EXPERIMENT-1 STUDY OF ON-OFF CONTROLLER FOR FLOW/TEMP Aim- To study On/Off controller for Flow and Temperature INTRODUCTION:ON-OFF

or two position controller in one of the various controller modes, which shows discontinuous changes in controller o/p as controlled variable ever occurs. Control system is designed for different types of applications eg. Domestic, industrial & modern sophisticated application. Few basic control actions are designed as listed below for monitoring & control. 1) Temperature / C 2) Fluid flow Q m3/sec 3) Fluid pressure N/m2 4) Position meters Any control system can be represented in

G1(D)

G2(D)

H(D)

As concern with this experiment we are only to study of ON-OFF controller to control temp/flow.

Q}:- What is a controller? It is nothing but the proper sequential arrangement of three basic elements as 1) Controller 2) Plant to be control and 3) Feedback system

r+
-b

G1(D)

H(D)

After providing the I/P r the m O/P produces in response to it. The feedback b is to provide at summing point causes reduction in error. It works according to, e. G(D)=m e=r-b e=v.A-C.H(D) [Va-C.H(D)]e=m`

G1(D)

The term G(D) represent the polynomial in terms of D & is arranged as definite control law.

TYPES OF ON/OFF CONTROL SYSTEM:1) (Strict) ON/OFF Control 2) Two position control 3) Floating control

1) Controllers o/p changes at the instant the even changes from +ve to ve. This is not practical one. 2) It is an improvement over basic ON/OFF o/p changes from 0-100% but an additional hysteresis element is now incorporated.

Control law is grouped as-

Control Modes

Fundamental Mode

Composite Mode
1. P + D =PD 2. P + I =PI 3. P + D + I = PDI

Two Positions ON/OFF

P - Type I - Type D - Type

We are interested to study this law for controlling temp/fluid flow.

1) ON/OFF TEMP CONTROLLER:The application area) Water heater electric type-

In this water heater (electric type) the water is feed through inlet pipe and get hot water at other end. As the water inlet cock is start, due to the senser attached at other end the heater start automatically. The copper coils are wounded around the water flow pipes. After reaching at certain value of temperature t c the heater Off automatically. If temperature falls below certain value the heater is start after getting signal from sensor. This ON/OFF controller is works in this way. The graph is plotted as temp VS time. Other examples:1) Electric iron 2) Refrigerator

2) ON/OFF FLOW CONTROLLER a) Boiler feed water

Gas Cutting:

Input supply

Transformer (Step up)

Flame

Control System
Knob For Adjustment Of Desired Temperature

(Step down)

Flame Temperature