Deaerators - Basic Understanding

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Deaerators - Basic Understanding

Aerators All types of aeration devices for water & wastewater treatment
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Deaerators are simple mechanical devices that remove dissolved gases from boiler feed water using steam stripping. De-aeration protects the steam system from the effects of corrosive gases. It accomplishes this reducing the concentration of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide to a level where corrosion is minimiz

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A dissolved oxygen level of 5 parts per billion (ppb) or lower is needed to prevent corrosion in m medium or high pressure (>200 pounds per square inch) boilers. While oxygen concentrations of up to ppb may be tolerated in low-pressure boilers, equipment life is extended at little or no cost by limiting oxygen concentration to 5 ppb. Dissolved carbon dioxide is essentially completely removed by the aerator. Please understand that the main function of a de-aerator is to remove Dissolved gases not free air or oxygen. The most important gases are oxygen & CO2.

How They Work The design of an effective de-aeration system depends upon the amount of gases to be removed and final oxygen gas concentration desired. This in turn depends upon the ratio of boiler feed water makeup returned condensate and the operating pressure of the de-aerator.

Deaerators use steam to heat the water to the full saturation temperature corresponding to the ste pressure in the de-aerator and to scrub out and carry away dissolved gases. Steam flow may be paral cross, or counter to the water flow. The de-aerator consists of a de-aeration section, a storage tank, an vent.

In the de-aeration section, steam bubbles through the water, both heating and agitating it. Steam is coo by incoming water and condensed at the vent condenser. Non-condensable gases and some steam released through the vent. Steam provided to the de-aerator provides physical stripping action and he the mixture of returned condensate and boiler feed water makeup to saturation temperature. Most of steam will condense, but a small fraction (usually 5% to 14%) must be vented to accommodate requirements.

Normal design practice is to calculate the steam required for heating and then make sure that the flow sufficient for stripping as well. If the condensates return rate is high (>80%) and the condensate pressur high in comparison to the de-aerator pressure, then very little steam is needed for heating and provisi may be made for condensing the surplus flash steam

http://profmaster.blogspot.com/2008/06/deaerators-basic-understanding.html

12/24/2010

Deaerators - Basic Understanding

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De-aerator Steam Consumption The de-aerator steam consumption is equal to the steam required to heat incoming water to its saturat temperature, plus the amount vented with the non-condensable gases, less any flashed steam from condensate or steam losses through failed traps.

The heat balance calculation is made with the incoming water at its lowest expected temperature. The v rate is a function of de-aerator type, size (rated feed water capacity), and the amount of makeup water. T operating vent rate is at its maximum with the introduction of cold, oxygen-rich makeup water.

The de-aerator section and storage tank and all piping conveying hot water or steam should be adequa insulated to prevent the condensation of steam and loss of heat. This will reduce the steam de-aerator which is an additional cost to increase the life of equipment.

Sudden increases in free or flash steam can cause a spike in de-aerator vessel pressure, resulting in oxygenation of the feed water. A dedicated pressure-regulating valve should be provided to maintain the aerator at a constant pressure. This also helps in reducing steam consumption.

Additional Benefits Deaerators provide the water storage capacity and the net positive suction head necessary at the boiler pump inlet. Returned condensate is mixed with makeup water within the de-aerator. Operati temperatures range from 215 to more than 350F, which reduces the thermal shock on downstre preheating equipment and the boiler.

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http://profmaster.blogspot.com/2008/06/deaerators-basic-understanding.html

12/24/2010