Qo SECURITY MANUAL, ‘ VOLUME III Airport © curity, Organization, Pro: © .mme and Design .equirementsVolume ll-2 Security Manual - Doc8973/7 Table of content Table of content.. AIRPORT SECURITY AND ORGANIZATION. Introduction . Alrpott Security Commitioe Airport Security Programme. Airport Security Authority. General principles - Airport design. Airport threat and risk assessment. AIRPORT SECURITY PROGRAMME... General i ‘Objective of the ASP... Scope of the ASP. Legal Basis. AIRPORT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. Planning criteria Site evaluation and layout of facilities ‘Access to Apo... Alport Parking... ‘Support operations General aviation : Airside development... Vulnerable points. Ainport installations. Air Navigation facies Air Traffic Tower: Al Navigation Aids 0... Air Navigation Systems ‘Cargo faites. ae Catering, cleaning and mail han | facies a Power supply... . Water supaly Fuel Fart Maintenance facilities Emergencies and crisis management. Isolated aircraft parking position Emergency Operations Centre (E00) Security Service Facility (SSF)... Other Crisis Management Facil Press and Media (P&M) ROOM enn Telephone Information Centre (TIC) and Rest and Debriefing Centre (FOG)... Terminal protection. 7 Passenger security system., Hypothesis... Real Operational Figures Security equipment Hold Baggage Screening. Off Aiport Screening... : 7 Siorile Terminal. ‘Airport Design, Organization and Programme VUGuidance material on ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices Volume it, Airport Design, Organization and Programme Doc 8973/7 ‘Seourily Screening before Check-in : eee: ‘Screening In Front Of Check-In with Conventional % Alay Systems. et eee aaa Screening During Check-In... Seen erect a Security Screening in Make-up Area... 48 APPENDIX Ill-1 AIRPORT SECURITY PROGRAMME STRUCTURE .. Organization and Responsibilities General ‘port organizational structure Airport Seourty Manager. Aiport Security Department Law enforcement authority... Alport users . ‘Aitpon Security Committee Classification of materials. soo Distribution of ASP pene Distribution of security documents and reports Communications, Physical Characteristics and Facilities. Description of airport property and facilities Landside — public areas Airside ~ landsice boundaries .. Cargo, mail and catering facilties Maintenance areas... ‘ipo operations and orparizatons Exclusive areas Passenger terminal(s) Passenger screening points (PSPs) and sterle areas. Border ControvCustoms/immigration areas. ‘port design or modification. itport Security ~ Restricted Areas and Access Controls Designation of restricted areas... Responsibiltes for restricted areas Boundaries and perimeter access control points Air traffic services facilities, communication and navig Limitation of acoess conirol points. oe eye ree art Escort and challenge procedures. Vehicle pass system... Screening of Stat Inspection of vehicles. Issuance of access cards.. Key and lock controls ‘Security equipment. General aviation... (Check-in and travel docu Border controle Screening of Passengers and Cabin Baggage -... Responsibility. Description of Screening Control Procedures / Peassangor Szroning ob Description of screening equipment. Screening procedures Security sat ‘Separation of screened and unscreened passengers Handling of prohibited items. Conirol of firearms and weapons ign SSSSVSseReesenausseeass Volume WaVolume il - 4 Security Manual ~ Doc8973/7 Diplomatic pouches and government couriers. Special category passengers. General aviation Hold Baggage Screening. Responsibility Description of screening locations Description of equipment. Beszspon coed baguage Scoeningprocdurs. Security stat Passenger and hold baggage reconciliation. ‘Access to the baggage make-up area Baggage reclaim areas Mishandled baggage... Screening of Goods to bs Sold or Distributed. Responsibly... Known suppers Bonded goods... Cargo and Mail Flosponsibiity Protection of cargo and mail Security of Catering, Stores and Suppiies Security of Aircraft Responses to acts of uniawiul Training .. ‘Security awareness taining Security training Recruitment and background checks... Security training programme Quality Control: Supervision and Performance Monitoring - Appendices APPENDIX IIL2 AIRPORT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. Introduction Airport perimeter protection. Fences. Perimeter iniruder detection systems (PIDS) Security Lighting enn Types of security lighting Terminal Protection. Terminal building (landsice areas). Passenger terminal buiding.... ‘Secured passenger flows, Physical secunty of buildings Passengers Security Systems Hypothesis... Passport Conirol Departure. Positioning of the Passenger Screening Points (PSPs)... Centralized Passenger Screening Points (PSPs) ‘Semi-centralzed Passenger Screening Points (PSPs). Deoentratzad Passenger Screening Poin (PSPs) Formulae Fluctuation Flexibility... Summary... Pasuonger Screening Point (PSP) Design Hypothesis. csv a “Airport Design, Organization and ProgrammeGuidance material on ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices Volume ll. Airport Design, Organization and Programme Caleulation, Space requirements for PSPS... Staif requirements for PSPs, ‘ Budget lor PSPs. : Emergency Operstions Contre (EOC) and | Seourty Service Factity (SSF). General Location, Design Communication Equipment. General Equipment Staffing Exercise and Tasting APPENDIX Il-3 INTRUDER DETECTION SYSTEMS AND CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION. 93 Intruder Detection Systems. General, Installation System components. Detection sensors. “Types of sensor. Control panet Event lop... Alarm display. Alarm signaling Installation wiring Reaction fo162 Setting and unseiting.... Sysiem management Installation and maintenance Access coniral panel Access to sensors Waik-test lights. Testing... Event logs ALBIS Refurbishment of buildings. Closed Circuit Television Operational requirements... Site survey... Video recording Video movement detection systems CCTV commissioning and audit test methodology Befaions and Minimum Standards Coverage... Target visibility... Target image height Sysiem response time. Emergency perimeter exit poiats.. APPENDIX Ill-4 ACCESS CONTROL... Access control points nmin Gates.. Automatic access control systems (AACS) ‘Advantages of an AACS. Disadvantages of an AAGS, ‘Seourity criteria... i: Volume W-5Volume tl 6 Secunty Manual ~ Doc8973/7 Hands-free AACS.. Biometric systems... Planning of AACS sysiam Maintenance and training System security aa Physical security of buildings Doors. Grilles and shutters Wide-angle optical viewer... Windows.. Glazing Double glazing, Roofs... Roof doors nn Sylobisfahs, ‘oot lights, Downpipes. Sunken outside areas, Parkinglloading bays Pubic uliltes, Terminal giazing Failure mechanisms of glass types Protection against flying glass. Transparent polyester anti-shatter fir, Bomb biast net curtains... APPENDIX III‘5 PLANNING CENTRALIZED HOLD BAGGAGE SYSTEM FACILITIES. Tratfic Characteristics ae : Passengers Traific Flows a se Baggage types ... i i. Forecasts of demand for planning... Genoral Airports constraints ‘Space requirements and location issues Alport structures Check-in isiands and zones Existing handling faclities and operaiion modes Operational issues. HBS taciliies issues... Equipment detection paiformance HBS facities - throughput and reject rates. Space requirements... ‘Size and weight of securily equipment. Equipment operating environment Equipment operational specifications. Staff issues... Combined Technologies. Oo ‘Aiport Design, Organization and ProgramineUO Guidance material on ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices Volume ill, Airport Design, Organization and Programme Doe 8973/7 Airport Security and Organization Proper Aviation Security is based on a systemic approach with three main pillars: Design, infrastructures and equipment (developed in present Volume Ill) Staff with selection, recruitment, training, certification, otc (developed in Volume I~ ‘Training, Selection and Recruitment) Procedures and implementation of security measures (developed in Volume IV ~ Preventive Security Measures) > Security Oversight (developed in Volume | — National Organization and Administration). For each above-mentioned pillar, the systemic approach for aviation security could be further expanded with a sysiem of systems concept meaning that betler overall performance will be achieved with a multilayer syslem combining different technologies, principles, programmes, counter-measures and experiences, ‘The multi-layer approach for altport design applies for the following folders: > Altport management > Airport planning and design > Airport security programme (ASP) This Volume Ill is following the abovementioned step-by-step approach with the description of al the fundamental concepts for Aiport Management, Airport Authorities, the dulles and responsibilities of all partners involved in the secunty system, then airport planning from the first slage of the conception io the final stage ot operations, and finally the ASP which is adapting the national principles developed in the National Civil Aviation Security Programme (NCASP] for the local constraints and systems, Introduction Airport management has the responsibilty to ensure implementation of preventive security measures in accordance with ICAO Annex 17 SARPs, the NCASP and national/regional regulatory requirements (a3, applicable). Security measures ai arporis must be implemented consistently and effectively, and be capable of rapid change in response io any increased security theeat. Annex 17 SARPs require the following in relation to alrporis serving civil aviation: a) Airport Security Authority ~ An authority at each airport serving civil aviation must be charged with responsibilty for coordinating the implementation of security controls +b) Airport Security Programme ~The establishment, implementation and maintenance of a written airport seeurity programme (ASP) detaling the individual security measures and procedures in place at each airport ssarving civil aviation, ensuring compliance witn the requirements of the NCASP. ©) Airport Security Committee - The establishment of an airport security committee (ASO) at each airport serving civil aviation to assist the altport security authority in its role of coordinating the implementation of securly controls and procedures as specified in the ASP. 4d) Airport Design Requirements - Airport design requirements, including architectural and infrastructure~ related requirements necessary for the implemeniation of the security measures in the NCASP, must be Integrated into the design and construction of now facilles and alterations to oxisting facilities at alrports Volume lit 7Volume ii-8 Security Manual ~ Doc8973/7 ¢) Contingency Planning - Contingency plans must be developed for each alfport serving chil aviation to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawiul interference. Contingency plsnning is discussed in Volume v. In adcition to the Annex 17 requirements cited above, the airport security authority should develop and implement the following: a) Airport Security Training — the development and implementation of airport secutily training measuresiprogrammes at each aifport in accordance with the NCASP, and reflective of the standards, policies and procedures contained in the National Civil Aviation Security Training Programme (NCASTP), Comprehensive guidance material on the establishment, implementation and mainionance of security training programmes ior specific entities can be found in Volume Il b) Airport Security Quality Control — the development and implementation of quality control measures/programmes at each aipoit in line with the National Civil Aviation Security Quality Control Programme, and in accordance with the NCASP and ASP as applicable. Implementation of qually control functions including inspections, tests and surveys, are vital o ensuring the maintenance and sustainability af effective aviation security measures at airporis. Guidance material on aviation security quality control funetions can be found in Volume I Airport Security Committes ‘The establishment of an airport security committee (ASC) at each airport serving cull aviation to assist the airport security authority in ils role of coordinating the implementation of security controls and procedures as ‘specified in the ASP is an international requirement. The main purpose of ASC is to offer a forum of discussion af the airport level whereby all pariies involved could raise operational concerns in the dally ‘implementation of the security measures, of prepare themselves in case of specific ad hoc major events (international events such as sport competition, official conferences, etc) which might have a direct impact (on daily activites. ‘Tho ASG is also the place where potential adjustments, improvements, modifications of some aspects of the airport security systems are discussed so that appropriate authorities could take proper actions. ‘The ASC should meet frequently Le. every three months. Airport Security Programme Each airport serving civil aviation must establish, implement and maintain a written aispart security Programme (ASP) appropriate to meet the tequirements of Annex 17, the NCASP and associated Tegulations. ‘The ASP provides the fundamental guidance necessary for performing security-related measures at an ‘aiport. AS such, the aviation security measures described in the ASP must be clearly defined and understood by those who need to impioment them. Because of its vital imgortance for an ective implementation of security measures at the airport, a specific part, as well as an appendix to the current volume, are dedicated to the development af ASP. Alrport Security Authority Apert management is charged with all functions pertaining to altport operations including security. The alrport manager will generally delegate aviation security functions to a security manager who oversees an airport security unit or department. The security manager would be charged with responsibilty for Coordinating the implementation of all security measures and controls at the airport in coordination with the members of the airport planning and design team. ‘Airport Design, Organization and Programme) Guictanes material on ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices Volume til. Airport Design, Organization and Programme Doc 8973/7 In cider to carry out te assignment effectively, the alrpert securty manager should 2). report creat tothe altport manager; | have an advanced technical knowledge of security and airport operations; and 6). be authorized to have access to all installations on and connected with the airport Duties and responsibilities ‘The airport security manager's duties and responsibilities should include the following’ )__serving as the airport operator's primary and immediate contact for security-related activities land communications with the aparopriate aviation securty authority, b)__the development of the ASP to ensure implementation of the national requirements with regard to aitport security, ©) Keeping the ASP up-to-date and approved by the appropriate aviation security authority; ) coordinating security aspects in the development of the ASP; @) supervising the application of agreed security measures and procedures to promote their effective implementation and maintenance; ) maintaining effective liaison with other aispor departments and relevant law enforcement authorities; g)___ maintaining liaison with commercial air transport operators providing service from the airport, as well as the security managers/managers of other airport tenants. This liaison could be managed through the ASC if seourily managers/managers are included In ASC meetings or it the meetings are documented and minutes are shared with all airport users; h)__ ensuring that the activities of airport securily personnel, fre and rescue staff are coordinated from a security point of view; i) encouraging security awareness and vigilance by all persons warking at the airport; J)___giving advice to, and ensuring adequate training for, persons responsible for airport security measures; ) promoting and requiring an effective threa¥/occurrence response capability: | _ reviewing and controlling the resus of criminal history records checks as required: ™m) serving as the contact to receive notification from individuals apolying for unescorted access of their intent o seek correction oftheir criminal history record; 1) ___be a member of the airport planning and design team recommending securly features for incorporation in plans for the modification of existing altpor facilities and for new construction; P)___knowing and understanding national laws and regulations dealing with acts of unlawiul inerference which affect civil aviation and is faciities. Particular emphasis should be given to those. laws and regulations which the aliport security manager may be required lo enforce as well as 10 security technologies and techniques; Volume il 9Volume I-10 ‘Seourty Manual —Doc8973/7 ) maintaining a racord of al occurrences of unlawiul interference affecting airport operations, including bomb threats, and of all weapons and dangerous devices detected In the passenger screening process; ®) transmitting to the appropriate aviation security authority all pertinent information relating to any act of unlawiulinterterence directed against the airport or agains! an aircraft located at or taking Off rom the aitpon, including any threst thereof; s) within the limits as may be prescribed by national legislation, commencing enquiries lmmediately as soon as itis known or suspected that an aircraft which last departed from the airport has been involved in an act of unlawiul seizure or an accident which may have been caused by an act of sabotage. Promp! action in such circumstances is necessary in order to obtain information which may suggest what additional saleguarding measures are required to prevent a recurrence; f) a part of the internal quality control process: (@ conducting an intial comprehensive security survey of the airport; (i) conducting, on behalf of the ASC, surveys, inspections, iests and investigations of all airport security-related functions with sufficient frequency to ensure thal all are in compliance with the NCASP, ASP and quality control programme (as applicable). Such guality control functions should also be conducted on security measures which are Rormally the responsibility of other entities, e.g. the screening of passengers and cabin/hold baggage if normally implemented by commercial air transport operators; (ii) reporting on each survey, Inspection, test or investigation in the manner prescribed and on the official forms; (iv) bringing to the attention of airport management, authorities responsible for law enforcement functions, postal and other authorities, as woll as operators and other organizations operating at the aipor, lapses and weaknesses In security measures, and recommend procedures for their correction; and {v)_ reporting serious breaches for immediate corrective action ta be taken. The airport security manager should be appropriately trained in accordance with the NGASTP, the ASP and the airport training programme (as applicable) ‘The aipor security manager should be assigned staif as part of an airport aviation security unit or department (with sub-deparimenis as appropriate) to assist with implementation of the foregoing, with the prevention of unauthorized entry airside and into restricted areas and installations. General principles - Airport design Security touches practically all aspects of airport operations. When the airport master plan is ready (Doc 8184, Section 1), itis advisable to lst in one place all the planning elaments relating to security which Should be addressed. This should be done in consultation with the appropriate aviation security authority, keeping in mind the national ertera, For the introduction of or modification to the airport security plan, it may be considered advisable to entrust {0 2 programming taam the responsibilty for draiting the plan and for coordinating and overseeing tha wark required to select, acquire and install the equipment and syslems defined. Inclusion of airport security committee members on the programming team will resull in @ betier coordinated and more cost-effective ‘approach fo security. The composition of the programming team could be enlarged, as necessary, to include national or local administration security officials, private experts, engineers, technicians and consulting firms that are participating in the programming and implementation work Airport Design, Organization and ProgrammeGuidance material on ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices Volume lil. Airport Design, Organization and Programme Doc 8973/7 key security concerns that need to be considered in the planning, design and enhancement of overall aisport ‘securly should include the following: a) » 2 preventing the Introduction of weapons or explosive or dangerous devices by any means ‘whatsoever Into the airport and on board aircraft by: + detecting weapons or explosive or dangerous devices: + ensuring the security of means by which passengers, baggage, personnel, cargo, mail and other gaods and vehicles access aircraft; “+ ensuring segregation of passengers who have been screened fram those who have not; ‘= controlling access to and movement within the air side and security restricted areas; and ‘aciitating implementation of the aiport emergency plan during a crisis such as a bomb alert, act of unlawiul seizure or an aireralt disaster, and © minimizing the effect of an explosion or incendiary device on persons or facilities by incorporating design features to limit casualties and damage. Airport threat and risk assessment When applying security considerations in airport design, it wil be necessary to conduct an airport threat and Fisk assessment. It is strongly recommended to undertake these threat and risk assessments together with rational appropriate authorities so that the design of the airport willbe flexible enough to adapt with future seourty requirements. The sooner proper resources are allocated to threat and risk assessment of airport, the better addtional requirements wil be smoothly implemented without major, and costly, restructuring, Knowing the strengths and weaknesses ol an aitport, even at the design stage, against potential terrorist attacks is an essential decision-maker information. Volume H= 17Volume il-12 Security Manual ~ Doc8973/7 Airport Security Programme General ‘The programme should be approved by the appropriate aviation security authorily priar to Implementation so 28 to ensure consistency with the State's obligation for aviation security, and to ensure consistency, where appropriate, with other alports serving civil aviation within the State. That being said, because of varying operational, environmental and vulnerability characteristics, each airport must, as a rule, be considered separately in developing the aimpor's security programme. Proposed amendments and vatiations to the ASP, other than minor changes, should be submitted to the ‘appropriate aviation security authori for approval before incorporation. ‘The ASP should have a security classification in accordance with national guidelines, Essentially, the ASP must provide for a secure operating environment at the airport, both for airport users and staff as well as for aircraft, The programme must designate the airport and law enforcement authorities responsible for security-related functions at the airport and clearly describe the securty criteria (recruitment process and training or otherwise) which the authorities must meet ln the preparation of the ASP, consideration should be given to national requirements, timelines for ‘completing the ASP, staffing and financial limitations, other entities operating at the airport that may not be Under the supervision of aitport management, enhanced security requirements during times of increased security threat and contingency planning. ‘The programme should be prepared by the airport security manager in careful coordination with all the stakeholders concemed. They include, infer alla, aport management, security services, commercial ait transport operators, cargo operators, cleaning and catering operators, general aviation operators, air trafic services, regulated agenls, firefighting and rescue services, postal services, mesial services, customs and border controlimmigration authorities, refuelling companies, independent aircraft servicing organizations, authority located off-airport responsible for law enforcement functions and other tenants on airport property. The ASP should be prepared in the following manner: 2) Acomprehensive written programme should first be prepared, stating in clear, concise language ‘what duties and responsibilities, measures and procedures are to be undertaken and by whom, for each type of security stuation. Operafional lines of succession should be listed and notations made concerning aid agreements and off-airport sources of assistance. The action required of ‘each task group will need to be described under appropriate headings; and b) Specific component parts of the programme should be studied by supervisors whose personnel are required to take action in each security situation. Thoso supervisors should be required to produce instructions for each individual who will then have only salient points to which reference can be made in an emergency. Such a breakdown will make it simple to put the programme into efiect and will reduce the number of complete copies of the altport programme in circulation or issued to individuals. This procedure will simplily arrangements and help to assure security of the information detailed in the programme. ‘Security meesures and procedures should be deployed in a manner which will ensure that the most effective Use is made of the available resources. Sources of additional staff and equipment resources available to assist in periods of higher than normal threa! will need to be identified and plans develaped to access those resources when necessary. ‘Airport Design, Organization and Programme O