Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Information Summaries
NP-1997-03-008JSC March 31, 1997
PREFACE
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) selected the first group of astronauts in 1959. From 500 candidates having the required jet aircraft flight experience and engineering training as well as height below 5 feet 11 inches, 7 military men became the Nations first astronauts. The second and third groups chosen included civilians who had extensive flying experience. By 1964, requirements had changed, and emphasis was placed on academic qualifications; in 1965, 6 scientist astronauts were selected from a group of 400 applicants who had a doctorate or equivalent experience in the natural sciences, medicine, or engineering. The group named in 1978 was the first of space shuttle flight crews and was composed of 15 pilots and 20 mission specialists; 6 of the 35 were women and 4 were members of minorities. Since then, 8 additional groups have been selected with a mix of pilots and mission specialists. In total, 268 U.S. astronauts have been selected in the 16 groups from 1959 through 1996; there are 98 astronauts and 35 candidates currently in the program; 110 astronauts have retired, resigned or been reassigned; and 25 are deceased. Several sections are included in this document to provide general information about the international astronauts who are participating in the U.S. Space Program. Payload specialists are career scientists or engineers selected by their employer or country for their expertise in conducting a specific experiment or commercial venture on a space shuttle mission. Information about them is not included in the Astronaut Fact Book. The space flights and statistics listed in this publication are those which resulted from the vertical takeoff of an American space vehicle. Astronauts listed are individuals who participated in the United States astronaut program including those who are in the training program. NASA accepts applications for the Astronaut Candidate Program on a continuing basis and selects candidates as needed.
iii
CONTENTS
Alphabetical List of U.S. Astronauts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alphabetical List of International Astronauts in U.S. Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biographical Sketches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current U.S. Astronauts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current International Astronauts in the U.S. Space Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996 U.S. Astronaut Candidate Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996 International Astronaut Candidates in the U.S. Space Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Former U.S. Astronauts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deceased U.S. Astronauts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Astronaut Selection by Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Congressional Space Medal of Honor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational Institutions From Which U.S. Astronauts Earned Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States Service Academies From Which U.S. Astronauts Earned Degrees . . . . . . . . U.S. Astronauts Birthplaces by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Astronauts Born in Other Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Astronauts Scouting Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current U.S. Astronauts in Active Military Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Space Program Human Space Flight Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Art Astronaut picks up a power ratchet tool as he prepares to service the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) on orbit.
1 7 8 8 24 26 31 32 48 52 54 55 59 60 61 62 63 64
iv
Group 10 12 3 12 6 15 3 15 11 2 15 9 10 11 14 3 3 9 15 8 7 9 2 12 14 5 8 9 12 16 10 8 5 16 13 11 16 16 16 10 16 1 5 10
# Flights 2 4 2 3 2 0 1 0 4 2 0 2 3 4 1 0 2 5 0 4 3 4 2 4 1 4 4 1 3 0 2 4 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 1
Status Former Current Former Current Former Current Former Current Current Former Current Former Current Current Current Deceased Former Current Current Former Former Former Former Current Current Former Former Former Current Candidate Former Former Former Candidate Current Current Candidate Candidate Candidate Former Candidate Former Former Deceased
Group 10 3 3 9 6 15 13 12 16 9 13 8 13 14 13 3 2 1 8 8 7 10 3 15 13 12 11 5 9 15 3 6 5 5 8 16 8 9 12 16 3 16 7
# Flights 4 3 0 5 0 0 2 3 0 2 3 3 3 1 1 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 1 0 2 2 3 1 4 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 2
Status Current Former Deceased Current Former Current Current Current Candidate Former Former Former Current Current Current Former Former Former Former Former Former Current Former Current Current Current Current Former Current Current Deceased Former Former Deceased Former Candidate Current Former Current Candidate Deceased Candidate Former
Group 8 9 4 11 14 4 8 5 1 11 3 15 9 4 8 13 8 1 14 10 5 13 10 12 13 8 7 8 8 13 6 11 16 11 16 9 15 16 8 6 14 15 5 10
# Flights 2 2 2 3 1 1 5 0 1 3 2 0 4 0 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 3 3 4 3 1 4 0 3 0 4 0 0 5 0 2 0 1 4
Status Former Former Former Current Current Former Former Deceased Former Current Former Current Former Former Former Current Deceased Deceased Current Former Former Current Current Current Former Former Former Former Current Current Deceased Current Candidate Former Candidate Former Current Candidate Current Former Current Current Deceased Current
Group 12 11 14 13 15 16 16 16 4 14 14 10 9 6 5 15 14 14 6 16 14 16 9 5 2 10 15 8 16 16 16 5 13 8 5 16 10 2 12 8 11 12 15
# Flights 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 4 3 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 3 2 4 3 0 5 0 0 0 3 2 1 2 0 1 2 3 2 3 2 0
Status Former Current Current Current Current Candidate Candidate Candidate Former Current Current Current Former Former Former Current Current Current Former Candidate Current Candidate Former Former Former Former Current Current Candidate Candidate Candidate Former Current Former Former Candidate Former Former Current Deceased Former Former Current
Group 4 5 16 8 6 8 8 13 15 16 13 9 6 8 11 7 14 6 7 16 16 5 16 13 12 12 15 8 16 9 8 15 14 5 9 12 1 4 3 8 3
# Flights 0 1 0 3 6 4 3 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 3 2 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 3 2 0 2 0 4 2 0 2 1 5 3 3 1 1 2 3
Status Former Former Candidate Former Current Former Former Current Current Candidate Current Former Former Deceased Current Deceased Current Former Former Candidate Candidate Former Candidate Current Current Former Current Deceased Candidate Former Former Current Current Deceased Current Current Former Former Former Deceased Former
# Flights 1 2 3 0 2 0 3 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 2 4 0 2 0 0 3 1 0 2 5 1 2 0 4 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 0 4 3 1 2 3 1
Status Current Current Current Deceased Former Candidate Former Former Current Former Deceased Deceased Current Former Former Former Candidate Former Current Current Former Deceased Candidate Current Former Current Current Deceased Former Former Former Former Former Deceased Current Current Candidate Former Current Current Former Current Deceased
Scott, Winston E. 1992 Searfoss, Richard A. 1990 Seddon, Margaret Rhea 1978 See, Elliot M., Jr. 1962 Sega, Ronald M. 1990 Sellers, Piers J. 1996 Shaw, Brewster H., Jr. 1978 Shepard, Alan B., Jr. 1959 Shepherd, William M. 1984 Shriver, Loren J. 1978 Slayton, Donald K. 1959 Smith, Michael J. 1980 Smith, Steven L. 1992 Spring, Sherwood C. 1980 Springer, Robert C. 1980 Stafford, Thomas P. 1962 Stefanyshyn-Piper, Heidemarie M. 1996 Stewart, Robert L. 1978 Still, Susan L. 1995 Sturckow, Frederick W. 1995 Sullivan, Kathryn D. 1978 Swigert, John L., Jr. 1966 Tani, Daniel M. Tanner, Joseph R. Thagard, Norman E. Thomas, Andrew S. W. Thomas, Donald A. Thorne, Stephen D. Thornton, Kathryn C. Thornton, William E. Thuot, Pierre J. Truly, Richard H. van Hoften, James D. A. Veach, Charles Lacy Voss, James S. Voss, Janice E. Walheim, Rex J. Walker, David M. Walz, Carl E. Weber, Mary E. Weitz, Paul J. Wetherbee, James D. White, Edward H., II 1996 1992 1978 1992 1990 1985 1984 1967 1985 1969 1978 1984 1987 1990 1996 1978 1990 1992 1966 1984 1962
10
12
13
14
16
17
20
21
22
23
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
34
35
36
38
41
44
45
47
48
49
50
51
53
54
57
58
United States Service Academies From Which U.S. Astronauts Earned Degrees
U.S. Air Force Academy: Blaha, Bloomfield, Bobko, Bridges, C. Brown, Casper, Chilton, Covey, Duffy, G. Gardner, Grabe, F. Gregory, W. Gregory, Gutierrez, Halsell, Hammond, Helms, Henricks, Jones, J. Kelly, Kregel, Lee, Lindsey, McMonagle, Precourt, Searfoss, Sega, Shriver, Veach U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology: Anders, Bluford, M. Brown, Cooper, Eisele, Fabian, Halsell, Lindsey, Mullane, Peterson U.S. Coast Guard Academy: Burbank, Melnick U.S. Merchant Marine Academy: M. Kelly, See U.S. Military Academy: Adamson, Aldrin, Borman, Clifford, M. Collins, Forrester, Gemar, McArthur, Mullane, Peterson, D. Scott, Spring, White, J. Williams, Worden U.S. Naval Academy: Anders, Bolden, Bowersox, Buchli, Bursch, Cabana, Coats, Creighton, Culbertson, Curbeam, Duke, Edwards, Eisele, Freeman, Givens, Gorie, Griggs, Hire, Hobaugh, Irwin, Jett, Lawrence, Leestma, Linenger, Lopez-Alegria, Loria, Lounge, Lovell, McCandless, McCool, Nowak, OConnor, Oswald, Phillips, Readdy, Reightler, Schirra, Shepard, Shepherd, M. Smith, Springer, Stafford, Thorne, Thuot, Walker U.S. Naval Postgraduate School: Altman, Bursch, Carr, Cernan, Coats, Curbeam, Evans, Herrington, Hilmers, Jett, M. Kelly, Leestma, Lopez-Alegria, Lousma, McBride, McCool, Mitchell, Noriega, Nowak, Overmyer, Reightler, Rominger, W. Scott, M. Smith, Springer, Weitz, J. Williams U.S. Naval War College: J. Williams
59
61
62
63
May 5, 1961 July 21, 1961 Feb. 20, 1962 May 24, 1962 Oct. 3, 1962 May 15-16, 1963
Total - Project Mercury 53:55:27 Gemini-Titan Gemini-Titan Gemini-Titan Gemini-Titan Gemini-Titan Gemini-Titan Gemini-Titan Gemini-Titan Gemini-Titan Gemini-Titan III IV V VII VI-A VIII IX-A X XI XII Grissom, Young McDivitt, White Cooper, Conrad Borman, Lovell Schirra, Stafford Armstrong, D. Scott Stafford, Cernan Young, M. Collins Conrad, Gordon Lovell, Aldrin Mar. 23, 1965 June 3 to 7, 1965 Aug. 21 to 29, 1965 Dec. 4 to 18, 1965 Dec. 15 and 16, 1965 Mar. 16, 1966 June 3 to 6, 1966 July 18 to 21, 1966 Sept. 12 to 15, 1966 Nov. 11 to 15, 1966 04:52:31 97:56:12 190:55:14 330:35:01 25:51:24 10:41:26 72:20:50 70:46:39 71:17:08 94:34:31 63:40:29 259:32:53 641:23:21 1302:33:23 1354:16:11 1375:39:03 1520:20:43 1661:54:01 1804:28:17 1993:37:19
Total - Gemini Program 1939:41:52 Apollo-Saturn 7 Apollo-Saturn 8 Apollo-Saturn 9 Apollo-Saturn 10 Apollo-Saturn 11 Apollo-Saturn Apollo-Saturn Apollo-Saturn Apollo-Saturn Apollo-Saturn Apollo-Saturn 12 13 14 15 16 17 Schirra, Eisele, Cunningham Borman, Lovell, Anders McDivitt, D. Scott, Schweickart Stafford, Young, Cernan Armstrong, M. Collins, Aldrin Conrad, Gordon, Bean Lovell, Swigert, Haise Shepard, Roosa, Mitchell D. Scott, Worden, Irwin Young, Mattingly, Duke Cernan, Evans, Schmitt Oct. 11-22, 1968 Dec. 21-27, 1968 Mar. 3-13, 1969 May 18-26, 1969 July 16-24, 1969 Nov. 14-24, 1969 Apr. 11-17, 1970 Jan. 31-Feb. 9, 1971 Jul. 26-Aug. 7, 1971 Apr. 16-27, 1972 Dec. 7-19, 1972 260:09:03 147:00:42 241:00:54 192:03:23 195:18:35 244:36:24 142:54:41 216:01:58 295:11:53 265:51:05 301:51:59 2774:04:28 3215:06:34 3938:09:16 4514:19:25 5100:15:10 5834:04:22 6262:48:25 6910:54:19 7796:29:58 8594:03:13 9499:39:10
Total - Apollo Program 7506:01:51 Skylab SL-2 Skylab SL-3 Skylab SL-4 Conrad, Kerwin, Weitz Bean, Garriott, Lousma Carr, E. Gibson, Pogue May 25-Jun. 22, 1973 Jul. 28-Sep. 25, 1973 Nov. 16/73-Feb. 8/74 672:49:49 1427:09:04 2017:16:00 11518:08:37 15799:35:49 21851:23:49
Total - Skylab Program 12351:44:39 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) Total ASTP - 652:25:09 Source: NASA Historical Data Book Volumes 1 and 11
64
217:28:23
22503:48:58
STS-9
41-B
41-C
41-D 41-G
51-A
51-C 51-D
51-B
51-G
Young, Crippen Engle, Truly Lousma, Fullerton Mattingly, Hartsfield Brand, Overmyer, J. Allen, Lenoir Weitz, Bobko, Peterson, Musgrave Crippen, Hauck, Ride, Fabian, Thagard Truly, Brandenstein, D. Gardner, Bluford, W. Thornton Young, Shaw, Garriott, Parker, Lichtenberg, Merbold Brand, R. Gibson, McCandless, McNair, Stewart Crippen, Scobee, van Hoften, G. Nelson, Hart Hartsfield, Coats, Resnik, Hawley, Mullane,C. Walker Crippen, McBride, Ride, Sullivan, Leestma, Garneau, Scully-Power Hauck, D. Walker, D. Gardner, A. Fisher, J. Allen Mattingly, Shriver, Onizuka, Buchli, Payton Bobko, Williams, Seddon, Hoffman, Griggs, C. Walker, Garn Overmyer, F. Gregory, Lind, Thagard, W. Thornton, van den Berg, Wang Brandenstein, Creighton, Lucid, Fabian, Nagel, Baudry, Al-Saud
Apr. 12-14, 1981 Nov. 12-14, 1981 Mar. 22-30, 1982 Jun. 27-Jul. 4, 1982 Nov. 11-16, 1982 Apr. 4-9, 1983 Jun. 18-24, 1983 Aug. 30-Sep. 5, 1983
247:47:24
27358:26:06
191:15:55
28314:45:41
167:40:07
29153:06:16
144:56:04 197:23:38
30022:42:40 31404:28:06
191:44:56
32363:12:46
73:33:23 167:55:23
32730:59:41 33906:27:22
168:08:46
35083:28:44
169:38:52
36271:00:48
65
51-F
61-B
61-C
51-L
STS-26 STS-27 STS-29 STS-30 STS-28 STS-34 STS-33 STS-32 STS-36 STS-31 STS-41
Fullerton, Bridges, Musgrave, England, Henize, Acton, Bartoe Engle, Covey, van Hoften, Lounge, W. Fisher Bobko, Grabe, Hilmers, Stewart, Pailes Hartsfield, Nagel, Buchli, Bluford, Dunbar, Furrer, Messerschmid, Ockels Shaw, OConnor, Cleave, Spring, Ross, Neri-Vela, C. Walker R. Gibson, Bolden, Chang-Daz, Hawley, G. Nelson, Cenker, B. Nelson Scobee, M. Smith, Resnik, Onizuka, McNair, Jarvis, McAuliffe Hauck, Covey, Lounge, G. Nelson, Hilmers R. Gibson, G. Gardner, Mullane, Ross, Shepherd Coats, Blaha, Bagian, Buchli, Springer D. Walker, Grabe, Thagard, Cleave, Lee Shaw, Richards, Adamson, Leestma, M. Brown Williams, McCulley, Chang-Daz, Lucid, E. Baker F. Gregory, Blaha, Musgrave, Carter, K. Thornton Brandenstein, Wetherbee, Dunbar, Low, Ivins Creighton, Casper, Mullane, Hilmers, Thuot Shriver, Bolden, Hawley, McCandless, Sullivan Richards, Cabana, Shepherd, Melnick, Akers
165:04:49
41452:03:17
146:03:51
42474:30:14
n/a
42474:30:14
Sep. 29-Oct. 3, 1988 Dec. 2-6, 1988 Mar. 13-18, 1989 May 4-8, 1989 Aug. 8-3, 1989 Oct. 18-23, 1989 Nov. 22-27, 1989 Jan. 9-20, 1990 Feb. 28-Mar. 4, 1990 Apr. 24-29, 1990 Oct. 6-10, 1990
97:00:11 105:05:37 119:38:50 96:56:27 121:00:08 119:39:21 120:06:48 261:00:36 106:18:22 121:16:06 98:10:04
42959:31:09 43484:59:14 44083:13:24 44567:55:39 45172:56:19 45771:13:04 46371:47:04 47676:50:04 48208:21:54 48814:42:24 49305:32:44
66
STS-38 STS-35
STS-37 STS-39
STS-40
STS-42
STS-45
STS-49
STS-50
STS-46
STS-47 STS-52
STS-53
Covey, Culbertson, Springer, Meade, Gemar Brand, G. Gardner, Hoffman, Lounge, Parker, Durrance, Parise Nagel, Cameron, Ross, Apt, Godwin Coats, Hammond, Bluford, Harbaugh, Hieb, McMonagle, Veach OConnor, Gutierrez, Seddon, Bagian, Jernigan, Gaffney, Hughes-Fulford Blaha, M. Baker, Lucid, Adamson, Low Creighton, Reightler, Buchli, Gemar, M. Brown F. Gregory, Henricks, Musgrave, Runco, James Voss, Hennen Grabe, Oswald, Thagard, Hilmers, Readdy, Bondar, Merbold Bolden, Duffy, Sullivan, Leestma, Foale, Frimout, Lichtenberg Brandenstein, Chilton, Hieb, Melnick, Thuot, K. Thornton, Akers Richards, Bowersox, Dunbar, E. Baker, Meade, DeLucas, Trinh Shriver, A. Allen, Hoffman, Chang-Daz, Nicollier, Ivins, Malerba R. Gibson, C. Brown, Lee, Apt, Davis, Jemison,Mohri Wetherbee, M. Baker, Veach, Shepherd, Jernigan, MacLean D. Walker, Cabana, Bluford, James Voss, Clifford
143:32:44 199:22:23
52118:34:55 53514:01:36
218:14:20
55041:41:56
193:14:44
59104:34:43
214:09:28
60603:40:59
213:17:38
62096:44:25
331:30:04
64417:14:53
191:15:03
65756:00:14
190:30:23 236:56:13
67089:32:55 68511:10:13
175:19:47
69387:49:08
67
STS-61
STS-60
STS-63
STS-67
STS-71
Casper, McMonagle, Runco, Harbaugh, Helms Cameron, Oswald, Foale, Cockrell, Ochoa Nagel, Henricks, Ross, Precourt, Harris, Walter, Schlegel Grabe, Duffy, Low, Currie, Wisoff, Janice Voss Culbertson, Readdy, Newman, Bursch, Walz Blaha, Searfoss, Seddon, McArthur, Wolf, Lucid, Fettman Covey, Bowersox, Musgrave, K. Thornton, Nicollier, Hoffman, Akers Bolden, Reightler, Chang-Daz, Davis, Sega, Krikalev Casper, Allen, Thuot, Gemar, Ivins Gutierrez, Chilton, Godwin, Apt, Clifford, T. Jones Cabana, Halsell, Hieb, Walz, Chiao, Thomas, Mukai Richards, Hammond, Linenger, Helms, Meade, Lee Baker, Wilcutt, Wisoff, S. Smith, Bursch, T. Jones McMonagle, C. Brown, Ochoa, Tanner, Clervoy, Parazynski Wetherbee, E. Collins, Harris, Foale, Janice Voss, Titov Oswald, Gregory, Grunsfeld, Lawrence,Jernigan, Durrance, Parise Gibson, Precourt, E. Baker, Harbaugh, Dunbar, Solovyev, Budarin, Dezhurov, Strekalov, Thagard
259:58:37
79427:07:21
199:09:22
80622:03:33
Mar. 4-18, 1994 Apr. 9-20, 1994 July 8-23, 1994 Sep. 9-20, 1994 Sep. 30-Oct. 11, 1994 Nov. 3-14, 1994
198:28:15
92002:44:10
399:08:48
94796:45:46
235:22:17
Due to the multivehicle misions and change out of crews, cumulative manhours will no longer be calculated.
68
STS-82
Henricks, Kregel, Thomas, Currie, Weber Walker, Cockrell, Jim Voss, Newman, Gernhardt Bowersox, Rominger, Coleman, Lopez-Alegria, Thornton, Leslie, Sacco Cameron, Halsell, Hadfield, Ross, McArthur Duffy, Jett, Chiao, Scott, Wakata, Barry Allen, Horowitz, Hoffman, Cheli, Nicollier, Chang-Daz, Guidoni Chilton, Searfoss, Sega, Clifford, Godwin, Lucid Casper, C. Brown, A. Thomas, Bursch, Runco, Garneau Henricks, Dregel, Linnehan, Helms, Brady, Favier, Thirsk Readdy, Wilcutt, Apt, Akers, Walz, Blaha, Lucid Cockrell, Rominger, Jernigan, T. Jones, Musgrave M. Baker, Jett, Wisoff, Grunsfeld, Ivins, Linenger, Blaha Bowersox, Horowitz, Tanner, Hawley, Harbaugh, M. Lee, S. Smith
Mar. 22-31, 1996 May 19-29, 1996 Jun. 20-Jul. 7, 1996 Sep. 16-26, 1996 Nov. 19-Dec. 7, 1996 Jan. 12-22, 1997
+239:37:00
Source: Shuttle Flight Data and In-Flight Anomaly List. +Times are unofficial
This and other JSC fact sheets can be found on the Internet at: http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/pao/factsheets/
69