Sonny An

US History Honors October 21st, 2012

Manifest destiny American ideal o From sea to shining sea 1800s: Industrialism 1622 to 1890: Indian Wars o o o o Not to be confused with the French & Indian Wars British promised land Not to be confused with Treaty of Versailles (thats after WW2) British gives Native American territories to US Did not tell Indian allies of transaction Many Native Americans fight for the British 1783: Treaty of Paris (British loss)

Native Americans leaders sign treaties with US, others wage war Over 900 treaties with Native Americans have been broken by US government Reservations poverty o Trail of Tears: 16,000 relocated, 4,000 died along the way The Sioux: Painful nipple stuff Buffalo Soldiers: Derogatory term used by Native Americans to describe African American soldiers

1st Great Awakening focused on church members 2nd Great Awakening reach out to non-Christians (including slaves & Native Americans) o o o Circuit riders: Traveling preachers, had more credibility due to personal story Revival Meetings Inspired wave of social activism/justice to address societys ills o Care for handicapped/mental Reform in prisons Abolition of slavery Christian women dont want no man drinking

Temperance movement (did not pass)

Slavery o Africans enslaved Africans 1|Page

Sonny An
US History Honors October 21st, 2012 o o o o o

18th century Trans-Atlantic Triangular trade Selection (process similar to sorting cattle) Departure (did not separate tribes) The Middle Passage (1~5 months) Branding slaves Not a crime to rape African-American women Harriet Tubman Moses of Her People

The Underground Railroad

Was the Civil War fought over slavery? o o o o 75% of white Southerners did not own slaves B/c they couldnt afford them Social class (wanted someone below them) Specifically slavery 1840: Cotton exported more than all major producers combined 1860: Slaves-driven industries more profitable than banks + factories + railroads Why fight to preserve slavery? States Rights (10th Amendment) Economics

1860 election (Lincoln vs. Douglas) 1860: South Carolina seceded, others follow 1861-1865: Confederate States of America o President Jefferson Davis April 12th, 1861: Fort Sumter 1861-1865: Civil War o 600,000 Americans died

Was Abraham Lincoln the Great Emancipator? o People are not always as they seem. Chicago: July 10th, 1858 (North) 2|Page

Sonny An
US History Honors October 21st, 2012 o o o o

Unite All men are created equal White superiority Lawyer, purposeful and careful about what he says

Charleston: September 18th, 1858 (South) Why the flip-flopping? Lincoln separated his personal wish that all men be free and his official duty, which was the preserve the Union. o The only way he could have both was if he was chosen president.

1863: The Emancipation Proclamation o o o Right in the middle of the Civil War Some say it was an act of war Some say it actually freed very few slaves True in 1863 By 1865, all freed

The Election of 1864: Lincoln vs. McClellan Lincoln eventually won the election o Lincolns 2nd Inaugural Address Proofread by Frederick Douglas

Reconstruction 1865-1877 o o Radical Republicans wanted South to pay Military occupation of the South Called carpetbaggers (negative) Called scalawags 40 acres and a mule? Never happened

Northern reformers go South o o o Blacks South Freedmens Bureau President Abraham Lincoln (North), Vice-President Andrew Johnson (South) Fords Theater 1865 3|Page

Sonny An
US History Honors October 21st, 2012 o o o o o o o o

Lincolns assassination Sic Semper Tyrannis = As Always to Tyrants Impeached by Radical Republicans Impeach: Have charges brought against you (president) If convicted, then removed from office 13th Amendment: end of slavery 14th Amendment: equal protection for all citizens 15th Amendment: voting rights for black men

Andrew Johnson now president (hated Radical Republicans)

Accomplishments of the Radical Republicans

Resisting change: black codes Lesson from history: Change is scary o Change and fear often fuel extremism Southern justice from KKK

Why did the Reconstruction come to an end? o Northerners would turn their attention to industrialization Fueled by immigration

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