Vicky Li Period: 4 Test Corrections Chapter 9 Standardized Test Prep 7.

During a cold spell, Florida orange growers often spray a mist of water over their trees during the night. Why is this done? A. The large latent heat of vaporization for water keeps the trees from freezing. B. The large latent heat of fusion from water prevents it and thus the trees from freezing. C. The small latent heat of fusion for water prevents the water and thus the trees from freezing D. The small heat capacity of water makes the water a good insulator. 13. Ethyl alcohol has about one-half the specific heat capacity of water. If equal masses of alcohol and water in separate beakers at the same temperature are supplied with the same amount of energy, which will have the higher final temperature? 14. A 0.200 kg glass holds 0.300 kg of hot water, as shown below. The glass and water are set on a table to cool. After the temperature has decreased by 2.0C, how much energy has been removed from the water and glass? (The specific heat capacity of glass is 837 J/kg. C, and that of water is 4186 J/kg C). Ch.10 Standardized Test Prep 1. If there is no change in the internal energy of a gas, even though energy is transferred to the gas as heat and work, what is the thermodynamic process hat the gas undergoes called? A. adiabatic B. isothermal C. isovolumetric D. isobaric The answer is B, isothermal because in an isothermal process the systems temperature remains constant and internal energy does not change when energy is transferred to or from the system as heat or work.

The answer is B because the large latent heat of fusion from water prevents it and thus the trees from freezing.

Ethyl alcohol will have a higher final temperature because ethyl alcohol only has one-half of the specific heat capacity of water.

The answer is 2900 J because Q = Qg + Qw = mgcp,gT + mwcp,wT = (mgcp,g + mwcp,w)(T) Q = [(0.200 kg)(837 J/kgC) + (0.300 kg)(4186 J/kgC)](2.0C) Q = (167 J/C + 1260 J/C)(2.0C) = (1430 J/C)(2.0C) = 2900 J

2. To calculate the efficiency of a heat engine, which thermodynamic property does not need to be known? F. the energy transferred as heat to the engine G. the energy transferred as heat from the engine H. the change in the internal energy of the engine J. the work done by the engine. 3. In which of the following processes is no work done? A. Water is boiled in a pressure cooker. B. A refrigerator is used to freeze water. C. An automobile engine operates for several minutes. D. A tire is inflated with an air pump. 9. A power plant has a power output of 1055 MW and operates with an efficiency of 0.330. Excess energy is carried away as heat from the plant to a nearby river. How much energy is transferred away from the power plant as heat? 14. How do the temperature of combustion and the temperatures of coolant and exhaust affect the efficiency of automobile engines?

The answer is H (the change in the internal energy of the engine) because efficiency of a heat does not involve with internal energy in the system.

Then answer is A (Water is boiled in a pressure cooker) because when water boils heat is being transferred and nothing in the surrounding is putting work or pressure to the cooker.

The answer is 2.14 109 J/s because 1055 MW/ 0.330 = 3.2010 MW P =3.2010 MW1055MW =2140MW=2140MJ/s = 2.14 109 J/s

The greater the temperature difference is, the greater is the amount of energy transferred as heat. For efficiency to increases, the heat transferred between the combustion reaction and the engine should be made to increase, whereas the energy given up as waster heat to the coolant and exhaust should be made to decrease. The answer is 1.62 105 J because Qc =Qh eff (Qh) =2.00105J(0.19)(2.00105 J) Qc =2.00105 J3.8104 J = 1.62 105 J The answer is 1.57 105 J because Qc =Qh WU Qc =2.00105 J3.8104 J5.0103 J = 1.57 105 J

17. Assuming there is no change in the internal energy of the steam shovels engine, how much energy is given up by the shovel as waste heat?

18. Suppose the internal energy of the steam shovels engine increases by 5.0x J. How much energy is given up now as waste heat?

19. One way to look at heat and work is to think of energy transferred as heat as a disorganized form of energy and energy transferred as work as an organized form. Use this interpretation to shower that the increased order obtained by freezing water is less than the total disorder that results from the freezer used to form the ice.

Disorganized energy is removed from water to form ice, but a greater amount of organized energy must become disorganized to operate the freezer.