AE2013

Raghav Jaswal

Comparison between Land-based and Carrier-borne aircraft

Assignment set by: Dr Alex Ellin Lecturer marking work: Dr Alex Ellin Module leader: Dr J Wang

Raghav Jaswal K1041079 Aerospace Engineering Design & Performance

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AE2013

Raghav Jaswal

This assignment requires the student to compare set of given aircrafts on the basis of power loading or commonly known as thrust loading and Wing loading. Recording, observing and tabulating the results will show the comparison between these aircrafts and what specific features of the plane are the ways they are and what differentiates them from one another. The following table shows the 13 set planes to be compared: Airbus A320-200 Airbus A340-200 Airbus A280-800 Boeing747 -400ER Boeing 767 -400ER Boeing E-3 Sentry Aermacchi MB-339 DC-10 Series 30 Antonov AN-72P Hawker Hunter BAE Hawk T Mk1 Hawker Haarier FRS2 MD F -15E

Subsequently a general comparison of these aircrafts is as follow:

Wing Area (m^2) 122.4 363.1 845 541.16 290.7 279.64 19.3 367.7 98.53 32.42 16.69 18.68 56.5 Wing Loading Engine Thrust (kg/sq m) Thrust (kN) loading(kg/kN) MTO (kg) 600.5 111.2 3.02 73500 698.15 138.8 2.19 253500 662.7 2.16 560000 733.4 2.78 396895 552.3 2.1 156490 54.33 93.4 2.45 15193 294 575.4 380.6 333 464.65 636 550.5 17.79 218 63.74 45.2 23.75 95.6 129.4 4.04 2.52 3.4 4.18 3.06 8.05 7.04 4400 259450 37500 10796 7755 11880 36741

Aircraft A320-200 A340-200 A380-800 B747-400ER B767-400ER B E3 Sentry Aermacchi MB-339 DC-10 Series 30 Antonov AN-72P Hawker Hunter BAE Hawk T MK1 Hawker Harrier FRS2 MD F-15E

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AE2013

Raghav Jaswal

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AE2013

Raghav Jaswal

Through the following graph we can see that how different aircrafts with different wing loadings co-relate. We can note from the graph above that B E3 sentry has low wing loading and thrust loading due to its usage as a force craft it carries limited amount of fuel and thus limiting its range, subsequently the aircraft doesnt require carrying a lot of load or either travel fast. A complete inverse to the earlier craft is the Harrier Hawker FRS2 with a fighter role and due to such role in the force it requires higher thrust loading to acquire supersonic speeds and due to its high speed maneuvers the wings experience a lot of load on the wings. Very similar is MD F-15E with such similar role but lowered forces. The Hawker hunter requiring low thrust loading but higher wing loading due to its role as an aerobatic aircraft, thus requiring withstanding mild G-forces. Aermacchi MB-339 and BAE Hawk T MK1 pretty much lie in same category but with different wing loading yet again due to its need to withstand heavy G-forces. However the Antonov AN-72P being a huge aircraft needs comparatively higher thrust force and parallel wing loading. From the graph its fairly easy to note that all the civil jets such as A320-200, B747-400, A380, DC-10 lie in the lower right region of the graph, what this debriefs in that all the civil jets are made to carry maximum load possible but by compromising the thrust load. The B747-400 being the one to have maximum wing loading, an example of it is easily backed up by the fact NASA using 747 to carry one of its shuttles, but yet again due to its role, not requiring mach or closer to mach speed the thrust loading in somewhat minimal. The A320 being a rather smaller and lighter aircraft requires less wing loading and has a somewhat higher thrust. Talking about maneuverability we can easily see that higher the wing loading lower the maneuverability, wings generate lift by moving the air over the wing surface. Larger the wing hence move more air, so a large wing areas will relatively have more lift at a specific speed, therefore any aircraft with a lower wing loading can take off and land at lower speeds and take-off or land with bigger load. So from all the values what we can see that, lower the wing loading, less power needed to push the weight. Speed is also a factor here; we know lift increases by square of velocity, so twice the speed four times the lift, so therefore to push something twice the speed you need four times the power.

Referencing
John W. R Taylor (1989). Jane's all the world's aircraft. 1989-90. London: Jane's Information Group.

John W. R Taylor (1989-2011). Jane's all the world's aircraft. 1989-90, Janes 1991-1992, Janes 1995-1996, Janes 2010-2011, Janes, 2009-2010, Janes, 19751976, Janes, 1982 1983, 1995 1996, Janes, 11 12. . London, England: Jane's Information Group. Page | 4 K1041079