Advanced TechnicaI Reference

DgSLENT PowerFactory
Version 13.0
PubIisher:
DgSLENT GmbH
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D-72810 Gomaringen
Tel : (07072)9168-0
Fax : (07072)9168-88
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www.digsilent.de
Copyright DIgSILENT GmbH.
All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form without
permission of the publisher.
doc 103 10 29 982
Contents
1 ControIIer ModeIs 2
1.1 Voltage Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Power system Stabilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.3 Primary Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.4 Prime Movers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1.5 Motor Driven Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
1.6 Static Var System Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Advanced Technical Reference 1
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
ControIIer ModeIs
As is explained in the section DSL and Composite Models of the advanced
reference manual, a power system component can be 'dressed up' with
additional models to make a composite model. Such a composite model
connects two or more mathematical blocks such as machine models, load
models, comparators, logic diagrams, controller models, etc.
The DIgSILENT software uses a exible hierarchical design technique for
composite models, in which the so called 'DSL primitives' are the smallest
building blocks. These DSL primitives are used to build more complex block
diagrams ('blockdef' objects). The DIgSILENT software is shipped with a
predened set of DSL primitives and complex block diagrams, but the user is
free to create new ones, or to copy and alter the predened controllers.
The general structure of a composite model is shown in detail in Fig. 1.1.
sym slot
ElmSym*
pmu slot
ElmPmu*
vco slot
ElmVco*
G
~
POWER SYSTEM COMPOSTE MODEL FRAME
ELMDSL
COMPLEX BLOCKDEF OBJECT
DSL PRMTVE BLOCKDEF
ELMSYM
OTHER COMPLEX BLOCKDEF OBJECT
COMPOSTE MODEL
ElmSym slot
PMU slot
VCO slot
Block definition
or
DSL PRMTVE BLOCKDEF
ELMVCO_16
Param_2
Param_3
13.6
0.04
[T1] = 's'
limits(T1) = (0,)
x1. = (xe-x1)/T1
y = K*x1
inc(x1) = y/K
inc(xe) = y/K
[T1] = 's'
limits(T1) = (0,)
x1. = (xe-x1)/T1
y = K*x1
inc(x1) = y/K
inc(xe) = y/K
Pt1
Type : Pt1
Figure 1.1: Composite Model Denition Structure
In the composite model structure, a composite model object is used to ll the
slots of a composite model frame, either with a EImDsI model, which uses a
DSL primitive or a complex block diagram, either with a 'hard-wired' controller
model. n the example of Fig. 1.1, the PMU slot of the composite model is lled
Advanced Technical Reference 2
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
with a EImDsI model, and the VCO slot with the hard-wired EImVco 16
controller. The EImDsI object is used to set the parameters of the DSL primitive
or complex controller. The hard-wired controllers come with their own edit dialog,
which is alike the dialogs for other 'hard-wired' models like the synchronous
machine or the busbar models.
The hard-wired controller models have been included in the DIgSILENT
PowerFactory software to ensure the upwards compatibility from earlier
versions..
1.1 VoItage ControIIers
The voltage controller models are provided for synchronous generator excitation
regulation purposes. The output of the voltage controllers/exiters is the
excitation voltage l
cvv:
. The equations of the synchronous machines have been
derived such that l
cvv:
. p.u. is true for nominal terminal voltage under no
load conditions. This must be noticed in order to specify the voltage controller
limitations correctly.
Those voltage controller models which have an additional input signal l
j::
may
be combined with a power system stabilizer model.
Advanced Technical Reference 3
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.1 VCO type 1
Controlled rectier system with terminal potential supply and additional
compound input signal.
r_mx
pss
U
,k
,k
k
ir
k
ur
ii
ui
- sV
1 + s T
st
ss
setp
vm
1 + s T
1
-
U
U
r_mn
+
spp
U
V
s T
spi
1
fdmx
E
fdmn
1 + s T
E
err
1
errs
U
Figure 1.2: VCO type 1
Advanced Technical Reference 4
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.2 VCO type 2
Rotating rectier excitation system (brushless) with exciter saturation (e.g.
Westinghouse up to 1967)
Figure 1.3: VCO type 2
Advanced Technical Reference 5
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.3 VCO type 3
Controlled rectier system with terminal potential supply; ceiling voltage
proportional to generator terminal voltage
Figure 1.4: VCO type 3
1.1.4 Notes
l
na
l
vna
l
l
na
l
vnia
l
Advanced Technical Reference 6
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.5 VCO type 4
Controlled rectier system with terminal potential supply; ceiling voltage
depending from generator terminal voltage and exciter current.
Figure 1.5: VCO type 4
1.1.6 Notes
NL1
_
Cn:
ca
< C
&vna
l
vnoa
l
v na
Cn:
ca
C
&vna
l
vnoa
l
v na
NL2 Cn:
ca
< l
vna
Advanced Technical Reference 7
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.7 VCO type 5
Controlled rectier system with terminal potential independent supply; two
regulator stabilizers.
Figure 1.6: VCO type 5
Advanced Technical Reference 8
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.8 VCO type 6
Controlled rectier system with terminal potential supply; ceiling voltage
depending from generator terminal voltage and exciter current.
Figure 1.7: VCO type 6
1.1.9 Notes
NL Cn:
ca
< l
vna
Advanced Technical Reference 9
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.10 VCO type 7
Rotating rectier system with xed saturation and supply; ceiling voltage
depending from generator terminal voltage and exciter current.
Figure 1.8: VCO type 7
Advanced Technical Reference 10
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.11 VCO type 8
Controlled rectier system with terminal potential supply; ceiling voltage
depending from generator terminal voltage and exciter current.
Figure 1.9: VCO type 8
1.1.12 Notes
NL
_
l
cnoa
l1
)Jna
1
C
C
&vca
l
cnia
l1
)Jna
1
C
C
&vca
Advanced Technical Reference 11
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.13 VCO type 9
Static excitation system with terminal potential and current supply.
Figure 1.10: VCO type
1.1.14 Notes
NL1
_

_
C
via
< 1 1
ca
1 C
via
C
via
1 1
ca
1 1 C
via
else 1
ca
1 C
via
1 1
NL2 1
ca

C
&vca
\
c

Advanced Technical Reference 12

DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.15 VCO type 10
BBC - Unitrol static excitation system with terminal potential supply.
Figure 1.11: VCO type 10
1.1.16 Notes
NL1
_
l
vnoa
l l
v na
l
vnia
l l
v na
NL2
_
1
)noa
l 1
)Jna
1
)nia
l 1
)Jna
Advanced Technical Reference 13
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.17 VCO type 11
Rheostatic excitation system (noncontinuous) like Westinghouse BJ30 or G.E.
GFA4.
Figure 1.12: VCO type 11
Advanced Technical Reference 14
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.18 VCO type 12
Static excitation system with terminal potential supply.
Figure 1.13: VCO type 12
1.1.19 Notes
NL
_
1
)noa
l 1
)Jna
1
)nia
l 1
)Jna
Advanced Technical Reference 15
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.20 VCO type 13
Controlled rectier system with terminal voltage independent supply; two
regulator stabilizers.
Figure 1.14: VCO type 13
Advanced Technical Reference 16
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.21 VCO type 14
Controlled rectier system with terminal voltage independent supply.
Figure 1.15: VCO type 14
Advanced Technical Reference 17
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.22 VCO type 15
Excitation control system with dependence on generator reactive power.
Figure 1.16: VCO type 15
Advanced Technical Reference 18
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.23 VCO type 16
Excitation control system with simplied exciter.
Figure 1.17: VCO type 16
Advanced Technical Reference 19
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.24 VCO type 18
Two-step excitation control system.
Figure 1.18: VCO type 18
Advanced Technical Reference 20
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.25 VCO type 19
Excitation control system with boundary control.
Figure 1.19: VCO type 19
1.1.26 Notes
NL
_

_
l < l
c na
1
i
l l
c na
1
i
l < l
:ca:
1
i
Advanced Technical Reference 21
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.27 VCO type 20
Excitation control system with additional exiter current input.
Figure 1.20: VCO type 20
Advanced Technical Reference 22
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.28 VCO type 21
Excitation control system - russian system typ .
Figure 1.21: VCO type 21
Advanced Technical Reference 23
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.29 VCO type 22
Excitation control system for diesel power station.
Figure 1.22: VCO type 22
Advanced Technical Reference 24
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.30 VCO type 23
Excitation control system EEE typ AC2.
Figure 1.23: VCO type 23
Advanced Technical Reference 25
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.31 VCO type 24
Excitation control system - russian system typ .
Figure 1.24: VCO type 24
Advanced Technical Reference 26
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.1.32 VCO type 27
Excitation control system typ EEEX1.
Figure 1.25: VCO type 27
1.2 Power system StabiIizers
The power system stabilizer can only be used together with a voltage controller
which has an additional input signal l
j::
. The PSS output signal is in most cases
mixed, in one way or the other, with the voltage controller setpoint.
Advanced Technical Reference 27
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.2.1 PSS type 1
Stabilizer with input signals for
speed
electrical frequency
electrical power
terminal voltage
Figure 1.26: PSS type 1
Advanced Technical Reference 28
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.2.2 PSS type 2
Stabilizer with input signals for
speed
electrical frequency
electrical power
turbine power
valve position
terminal voltage
Figure 1.27: PSS type 2
Advanced Technical Reference 29
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.2.3 PSS type 3
Stabilizer with input signal for
electrical power
Type .
Figure 1.28: PSS type 3
Advanced Technical Reference 30
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.2.4 PSS type 4
Stabilizer with input signal for
electrical power
Type .

Figure 1.29: PSS type 4

1.3 Primary ControIIers
The primary controller unit is the regulating device which controls the prime
mover output, thus controlling the energy ow to the generator.
The primary controllers, together with the prime mover units (PMU), mimic the
mechanical part of power plants.
A PCO in general has inputs for
the turbine rotational speed
the system frequency
the electrical generator power
However, depending on the regulation principles, other signals may be used, like
the burner temperature of a gas turbine.
The output of the PCO is the physical signal which is responsible for the steady
state energy ow. Typical signals are the valve-square of the turbine valves or
the combustion ow of a gas turbine.
Advanced Technical Reference 31
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.1 PCO type 1
Speed controller with additional frequency shifted power setpoint (PD controller
type).
Figure 1.30: PCO type 1
Advanced Technical Reference 32
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.2 PCO type 2
Mechanical speed controller for hydraulic turbines.
Figure 1.31: PCO type 2
Advanced Technical Reference 33
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.3 PCO type 3
Speed controller with static and transient droop.
Figure 1.32: PCO type 3
Advanced Technical Reference 34
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.4 PCO type 4
Speed controller with static and transient droop.
Figure 1.33: PCO type 4
Advanced Technical Reference 35
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.5 PCO type 6
Gasturbine speed and power controller with static and transient droop and
temperature limitation. Type .
Figure 1.34: PCO type 6
1.3.6 Notes
NL

|)|
.
Advanced Technical Reference 36
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.7 PCO type 7
Gasturbine speed controller with static droop and temperature limitation. Type .
Figure 1.35: PCO type 7
1.3.8 Notes
NL
_

_
<
|
. . 1
|

|
< 1
|
l
j
1
|
1
|
.
1
|

|
< 1
|
l
j
1
|
1
|
.

|
1
|
l
j
1
|
1
|
.
Advanced Technical Reference 37
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.9 PCO type 8
Gasturbine speed and power controller with static droop and temperature
limitation. Type .
Figure 1.36: PCO type 8
1.3.10 Notes
NL

|)|
.
Advanced Technical Reference 38
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.11 PCO type 9
Speed and power controller with secondary control input.
Figure 1.37: PCO type 9
Advanced Technical Reference 39
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.12 PCO type 10
Speed controller for diesel units.

Figure 1.38: PCO type 10

Advanced Technical Reference 40
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.13 PCO type 11
Woodward UG 8/x droop controller for diesel units.

Figure 1.39: PCO type 11

Advanced Technical Reference 41
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.14 PCO type 13
Simple primary controller of second order.

Figure 1.40: PCO type 13

Advanced Technical Reference 42
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.15 PCO type 14
Voith electro-hydraulic controller for hydraulic turbines.

Figure 1.41: PCO type 14

Advanced Technical Reference 43
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.3.16 PCO type 17
Detailed gas turbine controller.
Figure 1.42: PCO type 17
1.4 Prime Movers
The Prime Mover Unit, together with the Primary Controller, comprises the
mechanical part of a power plant model. ts output is generally the turbine power.
Advanced Technical Reference 44
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.4.1 PMU type 1
Thermal double reheat turbine with steam storage.
Figure 1.43: PMU type 1
1.4.2 Notes

|)IJ

|)aJ

|)nJ
intermediate turbine ratio

|)IJ

|)nJ

|)aJ
Advanced Technical Reference 45
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.4.3 PMU type 2
Thermal double reheat turbine with steam storage and burner control with heat
transfer (xed pressure control).
Figure 1.44: PMU type 2
1.4.4 Notes

|)nJ

|)IJ

|)aJ
intermediate turbine ratio

|)IJ

|)nJ

|)aJ
Advanced Technical Reference 46
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.4.5 PMU type 4
Thermal double reheat turbine with steam storage and burner control with heat
transfer (xed pressure control; 2nd model).
Figure 1.45: PMU type 4
1.4.6 Notes

|)nJ

|)IJ

|)aJ
intermediate turbine ratio

|)IJ

|)nJ

|)aJ
Advanced Technical Reference 47
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.4.7 PMU type 5
Gasturbine model with temperature burner pressure dynamic.
Figure 1.46: PMU type 5
Advanced Technical Reference 48
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.4.8 PMU type 6
Nonlinear hydraulic turbine model without waterhammer dynamic.
Figure 1.47: PMU type 6
Advanced Technical Reference 49
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.4.9 PMU type 7
Nonlinear hydraulic turbine model with waterhammer dynamic and turbine
efciency.
Figure 1.48: PMU type 7
Advanced Technical Reference 50
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.4.10 PMU type 8
Small signal gasturbine model.
Figure 1.49: PMU type 8
1.4.11 Notes
`1 1
|
1
o
1

1
o
Advanced Technical Reference 51
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.4.12 PMU type 10
Small signal gasturbine model (type 3).
Figure 1.50: PMU type 10
Advanced Technical Reference 52
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.4.13 PMU type 15
Nonlinear hydraulic turbine with waterhamer dynamic.
Figure 1.51: PMU type 15
Advanced Technical Reference 53
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.4.14 PMU type 17
Gasturbine unit.
Figure 1.52: PMU type 17
1.5 Motor Driven Machines
All types of motor driven machine models may be used in connection with a
synchronous or an asynchronous motor. The typical connection in a composite
frame is shown in Fig. 1.53.
asm slot
ElmAsm*
mdm Slot
ElmMdm*
xmdm speed
sym slot
ElmSym*
mdm Slot
ElmMdm*
xmdm speed
Figure 1.53: Use of a Motor Driven Machine
The input of the motor driven machine is the speed of the motor, speed in p.u.,
and its output is the MDM-Torque, xmdm in p.u.
Advanced Technical Reference 54
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.5.1 MDM type 1
r:d: :d:|j :jccd
nJnca
Advanced Technical Reference 55
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.5.2 MDM type 3
mechanical torque
Tm
speed S
Sm Sx Ss |p.u.|
Tx
Alf1
xkmm
Alf2
exp2 exp1
Figure 1.54: MDM type 3
1.5.3 Notes
o: :|ij:
1
A
_

_
o o: 1
A
o o: 1
A
1
A
.
_
r/:: |) r/::
_

o
o:
_
caj
_
1
A
.
_
r/:: |) r/::
_
o o:
o:
_
caj
_

|)
will be calculated from initial conditions if machine is running.

|)
will be taken from input data for motor startup.
To calculate the exponent 1rj from two given points of the curve, please use
the following formula:
crj
1r r/::
SaSn
Sn
Advanced Technical Reference 56
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.5.4 MDM type 5
1
A
. torque speed . load
The torque(speed) characteristic is user dened. The load will be calculated from
initial conditions if machine is running, or from the input data for motor startup.
1.6 Static Var System ControIIers
The SVS controllers are used in a composite SVS model to lter the controlled
voltage. The output of the SVS controller, l
::
, has to translated by a SVS
interface controller which then changes the setpoint of the SVS device.
Advanced Technical Reference 57
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.6.1 SVS ControIIer Type 1
Figure 1.55: SVS controller Type 1
Notes
o
:j
and o
:j
are power system stabilizer signals.
Advanced Technical Reference 58
DgSLENT PowerFactory Controller Models
1.6.2 SVS ControIIer Type 2
Figure 1.56: SVS controller Type 2
Advanced Technical Reference 59
Index
Advanced Technical Reference
Index
Controllers
Motor Driven Machines, 54
Primary Controllers, 31
Prime Mover, 44
PS Stabilizers, 27
SVS controller, 57
Voltage, 3
ElmMdm, 54
ElmMdm 1, 55
ElmMdm 3, 56
ElmMdm 5, 57
ElmPco, 31
ElmPco 1, 32
ElmPco 10, 40
ElmPco 11, 41
ElmPco 13, 42
ElmPco 14, 43
ElmPco 17, 44
ElmPco 2, 33
ElmPco 3, 34
ElmPco 4, 35
ElmPco 6, 36
ElmPco 7, 37
ElmPco 8, 38
ElmPco 9, 39
ElmPmu, 44
ElmPmu 1, 45
ElmPmu 10, 52
ElmPmu 15, 53
ElmPmu 17, 54
ElmPmu 2, 46
ElmPmu 4, 47
ElmPmu 5, 48
ElmPmu 6, 49
ElmPmu 7, 50
ElmPmu 8, 51
ElmPss, 27
ElmPss 1, 28
ElmPss 2, 29
ElmPss 3, 30
ElmPss 4, 31
ElmSvs, 57
ElmSvs 1, 58
ElmSvs 2, 59
ElmVco, 3
ElmVco 1, 4
ElmVco 10, 13
ElmVco 11, 14
ElmVco 12, 15
ElmVco 13, 16
ElmVco 14, 17
ElmVco 15, 18
ElmVco 16, 19
ElmVco 18, 20
ElmVco 19, 21
ElmVco 2, 5
ElmVco 20, 22
ElmVco 21, 23
ElmVco 22, 24
ElmVco 23, 25
ElmVco 24, 26
ElmVco 27, 27
ElmVco 3, 6
ElmVco 4, 7
ElmVco 5, 8
ElmVco 6, 9
ElmVco 7, 10
ElmVco 8, 11
ElmVco 9, 12
MDM, 54
Motor driven machine, 54
PCO, 31
PMU, 44
Power System Stabilizers, 27
Primary Controllers, 31
Prime mover unit, 44
Advanced Technical Reference
PSS, 27
Stabilizers, 27
Static Var System Controllers, 57
SVS, 57
VCO, 3
Voltage control
SVS controllers, 57
Voltage Controllers, 3
Advanced Technical Reference