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PROJECT REPORT ON
AT
PROF.Dr.MILIND.A.KULKARNI
SUBMITTED TO UNIVERSITY OF PUNE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
THROUGH DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES S.T.E.S, SMT. KASHIBAI NAVALE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNE. (2011-13)
DECLAIRATION
I undersigned Mr. Rayewar Kunal Kanchan hereby declare that that the project report entitled The complete and critical analysis of market position of coca-cola company Written and submitted by me is an original work done by me . The empirical finding and data collected in this project are based on the information collected by me through fieldwork and cold calling. I have not copied from any report submitted to any of the University/Institute. I understand that any coping is liable to be punishable by authorities.
Signature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have great pleasure in submitting this project report on The complete and critical analysis of market position of coca-cola company. The completion of this project is dream come true with the help of all our well-wishers. I take this opportunity to express my deep of gratitude to all those people who helped me right from beginning to the end of this project and always stood by me in the time of confusion and problems. I am very thankful to Mr. Manoj Pathak, Regional manager, Coca-cola, Pune for giving me a chance to carry out this project. I would also like to thank Mr. Jitendra Dangi, Territory manager for guiding me for the project. I would also like to thanks Prof, Dr M. R. Shaikh .H.O.D. of management department of SKNCOE, Pune for his valuable guidance regarding the project. I am also grateful to Prof. Milind Kulkarni for his valuable guidance and his co-operative and constructive suggestions in completing this project. I am deeply indebted to Prof.Samruddhi Borawake, Prof Harsha Gandhi and Prof Bhushan Raigaonkar for their encouragement, without their help completion of this project was impossible. I would like to acknowledge all my family members & friends for their help and support. Lastly, I convey my gratitude to all those who are directly or indirectly related to this project and helped me to complete this project report. Once again I express my gratitude to Coca-Cola India for their kind co-operation. Thanks & Regards, Rayewar Kunal Kanchan
CONTENTS
Chapter No. Title Page No.
Introduction
Research methodology
Bibliography
Appendix
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
LIST OF GRAPHS
Graph No. Title Page No.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Executive Summary
The soft drinks and beverages can be said to be as old as a civilization of man. Softdrinks are known as refresher and man need to refresh himself in the time of his thirst, fatigue & dullness. The conventional Indian soft drink pattern includes Lemon juice. Butter milk, lassi etc. With entry of British India got westernized and synthetic soft drinks, which were part of the dominant life style of the western world came flooding into India. The soft drinks market in the advanced economies like the US is saturated or in some cases has declining sales. Given a fast growth rate of the Indian GDP, and consequently, higher levels of income distribution in the population, Coca-Cola is increasingly turning to emerging economies like India to sustain its global growth . The Indian packaged food market is huge with the packaged tea and biscuit segments on top. Although soft drinks constitute the third largest segment, compared to other developing countries the market penetration is still very low. This indicates a further potential for rapid growth. It is a telling point that the average per capita consumption of soft drinks in the US is 700 bottles per capita / year, while in India it is only 10 bottles a year; the rural areas with an estimated 700 million people accounting for only 4 bottles per capita / year. According to a report by Euro monitor International, soft drinks in India have been estimated to have a market of 3.108 million US $. Soft drink volume sales are expected to rise by 8.6% per year. The sales of bottled water are also expected to rise rapidly in the next five years with an annual growth rate of 16.5%. Growing health awareness and increasing demand for hygienic products will fuel the dynamic growth of juices by an annual rate of almost 22%.Penetration in rural markets will also contribute to sales increase in soft drinks, (Euro monitor International 2011). India is a unique market for Coca-Cola in that; it is one of the few markets, where Cocacola does have an opportunity to increase its market share. Its biggest competitor is a Pepsi. Feel good segment which has been Coca-Colas consistent strategy. However, Pepsi which has true to its global image always been seen as a young, trendy brand.
This project was undertaken during the summer Training. A great deal of effort has been put in preparing the questionnaire, in order to understand the market better. This report has been prepared with a specific purpose in mind. We have in our project attempted to completely understand Coca-Colas current brand image, efficiency of distribution channel, market share, most preferred brands and packs or sizes, Density of visi-coolers and its condition(purity),awareness of the retailers, Positioning, and the inherent equity in the brand, and compared it with Pepsis. The project outlines the history and current scenario of the Coca-Cola Company globally and locally. The first part of the study takes us through the present state of affairs of the beverage industry and Coca-Cola Company globally. The report contains a brief introduction of Coca Cola Company and Coca-Cola India and a detailed view of the tasks, which have been undertaken to analyze the market of Coca-Cola i.e. we have performed Competitive, SWOT analysis of Coca-Cola Company and SWOT analysis of Coca-Cola India in order to identify areas of potential growth for Coca-Cola. We have also given a brief description of Trends and Forces that are affecting Coca-Cola Company globally. The report contains a brief introduction of Coca Cola. The company COCA COLA has interests in various sectors and they provide consistent quality products to meet their costumers requirement worldwide. This report clearly mentions objective of the study and the research methodology utilized, both primary data and secondary data. The data collection method used is structured non disguised questionnaire in which the types of questions used are open ended, multiple choice and close ended. The report contains a detailed view of the tasks, which have been undertaken to analyze the market of COCA COLA. The details of the methodology are stated below. The research area is PUNE. Data collection method structured non designed questionnaire.
Types of questions used open ended, multiple choice and close ended. Sampling method is random sampling. After the collection of data, the analysis was made and certain conclusions, Recommendations were made to company.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction:1.1
Background of the study:
With the development of world and human being, the taste, need and the attitude of human being also changes. India is one of the common market in the world with a population of more than one billion. Soft drink is a popular common product which is generally purchased by consumers for quenching their thirst in summer and also to have cooling refreshment. As far as the market of soft drinks is concerned, it is facing cut throat competition from the larger number of soft drinks available in the market. Different brands are available in every segment of flavors, but the attitudes of the consumers differ from each other due to several factors. Every company tries to increase their market share and their sales volume. Discounting system followed by the companies proved to be an essential factor to boost up the purchases made by the retailers. The companies try to attract the retailers to purchase more by providing some schemes or incentives or cash/card discount. If more discount or any other incentive scheme is given to the outlets, they make purchases to avail that offer. Therefore, it is essential for any company to have an efficient and effective discounting system and distribution system. Distribution is the spine of any FMCG company. The main function of a retailer is to bridge the gap between the supplier and the customer. The central focus of distribution is to increase the efficiency of time, place, and delivery utility. For any FMCG product it is essential to have a good distribution network which should be better than that of its competitors. Distribution is the key area for any FMCG business. For a smooth distribution network, it is essential to keep the retail outlets satisfied which in turn mainly depend upon the profitability. Their profitability is checked by keeping a satisfied profit margin for them. Apart from that, the company also provides discount on purchase of different pack sizes to some HVOs which in turn increases their profit margin. Sometimes the company also provides incentives to the outlets which make frequent and high purchases. To meet stiff and challenging competition from some of the other brands, it is essential for the company to have an effective and efficient distribution network.
Therefore, the company tries to keep the outlets satisfied by offering discounts and some other incentive schemes from time to time. The company also provides some other facilities like Visi Coolers, stands, signage, etc. This report is to investigate Coca Cola Company. On this coursework I will look at the company on all aspects from their business functions, organizational structures to the company's objectives. I would have to look at the departments within the business and the functional areas within these departments, also look at the different management styles within the business looking at the organizational structure. The Coca-Cola Company is the world's leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. Throughout the world, no other brand is an immediately recognizable as Coca Cola. With operations in more than 200 countries, a diverse workforce comprised of more than 200 different nationalities, communicating in more than 100 different languages, The Coca Cola Company is part of the fabric of life in each of the communities they serve throughout the world. It operates as a local business partner, providing quality in the marketplace, enhancing the workplace, preserving the environment and strengthening the community. Under this project we have studied about the Coca-Cola beverages company. For this we have studied about the products in different segment. A comparative Analysis is made of different segments to know which the most preferred brand is by the consumer, in each segment. Under this we have research about the various functions and facilities, marketing, brand awareness of company.
1.2
Company Profile:
JOHN PEMBERTON This story begins in Atlanta, Georgia on May 8, 1886, when a pharmacist called Dr. John Smith Pemberton first mixed Coca-Cola in his back yard. This formula, which was made from carbonated water, cane sugar syrup, caffeine, extracts of kola nuts and cola leaves, was brought to the nearby Jacobs Pharmacy where it made its Debut as a soft drink the same day, The world has changed in many ways since pharmacist; John Stith Pemberton first introduced the refreshing taste of Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia. The name and the product mean so many things to hundreds of Millions of consumers around the globe. The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) is the worlds largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and
still brands. Led by Coca-Cola, the worlds most valuable brand, the Companys portfolio features 15 billion dollar brands including Diet Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Coca-Cola Zero, vitaminwater, Powerade, Minute Maid, Simply and Georgia. Globally, they are the No. 1 provider of sparkling beverages, juices and juice drinks and ready-to-drink teas and coffees. Through the worlds largest beverage distribution system, consumers in more than 200 countries enjoy the Companys beverages at a rate of 1.7 billion servings a day. May1886 - Pemberton concocted caramel-colored syrup in a three-legged brass kettle in his backyard. He first "distributed" the new product by carrying Coca-Cola in a jug down the street to Jacobs Pharmacy. For five cents, consumers could enjoy a glass of Coca-Cola at the soda fountain. Whether by design or accident, Carbonated water was teamed with the new syrup, producing a drink that was proclaimed "Delicious and Refreshing." Dr. Pemberton's partner and bookkeeper, Frank M. Robinson, suggested the name and penned, in the unique flowing script that is famous worldwide today. Dr. Pembertons Partner and bookkeeper, Mr. Frank Robinson, suggested the name and penned as Coca-Cola in the unique flowing script that is still famous worldwide today. Dr. Pembertons sold 25 gallons of syrup, shipped in bright Red wooden kegs. Red has been a distinctive color associated with the No.1 soft drink brand ever since. For his efforts, Dr. Pemberton grossed $ 50 and spent $ 73.96 on advertising, by 1891, Atlanta chemist as a
G.Canler had acquired complete ownership of the Coca-Cola business. He purchases it from the Dr.Pemberton family for $ 2300. Within 4 year his merchandising flair helped to expand the consumption of Coca-Cola to over $25 million. Robert W. woodruff become the president of the Coca-Cola company in 1923 and his more than six decades of leadership took the business of commercial success making Coca-Cola an institution the world over. Coca-Cola begins as a never tonic, but candy merchant Joseph A. Biedenharn of Mississippi was looking for awry to serve refreshing beverages. He responded to this demand began offering bottle Coca-Cola using syrup shipped from Atlanta, during a hot summer in 1894.
1940sPostwar growth:
During the war, 64 bottling plants were set up around the world to supply the troops. This followed an urgent request for bottling equipment and materials from General Eisenhower's base in North Africa. Many of these war-time plants were later converted to civilian use, permanently enlarging the bottling system and accelerating the growth of the Company's worldwide business.
21stCentury.:
The Coca-Cola bottling system grew up with roots deeply planted in local communities. This heritage serves the Company well today as people seek brands that honor local identity and the distinctiveness of local markets. As was true a century ago, strong locally based relationships between Coca-Cola bottlers, customers and communities are the foundation on which the entire business grows.
One of the worlds largest signs for coca-cola is located on a hill called ELHACHA in America, Chile. It is 400 feet wide and 131 feet high and is made from 70,000, 26 ounce bottles.
The first outdoor paint sign advertising coca-cola still exists. It was painted in 1894 in Cartersville, Georgia.
Coca-cola is one of the worlds most recognizable trademarks recognized in countries that account for 98 percent of the worlds population.
If all the coca-cola ever produced were in 8- ounce bottles. And these bottles were distributed to each person in the world. There would be 678 bottles or over 42 gallons for each person.
If all the coca-cola ever produced were in 8 ounce bottles, placed side by side and end to end to from a lane highway, it would wrap around the earth 82 times.
If all the coca-cola ever produced were flowing over Niagara fall at its normal rate of 105 million gallons per second instead of water, the falls would flow for about a day and a half 38 hours and 46 minutes.
The largest representation of the worlds best known package 100 foot tall glass contour bottle is located at world of coca-cola, LAS VEGAS.
Today, there are over 800 low- and no-calorie beverages in our portfolio.
More than 100 low- and no- calorie beverages were launched in 2011.
In 2010, the Company and Foundation spent almost $12 million in support of health and wellness and active, healthy lifestyle programs.
Studies have shown that Coca-Cola is among the Most-admired and best-known trademarks in the world. In fact, it is documented that Coca-Cola is the second-most widely understood term in the world, after okay.
If all the Coca-Cola ever produced was in 8-ounce contour bottles, and these bottles were laid end to end, they would reach to the moon and back 2,051 times. That is one round trip per day for five years, seven months and 14 days.
Thirsty consumers around the globe now enjoy Coca-Cola Company products 1.7 billion times every single dayabout 19,400 beverages every second.
If all the Coca-Cola ever produced were in 8-ounce contour bottles, and these bottles were distributed to each person in the world, there would be 1,104 bottles per person.
deal with Parle Coke almost a clear sweep and made it goal as To become an all occasion drink not a special treat beverage. The Coca-Cola Company re-entered India through its wholly owned subsidiary, CocaCola India Private Limited and re-launched Coca-Cola in 1993 after the opening up of the Indian economy to foreign investments in 1991. Since then its operations have grown rapidly through a model that supports bottling operations, both company owned as well as locally owned and includes over 7,000 Indian distributors and more than 1.3 million retailers. Today, their brands are the leading brands in most beverage segments. The Coca-Cola Companys brands in India include Coca-Cola, Fanta Orange, Fanta Apple, Limca, Sprite, Thums Up, Burn, Kinley, Maaza, Maaza Milky Delite, Minute Maid Pulpy Orange, Minute Maid Nimbu Fresh and Nestea Iced tea, the Georgia Gold range of teas and coffees and Vitingo (a beverage fortified with micronutrients). In India, the Coca-Cola system comprises of a wholly owned subsidiary of The CocaCola Company namely Coca-Cola India Private Ltd which manufactures and sells concentrate and beverage bases and powdered beverage mixes, a Company-owned bottling entity, namely, Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Ltd; thirteen authorized bottling partners of The CocaCola Company, who are authorized to prepare, package, sell and distribute beverages under certain specified trademarks of The Coca-Cola Company; and an extensive distribution system comprising of their customers, distributors and retailers. Coca-Cola India Private Limited sells concentrate and beverage bases to authorized bottlers who are authorized to use these to produce their portfolio of beverages. These authorized bottlers independently develop local markets and distribute beverages to grocers, small retailers, supermarkets, restaurants and numerous other businesses. In turn, these customers make their beverages available to consumers across India. The Coca-Cola Company has invested nearly USD 1.1 billion in its operations in India since its re-entry back into India in 1992. The Coca-Cola system in India directly employs over 25,000 people including those on contract. The system has created indirect employment for more than 1, 50,000 people in related industries through its vast procurement, supply and distribution system. They strive to ensure that their work environment is safe and inclusive and that there are plentiful opportunities for our people in India and across the world.
The beverage industry is a major driver of economic growth. A National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) study on the carbonated soft-drink industry indicates that this industry has an output multiplier effect of 2.1. This means that if one unit of output of beverage is increased, the direct and indirect effect on the economy will be twice of that. In terms of employment, the NCAER study notes that an extra production of 1000 cases generates an extra employment of 410 man days. As a Company, their products are an integral part of the micro economy particularly in small towns and villages, contributing to creation of jobs and growth in GDP. Coca-Cola in India is amongst the largest domestic buyers of certain agricultural products. As an industry which has strong backward and forward linkages, their operations catalysis growth in demand for products like glass, plastic, refrigeration, transportation, and Industrial and agricultural products. Their operations also lead to incremental growth for enterprises engaged in post production activities like merchandising, marketing and sales. In addition, they share best practices and technological advancements with their suppliers, vendors and allied industries which often lead to improvement in the overall standards of quality across industries. The Coca-Cola Company has always placed high value on good citizenship. Their basic proposition entails that their Companys business should refresh the market; enrich the workplace; protect and preserve the environment; and strengthen the community. They leverage their unique strengths to actively support and respond to local needs -- be it the need for education, health, water or nutrition. They have used their distribution network for disaster relief, their marketing prowess to raise awareness on issues such as PET recycling, and their presence in communities to improve access to education and potable water. The Coca-Cola India Foundation is now taking forward in the community at large, projects and programs of social relevance to carry forward the message of inclusive growth and development.
OUR MISSION:
Our Road map starts with our mission, which is enduring. It declares our purpose as a Company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our actions and decisions. To refresh the world... To inspire moments of optimism and happiness... To create value and make a difference
OUR VISION:
Our vision serves as the framework for our Road map and guides every aspect of our business by describing what we need to accomplish in order to continue achieving sustainable, quality growth. People: Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be Portfolio: Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy peoples desires and needs Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value. Planet: Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities. Profit: Maximize long-term return to share owners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities Productivity: Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization
Leadership: The courage to shape a better future Collaboration: Leverage collective genius Integrity: Be real Accountability: If it is to be, its up to me Passion: Committed in heart and mind Diversity: As inclusive as our brands Quality: What we do, we do well
WORK SMART:
Act with urgency Remain responsive to change Have the courage to change course when needed Remain constructively discontent Work efficiently
BE THE BRAND:
Inspire creativity, passion, optimism and fun.
F) PRODUCT PROFILE:
DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COMPANY: The Coca-Cola Company offers a wide range of products to the customers including beverages, fruit juices and bottled mineral water. The Company is always looking to innovate and come up with, either complete new products or new ways to bottle or pack the existing drinks. The Coca-Cola Company has a wide range of products out of which the following products are marketed by HCCBPL:
Coca-Cola: Developed in a brass pot in 1886, coca-cola is the most recognized and admired trademark around the globe. Not to mention the best selling soft drink in the world.
Sprite:
In 1961, a citrus-flavored drink made its U.S debut, using Sprite Boy as inspiration for its name. This elf with silver hair and a big smile was used in 1940s advertising for CocaCola. Sprite is now the fastest growing major soft drink in U.S and the worlds most popular lemon-lime soft drink.
Fanta :
The name fanta was first registered as a trademark in Germany in 1941 ,when it was used for a few year for a soft drink created from available materials and flavors . The name was then revived in 1955 in Naples, Italy, when it was used for the: fanta orange drink we know today. It is now the trademark name for a line of flavored drinks around the world.
Diet coke:
The extension of the coca-cola name began in 1982 with the introduction of diet coke (also called coca-cola light in some countries). Diet coke quickly becomes the number one selling low calorie soft drink in the world.
LIMCA:
It is thirst-quenching beverage features a fresh and light lemon-lime taste and lighthearted attitude. The limca brand was introduced in 1971 and acquired by the coca-cola company in 1993.
MAAZA: Maaza, launched in 1984 and acquired by the coca-cola company in 1993, is a non carbonated mango soft drink with a rich, juice & natural mango taste.
THUMPS UP:
In 1993, the Coca-Cola company acquired this brand, which was originally introduced in 1977. Its strong and fizzy taste makes it unique carbonated Indian cola.
KINLEY:The importance of water can never be understated, Particularly in a nation such as India where water governs the lives of the millions, be it as a part of everyday ritual or as the monsoon which gives life to the sub continent. Kinley water comes with the assurance of safety from the Coca-Cola Company.
MINUTE MAID PULPY ORANGE:The history of the Minute Maid brand goes as far back as 1945 when the Florida Food Corporation developed orange juice powder. The company developed a process that eliminated 80% of the water in the orange juice, forming a frozen concentrate that when reconstitute created orange juice. They branded it Minute Maid a name connoting the convenience and the ease of preparation. Minute Maid thus moved from a powdered concentrate to the first ever orange juice from concentrate. The launch of Minute Maid in India started with the south of the country.
NUMBER OF BOTTLES IN A CASE 1 CARATE (200ML,250ML,300ML) 600ML 1.2LT 1.25LT 2LT 400ML 24 24 12 12 9 24
A) At Global Level:
1) Muhtar Kent
Chairman of the board& chief executive officer.
3) Steve Cahillane President and Chief Executive Officer, Coca-Cola Refreshments USA
4) Wendy Clark
Senior Vice President, Integrated Marketing Communications and Capabilities
5) Sandy Douglas
President, Coca-Cola North America
6) Irial Finan
President, Bottling Investments Executive Vice President
7) Rick Frazier
Vice President, Supply Chain
8) Carletta Ooton
Chief Quality and Product Integrity Officer Vice President
9) Dominique Reiniche
President, Europe Group
B) At Indian Level:
RVP
AGM/AOD
FINANCE
MARKETING
RTM MANAGER
SALES MANAGER
PRODUCTION
HR
ACCOUNTS
MARKETING EXECUTIVES
ASM
STL
MD
2) SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution channel system. To check the brand availability. To analyze the effectiveness of the schemes launched by the company. To find the retailers satisfaction. To ensure the availability & visibility of the product. To cheque the purity & location of visi-cooler. To give valued suggestion to the company.
CHAPTER 2
DISTRUBUTION:
HCCBPL has a wide and well managed network of salesmen appointed for taking up the responsibility of distribution of products to diverse parts of the cities. The distribution channels are constructed in such a way that the demand of customers is fulfilled at the right place and the right time when it is needed by them. The customers of the Company are divided into different categories and different routes, and every salesman is assigned to one particular route, which is to be followed by him on a daily basis. A detailed and well organized distribution system contributes to the efficiency of the salesmen. It also leads to low costs, higher sales and higher efficiency thereby leading to higher profits to the firm. Distribution of coca cola is done basically in two ways:-
But the distribution of Coca Cola varies from place to place. In India Coca Cola is doing his distribution by direct operation, indirect operation & by both also. Especially in PUNE coca cola is doing its distribution by both direct operation & indirect operation.
Production --- Plant Warehouse --- Depot Warehouse --- Distribution Warehouse --- Retail Stock --- Retail Shelf --- Consumer
The customers of the Company are divided into different categories and different routes, and every salesman is assigned to one particular route(PJP), which is to be followed by him on a daily basis. A detailed and well-organized distribution system contributes to the efficiency of the salesmen.
Coca-cola Company distributes their schemes according to area. Area or place where soft drinks sold in a large manner, on those place company gives good schemes to shopkeeper and retailer. Place like railway station bus stand are consider in this category and place which have low selling where company gives small schemes to the shopkeeper.
DIRECT OPERATION:
Here company does its distribution by himself. There is no role of middle man. Every activities of a distribution process is under the control of the company. Here coca cola runs its own vehicles in that particular area for the distribution. By direct operation company gains a lot. The direct operation of the coca cola is as follows:-
COMPANY
COMPANY DSD
RETAILERS
CONSUMERS
INDIRECT OPERATION:
Here in the distribution process middlemans role came into existence. In coca cola the distributor is the middle man. Everything is not under the control of the company. Basically Coca Cola Company selects a person for some specific areas for the distribution process.
COMPANY
COMPANY DEPOT
DISTRIBUTOR
RETAILER
CONSUMER
DISTRIBUTION ROUTES
The various routes formulated by HCCBPL for distribution of products are as follows:
Key Accounts:
The customers in this category collectively contribute a large chunk of the total sales of the Company. It basically consists of organizations that buy large quantities of a product in one single transaction. The Company provides goods to these customers on credit, payments being made by them after a certain period of time i.e. either a month of half a month. Examples: Clubs, fine dine restaurants, hotels, Corporate houses etc.
Future Consumption:
This route consists of outlets of Coca-Cola products, wherein a considerable amount of stock is kept in order to use for future consumption. The stock does not exhaust within a day or two, instead as and when required stocks are stacked up by them so as to avoid shortage or non-availability of the product. Examples: Departmental stores, Super markets etc
Immediate Consumption:
The outlets in this route are those which require stocks on a daily basis. The stocks of products in these outlets are not stored for future use instead, are exhausted on the same day and might run a little into the next day i.e. the products are consumed at a fast pace. Examples: Small sized bars and restaurants, educational institutions etc.
General:
Under this route, all the outlets that come in a particular area or an area along with its neighboring areas are catered to. The consumption period is not taken into consideration in this particular route.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLGY
A) RESEARCH DESIGN:
A research design is the specification of methods and procedures for acquiring the needed information. It is overall operational pattern or framework of the project that stipulates what information is to be collected from which source by what procedure. Research design can be done in following three types:1. Exploratory Research:
Exploratory research focuses on the discovery of new ideas and is generally based on secondary data. The objective of exploratory research is to gather preliminary information that will help define problems and suggest hypothesis.
2.
Descriptive Research:-
Descriptive research is undertaken when the researcher want to know the characteristics of certain groups. The objective of descriptive research is to describe things, such as the market potential for a product or the demographics and attitudes of consumers who buy the product.
3.
An experimental research is undertaken to identify causes and effect relationship between two variables. The objective of casual research is to test hypothesis about casual and effect relationships.
The Research Design is: Descriptive Research Design which is appropriate for this research.
B) Reason of Selecting Descriptive Research: Descriptive study is a fact-findings investigation with adequate interpretation. It is the simplest type of research. It is more specific than an exploratory study, as it has focus on particular aspects or dimensions of the problem studied. A descriptive study aims at identifying the various characteristics of a community or institution or problem under study, but it does not deal with the testing of hypothesis.
SOURCES OF DATA
The data has been collected from both primary as well as secondary sources.
A) PRIMARY DATA:Primary Data Collection:Primary data collection contains the following four types of methods: 1 Observation Method: It contains Causal observation, Systematic observation, direct observation and contrived observation. 2 Survey Method: It contains Personal Interview with the customer, Telephone Interview and Mail Interview.
Market survey is one of the most widely used MR technique .it is at times viewed as synonymous with marketing research. This is erroneous. It has to be understood clearly that market survey is just one of the techniques of MR and is not synonymous with MR. It is just one of the methods of collecting marketing information required for a given marketing assignment. It is used when the required data is not available with the companys internal records, as well as external published source. Here the researcher carries out opinion pools involving sales persons, dealers, traders and experts. Trade surveys are very common. In conducting these surveys, the researcher has to carefully select the instrument and methods of surveying.
The Topic THE COMPLETE AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MARKET CONDITION OF COCA COLA for the project work was suggested to me by the ASM of Hindustan CocaCola Beverage private limited. He asked me to conduct a survey in areas where the coca-cola market is weak as well as high and to make a study of its major competitor PEPSI .Armed with the ideas provided to me by the ASM and the Sales Executive, I went ahead for the research. In order to collect samples during my survey I planned.
The primary data has been collected simultaneously by Market survey along with secondary data for meeting the established objectives to provide the solution for the problem identified in this study.
For collecting the data I have done market survey. A total of three hundred and twenty outlets were visited in pune market. By that I have collected details from retailers and also took some suggestions from retailers. My mentor suggested me the area from where a have collected the data. Some data is also collected by Observation and was being noted in the separate book.
B) SECONDARY DATA:It can be collected from internal as well as external sources 1Internal Source: Various internal sources like employee, broachers and company meetings 2 External Sources: Internet, literatures, etc are some important sources of external data.
The Researcher has used primary data for the core purpose of the project and this primary data has been gathered by survey method. The researcher has also used secondary data. It is defined as the data collected earlier for a purpose other than one currently being pursued. As a researcher I have scanned lot of sources to get an access to secondary data which have formed a reference base to compare the research findings. Secondary data in this study has provided an insight and forms an outline for the core objectives established. The various sources of secondary data used for this study are: Magazines. Text books. Marketing reports of the company.
Internet.
i.
C) Sampling Tool:Questionnaire was used as a main tool for the collection of data, mainly because it gives the chance for timely feedback from respondents. Moreover respondents feel free to disclose all necessary detail while filling up a questionnaire. Respondents seeking any clarification can easily be sorted out through tool.
Number
D) Sampling Unit: Here the researcher has randomly selected the respondents of the Pune city. E) Field Work:The study was conducted in pune. The questionnaires were given to the respondents to fill in order to get their feedback. Questions were read out to the respondents and the answers were noted.
Outlet Visited
Grocery 30%
E&D1 30%
Interpretation :
a) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 30 % are Grossary shops. b) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 30 % are E&D1. c) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 30 % are E&D2. d) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 10 % are Convinience shops.
Locatoion
Interpretation :
a) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 40 % are situated at Best(Prime) location. b) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 30 % are situated at Better location. c) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 20 % are situated at Good location. d) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 10 % are situated at Moderate location.
Brand
Pepsi, 10% Coco Cola, 25% Coco Cola Pepsi Both Others, 5% Both, 60% Others
Interpretation :
a) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 60 % retailers deals in Both Coca cola and Pepsi Products. b) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 25 % retailers deals only in Coca cola Products. c) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 10 % retailers deals only in Pepsi Products. d) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 5 % retailers deals only in other Products. i.e neither in Coca-Colanor in Pepsi.
4) If you are dealing with only one brand, Then what are the reasons for not dealing with other brands?
Reasons
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 5% 0% 5% 5% 5% 20% 10% Reasons 50%
Interpretation :
Out of 40% of total Outlets (Retailers) visited who deals only with one brand,, a) 50% said that they deals in only one brand due to Customer Demand. b) 5% said that they deals in only one brand due to credit Facility. c) 0% said that they deals in only one brand due to range avaibility. d) 5% said that they deals in only one brand due to Visi cooler Facility. e) 5% said that they deals in only one brand due to Low prices. f) 5% said that they deals in only one brand due to Good supply chain. g) 20% said that they deals in only one brand due to Schemes/Offers . h) 10% gave other reasons for dealing in only one brand.
Signage
Coca cola 20% Coca cola No signage 40% Pepsi 20% Pepsi Both No signage
Both 20%
Interpretation :
a) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 20 % retailers have signage of both Coca-cola and Pepsi. b) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 20 % retailers have signage of only Coca-cola. c) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 20 % retailers have signage of only Pepsi. d) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 40 % retailers do not have any signage eiter of Coca-cola or Pepsi.
Visi-Cooler
own 5% only Coca-Cola 20% only Coca-Cola only Pepsi only Pepsi 15% Both 60% Both own
Interpretation :
a) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 60 % retailers have Visi-cooler of both Coca-cola and Pepsi. b) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 20 % retailers have Visi-cooler of only Coca-cola. c) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 15 % retailers have Visi-cooler of only Pepsi. d) Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited 5 % retailers do not have Visi-cooler eiter of Coca-cola or Pepsi but they have their own Visi-cooler.
A) Coca-Cola:
Visi-Cooler Size
35 30% 30 25% 25 20% 20 15 10 5% 5 0 4 caser 7 caser 9 Caser 20 caser 30 caser Visi-Cooler Size 20%
Interpretation :
Out of 80% of total Outlets (Retailers) visited who have Visi-coller of Coca-cola
a) 5 % retailers have Visi-cooler of 4 case capacity (size). b) 20 % retailers have Visi-cooler of 7 case capacity (size). c) 25 % retailers have Visi-cooler of 9 case capacity (size). d) 30 % retailers have Visi-cooler of 20 case capacity (size). e) 20 % retailers have Visi-cooler of 30 case capacity (size).
B) Pepsi:
Visi-Cooler Size
35 30% 30 25 20% 20 15 10% 10 5 0 4 caser 7 caser 9 Caser 20 caser 30 caser 10% Visi-Cooler Size 30%
Interpretation :
Out of 75% of total Outlets (Retailers) visited who have Visi-coller of Pepsi.
a) 10 % retailers have Visi-cooler of 4 case capacity (size). b) 30 % retailers have Visi-cooler of 7 case capacity (size). c) 30 % retailers have Visi-cooler of 9 case capacity (size). d) 20 % retailers have Visi-cooler of 20 case capacity (size). e) 10 % retailers have Visi-cooler of 30 case capacity (size).
PURITY
Pure ImPure
Interpretation :
Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited who have Visi-coller of Coca-cola,
Content
30
Interpretation :
Out of above 40 % Impure coca-cola Visi-coolers a) 30 % were having Pepsi products in it b) 20 % were having dairy items in it c) 20 % were having Vegetables in it d) 10 % were having beers in it e) 20 % were having Other /Local brands in it
Ratings
Moderate Moderate 50% Bad Worse Worst
Bad 20%
Interpretation :
Out of above 40 % Impure coca-cola Visi-coolers a) 50 % were at Moderate condition. b) 20 % were at Bad condition. c) 20 % were at Worse condition. d) 10 % were at Worst condition.
B) Pepsi:
PUERITY
Pure 40% ImPure 60%
Pure ImPure
Interpretation :
Out of total Outlets (Retailers) visited who have Visi-coller of Pepsi,
Content
40
20 15 10 15 Content
Interpretation :
Out of above 60 % Impure Pepsi Visi-coolers a) 40 % were having coca-cola products in it. b) 20 % were having dairy items in it c) 15 % were having Vegetables in it d) 10 % were having beers in it e) 15 % were having Other /Local brands in it
Ratings
Worst 15% Moderate 30% Moderate Bad Worse Bad 40% Worst
Worse 15%
Interpretation :
Out of above 40 % Impure coca-cola Visi-coolers e) 30 % were at Moderate condition. f) 40 % were at Bad condition. g) 15 % were at Worse condition. h) 15 % were at Worst condition.
9) If Visi-cooler that you have is Impure, then why arent you using the visi-cooler to its full Strength?
Shortage 0%
Reasons
Empty Crate Problem 20% Shortage Empty Crate Problem irregularity of Salesman Others
Interpretation :
Out of those retailers whose Visi-coolers are fuond Impure, When asked about impurity of Visi-cooler,,, a) 20 % of them said that they have Empty crate Problem
PACKAGING
BOTH 40% PET 30% PET RGB BOTH RGB 30%
Interpretation :
Out of those retailers (85 % of total outlets Visited) who deals in Coca-cola products a) 40 % retailers deals in Both PET and RGB. b) 30 % retailers deals only in PET. c) 30 % retailers deals only in RGB.
B) Pepsi: d) e) f) g) h)
i)
RGB 20% PET 60%
PACKAGING
BOTH 20% PET
RGB
BOTH
W
Interpretation :
Out of those retailers (70 % of total outlets Visited) who deals in Pepsi products a) 20 % retailers deals in Both PET and RGB. b) 60 % retailers deals only in PET. c) 20 % retailers deals only in RGB.
11)
PREFERENCE
35 30 25 20 20 15 10 10 5 5 0 200ml 300ml 500ml 1250ml 1500ml 2000ml 5 PREFERENCE 28 32
Interpretation :
Out of total outlets (Retailers) Visited,,, A) 5% retailers said that 200 ml Pack is Most preffered by Customers. B) 28% retailers said that 300 ml Pack is Most preffered by Customers. C) 32% retailers said that 500 ml Pack is Most preffered
by Customers. D) 20% retailers said that 1250 ml Pack is Most preffered by Customers. E) 10% retailers said that 1500 ml Pack is Most preffered by Customers. F) 5% retailers said that 2000 ml Pack is Most preffered by Customers.
12)
What
is
the
Frequency
of
the
Coca-Cola
Executive/Salesman?
FREQUENCY
90 80 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Daily Alternate Day Weekly Fortnightly 15 5 0 FREQUENCY
Interpretation :
Out of total outlets (Retailers) Visited,,, A) 15% retailers said that Coca-cola executive/salesman visit their outlet Daily. B) 80% retailers said that Coca-cola executive/salesman visit their outlet on Alternate day..
C) 5% retailers said that Coca-cola executive/salesman visit their outlet Weekly. D) No one said that Coca-cola executive/salesman visit their outlet Fortnightly.
13)
SATISFACTION
dissatisfied 10% Very Dissatisfied 5%
Very Satisfied Moderate 15% Very Satisfied 40% Satisfied Moderate dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied
Satisfied 30%
Interpretation :
Out of total outlets (Retailers) Visited,,,
14)
Awareness
No 20% Yes No Yes 80%
Interpretation :
Out of total outlets (Retailers) Visited,,, a) 80 % retailers said that their customers know the difference between Branded and Un Branded Soft drinks. b) 20 % retailers said that their customers do not know the difference between Branded and Un Branded Soft drinks.
15)
Do you know about all flavors, Packs (Sizes) and respective wholesale price of Coca-Cola Products?
Awareness
No 10%
Yes No
Yes 90%
Interpretation :
Out of total outlets (Retailers) Visited,,,
a) 90% retailers are found aware of different flavours,packs(Sizes) and respective wholasale price of Coca-cola products. b) only10% retailers are found unaware of different flavours,packs(Sizes) and respective wholasale price of Coca-cola products..