horizontal and sella-nasion.

The horizontal reference plane was, on the average, 6 tlcgrccs inferior to the FH and 12 degrees inferior to the SN line.

Treatment I. Overbite W. 1. Bresonis,

Cniversity of

and and

Posttreatment Overjet

Changes

in Orthodontic

Cases.

D.D.S. Maryland,

Baltimore,

Md.

Pretreatment, posttreatment, and postretention study models from sixty-six orthodontically treated cases were examined at the State of New York Department of Health, Bureau of Dental Health. Thirteen cases were disqualified, leaving fifty-three cases which were sorted according to Angles classification. Overbite and overjet data were assembled, statistically analyzed, and tabulated for each of the different classes of malocclusion, leading to the following conclusions : 1. When total overbite correction and relapse were examined, the sample as a whole showed continued posttreatment decrease in overbite. Both Class I and Class III malocclusions exhibited this same pattern, while Class II, Division 1 and Division 2 malocclusions showed, respectively, 30 per cent and 16 per cent posttreatment increases in overbite. 2. The total overjet relapse in Class I cases were 5 per cent, and in Class II, Division 1 cases it was 10 per cent. The whole sample showed a posttreatment relapse in overjet of 8 per cent. 3. The average relapse of those cases that did relapse was, at all times, less than 2.0 mm. in all parameters measured. 4. The ability to predict relapse potential needs to be assessed further according to more refined classifications of malocclusion, the types of treatment, and the characteristics of the patient.
Elastic P. Michael ligatures: Echols,
of

Binding D.D.S.

Forces

and

Anchorage

Taxation

Ckversity

Varyland,

Baltimore,

Ma.

An eval-uation was made to determine the forces necessary for linear displacement of arch wires of various sizes ligated into an 0.022 inch edgewise bracket with Ormolast 110 and Alastic A-l regular elastic ligatures. The ligature samples mere used intraorally for a period of 2 weeks in patients under treatment. These ligatures were then removed and used to ligate and 0.016, 0.018, 0.020, or 0.019 by 0.025 inch arch wire. A force of 50 rt 11 grams was required to displace an 0.016 inch arch wire through an edgewise bracket using an Alastic A-l. A force of 112 + 21 grams was required to displace linearly the 0.019 by 0.025 inch arch wire ligated with an Ormolast. In general, the heavier the arch

An Evaluation Direct Bonding

of the Mechanical Properties Techniques In Vivo

of Two Recent

Stanley Felsen, D.D.S.

lloward University, Washington,

Il. (.

A comparative study of ixo direct bonding techniques was conducted on fifteen adult male patients. Half of each patient,% teeth received one manufacturers product, and the remaining teeth received another companys product. The plastic brackrts were tctstctl for stress, tensile strength, and resistance to torquing forces at the time of initial placement of the brackets and 30 days after placement. Each compan~s product fulfillrtl the shear and stress requirements needed to tlelivcr orthodontic forces to the t,cc%heffectively via plastic brackets. Minimal torquing forces (aan bc incorporated with acceptable results if considerat.ion is given to the flexibilit?- of the plastic bracket,. Torquing auxiliaries can bc used to aceomplish the nccessa ry tooth mowment without deforming the plastic brackets. The loss of 16 per cdcnt OFthe brackets seems to indicat,e that the strength of the adhesivc materials is insuficient to withstaild normal masticatory forces in t,he lowtbr anterior segincnt. f~urthcr investigations must be undertaken to improve both the strength of the material used in bracket fabrication and thtl design of the bracket. Such inlpro\-cments would raise t,hc clinical reliability of t&c direct l)ontling s\-stems and extend the scope of their application throughout, the orthodontic specialt?-.

Cephalofacial Individuals

Characteristics With Sickle-Cell

of North Disease

American

Black

Charles W. Epps, D.D.S. Howard University, Washington,

D. C.

Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of fifty North American Negroes with sickle-cell anemia. The radiographs were tracctl in the standard manner ant1 the analyses of I)owns and Steiner were used. Data from both analJTses were compared to data gatherctl bv Rltcmus on normal Kegroes. The mean values from both analyses indicated an increased angulation of the lower border of the mandible for the sickle-cell group. The mean values for the Downs analysis also indicated a tendency toward mandibular retrusion among the