PROBLEM 5.

147
KNOWN: Stainless steel cylinder, 80-mm diameter by 60-mm length, initially at 600 K, suddenly 2 quenched in an oil bath at 300 K with h = 500 W/m K. Use the ready-to-solve model in the Examples menu of FEHT to obtain the following solutions. FIND: (a) Calculate the temperatures T(r, x ,t) after 3 min: at the cylinder center, T(0, 0, 3 mm), at the center of a circular face, T(0, L, 3 min), and at the midheight of the side, T(r o, 0, 3 min); compare your results with those in the example; (b) Calculate and plot temperature histories at the cylinder center, T(0, 0, t), the mid-height of the side, T(ro, 0, t), for 0 t 10 min; use the View/Temperature vs. Time command; comment on the gradients and what effect they might have on phase transformations and thermal stresses; (c) Using the results for the total integration time of 10 min, use the View/Temperature Contours command; describe the major features of the cooling process shown in this display; create and display a 10-isotherm temperature distribution for t = 3 min; and (d) For the locations of part (a), calculate the temperatures after 3 min if the convection coefficient is doubled (h = 2 1000 W/m K); for these two conditions, determine how long the cylinder needs to remain in the oil bath to achieve a safe-to touch surface temperature of 316 K. Tabulate and comment on the results of your analysis. SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Two-dimensional conduction in r- and x-coordinates, (2) Constant properties. PROPERTIES: Stainless steel: = 7900 kg/m , c = 526 J/kgK, k = 17.4 W/mK. ANALYSIS: (a) The FEHT ready-to-solve model is accessed through the Examples menu and the annotated Input page is shown below. The following steps were used to obtain the solution: (1) Use the DrawReduce Mesh command three times to create the 512-element mesh; (2) In Run, click on Check, (3) In Run, press Calculate and hit OK to initiate the solver; and (4) Go to the View menu, select Tabular Output and read the nodal temperatures 4, 1, and 3 at t = to = 180 s. The tabulated results below include those from the n-term series solution used in the IHT software. Continued
3

PROBLEM 5.147 (Cont.)

(r, x, to) FEHT node T(r, x, to) (K) FEHT 402.7 368.7 362.5 T(r, x, to) (K) 1-term series 405 372 365 T(r, x, to) (K) n-term series 402.7 370.5 362.4

0, 0, to 0, L, to ro, 0, to

4 1 3

The FEHT results are in excellent agreement with the IHT n-term series solutions for the x = 0 plane nodes (4,3), except for the x = L plane node (1).

(b) Using the View Temperature vs. Time command, the temperature histories for nodes 4, 1, and 3 are plotted in the graph shown below. There is very small temperature difference between the locations on the surface, (node 1; 0, L) and (node 3; ro, 0). But, the temperature difference between these surface locations and the cylinder center (node 4; 0, 0) is large at early times. Such differences wherein locations cool at considerably different rates could cause variations in microstructure and hence, mechanical properties, as well as induce thermal stresses.

Continued

PROBLEM 5.147 (Cont.)

(c) Use the View|Temperature Contours command with the shaded band option for the isotherm contours. Selecting the From Start to Stop time option, see the display of the contours as the cylinder cools during the quench process. The movie shows that cooling initiates at the corner (r o,L,t) and the isotherms quickly become circular and travel toward the center (0,0,t). The 10-isotherm distribution for t = 3 min is shown below.

(d) Using the FEHT model with convection coefficients of 500 and 1000 W/m K, the temperatures at t = to = 180 s for the three locations of part (a) are tabulated below. h = 500 W/m K T(0, 0, to), K T(0, L, to), K T(ro, 0, to), K 402.7 368.7 362.5
2

h = 1000 W/m K 352.8 325.8 322.1

Note that the effect of doubling the convection coefficient is to reduce the temperature at these locations by about 40C. The time the cylinder needs to remain in the oil bath to achieve the safe-totouch surface temperature of 316 K can be determined by examining the temperature history of the location (node1; 0, L). For the two convection conditions, the results are tabulated below. Doubling the coefficient reduces the cooling process time by 40 %. T(0, L, to) 316 316 h (W/m K) 500 1000
2

to (s) 370 219