Ism Project

A Project Report On

Poultry Farming- Egg Industry

Mentor

Submitted By:Anmol Karnani(12BSPHH Dipak Goyal(12BSPHH ) )

Richa Sengar(12BSPHH010824)

Contents
123456Introduction 3 Top poultry firms of India... 3 Why this sector 3 Nutritive value of egg.. 5 History of poultry in India... 6 Indian poultry and its future prospects.7 1-percapita consumption7 2-commercial poultry 8 3- Rural poultry production.. 8 4-recent developments.. 8

7-prospects and perspectives9 8-conclusion 9

Poultry Farming in India

1:- Introduction
Protein-rich and low-fat branded eggs are slowly becoming the staple breakfast choice of families, reflected in the product's 20 per cent sales growth .Despite its higher price tag, many firms that produce branded eggs have seen a rise in demand and feel there is still a huge untapped market for the product. The demand (for branded eggs) is growing between 10-20 per cent annually. Branded eggs currently account for about three per cent of the total eggs produced. At present, branded eggs cost anywhere between Rs 32 and Rs 40 per box, that contains six pieces. Keggs Farms, which initially started with a production of 5,000 boxes of branded eggs every month, is currently producing about 50,000 boxes on a monthly basis. The educated people, mostly those working in the technology sector, are vigilant and pick products that suit their lifestyle; branded eggs with special features like low cholesterol, high DHM content and folic acid are well received by them.While the whole country consumes 3.6 billion eggs every month, the branded eggs constitutes only around six million eggs. But the segment is catching up fast in cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore and is growing at an annual rate of 20 per cent. Since the shelf life of eggs is only 15 days, so have to take back the unsold product. So, naturally the cost of product increases and it is not acceptable in the market.

2:- Top Poultry firms in India

1- Suguna Poultry Products Ltd. 2- Ponni Egg Exporters 3-Sharmila Poultry Farm 4-VKS Farms Pvt Ltd 5-Willmar Poultry Company 6-Singh Poultry Farm

3:- Why this sector??- A lucrative Enterprise

Poultry gives good returns for the amount invested, lime and energy spent and labour involved. Some of the advantages are

1. Require minimum investment to start

poultry farming requires less investment to start the farming on commercial scale. Agricultural labourers, marginal and small farmers, will profit adequately if they start this business on a small scale. The average investment on fixed capital and total cost of rearing 100
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chicks to the point of lay, works out to be Rs 10,000 only. The layers start laying at 18 months for one year. The normal economic life of a bird is therefore 18 months after which it is sold as a bird meat. The broiler can be sold at 6 weeks when it attains a live weight of approximately 1.250 kg.

2. Rapid return or profit

Chicken start laying eggs when they are about 6 to 8 months of age. As the interval between the poultry generations is very short, it is possible to bring about a phenomenal increase in poultry production in short interval.

3. Feed conversion efficiency

Broilers have a very good feed conversion ratio. This implies that broilers are capable of producing the maximum possible amount of food for us but themselves utilize only a small quantity of feed.

4. Poultry provides a continuous source of income

Poultry is not a seasonal industry but gives a good income throughout the year with minimum labour and expenditure. Moreover, the farmer also starts getting returns very early, as layers start laying at their, age of 6-8 months.

5. Farming requires small space

Poultry requires minimum space with modem confinement rearing and may be profitably reared in the backyard of homes. Each bird requires as little as 1 sq ft by a deep liner system and even less in case of cages and battery systems.

6. Water requirements are less

Unlike the land cultivation or dairy farming, poultry farming requires very little water both for drinking and cleaning purposes. One litre of water will be sufficient for 5 birds in a day.

7. Stabilize farm income

Farmers may experience crop failures due to un favourable weather conditions or for other reasons. Poultry raising as a side business will tend to stabilize farm income. It helps the farmers in other ways too. For example, it gives subsidiary income, supplies fertilizers at no extra cost, cleans the crops from pests and worms, utilizes waste products and provides offseason employment.

8. Poultry feeds do not compete with human food

Poultry is capable of utilizing large quantities of by-products like bran, substandard grains and vegetables profitably. A regular laying hen converts vegetable proteins into valuable animal proteins with an efficiency which is perhaps the highest among all domestic animals. The birds when put on stubbles will pick up the grains which would otherwise go waste. Similarly, if they are put on the threshing and winnowing floors after the operations are over, nothing will be wasted. Large quantities of agro-industrial by-products are utilized by poultry, thus converting all such waste materials into valuable edible products.

9. Employment opportunities
Poultry farming offers opportunities for full time or part-time employment people on the farm operation. No hard labour is required for a poultry unit. Poultry is easy to manage since the birds arc docile. Poultry farming also provides indirect employment to the people with regard to transportation and distribution among the consumers. 10. Poultry gives rich fertilizer Poultry manure is an extremely rich source of nitrogen and organic material. Hence they are highly regarded as fertilizer. A laying hen produces about 220 g of fresh droppings (75% moisture) every day. The poultry droppings are higher in nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content than cow dung, The manure may also be in the form of used, old, built-up litters which are cleaned either yearly or once in two years. This litter is a balanced fertilizer containing 3% nitrogen, 2% phosphorus, 2% potash and humus. One tonne (10 quintals) of litters, produced by 40 layers in a year, is equivalent to about 140 kg of ammonium sulphate, 125 kg of super phosphate and 45 kg of potassium. This fertilizer is sufficient to cultivate one acre of paddy and half an acre of vegetables profitably. 4:- Nutritive Value of Egg Poultry fanning is not only appealing for its economic benefit but also praiseworthy for its nutritive value. To promote poultry farming, S. B. Chauhan, the Union Finance Minister in 1989 proposed to provide tax exemption to the income from poultry fanning at the rate of 33.33% of such income. Considering the state of malnutrition in India, where 60-70% of the population consume less than the minimum requirement of protein and calories, which leads to protein-calorie imbalance and consequently health problems, specially in growing children

Table 5: Nutritive value of egg Sl.No Nutrient Recommended daily allowance for moderately active man 3,000 70 50 570 0.8 0.9 12 Qty in 1 egg

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Energy (kcal) Protein (g) Fat (g) Carbohydrate (g) Calcium (g) Phosphorus (g) Iron (mg)

90 6.6 5.5 0.03 0.12 1.6

5:- History of Poultry Development in India Today poultry industry is the fastest growing sector of India's agriculture. To get the full impact of its rapid escalation, it would be interesting to trace the evolution of poultry development in India. In the East, poultry keeping dates back to very early times, India and the neighboring countries are considered to be the original home of the jungle fowl, from which the domestic birds have descended. From India, it is said to have migrated westward reaching Greece in 525 BC. During the Iranian invasion these birds were carried to Palestine from where they slowly trickled into several parts of Europe including Italy, and then managed to reach the British Isles. By the beginning of the Christian era, it had widely spread over the western parts of Asia and eastern parts of Europe from where it is reported to have gradually made its way to other countries including Australia, America, Russia and Japan. The multi-coloured fowls were the earliest poultry reared by the hill tribes and other people. The jungle fowls were very small in size and laid only about 30 eggs per year.

Eggs
Thus the annual growth rate is 10% for the eggs.It would be interesting to note that. of the per capita annual expenditure on food which works out to be Rs 780, around 1 % is spent on egg consumption. It is estimated that almost 60% of the population can afford to spend part of the income on egg, provided they are sold at a reasonable price and consumers are made aware of its value.

Poultry by-products
One of the problems in the poultry industry today is the improper disposal of an increasing volume of poultry slaughter house wastes, produced in the course of dressing over 300 million birds per year Another useful by-product of poultry is the poultry manure. It is a mixture of faeces and urine excreted by poultry birds. The manure is very rich in plant nutrients and has a high fertilizer value. The average poultry manure composition is as follows: Nitrogen -1.0 -1.8% Phosphate .1.4 -1.8% Potash -0.8 -0.9% The manure is used rafter keeping it staked, about two metres high, for 3-4 weeks.heat thus generated, disinfects the manure and makes it fit for u in cattle ration. But its use in poultry feed is restricted because of the presence of uric acid in it, which is harmful for poultry.

6:- Indian Poultry And Its Future Prospects

It is believed that the indian Poultry Industry is 5,000 years old, since last 4 decades it began to witness remarkable growth from backyard to poultry industry. The organised sector of poultry industry is contributing nearly 70% of the total output and the rest 30% in the unorganized sector. India's 75% of egg produce is consumed by the 25% population living in urban and semi-urban areas. Presently about 800 hatcheries are operating in the country.

Per capita consumption

The National Institute of Nutrition has recommended 180 eggs per capita consumption for our country. At present, Per capita availability of egg is 1.8 kg or 42 eggs. Average consumption of eggs in major cities is 170 eggs Average consumption of eggs in smaller cities is 40 eggs Average consumption of developed rural areas is 20 eggs Average consumption of undeveloped rural areas is only 5 eggs. While 20% of Indian population is vegetarian. In spite of this, with the rise of middle class and increased urbanization people prefer to go for non-vegetarian.
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About 3 million farmers and 15 million agrarian farmers are employed in the poultry industry that grow poultry ingredients for feed and contribute about Rs 26,000 crore to the national income. India is the fifth largest producer of egg and ninth largest producer of poultry meat. India was positioned 17th in the world poultry production. The Indian poultry production is considered to be the cheapest in the world.

Commercial Poultry
India has emerged as the only country in the developing world a self-reliant, technology driven industry, with capability to produce every essential input for successful poultry farming including indigenous genetic resource and breeding, world class poultry vaccines and medicines, specific pathogen free eggs (SPF), farms and hatchery automation systems, pelleted feed, egg processing, poultry processing, nationwide network of disease diagnostic laboratories and facilities for entrepreneurial development and training in both private and public sectors.

Rural Poultry Production

Rural poultry production constitutes important component of agricultural economy in India, small poultry holder are practically capable of more significant contribution to alleviate malnutrition, poverty and unemployment. A spectacular progress has been made from subsistence to sustainable production system. Indian backyard population increase is only by 16% in the last 30 years from 60 to 70 million. China's 76% of total egg comes from rural backyard production. India requires both mass production as well as production by masses.

Recent positive developments of poultry industry

NABARD has committed to bring about rural prosperity through poultry. Meeting of sub-group of poultry has asked for funds of Rs1095 crore for poultry development during the 11th Plan and Rs 30,000 crore for the entire livestock sector under various schemes of the Government of India. India has resumed egg export. IFC (Washington based International Finance Corporation) picked up stake in Suguna Poultry farms. Suguna Poultry paves the way for North Indian expansion and introduces dial-a-chicken concept to promote value added products. Thousands of broiler farmers will reap the benefit. Venkateswara Hatcheries has decided to use tennis to promote their brand Venky's. Poultry farmers to get maize on concessional rate to use it as feed in poultry. Kerala livestock development board chalked out plan for poultry tourism in Munnar. Poultry litter to fetch carbon credit in Andhra Pradesh with 3.5 mw power plant. Godrej Agrovet Ltd introduced wide range of processed chicken in the brand name of Godrej Real Good Chicken..

Poultry sector is one of the fastest growing industries of the Indian economy than any other sector contributing about $230 million to the Gross National Product. But in statistical terms the industry has reported a loss of over Rs 4,000 crore as an aftermath effect of the bird flu crisis.

The contribution of the small rural farmers points out the importance of integration of the poultry farming and the allied sector. Presently 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is permitted in the food processing sector. Also FDI in food retailing, covering dairy, poultry, marine, vegetables and fruits might help the entire food processing industry grow. Poultry farming in India has transformed from a mere tool of supplementary income and nutritious food for the family to the major commercial activity generating the required revenue. The growth of the industry with steady production of 1,800 million kg of poultry meat, 40 billion egg per year and employment generation of about 3 million people indicates the future prospects for the industry. Changing food habits, rising income of the middle class Indian, presence of private players, rising market demand of the Indian poultry produce in the export market are some of the contributing factors to the growth of the industry.

7:- Prospects and perspectives

Today poultry industry has reached a stage of sophistication. A network of over 500 commercial feed mills, veterinary pharmaceuticals and equipment manufacturers has made poultry farming a dynamic agricultural business. These commercial activities have been duly supported by Research and Development back-up from various educational and research institutions. A high quality poultry feed gives a proportionately much higher production and helps in minimizing incidence of disease out breaks. Better quality poultry feed, together with improved management practices has resulted in a higher egg production from 180 to 260 eggs per bird. Credit has been an essential input that has contributed to the growth of intensive poultry production. All commercial banks provide credit to the extent of 75-80% of the required investment For those projects involving an outlay of over Rs I lakh, refinance facilities are provided by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). For poultry cooperatives, the credit is provided by National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC). For families having an income of less than Rs 6000 per year, a subsidy of upto Rs 3000 is provided under the Integrated Rural Development Projects (IRDPs) for poultry projects with investment not exceeding to Rs 10,000. The poultry industry has gone a step further with the setting up of the Institute of Poultry Management of India (IPMI) in Pune. 8:- Conclusion Poultry farming is a viable business activity and has got immense scope for growth in India. In the rural sector too, poultry farming is gaining in popularity as it provides some of the cheapest sources of protein rich food as well as serves as an avenue for enhancing the income of small and marginal rural farmers. The development of poultry through the application of modem science and technology will greatly contribute to improving the socio-economic conditions of the poor farmers by making poultry farming more productive and remunerative. The introduction of better stock and efficient husbandry practices with an efficiently organized marketing system would make poultry a successful enterprise for Indian farmers.