Nandini sathpathy case :

Such person shall be bound to answer truly all questions relating to such case put to him by such officer, other than questions the answers to which would have a tendency to expose him to a criminal charge or to a penalty or forfeiture.

Aise vyakti ke lie officer dwaara pooche gaye, mamle se sambandhit unn sabhi prashnon ka satya uttar dena avashyak hai, siway, unn prashnon ke jinki pravratti usse kisi apradhik charge athwa jurmana athwa sampatti jabti ke lie doshi thehrati hai.

In Article 20(3), the expression 'accused of any offence, must mean formally accused in praesenti not in future-not even imminently as decisions now stand. The expression 'to be witness against himself means more than the court process. Any giving of evidence, any furnishing of information, if likely to have an incriminating impact, answers the description of being witness against oneself.

Bharat ke sanvidhaan ke anuchhed 20(3) ke pashchat, kisi bhi apraadh ke lie aarop lagaya jaane ka matlab hai ki aarop vartman mein hi lagega naaki bhavishya mein. Sanvidhaan ke pashchat Abhivyakti ke paas apne khilaaf gavaahi naa dene ka adhikaar hai. Yadi abhivyakti dwaara kisi bhi aise saboot yaa soochna dene par usko doshi thehraya jaa sakta hai, toh uske paas adhikaar hai ki woh khaamosh rahe.

The first obligation of the criminal justice system is to secure justice by seeking and substantiating truth through proof. Of course, the means must be as good as the ends and the dignity of the individual and the freedom of the human person cannot be sacrificed by resort to improper means, however worthy the ends. Therefore, 'Third degree' has been outlawed.

Apraadhik nyaaya pranaali ka pehla dayitwa saboot ke madhyam se satya sthapit karna hai. Iss dayitwa ke pashchat kabhi bhi abhivyakti ke atma samman aur swatantrata ko haani nahi pahuchaani chahiye. Issliye third degree gairkanooni ghoshit kiya gaya hai.

Any statement given freely and voluntarily by an accused person is admissible and even invaluable to an investigation. Use of pressure whether subtle or crude, mental or physical, direct or indirect but sufficiently substantial, by the police to get information is not permitted as it violates the constitutional guarantee of fair procedure.

Abhiyukt dwaara kissi bhi dabao ke bina avom swechapoorvak diyaa gayaa bayaan sweekrit hai avom tehkikaat mein istemaal kiya jaa sakta hai. Abhivyakti se jaankari prapt karne hetu police dwaara kissi bhi prakaar ka dabao yadi maansik yaa sharirik, awom pratyakh ya apratyakh lekin sufficiently substantial, ki anumati nahi hai kyunki yeh sanvidhaanik guarantee ka ullanghan karta hai.

Right to Silence has been granted to the accused. No one can forcibly extract statements from the accused, who has the right to keep silent during the course of interrogation (investigation).

Aaropiyon ko chup rehne ka adhikaar hai. Isske pashchat koi bhi abhiyukt se jaanch ke dauraan jabran bayaan nahi le sakta.

Article 22 (1) directs that the right to consult an advocate of his choice shall not be denied to any person who is arrested. This does not mean that persons who are not under arrest or custody can be denied that right. The spirit and sense of Article 22 (1) is that it is fundamental to the rule of law that the services of a lawyer shall be available for consultation to any accused person under circumstances of near-custodial interrogation.

Sanvidhaan ke anuchhed 22(1) ke pashchat giraftaar kiye gaye vyakti ke paas apne pasand ke vakeel se paramarsh karne ka adhikaar hai. Hiraasat ke nikat ki paristhitiyon mein paramarsh karne hetu vakeel ki sewaayein har aaropi vyakti ko uplabdh honi chahiyein.

BRIEF : An accused person cannot be coerced or influenced into giving a statement pointing to her/his guilt.

Koi bhi aaropi vyakti ko aise bayaan dene ke lie majboor awom prabhaavit nahi kiyaa jaa sakta jisse usse doshi thehraye jaane ki sambhavna hai.

The accused person must be informed of her/his right to remain silent and also of the right against self incrimination.

Aisa avashyak hai ki aaropi vyakti ko uske chup rehne ke adhikaar awom atma dosharopan ke adhikaar ke bare mein soochit kiya gaya ho.

The person being interrogated has the right to have a lawyer by her/his side if s/he so wishes.

Poochtach ki jaa rahe vyakti ke paas aisa adhikaar hai ki yadi woh chahe toh apne vakeel ko poochtaach ke dauraan apne saath rakh sakta hai.

An accused person must be informed of the right to consult a lawyer at the time of questioning, irrespective of the fact whether s/he is under arrest or in detention.

Aisa avashyak hai ki aaropi vyakti ko poochtach ke dauraan, yadi woh giraftaar hai yaa hiraasat mein hai, uske vakeel se paramarsh karne ke adhikaar ke bare mein soochit kiyaa gaya ho.