Practice with Kinematic Equations and Linear Graphs Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration Defining positives and negatives

s x - Displacement how far you moved from your original position. + - moving toward the positive direction (right) (think of the number line). - moving toward the negative direction. 0 - ended up at your starting position (vi = vf) v - Velocity how fast you are moving in a particular direction. +v - moving in the positive direction; v - moving in the negative direction. 0 not moving (at rest); this means no change of position: x = 0 a - Acceleration + - adding positive velocity (faster in the pos. direction) or losing negative velocity. - adding negative velocity (faster in the neg. direction) or losing positive velocity. 0 at constant velocity (which could be 0); v = 0. An object moves from 3 m away to 8 m away. Find the displacement. An object moves from 5m to 5 m. Was the objects velocity positive or negative? An object moving at 10 m/s ends up going 20 m/s. Was the objects acceleration positive or negative? An object moving at 30 m/s ends up going 5 m/s. Was the objects acceleration positive or negative? An object moving at 5 m/s ends up going 5 m/s. Was the objects acceleration positive or negative? An object moving at 10 m/s ends up going 0 m/s (stops). Was the objects acceleration positive or negative? An object moving at 5 m/s ends up going -20 m/s. Was the objects acceleration positive or negative? An object moving at 20 m/s ends up going 10 m/s. Was the objects acceleration positive or negative?

8-3 = 5m

An object moves from 2 m to 4 m away. Find x.

4--2 = 4+2 = 6m
An object moves from 8 m to 6 m away. Find x.

-6-8 = -14m
An object moves from 12m to 4m. Find x for the whole journey.

-4--12 = -4+12 = 8m
An object moves from 6 m to 2 m. Was the objects velocity positive or negative?

-2--6=-2+6= 4

An object moves from 20m to 5 m. Was the objects velocity positive or negative? 5-20 = -15 An object moves from 10m to 10m. Was the objects velocity positive or negative?

-10-10 = -20m

Problems
1. An object is going 50 m/s to the left, later it is going 10 m/s to the right, find the change of velocity.

10--50=10+50= 60m/s
2. An object is going 4 m/s. If after traveling 16 sec, it is going 12 m/s, find the acceleration of the object.

12--4=12+4=16m
3.

16m/16s = 1m/s

An object moves from 4 m to 12 m in 6 seconds. Find its velocity.

-12-4= -16m -16m/6s = 2.67m/s

4. An object accelerates 3 m/s2 for 10 seconds. If it started at 4 m/s, how fast is it going afterward?

Vf = Vi + (at)

Vf = -4 + (3)(10) = -4 + 30 = 26m/s

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Copyright 2005, C. Stephen Murray

Position vs. Time

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0

1. 2. 3.

What does the x-axis show? time What does the y-axis show? position How far does the object move from A to B?

Position (m )

3 to 9 = 6m
4. How long does it take the object to move from A to B?

1s to 3s = 2s

A
5.
1 2 3 4 5

Put this information together: what does this mean?

6m/2s = 3m/s
6. What do we call this quantity?

Time (sec)

slope: velocity
Position vs. Time
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0

Circle where each line crosses 6m. What is the initial position of each line?

Line A

1m

Line B

Line C

Use 6m as your final position. What is the x for each line?

6-1 = 5m

Position (m)

Line D o o o o

How long does it take each line to reach 6m? Line A: Line C:

1s 5s

Line B: Line D:

2s 10s
5/2 = 2.5

Calculate the velocity of each line. Line A: Line B:

5/1=5

10

11

12

Line C:

5/5=1 Line D: 5/10 = .5

Tim e (sec)

Which line shows the fastest velocity?

Which line shows the slowest velocity?

What did you learn about slope and velocity?

steeper slope = more velocity

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Mark the dependent and independent variables. Where will the object be at 3 seconds? 9m When will the object be 7 meters away? 2sec Put a square around the y-intercept. Circle two good points on the line. Find the slope:

Position vs. Time

12 11 10 9 Position (m) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 Time (sec) 3 4 5

Dep

O
7.

11-7/4-2 = 4/2 = 2m/s

What is the y-intercept?

3m or starting point

8.

Write the linear equation for this graph:

y=3x+3 P=3t+3

Indep

9. When will the above object be 15 meters away? www.cstephenmurray.com

15=3t+3 12=3t 4=t

Copyright 2005, C. Stephen Murray