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UNIVERSJTV LIBRARIES
2.1
THEI
PRuDUCTIOU QF MACMiaiUM
TilSSIS
Presented by
Alexander N. aroesman
to the
freffident and Faculty
of
Bachelor of Science In
Chemical Engineering
1915
Approved.
^ Professor of
_-
Chemical Bngineering
introduction
of that possessed
Ijy
conditions
wftiich.imake
sucai
about it
Ihe author haff undertaken the study of the real
ilie
tjrpe
of crucible.
nc ISr^w.
(d).
(e).
(f).
the
electrolysis*
There are certain details of the process which
Alexander H, Grossman,
May 27, 1915,
ii
1^
f-
LIST OF DRAWMQS
..figure One
Figure Two
Figure 'Biree
Figure jTout
Figure Five
*.
..Figure Six
...Figure Seven ...Figure light
iii
TABIiB UF COUTllirTS
Introducti on
List of Drawings
iii
1
Bibii ograpHy
Patents
10
22
.... 29
31
34
,
Preliminary Jiixperiments
The Type of Oell
36
37
44
48
Summary . ..
...
.....-.-
iv
BlBLIOGRAPiiY
"Annaien"
82- -137
electrolyte.
Jiidgar
A. AschCTOft.
143.
Apri 190B.
Slectrolytes".
There
U, Bab or V sky.
July 28,1906.
Magnesium An ode e
"
THE PfiODUOTION OP
MAOi^SSlUiia
BY SLBOTROLYSIS
Bertram Blount
Practical iilectro-Chemiatry
"
1901
He give a deecription
i>r.
W. Borchers.
"
"
1904
THE PHODUOTIOJS Of
MAOJiiiiiSIUM
BY ELSCTttOLYSIS.
of the difficulties of
the process,
a large amount of work with fused salt as the electrolyte and nis work may be considered
1863
67
347
The
Jtlectro-chemistry
"
1907
THjU PRODLTUTIOjm
of MAG-MBSIUM by JiiLiCTROLYSIS
xienry U\
"
Sones:.
uutlines in i;lectro-uhemistry"
A book
the subject
of electrolysis.
J, 0. Mattniessen
"
"
107
J "
aiectro-
iiiietallurgy"
1908
iff
the means of
A short
THB
PRODUiffTiOlI OF
luAGMSlUM BY SLHrOTROLYSIS.
Ttie
heat.
chamber,
ed separately.
Liquid
seals keep all parts gas tight and the fused salt
is generally ured for
this purpose,
iieat
losses
"
1905
T HB PRODQUTIOIJ OP laACiUBSlUM
BY BLSCTRuLYSIS
M. Mabrovsicy
magnesium.
b or on
Henry Moissan
"
'
Vol. 3
1906
ne
which it forms.
ur.
"
felix Oettal.
"
Exercises in Blectro-Ohemistry
1897
THB PRODaCTIOU OF
liaAGjiiBSIuM if?
SLIGTROLYSIS.
"
1913
He spends
off
the process
i)r.
Felix uettal
VoJ.2
a.
"
'Si.
A Treatise on Uhemistry
tie
many
as?
TOI PROSUOTIOII Of
MA,Oj!4SSIjM
B7 JilLGTR0LY9XS
flrwin S,
Sperry
Vol, 2
1907
lidJi
E,
it.
JjTary
"
"
1886
Vierter Band
on
magnesium, its
thorough.
F.
"
a, Wlechman
iiotes
on Elect ro-Ohemistry
"
1906
Jie
gives
10
THI SaOuUiiTlsm UF
mkQji'&SlUk.. iBi
liLJUTHuXTSlS
A. wlniiier.
'
"
The work
/orics.
Magnesium chloride
Potassium chloride
41.66^
32.66^
Sodium Chloride
25.66^
THl PfiOilUGTiQN OF
n/iAGiiiBSlUM
BY JLLBtTTROLYSIS
S.
L.
RoDerts
An Jilectroiytic cell
"
i/itoere
ij"
of some refractory
gases.
There is a
gravity
wotlc..
uo information
"M" and
"]J"
112
in the electrolysis:
Littiium Fluoride
120 parts
Magnesium Oxide
Sddiura Chloride
20 parts
40 parts
Ammonium Chloride
Magnesium Chloride..
Magnesium
jj'luoride
20 parts
10 parts
80 parts
with oxygen.
Jii.
A. Touceda.
"
Anti*Priction Alloy
"
Magnesium
Cadmium
Lead
.....0.10% -5.00/o
10 . 00^
85%- 89.90 %
>
13
Heinrich Graetg-el
"
An Electrolytic Gell"
ideas.
The melting
several flues.
cup.
Reducing gases
are led into the cell through "0" and talcen out
at
"Q,",
14
electrode.
operation.
Figure Two,
M, Ra then berg
"
Ihe alloy-
L^.
0.
potassium chloride,
16
JliLlfiOTROLYSIS.
iff
tiarium
ii,
0.
Magnesium fluoride
Lithium fluoride Ualcium fluoride
Magnesium
THE PRODUCTION
Off
MAGITBSIUM BY BLBGTROLTSIS
U-.
0.
electrolyte.
The magnesium
Instead of the
Magnesium oxy-
G, 0. Sewsrd and
F.
von-
Kugelchen
it
18
fluoride state.
The reaction:
Mgp2--CaCl2
Ur,
fi).
Seward and
F.
von Kugelchen
temperature,
ihey propose
'm
I?'
19
TdJt PRODUOTIOJif
OP
MAGinESIUiii
BY aUiCTROLYSIS
Magnesium chxoTide
Potassium chloride
..5
parts
parts
Barium chloride ..
ITie
35 parts
la.
0.
Seward and
F..
von Kugelchen
First,
iietal as aluminum.
a consecutive dissociation,
dissolution and
20
In this
50^-60^), it is
21
THE PROjjUOTION uP
jiflAaiTBSI JM
BY ELECTROLYSIS,
A large part
electrolyte
9sncj
22
E YSIOAL
MB
CHEMICAL PROPIRTIBS OP
it is
malleable,,
it can
susceptible to polishing,
1..75,
its
specific gravity is
its conductivity is
bums
Its heat of
It not
OTL'^CC
23
THJli
PRoDjCTIOH op
iOj&JilESIUM
BY ELBlCTROLYSiS.
the nitride.
Magnesium can
He attempted
not be won.
In 1352, Bunsen, the great chemist and
first
A clay pipe
leak through
this work,
theE
The
til
BlaiiOTROLTSiS
cataode and
at the anode,
SiimmiSMH
/T^c//-
rather slowly until about laSI, when much experimental work was started both in united
States and Uerraany.
No work was done tending
Figure
used by
on the
27
arti
is packed in asbestos coverings "b" so that the msiximum heat will be retained in thet cell.
It is heated by the burner itself and is covered
THE fRuDJCTlOjy uF
metallic magnesium,
TSieir
work is mainly
on the
29
SCOTSiOlLIO
VALU3
pfTOcesff.
The
30
THl PRODUOTION OF
cropper,. geriKin
MAGISTBIBIUM
BY ELEOTROLTSIS.A
Its
aasilv corroded,
ffy
wn
r f/t
*cm^
BXPSRIMBUTAL WORK
(KOl)
)
Its
u-o
MgOIg
...53.14^
2..69^
M0
KGLl
.... 43.09^
FeEClj
1.04^
rf.-
32
THJ PRODUCTION OP
MAO]!JieEIUM
BY BLBCTROLYSIS.
again.
being eliminated.
this time.
onljr
is addied.
It
Tf not added,
H2O
-^
MgO
--
2Hait
MgO+ 2]m4ai
-^ MgCl2-^H20-i- 2IIH3
t^^e
bath, it
33
MgS04-^
Mff
-^
2M0--SO2
MgO + no
-^
SO2
All
The
fused material
'ivhen
34
Prelimineprr ffixperiments.
In all this
A 1/2" carbon
saw
ttisri
erfT
LtJ
ju
od
35
OJP
MCHHSIUM BY ILBOTROLYSIS*
The heat of the Meker burner
the anx)d.
s-o
as to
to the amount of
heat necessary
to carrv on the eledtrolysis,. and to see whether it could be best carried on in the semi-fluid
or the molten condition,.
=ad
(r
36
number of runs as
crucible "A" is of
is
The
cafft
It is covered with a
tiie
cell
air-tight.
leapt in
The
37
(Jeneral Experiments.
In the next experiments,
plaster paris.
the current was allowed to pass for one hour and then
38
The
Upon
complete combustion of the magnesium which had been formed by the electrolytic action and floated
ae
utd
/)f?r
r.'
^rrr;.
r.r.
39
Table
40
on
it.
About
full heat
At the start,
Table Two..
;J--11
.:\t
eP
..c
:dJ
r^ijC'
41
Table Two
Charge,.
.il'
42
Uo
eaten
ut)
metallic magnesium, not even in the small globular form were found. However, the author found that the
im
chloride,
43
Table Threa
Charge*
300 grams of fused salt
44
Thie by itself,
many authors.
float.
In this thesis, the author has attempted to
Powdered char-
It is the
reducing medium*
respect..
Tnese
There structure
light brown.
ctn
eisffj
-^niivtix&
46
Magnesium oxide
is
the metal
..
47
had an action
on it
tending to corrode it
48
chloride.
49
not be great.
not does he
belie'^^e
rasike
furnaceiji
but if it is
study
50
THJt