled out. C. Data memory The gas incidents underground are always undetectable. Hence, regularly detection of gas concentration becomes very important. But high frequency acquisition of data seems unnecessary. If the memory space of chip is not enough while inspection frequency is over high, human wastage will follow. In another hand, if memory space is big enough, the power consumption of system and equipment costs will be added. The data storage core unit AT24C256 of ATMEL is chosen in this system. [9] Port SDA, SDL and WP connect respectively from P1.5 to P1.7 of MSP430F149 through pull up resistance. MSP430F149 controls the write protection switch through P1.7. The principle is shown as Figure 5.

Figure 5. Data memory unit.

When P1.7 is in input-state, WP holds high level because of pull up resistance and the current consumption is nearly zero. The current consumption is approximate to 0.3mA. P1.7 again changes to input state when writing is over and do writing protection to AT24C256. D. Central station computer interface circuit Data communication type mainly includes concurrent data communication and serial data communication. Consider serial communication only needs one pair data transmission wire to sending information, transmission cost is low, and suitable to long distance communication, so, this system

selects serial data communication. Because RS485 interface can connect 128 number of transceiver, and have good antijamming, long distance transmission. [10] This system uses Maxim .co MAX487 chip as RS485 communication transceiver, MAX487 has RS485 communication protocol, transmission distance is more than 1km, transmission rate reach 250kb/s. AT89C51 can connect central station computer through RS485 bus type. Central station computer can send remote instruction, collect data, and structure master-slave RS485 communication application system. V. SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN

communication, and alarm-indictor. VI. SYSTEM EXPERIMENT AND CONCLUSION

In order to convenient of transplantation and resource sharing, system adopts module program structure design, which can easy to program and rebuilding. Terminal monitoring equipment controller uses matching development environment IAR Embedded Workbench of MSP430 serial SCM, which can support assembly language and C language. Central station computer software adopts visual instrument LabVIEW [11] mixed Matlab and ACCESS2002 to design. System software mainly includes data collection and memory module, wireless communication and alarming module, wire communication module, central monitoring station and alarming module, database insert, process, report and figure module, etc. Because paper page is limited, so we only introduce parts of software. A. Terminal Monitoring software design Terminal monitoring station controller of high voltage position collects monitoring temperature point, when receiving central station computer uploading data command, terminal monitoring station controller will transmit data into central station computer by nRF401 chip. If terminal monitoring station controller transmits data to central station computer under present frequency segment, and receives data confirm signal, slave computer will end this time communication, then enter waiting state, until next collection period. Otherwise, slave station controller will retransmit data frame if retransmit times not reaching maximum value. And if retransmitting times has reached limit times, and central station computer can not receive confirm signal, this communication will end. B. Inspection touring equipment controller communication and monitor When needing data uploading, inspection touring equipment controller uploads data to each terminal monitoring controller command. Then, inspection touring equipment controller works in receiving state and waits terminal monitoring controller transmitting data. If there is effective receiving data, inspection touring equipment controller will transmit confirm signal from terminal station controller, and after analyzing effective data, it will transmit it to central station computer, and make next process, then end this time communication. If inspection touring equipment controller can not receive any data from terminal monitoring controller, which will anew terminal monitoring controller to upload data, and if beyond three times, then it will give up this time

System adopts low power consumption design, uses 3.6V, 1400mA Li buttery, each terminal equipment controller signal power coverage radius more than 50m, monitor equipment adopts seal aluminum alloy coat, which can prevent all kinds of active gas entering effectively. And it uses shielded cable, which can prevent electromagnetic jamming to wireless communication module. In addition, system adopts induction decoupling style, which eliminates induction signal affect to monitoring temperature precision. To test system accuracy and reliability, we put digital thermometer and system monitoring temperature sensor on same monitoring temperature point, and monitor electron teapot heat process, and use same takingpoint style in same time. Through data calculation we can get temperature monitoring error can reach 2 C, which realizes temperature monitor well as expect. System completes data communication by wireless transmission technology. By RS485 serial interface, it realizes inspection touring equipment controller data communication with central station computer, and accuracy is higher, which overcomes traditional cable laying disadvantages, and reduces cable length in maximum, as well as saves fixing cost. Experiment proves system accuracy and precision, system structure is sample, monitoring precision is higher, extension is convenient, and easy to realize multi-point, long distance monitor and data communication, which makes up tradition system disadvantages. So, it has broad application prospect. REFERENCES
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