Technical Overview

OPTIMA Technical Overview Release 5.2.1 Author: Dominic Kirsten Date: 23 October 2006 Ref: I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Version: 1 Status: Approved Sec. Class: Commercial in Confidence Copyright 2006 AIRCOM International - All rights reserved. No part of this work, which is protected by copyright, may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocop ying, recording, taping or storage in an information retrieval system without the written permission of the copyright owner.

Commercial in Confidence Contents 1 Document Control.............................................................. ................................................. 3 1.1 Revision History............................................................ ................................................ 3 1.2 Reviewers................................................................... .................................................. 3 2 Introduction.................................................................. ...................................................... 4 3 Product Positioning .......................................................... .................................................. 5 4 Benefits of OPTIMA............................................................ ................................................ 7 5 Technical Solution ........................................................... ...................................................8 5.1 System Architecture ........................................................ ............................................. 8 5.1.1 Physical Architecture .................................................... ....................................... 8 5.1.2 OPTIMA Logical Architecture............................................... .............................. 11 5.1.3 Architecture Key Features ................................................ ................................. 12 5.2 Vendor Interfaces .......................................................... ............................................. 13 5.3 User Functions.............................................................. .............................................. 13 5.3.1 OPTIMA Inspector ......................................................... .................................... 14 5.3.2 Reporter ................................................................. ............................................ 16 5.3.3 OPTIMA Work Area ......................................................... .................................. 16 5.3.4 Database Explorer and Query Builder....................................... ........................ 17 5.3.5 Administration ........................................................... ......................................... 19 5.3.6 Summary and Busy Hour Calculations........................................ ...................... 19 5.3.7 KPI/KQI Mapping .......................................................... ..................................... 20 5.3.8 Archiving ................................................................ ............................................ 20 5.3.9 Profiling ................................................................ .............................................. 20 5.3.10 Service Management....................................................... .................................. 21 5.3.11 Performance Alarm Management............................................. ......................... 23 6 Technical Specifications...................................................... ............................................. 26 6.1 Server and Data Loading Platforms .......................................... ................................. 26

6.2 Client...................................................................... .................................................... 26 6.3 Supported Data.............................................................. ............................................. 26 6.4 Data Storage................................................................ ............................................... 26 6.5 Report Output Formats....................................................... ........................................ 27 6.6 Report Output Types ........................................................ .......................................... 27 6.7 Report Scheduling .......................................................... ............................................ 27 6.8 Graph Types................................................................. .............................................. 27 6.9 Graph Output Formats........................................................ ........................................ 28 Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 2 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence 1 Document Control 1.1 Revision History Revision Number Date Name Revision 1 23 Oct 06 D. Kirsten 1.2 Reviewers Reviewer Date Feedback Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 3 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence 2 Introduction OPTIMA is an advanced network performance and service monitoring tool, developed for mobile operators who require a fully integrated application with t he ability to manage data from multi vendor and multi technology networks. Optima performance and service management solution provides an integrated environment allowing an operator to proactively ensure that customers receive good quality service over the networks. The solution supports the analysis and reporting requirements for all functions within the organisation including: Day-to-day operational monitoring and problem identification Network System Optimisation (network planning and development) Network benchmarking Network Performance Management Reporting Network Service Management Reporting KPI and key data

KPI/KQI and key data.

Performance data management and network correlation across different network technologies and elements e.g. BSS, NSS, RAN, PS-CORE, VAS, IN, CDR. Generation and management of performance related alarms OPTIMA s unprecedented flexibility, powerful functionality and ease of use make it the ultimate tool for any operator looking to improve or enhance the performance of its network. OPTIMA is perfectly suited to mobile operators progressing to the next generatio n of mobile technologies. OPTIMA fully supports 2G, 2.5G and 3G networks and the solutions open and configurable architecture means that it is readily configured for new technologies.. The success of an operator s organisation depends on Quality of Service targets being met. OPTIMA provides the tool to ensure that this is done. It is a truly c ost effective, valuable enhancement to an operator s information system. Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 4 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence 3 Product Positioning OPTIMA s product position is represented on the Tele Management Forum (http://www.tmforum.org), Telecoms Operations Map (TOM) model in the diagram below. The green coloured portion shows where OPTIMA sits with typical outputs servicing wider business functions indicated via the yellow arrows and orange boxes. Figure 1: OPTIMA Positioning In an increasingly competitive telecommunications market, it is vital that you provide superior levels of service and quality to end subscribers, thereby attracting new customers, reducing churn, and simultaneously minimising costs. You can only effectively manage and introduce change into the operational network if you have a complete understanding of the current and past performance of your system. OPTIMA s network performance management & monitoring software logs and stores network performance information, enabling any employee, with permissions, to gain a complete understanding of the current and past performance of your network. For example, knowing the past three months dropped call statistics for a cluster of cell sites in a particular city can help you benchmark engineering modifications. You can use daily and weekly dropped call completion after operational changes (for example change of frequency plan) to the same cell sites to understand the improvements, or other, within the city. By easily accessing and analysing invaluable performance data, you can: Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 5 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

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Identify poor network performance before this becomes customer affecting Identify and respond quickly to change Pinpoint accurately extra capacity requirements Deploy network enhancements in a timely and cost effective manner Predict future trends in the network or at any part of the network Some typical uses of OPTIMA for network operation and performance management are: Daily reporting of network performance across all network elements including the radio and switching networks, transmission, IN, VAS and service platforms. Daily reporting of any cluster of cell sites or network elements covering particular cities, roads or other geographical regions Drill down to determine root cause analysis for network degradation or performance problems Identification of performance anomalies across network regions Overall monitoring of performance and generation of alarms when thresholds are exceeded Identification and strategic reporting of traffic hotspots and network locations generating high traffic and revenues Not only can you access information across the whole network, but also regional staff can access all data appropriate to them and can monitor network elements within a region and fine tune localised performance. Integrated Service and Network Management OPTIMA s service management & monitoring module allows the operator to understand and improve customer s perceived quality of experience and to then optimise the network to offer better service performance. This module delivers competitive advantage by allowing the Engineering departments to access critical, real-time, customer centric information using Billing CDR and/or Probe XDR sources. By fully integrating this information with performance information from the network elements a complete picture of the network and service performance can be determined. It therefore ensures customers receive high quality of service by enabling network operators to identify degradations in the network and services offered. Near Real-time monitoring of the entire network provides end-to-end visibility of service performance and enables the OSS engineer to rapidly spot network and service degradations and perform Root-cause analysis. By easily accessing and analysing invaluable Service related data, you can:

Manage your customers, then your network Manage new and existing network services Monitor new handset performance on your network Analyze engineering issues before they affect your customers Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 6 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence 4 Benefits of OPTIMA Key Technical Features of OPTIMA include: A powerful ORACLE data warehouse which is able to maintain and retrieve network system performance counter data and trends for the largest networks over many years Robust and scaleable IT platform architecture with a choice of PC or UNIX servers to suit IT policy and existing IT investments Windows PC based client application requires minimal specialist user training True client/server architecture with the ability to support thin (web based) multi concurrent user access thick client and

Full Integration with AIRCOM s market leading PC-based ENTERPRISE tools suite allowing performance data to be seamlessly integrated with design and configuration information. Complete flexibility to mix counter and KPI/KQI information with coverage and planning data, including geographical mapping Ability to query and retrieve PM and SM statistics by selecting network elements on a geographical map Ability to combine configuration parameter values with performance data Out of the box functionality with interfaces and report and module libraries available for 2G, 2.5G and 3G networks. Ability to interface to a wide range of equipment types of different vendors and technologies eg. BSS, NSS, RAN, PS-CORE, VAS, IN, CDR etc Highly configurable vendor interface architecture allows rapid configuration to specific customer requirements. In-built KPI mapping across vendors allows quality on different vendor networks to be compared easily Complete flexibility for the user to create new KPIs, report templates and modules via very flexible report and module designers. Ability to define and generate Performance Alarms. Alarm events can either be forwarded to Fault management systems or engineers alerted via e-mail or SMS using the Optima alarm handling module Full user security with the ability to manage which reports and modules users or groups of users have the ability to access Intuitive data explorer with the ability to define database queries via a user friendly drag and drop interface Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 7 of 28

Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence 5 Technical Solution 5.1 System Architecture 5.1.1 Physical Architecture Figure 2: Physical Architecture of an OPTIMA implementation An overview of the typical physical architecture of an OPTIMA installation is sh own in Figure 2. Data is generally exported in a file format from the network Elemen t Managers or OMCs and stored on a local server. When a new file is detected then this is transferred to an OPTIMA Mediation workstation where it is parsed and loaded into a central OPTIMA Oracle datastore and is immediately available for end-user clients. For some vendor systems, PM or SM data may be available in a network or OMC database. In this case, a special OPTIMA database parser is deployed, which regularly accesses the network database to retrieve data. In this case there is no requirement to transfer files. There may also be links configured from the OPTIMA datastore to other databases. This allows end users to access and combine data from multiple sources in reports. This mechanism may also be used to enrich the PM or SM for example a link to a planning or configuration database (as data loaded illustrated by ENTERPRISE in Figure 2) may be used to retrieve network topology or planning information. There are a number of physical elements in the OPTIMA solution as described in the following sections. Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 8 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence Central database server This is the critical component for the operation of OPTIMA as it has a direct impact on data load, storage and retrieval performance of the system. Any type of workstation that supports Oracle 9i or above can be used. AIRCOM provides a number of recommended hardware solutions with both Windows and Unix (HP and Sun) options supported depending on operator preference and the size of system required. Solutions are always proposed that provide cost effecti ve upgrade options to accommodate future expansion of the system. For large installations or where system availability is particularly critical, a clustered server solution can be deployed. The server would be dimensioned as part of the solution development depending on the number of network elements, data storage requirements and expected use of the system. Memory requirements for the server are calculated based on the number of users and data loading processes that need to be supported, plus an overhead for Oracle and the OS. Disk storage requirements will depend on the following factors: Number and type of performance counters to be stored Granularity of counter measurement Size of network Archiving requirements Summary tables and Indexes AIRCOM provides tools that database schema to provide customer on the disk space SAN solutions are deployed e. calculate database growth based on the actual specific and exact predictions for a specific requirements. Generally RAID disk arrays or external to provide resilience in the case of hard disk failur

Parsing/Loading Mediation Devices Although it is technically possible to have the database loaders and parsers running on the central server, this is generally not recommended and within the typical OPTIMA architecture, these processes are run on separate loading/parsing machines (or mediation devices). This architecture has a number of important advantages: Performance: separating the parsing and loading processing from the server ensures that these activities do not significantly impact the end user performance. Scalability: if required low cost workstations can be used for the mediation devices. This provides a very cost effective scalable solution. For example the addition of new interfaces can be added without significant server upgrade requirements.

Reliability: this architecture ensures that any problems that may occur when parsing or loading files do not impact the end user. Also additional mediation devices can be provided as standby purposes. For example it is possible to split a particular interface across two mediation devices. In the case of a hardware problem with one machine then the other can continue to load (perhaps with reduced performance) whilst the failed device is repaired. Flexibility: for example a temporary mediation device can be deployed to load backlogged data Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 9 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

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Maintenance: it is possible to perform maintenance and upgrade of the loading processes and interface components without impacting the central server and hence end users Both Windows and UNIX (HP and SUN) workstations can be used for mediation devices. Rack mounted units are recommended where space is a premium. The required specification and number of mediation devices will be determined during customer specific solution design. Web Server (Optional) The web server provides the ability to support on-line access to OPTIMA. The recommended solution is to use CitrixTM that provides the full OPTIMA client functionality to end users within a standard Web browser. AIRCOM also provides a full web based solution, Web Wizard, that allows access to key data and reports on-line over the company intranet. This also allows the ability to display performance statistics geographically over a map. All reports within OPTIMA can be scheduled to run at future or regular interval intervals via a customisable report scheduler. This may be run on any client, however for regular reporting would tend to be hosted on a dedicated machine or the Web Server. Reports can be exported to HTML and automatically published via Web Wizard. OPTIMA Clients Three client options are available for OPTIMA: Integrated with ENTERPRISE: In this case the OPTIMA application appears as a toolbar within the ENTERPRISE tool suite. This option allows performance analysis to be integrated with planning functions. For example, performance data can be replayed on the geographical map overlaying coverage information.

OPTIMA Standalone: In this area, the OPTIMA client can be run independently from the ENTERPRISE tool suite. For example this may be the preferred access method for Operational Engineers who do not need the full planning integration. OPTIMA online: This allows access to the application via a browser over the company intranet (or internet if enabled). Two options are available: Access to the full client application can be supported using CitrixTM. This is suitable for users who require full access to all OPTIMA functionality. AIRCOM s Web Wizard application can be deployed to provide access to key data and reports. This also allows the ability to display performance statistics geographically over a map. This is useful for more casual users who only need access to specific data or reports Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 10 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence 5.1.2 OPTIMA Logical Architecture NETWORK DATA SUMMARY DATA QUALITY ARCHIVE & MAINTENANCE JOB SCHEDULAR MONITOR SCHEDULE CONFIGURE MAINTAIN SYSTEM LOGGING FILE ARCHIVE OPTIMA Mediation / ETL CONFIGURATION RAW COUNTERS SYSTEM LOGS DATA Layer KPIsSUMMARY FILTERS DATA DICTIONARY ABSTRACTION DATABASE PROCESSES OPTIMA Data Warehouse Windows Clients OPTIMA Client ENTERPRISE Client OPTIMA Application Windows Clients (Administration) OPTIMA Client ENTERPRISE Client Web Server REPORT SCHEDULING Application Server Fault Management Application On-line Clients Alarm Monitor PERFORMANCE MONITOR SYSTEM MONITOR ALARM INTERFACE Alarm Handler HANDLER External Data Repositories ENTERPRISE Database EXTERNAL DATA PLANNING AND CM DATA LOAD VALIDATE INTERACE

SPECIFIC PARSER TRANSFER Figure 3: Logical Architecture of an OPTIMA implementation The diagram above shows the logical architecture of an OPTIMA installation. The vendor equipment or OMC is configured to output performance data at regular reporting intervals and the parsers will automatically process this data when it is made available. The typical process for loading data is illustrated in the figure below and is a s follows: 1 The network logs PM data and regularly outputs data in file into a defined directory on the OMC or Element Manager device. For most network equipment the file creation interval is user configurable and would typically be 15 minutes or an hour. Each file may typically contain data for a number of different network elements and different types of measurement classes. SM data is collected from Network generated Call Detail Records (CDRs) or probe outputs (XDRs). 2 An OPTIMA Transfer component will regularly pole the OMC directory. When a new file is detected it will be automatically transferred to the parser input directory on a mediation device. The original file on the OMC may (optionally) be deleted. 3 An OPTIMA Parser component monitors the parser input directory and parses any files that are detected. Specific parsers are developed to match the file format for a particular interface. The parser converts the PM or SM data in the input file into a common OPTIMA file format; comma separated variable (csv). Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 11 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence Where the input file contains a number of different measurement classes, a csv file may be produced for each class. 4 If the input file is successfully parsed then it is (optionally) moved to an arc hive directory or deleted. If there is a problem in the file (for example it is corru pted) then it is moved to an Error directory and the Error details logged. 5 For PM data, An OPTIMA Loader component monitors the parser output directory. When a new csv file is detected this is loaded into the appropriate database table. The loader component may also combine or apply formulas to individual counters if required during the loading process. 6 If the csv file is successfully loaded then it is deleted or archived. Otherwise , it is moved to an Error directory and the Error details logged. 7 For SM data, as the volume of data being parsed ie CDRs or XDRs can affect performance, a specific SM summarisation module can be deployed that will summarize the data before loading. The result of the summary is then stored in the Oracle database. A number of SM Summarisation modules may be run in parallel to provide the required throughput. In order to effectively manage the volume of data in the OPTIMA database, there are programs that regularly summarise and delete old data, calculate busy hours and perform other database housekeeping activities. These are provided in an administrator configurable summary subsystem. A Data Quality subsystem also regularly monitors the completeness of data loaded providing user friendly repor ts to system administrators. This also handles re-summarisation when data arrives late. All OPTIMA data collection programs are scheduled and monitored by an OPTIMA scheduler program. This not only allows programs to be scheduled at regular intervals or overnight but also monitors all services and restarts these if nece ssary in the case of a failure. 5.1.3 Architecture Key Features The OPTIMA architecture and system components are designed to support the exacting system requirements for a PM and SM data collection, storage and analysis system: The system is designed to load data continuously 365 days a year. 24 hours a day,

Data is loaded as soon as it is available in the network.

Data is made available to all users as soon as it is in the database. The system is scalable to cost effectively accommodate increases in network size and the introduction of new interfaces. The system is designed for very high reliability and is able to operate in an unsupervised mode. A process monitor is deployed that monitors all components via heartbeat function and automatically restarts any failed process. The system is able to store very large volumes of data without degradation of loading or end-user performance. The data loading architecture minimises overheads on the database server, ensuring that the maximum resources are available for enduser queries and access. Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 12 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

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The system automatically handles late arriving and out of sequence data and provides user friendly system reports on the completeness of data statistics from the monitored network elements. 5.2 Vendor Interfaces OPTIMA supports multi-vendor, multi-technology networks and AIRCOM can provide interfaces for each vendor in an operator s network. Depending on the operator set-up, the data may either be made available from the vendor in data files or in an OMC database. AIRCOM can provide a vendor specific parser for either arrangement. Each interface is provided with a comprehensive library of KPIs, reports and modules which allows out of the box analysis and reporting functionality. Figure 4: The Siemens specific OPTIMA Parser 5.3 User Functions The following figure illustrates the main components of the OPTIMA system. Raw PM or SM counters and configuration data is loaded from the network and stored within the data layer. From this Summary Information and KPIs are derived within the Abstraction layer. Data from both of these layers is made available to the u ser within the Client and Administrator functions. Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 13 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence Client Abstraction Data Raw Counters Configuration Summary KPIs Data Dictionary Filters Data Explorer Browser Query Builder InspectorReporter Work Area / Favourites ReportSchedulerCustom Counters Filter Manager User Management Administration Alarm Manager Alarm Handler Figure 5: OPTIMA Software Architecture The key user modules illustrated in the above Figure are described in the follow ing sections. 5.3.1 OPTIMA Inspector OPTIMA Inspector enables users to select data modules from a module library and combine these, as required, to display specific information. Modules are use d in the same way that you would use a template, to customise the information you want to display. Using this user friendly method it is possible for users to bui ld up complex specific analysis functions and easily correlate data from different network elements. With OPTIMA Inspector you can: Manage modules and module combinations Define your own modules and module combinations to display any network data Retrieve, filter and chart large volumes of data Use filters to select data for specific network elements. For example define filters to show only problem cells or select a set of cells geographically on a map. Define counter thresholds, e.g. display all MSC s with processor load

over 90% Display data from any ORACLE database Load data from other ENTERPRISE tools, e.g. ASSET, DATASAFE, RANOPT Share data modules with other users or groups of users Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 14 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence Figure 6: A typical OPTIMA Module The powerful functionality provided by OPTIMA Inspector within the modular approach ensures that users can be confident in their ability to correctly displ ay and view information in a way that will improve problem solving, which will ultimately enhance the performance of the network. Data is displayed both within a data grid or graphically on a number of user specified chart types. Standard Excel-like features are provided for sorting, filtering, grouping and summarising data. In addition you can link modules to provide powerful drill down functions. In this way for example you can click on a problem cell and immediately display the key KPIs for that cell for the time per iod in question. Figure 7: Example of Grid functions in Inspector Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 15 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence 5.3.2 Reporter OPTIMA Reporter provides a flexible and user friendly environment for creating, organising and managing the distribution of reports. User friendly wizards and templates are provided to simplify ad-hoc report creation. Advanced features suc h as sub-reports and cross-tabs provide the functions to accommodate even the most complex reporting requirements. All report templates can be stored within the datastore for ease of distribution and access. Users can view or modify (if granted rights to do so) a report by select ing from an explorer based folder structure. Figure 8: OPTIMA Reporter OPTIMA Report Designer allows users full flexibility to specify the network data to be included in a report. With OPTIMA Reporter, users in an organisation have the ability to decide what information will be viewed and in the desired format, a powerful tool for any organisation. Users can always rely on having the latest relevant information, knowing that th ey are saving time and money by automating the complex process of generating quality reports. A key area of OPTIMA Reporter is the scheduling functionality, which allows for flexible automatic report distribution to any type of output device, e.g. PC, pr inter, e-mail, web site. An advanced feature allows the user to provide a condition to the report generation. For example a condition could be set to generate a report whi ch is triggered when, for example Congestion by Cell on a particular BSC indicates dropped calls over 4%. The scheduler allows users to set up reports for their ar eas of interest, then to schedule these reports to run at a convenient time. 5.3.3 OPTIMA Work Area OPTIMA Work Area gives users the flexibility to organise their user environment to match the particular activity being undertaken. Inspector combinations, reports and even external web pages can be docked into a common working area and are Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 16 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence available as tabbed pages. This means that all relevant information for a partic ular task can be quickly accessed and correlated greatly increasing working efficienc y. Key modules and reports can also be added to a favourites toolbar for instant access. OPTIMA Work Area can also be used to identify and display information about key aspects of your network that are under performing. It can monitor the values of specified performance counters, such as dropped call rates, call set-up failures , high congestion, etc. Options are provided to automatically update the informati on so that the latest recorded state of the network is always displayed. Figure 9: OPTIMA Work area. 5.3.4 Database Explorer and Query Builder The database explorer provides a user friendly overview of all data within the OPTIMA data warehouse and allows both advanced and occasional users to quickly retrieve any set of information. The module supports the following featu res: The ability to browse all data in the database using a simple tree structure. Data is organised into Raw Counters, KPIs, Configuration Information, System information or User Defined categories all configurable by the system administrator. A search facility is provided to allow the user to quickly find a counter or KPI. Counter values can be displayed in a grid or exported to Excel etc. Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 17 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

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The ability to define a database query via a user friendly drag and drop interface without the need for SQL entry. This provides the following features: o Drag and drop tables from the Data Explorer o Define table joins by graphically linking fields o Define data fields to be extracted, filter criteria, functions and grouping via user friendly input screens o Preview and edit SQL created o Preview data returned o Define filter fields for OPTIMA date-time selector and network selection filters The data explorer can be run standalone for ad-hoc data queries. It is also used to define modules within Inspector. Figure 10: Data Explorer A drag and drop expression builder is provided to simplify the addition of compl ex expressions in queries and to simplify the definition of custom counters or KPIs . The expression builder provides the following features: Add counters from a context sensitive lists by dragging onto the design area. Select available functions from categorised lists Prompts for function arguments Simple entry of mathematical and date functions Ability for administrators to add custom functions Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 18 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence Figure 11: Expression Builder 5.3.5 Administration Administration functions are provided in the tool to allow system administrators to configure the application to match the specific customer requirements. The following functions are supported: Add and edit custom counters or KPIs that apply specific formula(e) to collected performance data Define common KPIs that map across different vendors. For example a common user KPI such as Call Drop can be defined that utilises different vendor counters for each vendor within OPTIMA. Define and edit thresholds for counters to enable performance data exceeding such thresholds to be highlighted in OPTIMA or exported as an alarm event. Specify country specific holidays Add and administer users and groups of users Configure which groups of users have access to which reports and modules through a user friendly security system. Configure links to external database 5.3.6 Summary and Busy Hour Calculations The data generated by the Network and parsed and loaded into the OPTIMA database is likely to be of a high granularity (ie. short intervals between samp les). OPTIMA is designed to store this information for any period of time but this can lead to significant storage requirements for the database. For this reason many operators elect to archive old data and store a summary only. For example the operator may be interested in a granularity of 15 minutes for data up to a month old but any data older, they would like to see summarised to an hour and any dat a older than a year they would like to see summarised to a day, week, month and so on. Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 19 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence AIRCOM provides a fully configurable summary program that can be scheduled to run at user specified times. When the summarised to a table with a lower time resolution it can the higher resolution table. Processes are also provided that ata achieves this and data has been then be archived from handle late arriving d

updating summaries if required. Network planning and performance engineers are usually mostly interested in the behaviour of the network when it is experiencing its greatest load. This is term ed the busy hour and operators will be interested in keeping a copy of the performance data during this hour longer than the other hours of the day. Tables can also be generated that hold data for the busiest hours of the week, month an d kept for longer periods than daily busy hour data. Multiple busy hours can also be defined. 5.3.7 KPI/KQI Mapping OPTIMA stores all raw performance counters generated by the network. However for reporting purposes it may be more useful to aggregate the raw counters into higher level KPIs eg call drop, connection rate etc. OPTIMA provides flexible solutions that allow an administrator to define KPIs that are then available for all users. The performance counters and what they measure are different across different vendors therefore the formula for a KPI for one network may look very different to that on another. In addition, a KPI formula may be composed of a very large number of counters and sub counters. It is for this reason that AIRCOM provide a KPI mapping facility between vendors. With this option users can use a single KP I (eg call drop) for all cells within a multi-vendor network. This can greatly sim plify the creation of reports and modules. 5.3.8 Archiving An operator may want to keep a copy of the data longer than they want to store i t in the OPTIMA database. This could be for the purpose of re-investigating previous anomalous behaviour on the network that has re-occurred. This may be achieved by writing the relevant datafiles to a tape or separate disk. 5.3.9 Profiling It is important for an operator to efficiently dimension a network for current a nd forecast use. This enables cost effective deployment of expensive vendor equipment and helps to minimise lost revenue due to traffic rejected due to unavailable channels. In order to predict the future traffic on network a forecasting algorithm is req uired

that uses as inputs the current and historical trend values of offered traffic a nd the ErlangB formula. In order to achieve this AIRCOM have developed the Cell Profiler program. Using this program the operator can forecast future traffic gro wth based on historical data and therefore identify which cells will possibly requir e upgrade in the near future. The following shows a screen print of the Cell Profiler program. The interface enables the user to choose the process parameters such as the number of past weeks used, minimum available data threshold, number of future weeks to be forecast and in this example a scaling factor for the TCH and SDCCH channels of an operators GSM network. Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 20 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence Figure 12: Illustrates a Cell Profiler screen 5.3.10 Service Management The Service management module collects data from 2G, 2.5G or 3G Network generated Call Detail Records (CDRs) or probe outputs (XDRs). and calculates per-call or per-event analysis to measure QoS in the network. The module is capable of carrying out time based correlation of Indicators, KPIs and KQIs taken from different network elements or their signalling interfaces, Billing, o r XDR sources and summarise them into consolidated, analytical readable reports. Some typical uses of OPTIMA for network operation and service management are: Optimise the service delivered to customers from their perspective Direct OSS engineers to the areas which are most affecting the customers service Monitor and analyse individual service performance across your network, including SMS, MMS, WWW, WAP etc Develop a clear picture of how the network performs over time, based upon the most important metric - customer perception as the data is sourced from call data records Integrated with Optima s Performance Management systems to gain a complete picture of how customers are being served Correlate network element downtime with customer-experienced quality degradations Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 21 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence Figure 13: 3G Indicator report- Transfer Delay The Optima SM module is fully integrated within the Optima solution providing the full power or Optima s advanced analysis and reporting capabilities to be utilised on both SM and PM data. Key performance and marketing indicator reports that would be supported by the SM modules as standard are: Best performing or worst performing cells for each service Locations with the heaviest data transactions Locations most called from Locations with the longest call duration Locations with the highest number of calls Locations with the lowest data transactions Locations least called from Locations with shortest call duration Locations with the least number of calls Subscribers with the heaviest data transactions Subscribers with the highest MoU Subscriber with highest number of calls Customers with the lowest data transactions Subscriber with least number of calls Subscribers with the least MoU Most accessed services Least accessed services Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 22 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

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Best performing or worst performing APNs for each QoS indicator Best/Worst performing handset for each service 5.3.11 Performance Alarm Management The OPTIMA Alarm module provides the ability to define thresholds and conditions on performance data that can generate alarm events into a fault management system. This provides significant user benefits: It allows an operator to be pro-active rather than re-active to network alarms. For example an alarm can be generated based on a trend in average traffic before hard capacity thresholds are triggered on a network element. By immediately alerting engineers to problems it provides the opportunity for faster response to potential service affecting performance issues, increasing network quality and customer satisfaction. It provides the ability to automatically monitor many performance KPIs for the whole network and only respond the critical issues. This can provide significant cost savings in optimisation and OSS engineers. It allows an operator to have common procedures for performance related and network related alerts, for example in out-of-hours support and trouble-ticketing, resulting in improved efficiency and cost reduction. It gives the operator the ability to monitor abnormal behavior in the network. For example alarms can be generated when the performance of a KPI on a cell changes significantly from the normal behavior even though the performance may remain within operational thresholds. It provides the ability to correlate performance related alarms with network generated alarms to aid in root cause analysis. For example if traffic increases on one cell this may be due to a failure in a neighboring cell. Provides the operator with the potential to supplement the standard network alarms that a vendor supports and potentially overcomes any limitations in these. Technical Implementation The implementation of the OPTIMA Alarm module is illustrated in the following figure. Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 23 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence Figure 14: Optima Alarm Module A user friendly Alarm GUI allows an administrator to define and administer alarm s. All alarm definitions are stored within the OPTIMA datastore. A separate alarm service poles the database at user defined intervals and tests all active alarm definitions against data that has been loaded from the network. All alarm set an d clear events are stored in the OPTIMA data warehouse and made available to FM systems via a defined interface. Figure 15: Alarm Explorer Key Features User friendly GUI for an administrator to specify and manage alarm definitions Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 24 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

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Complete flexibility for an administrator to define trigger thresholds including: o Multiple thresholds per counter o The ability to define thresholds on any raw counters, KPIs or combinations of counters including formulas o Complex thresholds e.g. deviation from average o Threshold on summary data including busy hour o The ability to define different thresholds for different time periods e.g. weekends, out-of-hours etc. The ability to define different thresholds for set and clear, allowing the ability to provide hysteresis on alarm thresholds. The ability to define a ripple count for each alarm definition. This means that the alarm is not triggered until the threshold has been crossed for the specified number of samples, or time period. The network element may remain alarmed until the performance falls back inside user defined clear thresholds for a user defined period of time. Ability to set thresholds for any granularity of source data with a user defined poling interval per alarm definition. A fully scalable architecture with separation of the alarm definition from the alarm processing. For the most demanding requirements there is also the ability to distribute the alarm processing across multiple workstations. A full audit log for alarm definition definitions, when and by whom records all changes to alarm

Full flexibility to define which network elements are monitored for each alarm definition the administrator can select all, groups, or individual network elements (e.g. cells) to be included. Full flexibility to define the alarm description including user defined options for: o Alarm severity o Vendor description o Element type o Technology Type o Alarm Description An advanced feature is that the alarm description can also include any counter value or formula. This allows dynamic messages to be created based on real counter values derived when the alarm is

triggered. This allows for very informative alarm messages. All alarm events are stored in the OPTIMA database for reporting and analysis. Optima provides a configurable and flexible alarm handler that allows users or groups of users to be alerted to specified alarms via e-mail or SMS. Alternatively an interface can be provided to third party fault management systems. Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 25 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence 6 Technical Specifications 6.1 Server and Data Loading Platforms Oracle 9i or 10g with Partitioning Option Windows: 2000 or 2003 Server Unix:Sun Solaris 9,10 HP-UX 11 Full hardware and software redundancy options supported Support for SAN and RAID disk configurations 6.2 Client Pentium III or higher Windows 2000, XP Pro Integrates with Microsoft Office 97 or higher 6.3 Supported Data Any counter type: Peg Gauge Accumulator Scanner Discrete distributed measurements PDF measurements Custom Generic Data interfaces: ASCII CSV XML ASN.1 ODBC SNMP Direct Oracle Link Vendors Supported: Ericsson

Nokia Siemens Motorola Nortel Alcatel Lucent Huawei Interwave 6.4 Data Storage Unlimited raw counter storage (dependent only on disk allocation) Any data granularity supported Administrator defined data storage and archiving periods Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 26 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

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Administrator defined summary options including daily, weekly, monthly, busy hour. Complete flexibility to define summary and rollup functions per counter including sum, average, max, min, user defined User defined busy hours including multiple busy hours per element 6.5 Report Output Formats Report Archiving Format (*.RAF) Comma Separated Values (*.CSV) Acrobat Reader File (*.PDF) XHML Rich Text Format (*.RTF) Hyper Text Markup Format (*.HTML) Excel File (*.XLS) Bitmap File (*.BMP) JPEG File Interchange Format (*.JPEG) Tagged Image File Format (*.TIFF) 6.6 Report Output Types Printer File zipped-file e-mail 6.7 Report Scheduling Ability to schedule any report by date and time All output options supported Conditional scheduling 6.8 Graph Types Over 100 standard chart types including: Line Area Bar Point

Pie Bubble Arrow Gantt Shape Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 27 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence

Commercial in Confidence 6.9 Graph Output Formats Metafile Enhanced Metafile Bitmap JPEG PNG GIF PCX Author: Dominic Kirsten OPTIMA Technical Overview Page 28 of 28 Date: 23 October 2006 I-SM-SR-EM-OP-004 Commercial in Confidence