SYLLABUS IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW

Atty. Butch Jamon

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION I. A. B. C. Scope of Conflict of Laws: Nature, Definition and Importance Diversity of Laws, Customs and Practices Definition Object, Function and Scope

II. A Brief History and Development of Conflict of Laws A. Roman Law Origin B. Modern Developments II. Sources of Conflict of Laws A. Direct Sources 1. Codes and Statutes 2. Treaties and International Convention 3. Case Law 4. International Custom 5. Constitution B. Indirect Sources 1. Natural Law 2. Works and Treaties of Jurists and Writers

PART TWO: JURISDICTION AND CHOICE OF LAW III. Jurisdiction A. Basis of Exercise of Judicial Jurisdiction 1. Jurisdiction over the person Case: William Gemperle vs. Helen Schenker, (22, Coquia) 2. Jurisdiction over the Property Cases: Pennoyer vs. Neff, (24, Coquia) International Shoe Co. vs. Washington, (26, Coquia) Mc Gee vs. International Life Insurance Co. Shaffer vs. Heitner, (31, Coquia) Mullane vs. Central Hanover Bank and Trust Co, (30, Coquia) 3. Jurisdiction over the subject matter Case: Idonah Perkins v. Roxas

B. Ways of Dealing With a Conflicts Problem 1. Dismiss the Case: Forum Non Conveniens Cases: Heine vs. New York Insurance Co., (98, C0quia) In re: Union Carbide, (44, Coquia) 2. Assume Jurisdiction: Apply Internal or Domestic Law a) where application of domestic law is decreed b) where there is failure to plead and prove foreign law Cases: Fleumer vs. Hix, (52, Coquia) Phil Trust Co vs. Bohanan (53, Coquia) In re: Testate Estate of Suntay c) where a case involves any of the exceptions to the application of the proper foreign law Case: Querubin vs. Querubin, (549, 547, Coquia) 3. Assume Jurisdiction: Apply Foreign Law a) Theory of Comity Cases: Hilton vs. Guyot, (3 Coquia) Johnston vs. Companie Generale Trans-Atlantique b) Protection of Vested Rights Theory Cases: Loucks vs. Standard Oil Co. of New York, (410, Coquia) Gray vs. Gray ( 59, Coquia) c) Local Law Theory d) Modern Theories Cases: Auten vs. Auten ,(68, Coquia) Haag vs. Barnes, (72, Coquia) IV. Choice of Law A. The Correlation Between Jurisdiction and Choice of Law B. Approaches to Choice of Law 1. Traditional Approaches 2. Modern Approaches V. The Problem of the Characterization A. Characterization and the Single-Aspect Method 1. Subject-Matter Characterization 2. Substance-Procedure Dichotomy B. Depecage

VI. The Problem of Renvoi A. Definition B. Various Ways of Dealing with the Problem of Renvoi C. Usefulness of Renvoi VII. Notice and Proof of Foreign Law A. Extent of Judicial Notice B. Proof of Foreign Law C. Exceptions to the Application of Foreign Law 1. The Foreign Law is Contrary to an Important Public Policy of the Forum 2. The Foreign Law is Procedural in Nature 3. Issues are Related to Property (Lex Situs) 4. The Issue Involved in the Enforcement of Foreign Claim is Fiscal or Administrative 5. The Foreign Law or Judgment is Contrary to Good Morals (Contra Bonos Mores) 6. The Application of Foreign Law will Work Undeniable Injustice to the Citizens of the Forum 7. The Foreign Law is Penal in Character 8. The Application of the Foreign Law Might Endanger the Vital Interests of the State

PART THREE: PERSONAL LAW IX. Nationality A. Importance of a Personal Law B. Determination of Nationality 1. Natural-Born Citizens Cases: Talaroc v. Uy (p. 157, Coquia) Co. v. Electrical Tribunal (p. 161, Coquia) FPJ Case 2. Citizens by Naturalization C. Procedure for Naturalization Cases: Moya Lim Yao v. Com. of Immigration (p. 142, Salonga) Zita Ngo Burca v. RP (p. 141, Salonga) D. Loss of Philippine Citizenship

E. Problems in Applying the Nationality Principle 1. Dual or Multiple Citizenship Case: Nottebohm Case (p. 196, Coquia) 2. Statelessness Case: Kookooritchkin v. Sol. Gen (p. 202, Coquia) X. Domicile A. Definition Case: Berlingrieri v. Berlingieri (p. 158, Salonga) B. Merits and Demerits of Domicile C. General Rules on Domicile Case: Dorrance Estate (pp. 156-157, Salonga) D. Kinds of Domicile Cases: White v. Tenant (p. 176, Salonga) Winans v. Winans (p. 177, Salonga) XI. Principles on Personal Status and Capacity A. Definition B. Legislative Jurisdiction Distinguished from Judicial Jurisdiction C. Beginning and End of Personality D. Absence E. Name F. Age of Majority G. Capacity Case: Insular Govt. v. Frank (p. 276, Salonga)

PART FOUR: CHOICE OF LAW PROBLEMS XII. Choice-of-Law in Family Relations A. Marriage 1. Philippine Policy on Marriage and the Family --DANNA 2. Extrinsic Validity of Marriage ---DANNA Case: Adong V. Cheong Seng Gee (p. 255, Coquia) People v. Mora Dumpo (p. 257, Coquia) Apt v. Apt (p. 260, Coquia) 3. Intrinsic Validity of Marriage -- DANNA Case: Sottomayor v. de Barros (p. 263, Coquia) --PAULINE In Re: Millers Estate (p. 219, Salonga) 4. Effects of Marriage --PAULINE a. Personal Relations Between the Spouses b. Property Relations of Spouses Case: Collector of Internal Rev. v. Fisher (p. 251, Salonga) PAULINE Harden v. Emilio Pea (p. 256, Paras) YANNAH B. Divorce and Separation YANNAH 1. Divorce Decrees Obtained by Filipinos --YANNAH Cases: Tenchavez v. Escao (p. 276, Coquia) YANNAH Pilapil v. Ibay-Somera (p. 282, Coquia) Quita v. CA (p. 284, Coquia) 2. Validity of Foreign Divorce Between Foreigners ---YANNAH C. Annulment and Declaration of Nullity JUSTIN D. Parental Relations --JUSTIN 1. Determination of Legitimacy of a Child 2. Common Law Principles on Legitimacy 3. Parental Authority Over the Child E. Adoption --- JUSTIN 1. Domestic Adoption Law 2. Inter-Country Adoption Law

XIII. Choice of Law in Property A. The Controlling Law B. Capacity to Transfer or Acquire Property Cases: Llantino v. Co. Liong Chong (p. 303, Coquia) Cheesman v. IAC (p. 305, Coquia) C. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Validity of Conveyances Case: Liljedahl v. Glassgow, (p. 309, Coquia) D. Lex Situs Rule 1. Exceptions Cases: Swank v. Hufuagle (p. 378, Salonga) Proctor v. Frost (p. 379, Salonga) E. Situs of Certain Properties 1. Situs of Personal Property for Tax Purposes 2. Situs of Money 3. Situs of Debts 4. Situs of Corporate Shares of Stocks F. Patents, Trademarks, Trade Name and Copyright Case: General Garments v. Dir. of Patents (p. 399, Salonga) Mentholatum v. Mangaliman (p. 360, Salonga)

XIV. Choice of Law in Contracts A. Contracts Involving a Foreign Element B. Extrinsic Validity of Contracts C. Intrinsic Validity of Contracts.. 1. Lex Loci Contractus.. 2. Lex Loci Solutions 3. Lex Loci Intentionis.. D. Capacity to Enter into Contracts. Cases: Insular Govt. v. Frank (p. 276, Salonga) Milliken v. Pratt (p. 280, Salonga) 331 331 332 339 340

E. Choice of Law Issues in Conflicts Contracts Cases. 1. Choice of Forum Clause 2. Contracts with Arbitration Clause Case: Antesveser V. Zapata (p. 296, Salonga) 3 Adhesion Contracts Cases: Pan Am v. Rapadas (p. 354, Coquia) PAL v. CA (p. 356, Coquia) 4. Special Contracts Cases: Lopez v. Pan Am (p. 301, Salonga) American Pres. Lines v. Klepper (p. 362, Coquia) KLM v. CA, (p. 301, Salonga) Zulueta v. Pan Am (p. 302, Salonga) F. The Applicable Law in the Absence of an Effective Choice G. Limitations to Choice of Law XV. Choice of Law in Wills, Succession and Administration of Estates A. Extrinsic Validity of Wills Case: In re: Estate of Johnson (p. 381, Coquia) B. Intrinsic Validity of Wills C. Interpretation of Wills D. Revocation E. Probate Case: Vda. de Perez v. Tolete (p. 400, Coquia) F. Administration of Estates G. Trusts Cases: Aznar v. Christensen Garcia (p. 410, Salonga) Bellis v. Bellis (p. 411, Salonga)

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XVI. Choice of Law in Torts and Crimes A. Policies Behind Conflicts Tort Law B. Lex Loci Delicti Commissi Case: Loucks v. Standards Oil Co. (p. 410, Coquia) C. Modern Theories on Foreign Tort Liability 1. The Most Significant Relationship Case: Saudi Arabian Airlines v. CA (p. 414, Coquia ) 2. Interest Analysis 3. Cavers Principle of Preference D. Foreign Tort Claims 1. Conditions for the Enforcement of Tort Claims 2. Products Liability of the Foreign Manufacturer 3. The Alien Tort Act Cases: Hilao v. Estate of FM (p. 434, Coquia) Filartiga V. Pena-irala (p. 440, ibid.) Guinto v. Marcos, (p. 446, ibid.) Trajano v. Marcos, (P. 445, ibid.) 4. Philippine Rule on Foreign Torts Case: Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court of Calif. ( p.425, Coquia) E. Distinguishing Between Torts and Crimes Case: Liang (Huafeng) v. People of the Phils. (p. 460, Coquia.) People v. Wong Cheng (p. 465, ibid.) US v. Look Chaw (p. 467, ibid.) F. Lex Loci Delicti XVII. Choice of Law Affecting Corporations and Other Juridical Entities A. Corporations 1. Personal Law of a Corporation Case: M.E. Gray v. Insular Lumber Co., (p. 470, Coquia) 2. Exceptions to the Rule of Incorporation Test a. Constitutional and Statutory Restrictions b. Control Test During War

3. Domicile or Residence of Foreign Corporations 4. Jurisdiction Over Foreign Corporations 5. Right of Foreign Corporation to Bring Suit 6. Exceptions to the License Requirement a. Isolated Transactions b. Action to Protect Trademark, Trade Name, Goodwill, Patent or for Unfair Competition Case: Mentholatum Co. v. Mangaliman, (360, SAlonga) c. d. Agreements Fully Transacted Outside the Philippines Petition Filed is Merely a Corollary Defense in a Suit Against It 7. Definition and Scope of Transacting Business B. Special Corporations 1. Religious Societies and the Corporation Sole 2. Transnational Corporations C. Partnerships

PART FIVE: FOREIGN JUDGMENTS XVIII. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments A. Distinction Between Recognition and Enforcement B. Bases of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments C. Policies Underlying Recognition and Enforcement D. Requisites for Recognition or Enforcement 1. The Foreign Judgment was Rendered by a Judicial or Quasi-Judicial Tribunal Which Had Jurisdiction Over the Parties and the Case in the Proper Judicial Proceedings 2. The Judgment Must Be Valid Under the Laws of the Court that Rendered It 3. The Judgment Must be Final and Executory to Constitute Res Judicata in Another Action 4. The State Where the Foreign Judgment was Obtained Allows Recognition or Enforcement of Philippine Judgments 5. The Judgment Must be for a Fixed Sum of Money

6. The Foreign Judgment Must Not be Contrary to the Public Policy or Good Morals of the Country Where it is to be Enforced 7. The Judgment Must Not Have Been Obtained by Fraud, Collusion, Mistake of Fact or Mistake of Law E. Grounds for Non-Recognition F. Modern Developments in Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 1. The Hague Conference on Private International Law 2. The EEC Convention of 1968 3. Uniform Foreign Money-Judgments Recognition Act H. Procedure for Enforcement XIX. SUMMING UP DISCUSSIONS #####