EEP 301 : CONTROL ENGG.

LABORATORY

Experiment- 4 Process Control Trainer

GROUP MEMBERS: VISHAL GAUTAM GOBIND PRASAD KAMAL KISHORE SURENDRA GEHLOT JAINESH KUMAR GHANSHYAM MEENA DEVENDRA KUMAR (2010EE20531) (2010EE20516) (2010EE20519) (2010EE20531) (2010EE20518) (2010EE20515) (2010EE20512)

Aim:

To perform experiment on 37-100 Process Control Trainer and demonstrate the characteristics such as Distance/Velocity lag, Transfer Lag, System Response and PID control etc.

Introduction:

In this equipment, air drawn from the atmosphere by a centrifugal blower is driven past a heater grid and through a length of tubing to atmosphere again. The process of heating the air flowing in the tube to the desired temperature level and the purpose of the control equipment is to measure the air temperature, compare it with the value set by the operator and generate a control signal which determine the amount of electrical power supplied to the correcting element, in this case a heater mounted adjacent to the blower.

Procedure:
The following assignments are carried out using the 37-100 process trainer. System Response: In this Part we have observed the system response in the terms of Disturbance of the process , causing a change in the controlled condition, may occur on the supply side or the demand side of the system. In this process, supply side disturbances can be caused by changes of inlet air flow, ambient air temp. or supply volt. to the heater . The response of the system to a disturbance is dependent on proportional band width.

Fig 1: Response to Step Change Disturbance

1. Adjust the set value to 50o c. 2. Set proportional band to 100%. 3. Adjust the blower throttle control to 4. 4. Place the 'detector probe' in the 11'' position. 5. Set the switch on the side of 37-100 to 'heater'. 6. Set the CRO according to specified value.

Observation:
(A) Proportional control = 100% (i) Throttle control = 4

(ii) Throttle control = 5

(iii) Throttle control = 6

(B) Proportional control = 200% (i) Throttle control = 4

(ii) Throttle control = 5

(iii) Throttle control = 6

(B) Proportional control = 30% (i) Throttle control = 4

(ii) Throttle control = 5

(iii) Throttle control = 6

S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Throttle Control 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Closed Loop Measured Value 49 48 47 46 44 43 41

Open Loop Measured Value 68 62 57 54 47 45 43

Distance/velocity Lag : An alteration to the condition of a process affects the detecting element after a time interval which is dependent on the velocity of the process and the distance between the point of change and the detector. This time interval L is the distance/velocity or transport lag, as given by the equation: L = distance/velocity It is a pure lag, there being no change in the magnitude or form of the signal. The effect of distance/velocity lag on different input signals.

Set value is adjusted to 350C . Adjust the 'blower throttle control ' to 4 .

 Process control trainer is kept in closed loop

S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Frequency 0.1 0.5 1.5 2 3 1.) For Frequency 0.1 Hz

Input Amplitude 2.16v 2.08v 3.4v 4.16 4.16

Output Amplitude 1.44v 1.28v 640mv 400mv 400mv

2.) For Frequency 0.5 Hz

3. )For Frequency 1.5 Hz

4). For Frequency 2 Hz.

5. ) For Frequency 3 Hz

System becomes oscillatory for proportional band of 30 %

System becomes stable for proportional band of 60%

PID Control Deviation, is the difference between the measured value of controlled condition and the set value. Sustained deviation is termed offset. In a controller with proportional controller, the output signal is directly proportional to deviation, causing the correcting element to supply more or less power to the process. The relationship between deviation and controller output is defined as proportional band. As proportional band is decreased, deviation is decreased until a point is reached at which the system becomes unstable. Procedure: 1) Set the value to 400C. 2.) Observe the measured value of temperature.

Circuit Diagram for PID Control.

Observation: S.No. 1. 2. 3. Set Value 40 40 40 Measured Value 34 36 40 Kp 0.1 0.2 KI 1.06

For Kp = 0.6 , Ki = 0.1(with derivative circuit disabled )

For Kp = 0.3 , Ki = 0.1 , Kd = 10