Problem 1. (30 points.

1) Given the system oil (density = 0.91 g/cm3) flowing in a pipe, and the flow rate measure via a mercury (density = 13.546 g/cm3) manometer (see figure), determine the following. Patm = 760 mm Hg i) ii) iii) iv) v) Where is the pressure higher, A or B Which direction is the flow moving, A to B or B to A. Pressure drop between point A and B, mm Hg. Given PA = 20.0 psig, calculate PB in psia. For the same oil flow system determine the difference in height (inches) of the two legs of the manometer using water (density = 1.0 g/cm3) instead of mercury. Note that water is environmentally friendlier. Can you use (YES or NO) an organic solvent such as hexane in the manometer to measure the pressure drop of the oil?? Explain.

vi)

Question i ii iii iv v vi

Results Table Result

Units

mm Hg psia inches YES or NO

Points 4 4 4 7 7 4

Patm = 760 mm Hg OIL A B

0.78 inches

Hg

Problem 2. (25 points.)

The emissive power of a black body depends on the fourth power of the temperature and is given by:

W =AT4
Where W = emissive power, Btu/(ft2)(hr) A = Stefan-Boltzman constant, 0.171 x 10-8 T = Temperature, oR i) ii) iii) iv) v) determine the units of A Rewrite the equation in order to use the T with oF What are the units of the two constants. Calculate A if W is given in Joules/(m2)(s) and T is in oK. What are the units of A for part iv.

Table of Results.
Question i ii iii iv v Result Points 4 6 6 5 4

Problem 3. (25 points.)

A mixture of gases has the following composition by mass: O2 16% CO 4.0% CO2 17% N2 62.99% Ar 0.01% i) ii) iii) iv) v) Question i O2 CO CO2 N2 Ar O2 CO CO2 N2 Ar Determine the Average Molecular Weight of the mixture. Determine the composition in gmole%. Determine the composition in lbmole%. Determine the ppm of Argon based on mass content. Determine the ppm of Argon based on mole content Result Points 5

ii

iii

iv v

4 4

Problem 4. (20 points.)

A 0.50 molar aqueous solution of sulfuric acid flows into a process unit at a rate of 1.25 m3/min. The specific gravity of the solution is 1.03. Calculate:

Result H2SO4 mass concentration Mass flow rate of H2SO4 Mass fraction of H2SO4 Mole ratio Molar flow rate of H2SO4

Units kg/m3 kg H2SO4/s kg H2SO4/ kg solution moles H2SO4/ moles water kgmoles H2SO4/s

Points 4 4 4 4 4

Problem 1. (30 points.) The feed to a unit consisting of two columns contains 30% benzene (B), 55% toluene (T), and 15% xylene (X). The overhead stream from the first column is analyzed and contains 94.4 % B, 4.54% T, and 1.06% X. The bottoms from the first column (stream 3) are fed to the second column. In this second column, it is planned that 92% of the original T charged to the unit (in stream 1) shall be recovered in the overhead stream (stream 4) and that T shall constitute 94.6% of the stream. It is further planned that 92.6% of the X charged to the unit (in stream 1) shall be recovered in the bottoms from this column (stream 5) and that the X shall constitute 77.6% of the stream. Compute all unknown flow rates. 2 94.4% B 4.54% T 1.06% X C O L U M N I C O L U M N II 4 ?%B 94.6 % T ?%X

1 30% B 55% T 15% X

%B ? %T ? %X ?

%B ? %T ? % X 77.6

Use the following table to summarize the flow rates

1 Benzene Toluene Xylene TOTAL 100

FLOW RATES [lb/h] 2 3

Problem 2. (35 points.) A stack gas containing 2.1% O2, 7.6% H2O, 13.6 % CO2, 2.1%CO and 74.6 % N2 was obtained when a fuel containing C2H2, CO, and O2, was burned with air. a) Write down the chemical reactions representing the complete combustion of C2H2 and of CO. (5pts) b) Write down the chemical reaction representing the incomplete combustion of C2H2.(5pts) c) Draw a sketch of the process, include all pertinent information. (5pts) d) Determine the composition of the fuel. (15 pts) e) Determine the flow rate of air per mole of fuel fed (5 pts) f) Determine the percentage excess air used (Bonus!! 5pts) (HINT: use element balances)

Problem 3. (35 points.) In a process for the catalytic hydration of ethylene to ethyl alcohol, only a fraction of the ethylene is converted. The product is condensed and removed after passing through the reactor and the unconverted gases are recycled. The condenser may be assumed to remove all the alcohol and the recycle gases will contain 6.5% (mol) water vapor. The conversion of ethylene per pass trough the converter is 4.5%. The molar ratio of water to ethylene in the feed to the converter, after mixing the recycle gas with fresh feed, is 0.55. Calculate all streams in the process. The chemical reaction may be represented as: C 2 H 4 + H 2O C2 H 5OH

C2H4 H2O 6.5%

1
C2H4 H2O

2
C2H4 H2O

REACTOR 3

C O N D E N SE R

Use the following table to summarize the flow rates. FLOW RATES [Moles/h] 3 4 0

1 C2H4 H2O C2H5OH TOTAL 0

100

Problem 1 (30 points) A mixture of air and water at a temperature of 40C and a pressure of 750 mm Hg has a relative humidity of 80%. The wet gas is compressed to 40 psia and cooled to 20C condensing one pound of water per hour in the process. a. What are the water mole fractions in the inlet and outlet gases? (10 pts) b. How many cubic feet per minute of original gas were compressed? (10 pts) c. What is the exit gas flow rate in cubic feet per minute? (10 pts) Additional Data: P*H20 (20C) = 17.535 mm Hg P*H20 (40C) = 55.32 mm Hg P*H20 (60C) = 149.38 mm Hg P*H20 (80C) = 355.1 mm Hg Result Inlet water mole fraction Outlet water mole fraction Inlet volumetric flow rate Outlet volumetric flow rate Value Relative Humidity = PH2O / PH2O*

Table of Results Units mole fraction mole fraction ft3/min ft3/min Points 5 5 10 10

Problem 2 (35 points) A gas mixture containing 30% by volume xylene and the balance nitrogen flows through a pipe at a rate of 50 m3/h. The total pressure is 5 psia and the temperature is 75C. a. b. c. d. e. Find the molar flow rate of the gas (5 pts) Find the partial pressure of xylene (5 pts) Find the vapor pressure of xylene at 75C (5 pts) Is the gas saturated? (Yes/No) (5 pts) If the gas is not saturated, to what temperature (C) would it have to be cooled at constant pressure (5 psia) in order to begin condensing xylene? (10 pts) f. If the gas is not saturated, to what pressure (mm Hg) would it have to be compressed at constant temperature (75C) in order to begin condensing xylene (5 pts)

Additional Data: Log10 (P*Xylene) {mm Hg} = 7.00 1460.18 / (T{C} + 214.83) MXylene = 106.16 MNitrogen = 28.0 Table of Results Result Molar flow rate of the gas Partial pressure of xylene Vapor pressure of xylene at 75C Is the gas saturated? Temperature for condensation to occur at constant pressure Pressure for condensation to occur at constant 75C temperature Value Units moles/h mm Hg mm Hg Yes/No C mm Hg Points 5 5 5 5 10 5

Problem 3 (35 points) CH4 burns completely with the exact stoichiometric amount of air required. The air is supplied at 25C and 760 mm Hg, with a molal humidity of 0.025. The combustion products leave at 480C and 800 mmHg and are passed through a heat exchanger from which they emerge at 37C and 775 mm Hg. a. Draw a process diagram including all known information (5 pts) b. For the entering air, compute: 1. The absolute humidity (5 pts) 2. The relative humidity (5 pts) 3. The dew point (5 pts) c. How much water is condensed in the heat exchanger per mole of gas burned, and hence must be removed as liquid water? (7 pts) d. What is the mole fraction of the remainder gases that exit the heat exchanger? (8 pts) Additional Data: Ln (P*H20) {mm Hg} = 18.30 -3816.4 / (T{K} 46.13) Relative Humidity: PH2O / PH2O* Molal Humidity: PH2O / (P - PH2O ) = nvapor/nvapor-free gas Absolute Humidity: PH2O MH2O / ((P - PH2O ) Mdry air) = massvapor/massvapor-free gas Percentage Humidity: [PH2O / (P - PH2O )] / [PH2O*/ (P - PH2O*)]*100 = [nvapor/nvapor-free gas]/[ nvapor/nvapor-free gas]saturated*100 Table of Results Result Absolute humidity of entering air Relative humidity of entering air Dew point temperature of entering air Liquid water condensed per mole of CH4 burned Mole fraction of nitrogen exiting exchanger Mole fraction of carbon dioxide exiting exchanger Value Units dimensionless dimensionless C moles H20/moles CH4 mole fraction mole fraction Points 5 5 5 7 4 4

Problem 1 (50 points) Steam at 20 bars and 425C is used to heat a stream of methane flowing at a rate of 300 m3/min. The CH4 enters the exchanger at 100C and 5 bars and exits at 350C. Steam exits the units as saturated vapor at the same pressure. d. Draw a sketch of the process (5 pts) e. Write down an appropriate set of equations representing the mass balances. (5 pts) f. Write the energy balance indicating all the assumptions. (5 pts) g. Establish the reference states for all substances. (5pts) h. Determine the molar flow rate of methane. (5pts) i. Determine the outlet steam temperature. (5 pts) j. Determine the mass flow rate of steam. (15pts) k. Compute the volumetric flow rate of the steam exiting the system. (5pts) Additional Data: Cp CH4 (kJ/mol-K)= 0.034+5.5E-5 t(C) a) 5 pts

b)

5 pts

c)

5 pts

d) e) f) g) h)

5 pts 5 pts (gmol/min) 5 pts (C) 15 pts (Kg/min) 5 pts (m3/min)

Problem 2 (25 points) A stream of pure methanol vapor flowing at a rate of 150L/s at 120C and 1 atm enters a unit where is cooled and condensed to 30C at constant pressure. The normal heat of vaporization of methanol is 35.27 kJ/mol. Additional Data: Log10 (P*methanol) {mm Hg} = 7.87863 1473.11 / (T{C} + 230) Heat capacities for methanol in both phases are approximately: Cpliquid = 80 kJ/mol-K and Cpvapor= 45 kJ/mol-K. a) b) c) d) e) What is the state of the methanol leaving the unit? Explain. (5pts) Determine the normal boiling point of methanol. (5 pts) Determine the molar flowrate of methanol exiting the system. (5 pts) Determine the heat required for condensation in kJ/s. (5 pts) Determine the total heat exchanged in kJ/s (5pts)

a)

5 pts

b) c) d) e)

5 pts (C) 5 pts (gmol/s) 5 pts (kJ/s) 5 pts (kJ/s)

Problem 3 (25 points) Saturated steam at 100 bars is needed in a particular process. A source of super heated steam at 500C and 100 bars, as well as saturated water at the same pressure can be mixed to produce the saturated steam. a) Use the steam tables to estimate the mass ratio of super heated steam per kilogram of saturated water required to obtain saturated steam all at 100 bars. (10 pts) b) Determine the 100 bar saturated water temperature. (5 pts) c) Determine the three streams specific enthalpies. (10 pts) a) 10 pts (kg/kg) b) c) Hsat liquid Hsat Vapor HSH 5 pts (C) 10 pts (kJ/kg)

Problem 1 (50 points) A rotary dryer operating at atmospheric pressure completely dries a pharmaceutical drug originally at 75F and 1% water to a final temperature of 100F. 100 ft3/min of air flow into the rotary drier countercurrent to the drug entering the dryer at 200F dry-bulb, 90F wet-bulb temperature, and leaving at 125F with 90% relative humidity. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Draw a process diagram and label all streams. (5 pts) Calculate the pounds of dry air used in the dryer per hour? (5 pts) Calculate the humidity of the entering and exit air? (10 pts) Calculate the water removed from the drug in pounds per hour? (7.5 pts) What is the heat input to the dryer? {Btu/h} (10 pts) How much pharmaceutical drug can be produced in this process? {lb/h} (5 pts) If you are the process Engineer and when you go to check your process you find out that the exit air is only at 147F dry-bulb and 110F wet-bulb, how much of the water that could have been removed remained in the drug? (7.5 pts)

Assume that there is no heat loss from the dryer, and that the specific heat of the pharmaceutical drug and liquid water are 0.25 and 1.0 Btu/lbF, respectively and are constant throughout the process. Also, assume the dryer operates at 1 atm. The psychrometric chart liquid water reference state temperature is 32 oF. a) 5 pts

b)

5 pts (lb dry air / h)

c)

Humidity of entering air = Humidity of exit air =

10 pts (lb H2O / lb dry air) 7.5 pts (lb H2O / h) 10 pts (Btu / h) 5 pts (lb drug / h) 7.5 pts (lb H20 / h)

d) e) f) g)

Problem 2 (50 points) Ammonia (NH3) is made reacting hydrogen gas (H2) and nitrogen gas (N2). The feed consists of 1,000 kg of hydrogen gas, and 4,000 kg of nitrogen gas. The reagents enter the reactor at 50C, and the products leave at 600C with 80% conversion of the limiting reagent. a) b) c) d) e) f) Write down the balanced chemical reaction? (5 pts) Which reagent is the limiting reagent? (5 pts) What is the percentage in which the other reagent is in excess? (5 pts) What is the composition of the outlet gas? (5 pts) What is the standard heat of the reaction at 25C? (5 pts) What is the heat required or produced by the reaction under isothermal conditions at 50C? (5 pts) g) Determine the total amount of heat added to, or removed from the reactor when the products leave at 600C? (10 pts) h) If the reactor were to be operated adiabatically, what would be the final temperature of the products? (10 pts) Heat of formation at 25C kJ/kmol H2 N2 NH3 0 0 -46,190

Cp kJ/kmol C 28.84 29.00 35.15

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

5 pts 5 pts 5 pts (%) 5 pts (mole fraction) 5 pts (kJ/kgmol) 5 pts (kJ) 10 pts (kJ) 10 pts (C)