bkbaf bjhF

mikahJ yF vf

mikahJ fj cyF.
1.1 mKf
ma Kndw fhzKgLnghJ Kj eh vf gfis
mogil braghLfis g eF mJ bfhnth. vf e mwhl
th KaJt thjitahf sFwd. eh KG vfis g
mt jhd mogil braghLf g fUnwh. bghGJ
KGf, jKWbaf, jrkf, df kW mLFf nghw
jiyf gF thf fhngh.

vf
e mwhl th J mnua v Kiwia gagLJnwh. j
Kiw vGJtjF gogjF gagLjgL vf gjokhd vf
myJ jrk vf vW miHfgLwJ. Kiw 0 Kj 9 tius
FpLfis eh gagLJnwh.

1.2 ghit
Mwh tF a vf, KGvf, KGf, df kW
jrkf g mt J mogil braghLfshd Tl, fjfis
fwnjh. mtiw nf RUfkhf id Tnth.

a vf
1 I bjhlf vzhf bfhl vylfhj, vQ vfSF
a vf vW bga. midJ a vf fzij N vw My
vGjh Ffyh.

N = "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... , vgJ a vf fzkhF.

KG vf
aJl a vfis nrf ilgJ KG vfshF. KG vf
aij Kj vzhf bfhL vylfhj vfshf Uwd.
midJ KG vf fzij W vw My vGjh Ffyh.

W = "0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... , vgJ KG vf fzkhF.

maha

KGf
KG vf kW Fiw vf nrj
bjhF KGf vW miHfgLwJ. midJ
KGf
fz Z vw My vGjh
FfgLwJ.

f
bga
fj
nkijahd uhkhD#
jeho, <nuho
wjt.

Z = "... - 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2, ... , midJ KGf

Z = "0, ! 1, ! 2, ... , midJ KGf fzkhF.

fzkhF (myJ)

1.3 KGf jhd ehF moigil braf:

(i) KGf Tl
U KGfis Tl, ilgJ xU KG ( Integer ) MF.
vLJfhlhf,

i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)

10 + ^- 4h = 10 - 4 = 6
8 + 4 = 12
6+0 = 6

6 + 5 = 11
4+0=4

(ii) KGf fj
xU KGUJ kbwhU KGit ff ulhtJ KG Tl
vkiwia Kj vQl TlntL.
vLJfhlhf,

i)
ii)
iii)

5 3 = 5 + 3 Tl vkiw = 5 + ( 3) = 2.
6 ( 2) = 6 +( 2) Tl vkiw = 6 + 2 = 8.
( 8) (5) = ( 8) + ( 5) = 13.

iv)

( 20) ( 6) = 20 + 6 = 14.

(iii) KGf bgUf

KG vf fz bgUfyhdJ bjhl TlyhF vd KtF
fwnjh. eh mijg KGf fz bghGJ ffyh.
f :

1. U if KGf bgUfgy xU if KGthF.

2. U Fiw KGf bgUfgy xU if KGthF.
3. xU if KGit xU Fiw KGit bgUf ilgJ xU
Fiw KGthF.
2

bkbaf bjhF
1)
2)
3)
4)

vLJfhL:
i)
ii)

5 # 8 = 40

0 ( 10) =
9 ( 7)
=
5 ( 10) =
11 6
=

^- 5h # ^- 9h = 45

iii)

^- 15h # 3 =-^15 # 3h =- 45

iv)

12 # ^- 4h =-^12 # 4h =- 48

braghL
jiu J xU nenfhil tiuf. eLia {a vdFf.
{a nk f. bghGJ nfho J tygfkhf xU moefJ
mj lij + 1 vdFf. mUJ L mnj ir xU mo
efJ mj lij + 2 vd Ff. bjhlahf njngh mnj ir
efJ xbthU moia (+ 3, + 4, + 5, ...) vdFJbfh. bghGJ
L nfho J {aiyF Uf. {aUJ lgf
ghjthW f. lgf xU mo efJ mj lij 1 vdFf.
bjhlahf mnj ir xbthU mo efJ mj lij 2, 3, 4...
vd Ff. bghGJ vnfhL jah. fl vfis bfhL
isahlyh.

i)

vnfho J tygf ghjthW {a nk W xU

KiwF 2 mof j jhl. tygf bjhlahf njngh 3 Kiw

jhodh {a UJ vts bjhiy Ugh?

ii)

vnfho J lgf ghjthW { nk f

xU KiwF 3 mof j bjhlahf lgf jhl. bjhlahf

njngh 3 Kiw jhodh {aUJ vts bjhiy Ugh?

braghL

6
5
3

4
24

15

40
21

vLJfhL 1.1
( 11) I ( 10) M bgUFf .
:
11 ( 10) = (11 10) = 110
3

maha

vLJfhL 1.2
( 14) I 9 M bgUFf.
:

( 14) 9 = (14 9) = 126

vLJfhL 1.3
k fhf 15 18.
:

15 18 = 270
vLJfhL 1.4
xU bjhiyfh bgo iy `5200. 25 bjhiyfh bgof
iy vd?

:
xU bjhiyfh bgo iy
` 25 bjhiyfh bgof iy

g 1.1

= `5200
= `5200 25
= `130000

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) {aij kw vj xU KG cl bgUf ilgJ

(A) ifKG
ii) 152 k

(B) FiwKG

(A) 225
(B) 225
iii) 15 ( 9) 0 k

(C) 1

(D) 0

(C) 325

(D) 425

(A) 15
(B) 9
(C) 0
iv) U Fiw KGf bgUfgy xU
(A) FiwKG

(C) a v

(B) ifKG

(D) KG v

2. nfhol lij uf:

(D) 7

i) xU Fiw KGit {aij bgUf ilgJ _________.

ii) _________ ^- 14h = 70
iii) ^- 72h # _________ = - 360
iv) 0 # ^- 17h = _________.

3. k fhf:
i) 3 # ^- 2h
iv) ^- 316h # 1

ii) ^- 1h # 25
v) ( 16) 0 ( 18)
4

iii) ^- 21h # ^- 31h

vi) ^- 12h # ^- 11h # 10

bkbaf bjhF

viii) 5 # 5

vii) ^- 5h # ^- 5h
ix) ^- 3h # ^- 7h # ^- 2h # ^- 1h

x) ^- 1h # ^- 2h # ^- 3h # 4

xi) 7 # ^- 5h # ^9h # ^- 6h

4.

xii) 7 # 9 # 6 # ^- 5h

xiii) 10 16 ( 9)

xiv) 16 ( 8) ( 2)

xv) ( 20) ( 12) 25

xvi) 9 6 ( 10) ( 20)

bgUFf
i) ^- 9h kW 15
ii) ^- 4h kW ^- 4h
iii) 13 kW 14
iv) ^- 25h kW 32
v) ^- 1h kW ^- 1h
vi) ^- 100h kW 0
5.

xU ngdh iy `15. 43 ngdhf iy vd?

6. xU dhjh

20 dhf csd. xbthU dhF 5

kbgf v xU khzt 15 dhfSF rahd ilajh

mtDila kbgiz fLo?

7. nut xbthU ehS `150 rghwh. 10 ehf mt vts

gz rghgh?
8. xU M iy `20. 12 Mf iyia fhf.

(iv) KGf tFj

tFj vgJ bgUf jiy bra vgJ ekF bj.
tFjYFa fis flthW tiuaWfyh.
ifKG
= if v
ifKG
FiwKG
= if v
FiwKG
ifKG
= Fiw v
FiwKG

a) 0 =

10
c) - 3 =
-3

FiwKG
= Fiw v
ifKG

b) 9 =

-3
10
d) -2 =

maha

{ajh tFj

vij {ajh tFj vgJ mjkwJ.

Vbd {ajh

tFj vgJ tiuaWfglhjJ.

vLJfhL 1.5
250 I 50 M tFf
:
250 I 50 M tFj 250 = 5.
50

vLJfhL 1.6
( 144) I 12 M tFf.
:
( 144) I 12 M tFj - 144 = 12.
12

vLJfhL 1.7
k fh

15 # ^- 30h # ^- 60h
.
2 # 10

15 # ^- 30h # ^- 60h
= 27000 = 1350.
2 # 10
20

vLJfhL 1.8

xU ngUJ 5 k neu 200 bjhiyit flwJ. 1 k neu

flF bjhiy vd?

:
5 k neu flF bjhiy

= 200 .
= 200 = 40

~ 1 k neu flF bjhiy

g 1.2
1. rahd ilia njbjLf :
i) KGf tFjyhdJ ________________ jiy bra MF.

(A) Tl
(B) fj
ii) 369 ............ = 369.

(C) tFj

(D) bgUf

(A) 1
(B) 2
iii) 206 ............ = 1.

(C) 369

(D) 769

(C) 206

(D) 7

(A) 1

(B) 206
6

bkbaf bjhF

iv) 75 ............ = 1.
(A) 75
2.
i)
iv)
vii)
ix)

(B) 1

(C) 75

(D) 10

kfhf
ii) 50 ' 5
iii ) ^- 36h ' ^- 9h
^- 30h ' 6
v) 12 '6^- 3h + 1 @ vi) 6^- 36h ' 6 @ - 3
^- 49h ' 49
viii) 6^- 7h + ^- 19h@ ' 6^- 10h + ^- 3h@
6
7
3
^
h
^
h
6 - + @ ' 6 - + 2@
67 + 13 @ ' 62 + 8 @ x) [7 + 23] [2 + 3]

3. kfhf
i)

^- 1h # ^- 5h # ^- 4h # ^- 6h

40 # ^- 20h # ^- 12h
ii) 8 # 5 # 4 # 3 # 10 iii)
4#5#6#2

2#3

4 # ^- 6h

4. U vf bgUfgy 105. mtW xU v (21). kbwhU v vd?

1.5 KGf Tl gf
(i) mil g
fl vLJfhLfis ftf:

1.

19 + 23 = 42

2.

- 10 + 4 =- 6

3.

18 + (- 47) =- 29

bghJthf, a,b vgd VnjD uL KGf v a + b xU KG MF.

Mifah KGf Tl mil gig iw br.

(ii) gkhW g
U KGfis vj tirY Tlyh. ntwhf, KGf TlyhdJ
gkhWgig iw br.
8 + ^- 3h = 5 kW ^- 3h + 8 = 5 vd eh bgwyh.
Mifah 8 + ^- 3h = ^- 3h + 8

bghJthf a, b vw VnjD U KGfSF a + b = b + a

Mifah, KGf TlyhdJ gkhW gig iw br.
flit rkkhditah?

i) ^5h + ^- 12h kW ^- 12h + ^5h

ii) ^- 20h + 72 kW 72 + ^- 20h

maha

(iii) nr g
fl vLJfhil ftf:

5, 4 kW 7 vw KGfis vLJ bfhf.

5 + [( 4) + 7]

= 5 + 3 = 8 kW

[5 + ( 4)] + 7 = 1 + 7 = 8
Mifah, 5 + [( 4) + 7] = [5 + ( 4)] + 7

f h g i t
rkkhditah?

i) 7 + ^5 + 4h, ^7 + 5h + 4
ii) ^- 5h + 6^- 2h + ^- 4h@,
6^- 5h + ^- 2h@ + ^- 4h

bghJthf a, b, c, vw KGfSF a + ^b + ch = ^a + bh + c vd eh
brhy Ko.
Mifah TlyhdJ nr gig iw br.

(iv) Tl rk
vj KGlD {aij TL bghGJ mnj KGit bgwyh.
vLJfhlhf, 5 + 0 = 5.
bghJthf, VnjD xU KG a F, a + 0 = a . Mifah
{akhdJ KGf Tl rkahF.

i) 17 + ___ = 17
ii) 0 + ___ = 20
iii) 53 + ___ = 53

KGf fj gf.
(i) mil g
fl vLJfhLfis ftf

i) 5 - 12 =- 7
ii) ^- 18h - ^- 13h =- 5
nkfl vLJfhLfUJ U KGf fjyhdJ L
xU KG vgJ bjthwJ.
bghJthf a, b vgd VnjD uL KGf v a - b vgJ xU
KG MF.
Mifah fjyhdJ mil gig iw br.

(ii) gkhWg
7 kW 4 vw KGfis vLJ bfhf
7-4 = 3
4 - 7 =- 3 vd fhzy.

bkbaf bjhF
` 7-4 ! 4-7
bghJthf a kW b vw VnjD U KGfSF
a-b !b-a
Mifah KGf fjyhdJ gkhW ia iw brahJ .

(iii) nr g
7, 4 kW 2 vw KGfis vLJbfhf
7 - (4 - 2) = 7 - 2 = 5
(7 - 4) - 2 = 3 - 2 = 1
` 7 - (4 - 2) ] (7 - 4) - 2
bghJthf, a , b kW c vw VnjD _W KGfSF
a - (b - c) ! (a - b) - c.
Mifah KGf fjyhdJ nr gig iw brahJ.

KGf bgUf gf
(i) mil g
fltiw ft:

10 ( 5) = 50
40 ( 15) = 600
bghJthf a kW b vw vyh KGfSF a b xU KGthF.
Mifah KGfshdJ bgUf mil gig iw br.

(ii) gkhW g
fltiw ft :

5 ( 6) = 30 kW ( 6) 5 = 30
5 ( 6) = ( 6) 5
bghJthf a kW b vw VnjD U KGfSF.
f h g i t
rkkhditah?

ab=ba

Mifah KGf bgUfyhdJ gkhW gig i) 5 ( 7), ( 7) 5

iw br

ii) 9 ( 10), ( 10) 9

maha

(iii) {ajh bgUf

{akyhj VnjD xU viz {ajh bgUf
ilgJ {akhF.
vLJfhlhf,

i)
0 0 = _____
ii) 100 0 = _____
iii)
0 x = _____

50 = 0
80 = 0
bghJthf {akyhj vj xU KG a F

a0 = 0a=0

(iv) bgUf rk:

vLJfhlhf,
5#1 = 5
1 # (- 7) = - 7

1 vgJ KGf bgUf rkahF vgij J

fhLwJ.

i) ( 10) 1 = ___
ii) ( 7) ___ = 7
iii) ___ 9
=9

bghJthf VnjD xU KG a F
a # 1 = 1 # a = a vd eh bgwyh.

(v) nr g
2, 5, 6 vw KGfis vLJbfhnth.

62 # ^- 5h@ # 6 = - 10 # 6

=- 60 kW

2 # 6^- 5h # 6 @= 2 # ^- 30h
= - 60

UJ 62 # ^- 5h@ # 6 = 2 # 6^- 5h # 6 @
bghJthf VnjD a, b, c, vw KGfSF (a b) c = a (b c).
Mifah, KGf bgUfyhdJ nr gig iw br vd eh
Twyh.

(vi) gL g
12, 9, 7 vw KGfis vLJbfhf.
12 # ^9 + 7h = 12 # 16 = 192

10

bkbaf bjhF
^12 # 9h + ^12 # 7h = 108 + 84 = 192

UJ 12 # ^9 + 7h
= ^12 # 9h + ^12 # 7h

fhgit rkkhditah?

bghJthf a, b, c vw VnjD _W 1) 4 # ^5 + 6h kW ^4 # 5h + ^4 # 6h
2)3 # ^7 - 8hkW^3 # 7h + ^3 # - 8h
KGfSF a # ^b + ch = ^a # bh + ^a # ch
Mifah KGf bgUfyhdJ 3) 4 # ^- 5h kW ^- 5h # 4
gL gig iw br

KGf tFj gf
(i) mil g
fl vLJfhLfis ft:

(i)

15 ' 5 = 3

(ii)

^- 3h ' 9 = - 3 = - 1

9
3
7
(iii) 7 ' 4 =
4
nkfl vLJfhLfUJ KGf tFjyhdJ mil
gig iw brahJ

(ii) gkhW g:
fl vLJfhil ft:

8 4 = 2 kW
48= 1

2
` 84! 48

nkfl vLJfhoUJ KGfshdJ gkhW ia iw

brahJ .

(iii) nr g
fl vLJfhil ft.
12 ' (6 ' 2) = 12 ' 3 = 4
(12 ' 6) ' 2 = 2 ' 2 = 1
` 12 ' (6 ' 2) ! (12 ' 6) ' 2
nkfl vLJfhoUJ KGfshdJ nr ia iw brahJ.
11

maha

1.6 df
mKf:
eh K tFf dfis (jFd, jfh d kW fy
df) g mt Tl, fjfis g goUnwh.
df bgUf kW tFjiy g bghGJ ghngh.

ghit :
jF d : xU d gF, bjhFia fhoY mfkhf
Ujh md jFd vwiHfgLwJ.
vJfhL: 3 , 1 , 9 , 5
4 2 10 6

jfhd : xU d bjhF, gFia fhoY mfkhf

Ujh md jfhd vwiHfgLwJ.
vLJfhL : 5 , 6 , 41 , 51
4 5 30 25

fy d : xU dkhdJ xU a v kW xU jF d
nrjjhf Ujh md fy d vwiHfgLwJ.
vLJfhL : 2 3 , 1 4 , 5 1
4 5
7

id bfhf : fy d = a v + jF d
thf

{aF
vjid vf csd.

1F

ilna
vyh KG vfS 1
I gFahf bfhl
d vfshF.

ghit:
df Tl kW fj

vLJfhL (i)
RUFf : 2 + 3
5 5

:
2 + 3 = 2+3 = 5 = 1
5 5
5
5

12

bkbaf bjhF

vLJfhL (ii)
RUFf : 2 + 5 + 7
3 12 24

2 + 5 + 7 = 2#8+5#2+7#1
24
3 12 24

= 16 + 10 + 7
24

= 33 =1 3
24
8

vLJfhL (iii)
RUFf : 5 1 + 4 3 + 7 5
4
4
8

:
5 1 + 4 3 + 7 5 = 21 + 19 + 61
4
4
8
4
4
8

= 42 + 38 + 61 = 141
8

= 17 5
8

vLJfhL (iv)
RUFf : 5 - 2
7 7

:
5 - 2 = 5-2 = 3.
7 7
7
7

vLJfhL (v)
RUFf : 2 2 - 3 1 + 6 3
3
6
4

2 2 - 3 1 + 6 3 = 8 - 19 + 27
3
6
4
3
6
4

= 32 - 38 + 81

= 75 = 6 1

12

12

13

maha

(i) dfis KG vfsh bgUf

gl. 1.1
gl (1.1) cs glfis ft. Hlgl gFahdJ xU tl
1 gFahF. uL Hlgl gFfS nrJ vts gFia
8
FwJ? 1 + 1 = 2 # 1 = 2 = 1 I FwJ.
8 8
8
8
4
xU jF d myJ jfh dij KG vzh bgUf eh Kj
d bjhFia KG vzh bgUfntL.

gFia mgona

vGjntL.
bgUfgy jfh dkhf Ujh mij fy dkhf khwyh.
xU fy dij xU KG vzh bgUf, Kj fy dij
jfh dkhf kh wF bgUf ntL.
Mifah, 4 # 3 4 = 4 # 25 = 100 = 14 2
7
7
7
7

fLo:

i) 2 # 4

5
iii) 4 # 1
5

fLo :

ii) 8 # 4

5
iv) 13 # 6
11

14

i) 6 # 7 2

3
2
ii) 3 # 7
9

bkbaf bjhF

(ii) klF myJ gF (OF) vw bra

glUJ (gl 1.2) xbthU Hlgl gFfS 1 1 gif
3
FwJ.

_W Hlgl gFfS 3 1 gif FwJ
3

gl. 1.2

_W Hlgl gFfis xwhf nrf eh 1 I bgwyh.

Mifah 1 gF 3 = 1 # 3 = 1.
3
3

` klF (OF) vgJ bgUfiy FF vd khfyh

nukh

15

rhnyLf

itUwh.

yh,

nukh

itUj

1 gF vifs rhnyLf itUwh.

3
itUF rhnyLf vif ahJ?
rhnyf

yh itUF rhnyLf =

1 # 15 = 5 rhnyLf
3

vLJfhL: 1.9
kfhf : 2 1 1 gF
4
5

:
1 #21
2 1 1 gF =
4
4
5
5
= 1 # 11 = 11
4 5
20
15

yh

maha

vLJfhL 1.10

60 khztf bfhl xU FG 3 gF khztf ma gof
10
Uwhf. 3 gF khztf r_f ma gof Uwhf.
5

(i) ma gof U khztf vjid ng?

(ii) r_f ma gof U khztf vjid ng ?

:
tFYs bkhj khztf = 60

(i) 60 khztf 3 gF khztf ma gof Uwhf.

10
vdnt, ma gof U khztf vif

= 60 3 gF

(ii) 60 khztf
Uwhf.

10
3
=
# 60 = 18 ng.
10
3 gF khztf r_f ma gof
5

vdnt, r_f ma gof U khztf vif

= 60 3 gF

5
3
= # 60 = 36 ng.
5

g 1.3

1. bgUFf :
i) 6 # 4
5
v) 2 # 7
3
4
ix) # 14
7

ii) 3 # 3

7
vi) 5 # 8
2
x) 18 # 4
3

iii) 4 # 4
8

iv) 15 # 2

10
vii) 11 # 7 viii) 5 # 12
4
6

2. k fhf

i) 28 1 gF

ii) 27 7 klF iii) 64 1 gF

iv) 125 1 gF

v) 216 8 klF vi) 32 4 gF

vii) 27 3 gF

viii) 100 7 gF

ix) 35 5 gF

x) 100 1 gF

10
2

16

bkbaf bjhF

3. flitfis bgU bgUfgyid fy dkhf khWf:

i) 5 # 5 1

ii) 3 # 6 3

5
v) 7 # 7 1
2

iv) 6 # 10 5

iii) 8 # 1 1

5
vi) 9 # 9 1
2

4. thR kW R UtU xU RWyhF brwhf. mtfSila

mkh mtfSF xU l j ghof 10 bfhLjDdh. thR
2 gF jiu gagLdh. jKs jiu R gagLdh.
5
thR vts j Fojh?

(iii) xU dij kbwhU djh bgUf

vLJfhL 1.11
fLo 3 1 gF
8
5

:
3 1 gF = 1 3 = 3
8
5
5
8
40

vLJfhL 1.12
fLo 2 3 .
9
2

:
2 3 = 1
9
2
3

vLJfhL 1.13
yh xU jf 1 gFia 1 k neu gowh.
4
neu mt jf vts gFia gogh?

3 1 k
2

:
yh xU k neu goF jf gF = 1
4
1
3 k neu mt goF jf ms
2
= 31 # 1
2 4
=7#1
2 4
= 7#1
4#2
=7
8
~ yh 3 1 k neu jf 7 gFia gogh.
8
2

17

fLo
i) 1 7
3
5
2
8
ii) #
3 9

maha

1
g1.4

1. fLo :

i) 5 10 gF
5
10

ii) 7 2 gF
3
8

iii) 7 1 gF
4
3

iv) 7 4 gF
9
8

v) 9 4 gF
9
4

vi) 2 1 gF
9
7

ii) 2 # 9
9 10
9
v)
#3
2 3

iii) 3 # 6
8 9
vi) 4 # 12
5
7

2. l to vGJf

i) 2 # 3 2
9
3
7
9

iv)
#
8 14

3. fl dfis bgUFf :
i) 2 # 5 2
5
3

ii) 6 3 # 7
4 10

iv) 5 3 # 3 1
4
2

v) 7 1 # 8 1
4
4

iii) 7 1 # 1
2

4. xU kGJ xU l bgnuh 20 . . XLwJ. mj kJ 2 3

4
l bgnuh vts uij flF?

5. nfhgh xU jfij xbthU ehS 1 3 k neu gowh. mt 7

4
ehf jf KGtij goJ Kowh. jf KGtij gof
mtUF vjid k neu njit?

xU d jiy:

{akw U vf bgUfgy 1 Mf Ujh mj vf

xWbfhW jiy vd miHfgLwJ. Mifah, 3 jiy 5 ,
5
3
5 jiy 3 MF.
3
5
F

1F mJnt jiy MF.

0F jiy iy.

(iv) xU KG viz xU djh tFj

xU KG viz xU djh tFf mj KG viz mj d

jiyah bgUf ntL.

vLJfhL 1.14
fLo

(i) 6 ' 2
5

(ii) 8 ' 7
9

18

bkbaf bjhF

:
(i) 6 2 = 6 5 = 15

5
2
7
9
(ii) 8 ' = 8 # = 72
9
7
7
xU KG viz fy djh tFF nghJ fy dijKj
jfhdkhf kha fhz ntL.

vLJfhL 1.15
63 4
5

fLo:
i) 6 ' 5 2 ii) 9 ' 3 3

:
6 3 4 = 6 19 = 6 5 = 30 = 1 11
5

19

19

19

(v) xU dij kbwhU djh tFj:

xU dij kbwhU djh tFf Kj dij ulhtJ
d jiyah bgUf ntL.
eh bghGJ 1 ' 3 I fhngh
5 7
1 ' 3 = 1 # 3 jiy
5 7
5
7

fLo:
i) 3 ' 4 , ii) 1 ' 4 , iii) 2 3 ' 7
7

=1 #7 = 7
5 3
15

g1.5
1. fl df jiyia fLo.
i) 5
ii) 4
iii) 10
iv) 9
7
7
9
4
v) 33
vi) 1
vii) 1
viii) 7
2
9
13
5
2. fLo :
i) 5 25
ii) 6 36
iii) 7 14
iv) 1 1 15
3
9
3
4
3. fLo :
(i) 2 ' 1
(ii) 5 ' 6
(iii) 2 3 ' 3
(iv) 3 3 ' 8
5 4
6 7
4 5
2 3
1
4. xU rhuz UilF njitahd J ms 2 l v 47 1
4
4
l J vjid Uilf ijfyh?
5. U lfSF ilna cs bjhiy 47 1 .. xU nt mj
2
bjhiyit flf 1 3 k neu vLJbfhwJ v nt
16
ntf vd?
19

maha

1.7 jKW vf - mKf:

q ^ 0 , p kW q KG vf v
tiuaWfgLwJ.

p
, xU jKW v vd
q

nf p vgJ bjhF kW q vgJ gF.

7 , - 5 , 2 , 11 , - 3 vgd jKW vf.
3 7 9 - 7 11
xU jKW v gF if vzhf, nkY gF kW
bjhFF 1I ju ntbwj fhu iyba mj jKW v l
to UwJ vd Twyh.
xU jKW v l to iyba mjid l to khwyh.

vLJfhL 1.16
72 l totF khWf
54

khWKiw: 72 = 72 ' 18 = 4
54
54 ' 18
3

72 = 72 ' 2
54
54 ' 2
= 36 = 36 ' 3
27
27 ' 3
= 12 = 12 ' 3
9
9'3
4
=
3
j vLJfho 72 kW 54 t bgU bghJfhu 18 Mf UwJ.
xU jKW viz mjDila l totF khw mjDila gF
kW bjhFia mt bgU bghJfhuah tFf ntL. F
Fiw Fia fUj ntlh.
gF Fiw F Ujh bgU bghJfhuah tFf ntL.

vLJfhL 1.17
(i)

18 (ii)
- 12

-4
- 16

l to vGJf.

i) - 18 , ii) - 12 , iii) 7
51

(i) 18 kW 12 . bgh.t. 6

28

vdnt, mjDila l totij bgw -6M tFf ntL.

20

35

bkbaf bjhF

18 = 18 ' ^- 6h = - 3
2
- 12
- 12 ' ^- 6h

(ii) 4 kW 16 .bgh.t 4.
vdnt, mjDila l totij bgw 4 M tFf ntL.
- 4 = - 4 ' ^- 4h = 1
4
- 16
- 16 ' ^- 4h

1.8 jKW vfis vnfho Fj:

KGfis vnfho vgo FgJ vgJ cfSF bj.
bghGJ xU vnfhil tiunth.
{aF tygf cs f if KGfshF. {aF
lgf cs f Fiw KGfshF.
bghGJ jKW vfis vnfho vgo FgJ vgij ghngh.

gl. 1.3

1 vw viz vnfho Ff KgLnth.

4

if KGfis vnfho FjJ nghy if jKW vfis
{aF tywkh, Fiw jKW vfis {aF lwkhf
Ffyh

gl. 1.4
- 1 I {aF vj gf Fgh?
4
xU Fiw jKW vzhf Ujh mjid {aF lgfkhf
Ffyh.
KGfis vnfho FFnghJ mLjLJtU KGf rk
ilbtf FfgLwJ vgJ cfSF bj. 1,1 vgit 0 UJ rku UF. njngh jKW vf 1 kW - 1 vgit
4
4
1
0 - UJ rku UF.
vw jKW viz vgo FgJ
4

21

maha

vgJ cfSF bj. J {aF 1F ilgl bjhiy

4 1 gF bjhiy FfgLwJ. Mifah - 1 vgJ 0F 1F
4
ilgl bjhiy 4 1 gF bjhiy FfgLwJ.
3 I vnfho vgo FgJ vgJ ekF bj. J {aF
2
tygfkhf. 1F 2F ilgl gF FfgLwJ. bghGJ
- 3 I vnfho Ff KgLnth. J {aF lwkhf,
2
{aUJ 3 cs mnj bjhiy lwkhf mik.
2
nj nghy - 1 {aF lwkhf UwJ. mnj bjhiy
2
1 tywkhf UwJ.
Mifah, nkny flthW vnfho - 1 I
2
2
FfKo. njnghy kw midJ jKW vfis Ffyh.
U jKW vfSilna cs jKW vf

4 kW 12 MatF ilgl KG vfis Tl uh Udh.

4 kW 12F ilna rahf 7 KG vf csd vgJ mtUF bj

5 kW 6F ilna VjhtJ KGf Uwdth?

5F 6F ilna vjbthU KG iy.

` U KGvfSilna cs KGf vif Kosjhf

UwJ. bghGJ j tif jKW vf vd VgLwJ vgij

eh ghngh.
uh 3 kW 2 F ilgl jKW vfis fhz Udh.
7
3

mt mtiw xnu gFf bfhl jKW vfshf khWwh.

Mifah 3 = 9 kW 2 = 14
7
21
3
21
bghGJ mt 9 1 10 1 11 1 12 1 13 1 14 vdbgWwh.
21 21 21
21 21 21
Mifah

9
21

kW

14 F
21

ilgl

jKW

vf

10 , 11 , 12 , 13 .
21 21 21 21
bghGJ

3 kW 2 MatWF ilnas nkY gy

7
3

jKW vfis fLof Kanth.

22

bkbaf bjhF
3 = 18 kW 2 = 28 vd eh bgwyh.
7
42
3
42

Mifah, 18 1 19 1 20 1 g 1 28 .
42

42

42

42

vdnt 3 1 19 1 20 1 21 1 g 1 2 .
7

42

42

42

vdnt 3 kW 2 MatWilna gy jKW vfis fhz Ko.

7
3
U jKW vfSilna Koyh jKW vfis ekh fhz Ko.

vLJfhL 1.18
2 kW 4 F ilgl IJ jKW vfis fhf.
5
7

:
eh Kj bfhLfgl jKW vfis xnu khahd
gFfis bfhlitfshf khWnth.
bghGJ 2 = 2 # 7 = 14 kW 4 = 4 # 5 = 20
5

5#7

35
7
7#5
35
Mifah eh bgWtJ 14 1 15 1 16 1 17 1 18 1 19 1 20
35
35
35
35
35
35
35

~ njitahd IJ jKW vf
15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19
35 35 35 35 35

vLJfhL 1.19
- 5 kW - 8 F ilgl VG jKW vfis fhf.
3
7

:
eh Kj bfhLfgl jKW vfis xnu khahd
gFfis bfhlitfshf khWnth.
bghGJ- 5 =- 5 # 7 =- 35 kW - 8 =- 8 # 3 =- 24
3

3#7

21
7
7#3
21
Mifah eh bgWtJ - 35 1 - 34 1 - 33 1 - 32 1 - 31 1 - 30
21
21
21
21
21
21

1 - 29 1 - 28 1 - 27 1 - 26 1 - 25 1 - 24
21
21
21
21
21
21
` njitahd VG jKW vf
- 34 , - 33 , - 32 , - 31 , - 30 , - 29 , - 28 .
21
21
21
21
21
21
21

23

maha

1
g 1.6

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) 3 xU
8
(A) if jKW v
(C) KG v

(B) Fiw jKW v

(D) if KG

ii) xU l Fiw jKW viz FLf.

(B) - 7
(C) 10
(A) 4
3
9
-5
iii) fltW vJ l to csJ?

(D) 10
9

(A) 4
12

(D) - 7
14

(B) 1
12

(C)

1
- 12

iv) midJ dfS

(A) KGv

(B) a v

(C) xiw v (D) jKW v.

2. ilgl ehF jKW vfis goaL :

ii) 1 kW 4 iii) 7 kW 8
i) - 7 kW - 2
5
3
2
3
4
7

3. l tot vGJ.
i) - 12
16
iv) - 70
42

iii) 21
- 35

4. v nfhL tiuJ fhQ jKW vfis mj nk F.

i) 3
4
iv) 6
5

ii) - 18
48
v) - 4
8

iii) - 8
3

ii) - 5
8
v) 7
10

5. ltW vit l tot csd?

i) 2
3
iv) - 1
7

ii) 4
16
v) - 4
7

iii) 9
6

1.9 jKW vf jhd ehF mogil braf:

KGf Tl, fj, bgUf, tFj cfSF bj.
jnghJ jKW vf jhd ehF mogil brafis
ghngh.

(i) jKW vf Tl
gFf xnu khahf cs jKW vfis TLnth.
24

bkbaf bjhF

vLJfhL 1.20
9 kW 7 I TLf.
5
5

:
9 + 7 = 9+7
5 5
5

= 16 .
5

gFf ntW khahf cs jKW vfis TLnth.

vLJfhL 1.21

7 + -5
3 ` 4 j

RUFf:

7 + -5
3 ` 4 j
= 28 - 15
12
= 13
12

(3 kW 4 .bgh.k 12)

vLJfhL 1.22
RUFf: - 3 + 1 - 5 .
4
2 6

:
- 3 + 1 - 5 = (- 3 # 3) + (1 # 6) - (5 # 2) (4,2,6 .bgh. k 12)
12
4
2 6
= - 9 + 6 - 10
12
= - 19 + 6 = - 13
12
12

(ii) jKW vf fj
vLJfhL 1.23
ff: 10 UJ 8 I ff.
3

10 - 8
3
7

= 70 - 24 = 46
21
21

25

maha

vLJfhL 1.24
RUFf:

6 - - 10 .
35 ` 35 j

:
6 - - 10 = 6 + 10 = 16
35 ` 35 j
35
35

vLJfhL 1.25
RUFf:

7
6
`- 2 35 j - `3 35 j .

:
77 111
7
6
`- 2 35 j - `3 35 j = -35 - 35

= - 77 - 111 = - 188 =- 5 13
35

35

35

vLJfhL 1.26
5
U jKW vf TLj 1. mt xU v 20 v kbwhU
v ahJ?

:
U jKW vf TLj = 1
bfhLfgl v + njitahd v = 1
5 + njitahd v = 1
20
njitahd v = 1 - 5
20
20
-5
=
20
15
=
= 3
4
20
3
~ njitahd v MF.
4

7 - 5 , ii) 5 - 7 ,
35 35
6 12
iii) 7 - 3 , iv) `3 3 j - `2 1 j ,
3 4
4
4
5
1
v) `4 7 j - `6 4 j

i)

g 1.7
1. rahd ilia njbjLf.
i) 1 + 2 F rkkhdJ
3
3
(A) 2
(B) 3
ii) 4 9 F rkkhdJ
5 5
(A) 1
(B) 3

26

(C) 1

(D) 4

(C) 1

(D) 7

bkbaf bjhF

iii) 5 1 + 1 10 F rkkhdJ
11
11

(A) 4
(B) 3

(C) 5

(D) 7

iv) uL jKW vf TLj 1. xU v 1 v kbwhU v

2
3
4
3

(A)
(B)
(C)

(D) 1
3
4
4
2

2. TLf :

i) 12 kW 6
5

4 4
iv) - 7 + 9
8 16
vii) 11 + `- 7 j
13
2
ix) 7 + `- 10 j + `- 7 j
9
18
27

35 35
iv) `3 3 j - `2 1 j
4
4

7
5
vi) - kW 7
7
6
ix) 9 , 8 kW 1
4 7
28

ii) 9 + 15

iii) - 3 + 6
6
6
4 11
v) 4 + 7
vi) `- 6 j + `- 14 j
5 20
13
26
viii) `- 2 j + 5 + `- 7 j
5
12
10
x) 6 + `- 7 j + `- 9 j
3
6
12
ii) 5 - 7
6

12

iii) 7 - 3
3

v) `4 5 j - `6 1 j
7
4

5. RUFf: :

i) `1 2 j + `3 5 j
11
11

ii) `3 4 j - `7 3 j
5
10

iii) `- 1 2 j + `- 3 5 j + `6 3 j
11
11
11

iv) `- 3 9 j + `3 2 j + `6 5 j
10
5
20

v) `- 3 4 j + `2 3 j
5
8

vi) `- 1 5 j + `- 2 7 j
12
11

vii) `9 6 j + `- 11 2 j + `- 5 7 j
7
3
42

iii) 8 kW 6

4. RUFf: :

i) 7 - 5

13
13
7
8
v) kW
3
4
viii) 3 kW - 7
6
2

iv) - 7 kW - 5
13
13
vii) 9 kW - 10
7
3
4
7
x) , kW - 8
5
10
15
3. tUtdt TLjiy fLo.
i) - 3 + 7

ii) 7 kW 17

viii) `7 3 j + `- 10 7 j
10
21

6. U jKW vf TLj 17 . mtW xU v 5 , v kbwhU

4
2
viz fLo .
7. vj vQl 5 I Todh 49 . ilF?
6
30
27

maha

8. xU filfhu xU eh 7 3 ., 2 1 . kW 3 3 . rfiu wh.

4
2
5
mW KGtJ mt w rfiu bkhj msit fLo.

9. uh#h 25 m th Kj eh 1 3 mia, ulhtJ

4
eh4 1 mia gagLdh. jKs m msit
2
fLo.
10. uh 10 Mfis th 3 4 mt jifF, 2 3
5
10
egUF bfhLjh. vjid Mf j UF?

(iii) jKW vf bgUf

U jKW vfis bgUf, mt gFfis, bjhFfis

jjahf bgU a jKW vzhf vGjyh. a jKW viz

mjDila l totF RUfyh.

vLJfhL 1.27
4
22
` 11 j kW ` -8 j Mat bgUf gyid fLo
:

4
22
` 11 j # ` -8 j
-

=` - 4 j # ` - 22 j = 88
11

88

=1
vLJfhL 1.28
4
2
`- 2 15 j kW `- 3 49 j Mat bgUf gyid fLo

34
149
4
2
`- 2 15 j # `- 3 49 j = ` -15 j # ` -49 j

= 5066 = 6 656
735

735

vLJfhL 1.29
U jKW vf bgUfgy 2 . mtW xU jKW v 1
2
9
v kbwhU jKW viz fLo.

28

bkbaf bjhF

:
U jKW vf bgUfgy = 2
9
bfhLfgl jKW v = 1
2
` bfhLfgl jKW v # njitahd v = 2
9
1 # njitahd v = 2
2
9
2
njitahd v =
#2 =4
9 1
9
` njitahd jKW v 4 MF.
9
xU jKW v bgUf nekhW (myJ jiy).
U jKW vf bgUfgy 1Mf Ujh xU v kw
vQF bgUf nekhW vwiHfgLwJ.

i)

7 # 23 = 1
23
7
` 7 bgUf nekhW 23 .
23
7

njngh 23 bgUf nekhW 7 .

23
7

ii) ` - 8 j # ` 12 j = 1
12
8

fhf

1) 7 # 9 , 2) 11 # 24

` ` - 8 j bgUf nekhW ` 12 j .
12
-8

12
12 33
3) `- 1 1 j # `- 7 2 j
4
3

8
12
` 8 j bgUf nekhW ` 12 j
-

(iv) jKW vf tFj

xU jKW viz kbwhU jKW vzh tFf, Kj jKW
viz ulhtJ jKW v bgUf nekhwh bgUf ntL.

vLJfhL 1.30
fLo ` 2 j ' ` - 5 j .
3
10

:
2
5 = 2 ' -1
` 3 j ' `10 j
3 ` 2 j
= 2 # (- 2) = - 4
3
3
29

maha

vLJfhL 1.31
fLo 4 3 ' 2 3 .
7
8

:
4 3 ' 2 3 = 31 ' 19
7
8
7
8
= 31 # 8 = 248
7 19
133
= 1 115
133

g 1.8
1. rahd ilia njbjLf:
i) 7 13 F rkkhdJ
13
7

(A) 7
(B) 13
ii) 7 bgUf nekhW.
8
(B) 8

(A) 7
8
7
4
22
iii)
`
F rkkhdJ
8 j
- 11

(A) 1

(B) 2

iv) 4 9 F rkkhdJ
9
36

(A) - 16
(B) 4
9
2. bgUFf :
i) - 12 kW 6
5
5
iii) - 3 kW 7
9
8
v) - 50 kW 28
7
10

(C) 1

(D) 1

(C) - 7
8

(D) - 8
7

(C) 3

(D) 4

(C) 5

(D) 7

ii) - 7 kW 5
13
13
iv) - 6 kW 44
11
22
vi) - 5 kW - 4
6
15

3. flt kfis fLo:

i) 9 # - 10 # 15
ii) - 8 # - 5 # - 30
5
4
18
4
6
10
iii) 1 1 # 2 2 # 9 3
iv) - 3 4 # - 2 1 # 9 1
5
5
10
15
5
5
4. flt kfis fLo:
i) - 4 ' 9
ii) 3 ' ` - 4 j
9
5
10
-4
30

v) 3 # 9 # 10
6 7
4

bkbaf bjhF

iii) ` - 8 j ' 7
35
35

iv) - 9 3 ' 1 3
4
40

5. U jKW vf bgUfgy 6. mtW xU v 14 , kbwhU

3
viz fLo:
21
6. vj vQl 7 I bgUdh 4 ilF?
2

1.10 jrk vf
(i) jKW vfis jrk vfshf Fj

jrk vfis g K tFf f goUf. mtiw g

RUfkhf id Tnth.

vyh jKW vfis jrk vfshf khw Ko.

vLJfhlhf,
(i)

1 = 1'8
8

` 1 = 0.125
8

(ii)

3 = 3'4
4

` 3 = 0.75
4

(iii) 3 1 = 16 = 3.2
5

(iv)

2 = 0.6666g (F 6 Koyhk UgUg

3
tJbfhoUwJ)

jrk vf

jrk vf Tl kW fj
vLJfhL 1.32
TLf 120.4, 2.563, 18.964

120.4

2.563

18.964

141.927

31

maha

vLJfhL 1.33
63.7 UJ 43.508 I ff.
:
63.700
( ) 43.508
20.192
vLJfhL 1.34
kfhf 27.69 - 14.04 + 35.072 - 10.12.

:
27.690
35.072

14.04
10.12

62.762
24.16

62.762

24.16

38.602

il: 38.602.

vLJfhL 1.35
gh xU ngdhit `177.50F xU bgiy `4.75F kW xU nehL
jfij `20.60F thdh. mtSila bkhj bry vd?

:
xU ngdh iy

= `177.50

xU bg iy

= `4.75

xU nehLjf iy = `20.60
` gh bkhj bry

= `202.85

1.11 jrk vf bgUf

uh 1 .. gH iy % `23.50 j 2.5 gHfis thdh.
mt brYj ntoa bjhif vts? rakhf mJ `(2.5 23.50) vUF.
2.5 kW 23.5 uL jrk vfshf Uwd. jUz eh U jrk
vfis bgUf ntoa Niy cUthwJ. vdnt eh U jrk vf
bgUfiy ghngh.
bghGJ 1.5 4.3 k fhngh.

43 I 15 M bgUf ekF ilgJ 645.

4.3 kW 1.5 uoY tywJF xU yf
j jrk csJ.
Mifah, bgUf gy uL yff
tyUJ lwkhf j jrk ia itf ntL
(1 + 1 = 2). vdnt 1.5 4.3 = 6.45
32

i) 2.9 5
ii) 1.9 1.3
iii) 2.2 4.05

bkbaf bjhF
bghGJ 1.43 I 2.1 M bgUf Kj 143 I 21 M bgUf ntL.
bgUfgy jrk ia Ff (2 + 1 = 3) yff tyUJ lwkhf
j itf ntL. vdnt, 1.43 2.1 = 3.003 .

vLJfhL 1.36
xU rJu gf 3.2 br., mjDila Rwsit fLo.

:
xU rJu midJ gffS rkkhf Uwd.
xbthU gf s = 3.2 cm.
vdnt, rJu Rws = 4 gf

= 4 3.2 = 12.8 br.

xU rJu
Rws= 4 gf

vLJfhL 1.37
xU brtf s 6.3 br. kW mjDila mfy 3.2 br. Mf
UwJ, brtf gu vd ?

:
brtf s = 6.3 br.
brtf mfy = 3.2 br.
brtf gu = (s) (mfy)

= 6.3 3.2 = 20.16 br.2

jrk vfis 10, 100 kW 1000 M bgUf

3.7 = 37 , 3.72 = 372 kW 3.723 = 3723 vd uh fhwh. Mfnt
100
1000
10
jrk lij bghWJ jrk viz 10 , 100 kW 1000 I gFahf
bfhl d vfshf khw Ko vgij fhwh. bghGJ xU jrk
viz 10, 100, 1000 M bgUf vd fG vgij fhngh.
vLJfhlhf,

3.23 10 = 323 10 = 32.3

100
jrk viz 10 M bgUF nghJ jrk ahdJ tyJ wkhf xU
yf efwJ.

3.23 100 = 323 100 = 323

100
jrk viz 100 M bgUF nghJ jrk
ahdJ tyJ wkhf uL yff efwJ.

3.23 1000 = 323 1000

100

i)

0.7 10

ii) 1.3 100

iii) 76.3 1000

= 3230
33

maha

1
g 1.9

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) 0.1 0.1 F rkkhdJ

(A) 0.1
(B) 0.11
ii) 5 100 F rkkhdJ

(A) 0.5
(B) 0.005
iii) 1 1 F rkkhdJ
10 10

(A) 0.01
(B) 0.001
iv) 0.4 5 F rkkhdJ

(C) 0.01

(D) 0.0001

(C) 0.05

(D) 0.0005

(C) 0.0001

(D) 0.1

(C) 2

(D) 3

(A) 1

(B) 0.4

2. fLo :
(i) 0.3 7

(ii) 9 4.5

(iii) 2.85 6

(iv) 20.7 4

(v) 0.05 9

(vi) 212.03 5

(vii) 3 0.86

(viii) 3.5 0.3

(ix) 0.2 51.7

(x) 0.3 3.47

(xi) 1.4 3.2

(xii) 0.5 0.0025

(xiii) 12.4 0.17 (xiv) 1.04 0.03

3. fLo :
(i) 1.4 10
(v) 32.3 100

(ii) 4.68 10

(iii) 456.7 10

(vi) 171.4 100

(vii) 4.78 100

(iv) 269.08 10

4. s 10.3 br., mfy 5 br. msf cs brtf guig

fLo

5. xU Urfu to xU l bgnuh 75.6 . uij flwJ. 10

l bgnuh vts uij mJ flF ?

(ii) jrk vf tFj:

#h mtSila tFgiwia myfhu brtjF totfis
jah brJbfhoUjh. s 1.8br. mss y tzfhj JLf
mtSF njitglJ. mt 7.2 br. sKs tz fhj Jil
thdh. j JoUJ mtSF njitahd vjid fhj
JLf mtsh bgw Ko? mt mij 7.2 br. Mf fUdh mt
1.8
fUaJ rah?

7.2 kW 1.8 uL jrk vfshf Uwd. Mifah jrk vf

tFjiy eh bjJ bfhs ntL.
34

bkbaf bjhF
vLJfhlhf,

141.5 ' 10 = 14.15

141.5 ' 100 = 1.415

fhf:

141.5 ' 1000 = 0.1415

i) 432.5 10
ii) 432.5 100
iii) 432.5 1000

<it bgWtjF 1F gf vjid

{af csdnth mjid yff lwkhf
jrk ahdJ brY.

vLJfhL 1.38
fLo 4.2 3.

:
4.2 3 = 42 ' 3 = 42 # 1

10
10 3
= 42 # 1 = 1 # 42
10 # 3
10 # 3
= 1 # 42 = 1 # 14
10
3
10
= 14 = 1.4
10

fhf:

i) 85.8 3
ii) 25.5 5

vLJfhL 1.39
fLo 18.5 5.

fhf:

185 I 5 M tFf 37 bgWnwh.

18.5 jrk F tygf xU yf csJ.
vdnt 37 tyJwUJ lwkhf xU yf j
xU jrk ia itf 3.7 ilF.

i) 73.12 4
ii) 34.55 7

xU jrk viz kbwhU jrk vzh tFj

vLJfhL 1.40
fLo 17.6 .
0.4

:
eh bgWtJ 17.6 0.4 = 176 ' 4
10 10

= 176 # 10 = 44.
10

35

fhf:
i) 9.25
0.5
ii) 36
0.04
iii) 6.5
1.3

maha

vLJfhL 1.41
xU kJ 129.92 bjhiyit 3.2 k neu flwJ. xU k
neu mJ flF bjhiy vts?

:
kJth flfglbjhiy

j bjhiyit flf njitahd neu

= 129.92 ..
= 3.2 k

Mifah, 1 k neu mJ flj bjhiy = 129.92 = 1299.2 = 40.6 ..

3.2

32

g 1.10

1. rahd ilia njbjLf.

i) 0.1 0.1 F rkkhdJ

(A) 1

(B) 0.1

1 F rkkhdJ
1000
(A) 0.01
(B) 0.001

(C) 0.01

(D) 2

ii)

(C) 1.001

iii) xU M iy %.12.50

(D) 1.01

v 50 %ghF vjid Mf

thfKo ?

(A) 2

(B) 3

(C) 4

(D) 7

iv) 12.5 F rkkhdJ

2.5

(A) 4
(B) 5

(C) 7

(D) 10

2. fLo :

(i) 0.6 2

(ii) 0.45 5

(iii) 3.48 3

(iv) 64.8 6

(v) 785.2 4

(vi) 21.28 7

3. fLo :

(i) 6.8 10

(ii) 43.5 10

(iii) 0.9 10

(iv) 44.3 10

(v) 373.48 10

(vi) 0.79 10

4. fLo:

(i) 5.6 100

(ii) 0.7 100

(iii) 0.69 100

(iv) 743.6 100

(v) 43.7 100

(vi) 78.73 100

5. fLo :

(i) 8.9 1000

(ii) 73.3 1000

(iii) 48.73 1000

(iv) 178.9 1000

(v) 0.9 1000

(vi) 0.09 1000

36

bkbaf bjhF

6. fLo :
(i) 9 4.5

(iv) 40.95 5

(ii) 48 0.3 (iii) 6.25 0.5

(v) 0.7 0.35 (vi) 8.75 0.25

7. xU to2.4 bgnuh 55.2 uij flwJ. l bgnuh

mto vts uij flF?

8. xnu khahd 11 igf bkhj vil 115.5 v 1 ig vil

vd?

9. xU jf iy 40.25 % v 362.25 %ghF vjid jff

thf Ko?

10. xU thfd XLe 3.2 kneu 135.04 . bjhiyit flwh.

mtUila ntfij fLo?

11. U vf bgUfgy 45.36 mtW xU v 3.15 kw viz

fLo?

1.12 mLFf
mKf

Ma uhKit ghJ 2560000000000000? ij cdh gof

Kokh? vW nflh

ij gof fodkhf csJ Iah. vW mt gyjh.

Na kW r nfhfSF ilnas bjhiy 1,433,500,000,000 .

uh#h, j viz cdh gof Kokh? vW Ma nflh.

J Tl gogjF fodkhf csJ Iah vW mt gyjh.

bghGJ nkny bfhLfgl vLJfhLfUJ gof fodkhf

cs vfis vgo gogJ vW fhngh.

mLFf

fl Kiwf bga vfis va totkhf eh vGj Ko.

10 = 101

100 = 101 101 = = 102

1000 = 101 101 101 = 103

njnghy

21 # 21 = 22
21 # 21 # 21 = 23

21 # 21 # 21 # 21 = 24

37

maha

nkfl vLJfhLfUJ

= a2 [ a tf myJ a mLF 2 F cajgLwJ

a # a
vdgofyh. ]

a # a # a
vdgofyh]

= a3 [a fd myJ a mLF 3 F cajgLwJ

a # a # a # a = a4 [a ehF mLFF cajgLwJ myJ a

ehF mLF vd gofyh. ]
gggggggg gggggggg

a # a # ... m Kiwf = am [a, m mLFF cajgLwJ myJ a

m mLF vd gofyh.
F a mokhd vwiHfgLwJ. m mLF F (myJ) mLF
vwiHfgLwJ ]
F: a2 kW a3 vgtd a tf kW a fd vw
w bgaf bgWsd.
` mLF Ffis gagL bga vfis va to ekh vGj Ko.

vLJfhL 1.42
512 I mLF bjhl TW.
:
eh bgWtJ

512 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 2

Mifah 512 = 29 vd eh brhyyh.

vLJfhL 1.43
vJ bgaJ 25 , 52 ?

25 = 2 # 2 # 2 2 2 = 32

kW 52 = 5 # 5 = 25 vd eh bgwyh.

32 > 25.
` 25 MdJ 52 I l bgaJ.

vLJfhL 1.44
144I gfh fhuf mLFf bgUfyhf TWf.
38

bkbaf bjhF

:
144 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 3 # 3

= 24 # 32

` 144 = 24 # 32

vLJfhL 1.45
(i) 45 (ii) (-4)5 kfis fhf.
:
(i) 45
45 = 4 # 4 # 4 # 4 # 4

= 1024.
(ii) ( 4)5
(4)5 = ( 4) # ( 4) # ( 4) # ( 4) # ( 4)

= 1024.
g 1.11

1. rahd ilia njbjLf.

i) 102 F rkkhdJ
(A) 100

(B) 100

(C) 10

(D) 10

(C) 10

(D) 10

ii) ( 10)2 F rkkhdJ

(A) 100

iii) a a a ..... n KiwfSF rkkhdJ

(A) am

(B) an

(C) an

(D) am + n

(C) 0

(D) 3

iv) 1033 0 F rkkhdJ

(A) 103

(B) 100

(B) 9

2. flt k fhf :
(i) 28
(iv) 123

(ii) 33
(v) 134

(iii) 113
(vi) 010

3. fltiw mLFbjhl mik vGJf :

(i) 7 # 7 # 7 # 7 # 7 7

(ii) 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 # 1

(iii) 10 # 10 # 10 # 10 # 10 # 10

(iv) b # b # b # b # b

(v) 2 # 2 # a # a # a # a

39

(vi) 1003 1003 1003

maha

4. fltiw mLFbjhl Fpo TW (a mokhd)

(i) 216

(ii) 243

(iii) 625

(iv) 1024

(v) 3125

(vi) 100000

5. fltW bga v vJ:

(i) 45 , 54

(ii) 25 , 52

(iii) 32 , 23

(iv) 56 , 65

(v) 72 , 27

(vi) 47 , 74

6. fltiw mt gfh fhufmL bgUfyhf TWf:

(i) 100

(ii) 384

(iii) 798

(iv) 678

(v) 948

(vi) 640

(i) 2 # 105

(ii) 0 # 104

(iii) 52 # 34

(iv) 24 # 34

(v) 32 # 109

(vi) 103 # 0

(ii) ( 1)10
(v) (6)3 # (7)2

(iii) ( 3)2 # ( 2)3

(vi) ( 2)7 # ( 2)10

7. RUFf :

8. RUFf :
(i) ( 5)3
(iv) ( 4)2 # ( 5)3

mLF bjhl f
xnu khahd mokhdfis bfhl mLFfis bgUFj

1)

32 # 34

= (3 # 3) # (3 # 3 # 3 3)
= 31 # 31 # 31 # 31 # 31 # 31
= 36

2)

( 5)2 # ( 5)3

= [( 5) # ( 5) ] # [( 5) # ( 5) # ( 5)]
= ( 5)1 # ( 5)1 # ( 5)1 # ( 5)1 # ( 5)1
= ( 5)5

3)

a2 # a5

= (a # a) # (a # a # a # a # a)
= a1 # a1 # a1 # a1 # a1 # a1 # a1
= a7

m kW n vw KG vfis
mLfhf, {akw mokhd a
cs U vfis bgUFtJ, U
mLFfis To a mL nghl
ntL a m # a n = a m + n .
40

i) 25 # 27

ii) 43 # 44

iii) p3 # p5 iv) ^- 4h100 # ^- 4h10

bkbaf bjhF

xnu khahd mokhdfis bfhl mLFf tFj :

i)

7
27 25 = 25

2
= 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2
2#2#2#2#2

= 22
( 5) 4
(- 5) 4 ' (- 5) 3 = - 3
(- 5)

ii)

= (- 5) # (- 5) # (- 5) # (- 5)
(- 5) # (- 5) # (- 5)

= - 5
tUJ bghJthf {akyhj KG a F am ' an = amn, m
kW n KG vf nkY m > n.

mL mLF
fltiw ft :

(i)

(33)2 = 33 33

(ii)

= 33+3 = 36

(22)3 = 22 22 22

= 22+2+2

= 26

bghJthf, UJ {akyhj vj xU KG a F ^a mhn = a mn , m

kW n KG vf.

vLJfhL: 1.46
mLF F mik vGJf. mokhd 3 vd vLJ bfhf.

9999
:

9 9 9 9 = 94 vd eh bgwyh.

Mifah

9 = 3 3 vgJ ekF bj.

94 = (32)4

= 38

41

maha

1
g 1.12

1. rahd ilia njbjLf.

i) am ax F rkkhdJ
(A) am x
(B) am + x

(C) am x

(D) a m

ii) 1012 1010 F rkkhdJ

(A) 102
(B) 1

(C) 0

(D) 1010

iii) 1010 102 F rkkhdJ

(A) 105
(B) 108

(C) 1012

(D) 1020

iv) (22)10 F rkkhdJ

(A) 25
(B) 212

(C) 220

(D) 210

mLFbjhl fis gagL mLF bjhl mik vGJf.

2. i) 35 # 33 # 34

ii) a3 # a2 # a7
iii) 7 x # 72 # 73
iv) 100 # 102 # 105
v) 56 # 52 # 51

3. i) 510 ' 56

ii) a6 ' a2
iii) 1010 ' 100
iv) 46 ' 44
v) 33 ' 33

4. i) ^34h3

ii) ^25h4
iii) ^45h2
iv) ^40h10
v) ^52h10

42

bkbaf bjhF

id bfhf!

1. a vf N = {1, 2, 3, ...}

2. KG vf W = {0, 1, 2, ...}

3. KGf Z = {..., 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}

4. U if KGf bgUfgy xU if KGthF.

5. U Fiw KGf bgUfgy xU if KGthF.

6. xU if KG kW xU Fiw KG Mat bgUfgy xU Fiw

KGthF.

7. U KGf tFjyhdJ xU KGthf Uf ntoa njitiy

myJ mtaiy.

8. d vgJ xU KGgF xU gF MF.

9. bgUfgy 1Mf Uw {akyhj U vf xWbfhW

jiy vd miHfgLwd

10. a a a ... m Kiwf = am (jid a mLF m myJ a m

MtJ mLF vd gofyh)

11. {akw KGf a, b kW KG vf m, n F

i)

am an = am + n

m
ii) a n = a m - n , m > n vDnghJ
a
iii) ^a mhn = a mn

iv) ( 1)n = 1, n xU uil v vDnghJ

( 1)n = 1, n xU xiw v vDnghJ

43

maha

afj
2.1 afj nfhitf
(i) mKf
eh Mwh tF x + 10, y 9, 3m + 4, 2y 8 nghw vjhd afj
nfhitfis ghUnwh.
afj nfhitf vgJ f Kakhd lij twJ.
gF afj nfhitf cUthF Kiw, nfhitfis vthW xW
nrgJ, nfhit kfis vgo fhgJ, va rkghLf mikJ
mtiw gJ nghwtiw fWbfhs Uf.

(ii) khf, khf, bfGf

kh
btntW v kfis bgwToa X cW kh (myJ cU) vdgL.
khfis a, b, c, x, y, z nghw My vGJfsh Ffyh.
kh
iyahd v k bfhl x cW xU kh vdgL.
vLJfhlhf, 3, - 25, 12 kW 8.9 Mad khf MF.
13
v nfhit
v fj braghLf _ykhf nrJ vGjgl vf v nfhit
myJ v fj nfhit vwiHfgLwJ.
vLJfhlhf, 3 + (4 5), 5 (4 2), (7 9) 5 kW (3 4) (4 5 7)
Mad v nfhitf.
afj nfhit (Algebraic Expression)
khfis, vfis (kh) fj braghLf _ykhf nrJ
vGjgLtJ afj nfhitahF.

44

afj

vLJfhL 2.1
TW

nfhit

(i)

y cl 5 I TLf

y+5

(ii)

n UJ 8 I ff

n8

(iii)

12 I x M bgUFf

12 x

(iv)

p I 3 M tFf

p
3

cW
xU khahfnth myJ xU khahfnth myJ kh kW khf
bgUf nrifnah X cW vdgL.
3x2 + 6x - 5 vw nfhit, 3x2, 6x kW 5 vgit nfhit
cWf vdgL.
X cW vgJ flthW mikayh.

(i) xU kh
(ii) xU kh
(iii) xU kh kW kh (khf) bgUfgy
(iv) uL myJ mjF nkgl khf bgUf.
4a2 + 7a + 3, vw nfhit 4a2, 7a , 3 vgd cWfshF. bkhj cWf 3.
- 6p2 + 18pq + 9q2 - 7, vw nfhit - 6p2, 18pq, 9q2 , 7 vgd cWfshF.
bkhj cWf 4.
vjid cWf csd?

(i) 88b

(iv) 7x2 y - 4y + 8x - 9

(ii) 33p 2q

(v) 4m2 n + 3mn2

(iii) a2 + 4a - 5

bfG
X cW cs kh myJ fhu bfG vgJ W kbwhU
fhu MF. fhuia bfhL bfhLfgLs kh (myJ fhu)
l bgUdh mnj cW ilF.

6xy, vw cW 6, x kW
y vgd fhufshF.
45

maha

vLJfhL 2.2
5xy vw cW,
xy bfG 5 MF (v bfG),
5x bfG y MF,
5y bfG x MF.
v bfGit fhf.

(i) 3z
(iv) pq

(ii) 8ax

(iii) ab

(v) 1 mn

(vi) - 4 yz

vLJfhL 2.3
mn2 vw cW,
mn2 bfG 1,

n2 bfG m,
m bfG n2 .

t.v

nfhit

10 2y

11 + yz

yn2 + 10

- 3m2 y + n

y I bfhl
cW

y bfG

yz

46

afj

g 2.1

1. rahd ilia njbjLf :

(i) - 7xy cs v bfG

(A) - 7

(B) x

(C) y

(D) xy

(C) 1

(D) - 1

(C) 12 - z

(D) z - 12

(ii) - q cs v bfG

(A) q

(B) - q

(iii) z UJ 12 I fjh

(A) 12 + z

(B) 12z

(iv) n I - 7 M bgUdh

(C) 7
n
(v) p _W klFl 7I nrjh
(A) 7n

(B) - 7n

(A) 21p

(B) 3p - 7

(C) 3p + 7

(D) - 7
n
(D) 7 - 3p

2. tUtit cs khfis, khfis fLo
a, 5, - xy, p, - 9.5

3. nHs xbthiw nfhitahf khw

(i) x I l 6 mf

(ii) - m UJ 7 I ff

(iii) 3q cl 11 I TLf

(iv) x _W klifl 10 mf

(v) y IJ klifl 8 Fiw

4. 3y2 - 4yx + 9x2 vw nfhit cs xbthU cWF vbfG

fhf.

5. x I bfhoUF cWig, mj bfGit fhf.

(i) y2 x + y
(iii) 5 + z + zx

(ii) 3 + x + 3x2 y
(iv) 2x2 y - 5xy2 + 7y2

6. y2 I bfhoUF cWig mj bfGit FLf.

(i) 3 - my2

(ii) 6y2 + 8x

(iii) 2x2 y - 9xy2 + 5x2

(iii) mLF

xU kh a I, 5 Kiw bgUFtij a # a # a # a # a = a5 vd vGjyh.
(jid a mLF 5 vd Twyh). nj ngh, b # b # b = b3 (b mLF
3) kW c # c # c # c = c4 (c mLF 4). F a, b, c vgit mokhd MF.
5, 3, 4 vgit mLF MF.
47

maha

vLJfhL 2.4
(i) - 8a2 vw cW, kh a mLF 2 MF.
(ii) m vw cW, kh m mLF 1 MF.

(iv) xj cWfS, khWgl cWfS

xj mLFfis bfhl xj kh myJ khf bgUf xj
cWf vdgL. btntW mLFfis bfhl btntW khf myJ
khf bgUf khWgl cWf vdgL.

vLJfhL 2.5
(i) x, - 5x, 9x Ma cWf midJ x vw khiana
bfhLsjh, it xj cWf vdgL.

(ii) 4x2 y, - 7yx2 Ma cWf midJ x2 y vw khiana

bfhLsjh, it xj cWf vdgL.

vLJfhL 2.6
(i) 6x, 6y Mait khWgl cWfshF.
(ii) 3xy2, 5xy, 8x, - 10y Mait khWgl cWfshF.

xj cWfis khWgl cWfis FLf.

(i) 13x kW 5x
(iv) 36mn kW - 5nm

(ii) - 7m kW - 3n
(iii) 4x2 z kW - 10zx2

(v) - 8p2 q kW 3pq2

(v) afj nfhit go

8x2 - 6x + 7 vw nfhitia vLJ bfhnth. 8x2, - 6x kW
7 vw 3 cWf csd. 8x2 vw cW, kh x mLF 2 MF. - 6x
vw cW, kh x mLF 1 MF. 7 vw cWig kh myJ j
cW vd Twyh.

7 = 7 # 1 = 7x0 F x mLF 0 MF. nkny TwgLs nfhit

8x2 MdJ fbga mLfhf 2 I bfhLsJ. vdnt, 8x2 - 6x + 7 vw
nfhit go 2 MF.

48

afj
2

6x y + 2xy + 3y vw nfhitia vLJ bfhnth. 6x y vw

2
cW kh x y mLF 3. (x kW y mLFfis Tl eh bgWtJ
2
mjhtJ 2 + 1 = 3) 2xy vw cW kh xy mLF 2. 3y vw cW kh
y2 mLF 2.
2
2
2

vdnt, 6x y + 2xy + 3y vw nfhit 6x y vw cWghdJ fbga
mLfhf 3 I bfhLsJ. Mfnt , nfhit go 3 MF.

vdnt xnu xU khia bfhl nfhit mj kh f caj
mLF mj nfhit go vdgLwJ. xWF nkgl khfis bfhl
nfhit khf caj mLFf TLbjhif mj nfhit go
vdgLwJ.

F : xU kh go 0 MF.

vLJfhL 2.7
(i) 5a2 - 6a + 10 vw nfhit go 2
(ii) 3x2 + 7 + 6xy2 vw nfhit go 3
(iii) m2 n2 + 3mn + 8 vw nfhit go 4

(vi) xU afj nfhit k

xU nfhit khfis bfhlJ vW, xU kh vj kig bgwyh
vW eh mnth. vdnt xbthU kh xU kig bgWnghJ nfhit
xU kig bgWwJ.

vLJfhlhf, xU jf iy x v, 5 jff thdh,
bfhLf ntoa gz 5x MF. 5x vw nfhit kghdJ kh x vLF
kig bghWJ mik.

x = 4 v, 5x = 5 # 4 = 20 .
x = 30 v, 5x = 5 # 30 = 150.

vdnt, xU nfhit kig fhz x bfhLfgl kig ul
ntL.

vLJfhL 2.8
x = 2 v, fhQ nfhitf kig fhf.
(i) x + 5

(ii) 7x - 3

(iii) 20 - 5x2

: x = 2 I tU nfhitf ulh

(i)

(ii)

x + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7
7x 3 = 7 (2) 3

= 14 3 = 11

49

maha

(iii)

20 5x2 = 20 5 (2)2
= 20 5 (4)
= 20 20 = 0

vLJfhL 2.9
a =- 3 , b = 2 v fl nfhitf kig fhf.

(i) a + b
:

(ii) 9a - 5b

(iii) a2 + 2ab + b2

a =- 3 , b = 2 vd ul

(i)

a+b = 3+2=1

(ii)

9a 5b = 9 ( 3) 5 (2)
= 27 10 = 37

(iii) a2 + 2ab + b2 = (- 3) 2 + 2 ( 3) (2) + 22

= 9 12 + 4 = 1
1. p =- 3 v, fl
nfhitf kig fhf.

(i) 6p - 3

(ii)

2p2 - 3p + 2

2. bfhLfgLs kig itJ nfhit

kig fhf.
x

10

x- 3

3. kh kig fhf.
x
2x

14

28

42

g 2.2
1. rahd ilia njbjLf
(i) 5m2 + 25mn + 4n2 vw nfhit go
(A) 1
(ii)

(B) 2

(C) 3

(D) 4

p = 40 , q = 20 v (p q) + 8 vw nfhit k
(A) 60

(B) 20

(iii) x y + x y + y vw nfhit go
(A) 1
(B) 2
2

(C) 68

(D) 28

(C) 3

(D) 4

50

afj

(iv) m = - 4 v 3m + 4 vw nfhit k

(A) 16
(B) 8
(C) - 12

(D) - 8

(v) p = 2, q = 3 v (p + q) - ^ p - qh vw nfhit k

(A) 6
(B) 5
(C) 4
(D) 3
2. flt xj cWfis FLf.

(i) 4x, 6y, 7x

(ii) 2a, 7b, - 3b

(iii) xy, 3x2 y, - 3y2, - 8yx2

(iv) ab, a2 b, a2 b2, 7a2 b

(v) 5pq, - 4p, 3q, p2 q2, 10p, - 4p2, 25pq, 70q, 14p2 q2

3. nfhitf goia FLf.

(i) x2 + yz
(ii) 15y2 - 3
(iv) a2 b2 - 7ab
(v) 1 - 3t + 7t2

4. x = 1 v, tUtdt kig fhf.

(i) 3x - 7
(ii) - x + 9
(iii)

5. a = 5 , b =- 3, v, tUtdt kig fhf.

(i) 3a - 2b
(ii) a2 + b2
(iii) 4a2 + 5b - 3

(iii)

6x2 y + xy

3x2 - x + 7

2.2 nfhitf Tl kW fj
xj cWf TlY fjY

xj cWf, khWgl cWf g eh Kng mUnwh. xj
cWfis kLnk Tl Ko vgJ Tl mogil jJtkhF.

uL myJ mjF nkgl xj cWf Tliy fhz, mt
v bfGfis eh Tl ntL. ijnghW, uL xj cWf
ntWghL fhz, mt v bfGf ntWghil eh fhz ntL.
xj cWf Tl myJ fj fhz uL tKiwf csd. mit,

(i) il Kiw (Horizontal method)

(ii) iy FJ Kiw (Vertical method)

(i) il Kiw : j tKiw midJ cWfis il tir

tirgL, xj cWfis xW gLa d mt Tl myJ
fjiy fhz ntL.

vLJfhL 2.10
TLj fhf : 2x, 5x.
: 2x + 5x = ^2 + 5h # x

= 7 # x = 7x
51

maha

(ii) iy FJ Kiw : j tKiw, xj cWfis iyFjhf

vG d, eh mt Tl myJ fjiy fhz ntL.

vLJfhL 2.11
TLj fhf : 4a, 7a.
:

4a

+ 7 a

11 a

vLJfhL 2.12
TLj fhf : 7pq, - 4pq , 2pq .
:

il Kiw

iy FJ Kiw

7 pq

7pq - 4pq + 2pq

= ^7 - 4 + 2h # pq

4 pq

=5 pq

+ 2 pq
5 pq

vLJfhL 2.13
TLj fhf 5x2 y, 7x2 y, - 3x2 y, 4x2 y .
:

il Kiw

iy FJ Kiw

5x2 y + 7x2 y - 3x2 y + 4x2 y

=^5 + 7 - 3 + 4h x2 y

+ 7x2 y

= 13x2 y

- 3x2 y

5x2 y

+ 4x2 y

13x2 y

vLJfhL 2.14
7a UJ 3a I ff.
:

il Kiw

iy FJ Kiw

7a - 3a = ^7 - 3h a

7a

= 4 a

+ 3 a (Fpil
(- ) khw)
4a

52

afj

eh xU vUJ kbwhU viz fFnghJ ulhtJ

v Tl nekhiw Kj vQl Tl ntL. mjhtJ, 6
UJ 4 I ff, 4 Fpilkh (Tl nekhW) 6 - 4 = 2 vd
vGj ntL.

F : xU cWig fF bra vgJ mj ne khiw TL

braYF rkkhdJ cjhuzkhf + 3a I fj vgJ 3aI TLtjF
rkkhdJ.

vLJfhL 2.15
(i)

9 xy UJ - 2xy I ff.
9 xy

2 xy
(+)

(Fpil khw)

11 xy
(ii)
:

- 6p2 q2 UJ 8p2 q2 I ff.

- 6p2 q2

+ 8p2 q2
()
- 14p2 q2
xj cWfis TLtJ myJ fgJ nghW khWgl cWfis
TLtJ myJ fgJ vgJ ayhJ.

x cl eh 7I TLtjF, x + 7 vd vGJnth. x kW 7 Ma
U cWfS khwhk csd.
J nghynt khWgl cWfshd 4xy kW 5 I To t Tliy
4xy + 5. vd vGJnth. 5pq UJ 6 I fjh 5pq- 6 ilF.

vLJfhL 2.16
TLj fhf : 6a + 3, 4a - 2 .
:

xj cWf

xj cWf
53

maha

2
= 6a + 4a + 3 2

(xj cWfis xW nrj)

= 10a + 1
vLJfhL 2.17
RUFf : 6t + 5 + t + 1
:

xj cWf

xj cWf

= 6t + t + 5 + 1 (xj cWfis xW nrj)

= 7t + 6
vLJfhL 2.18
TLj fhf : 5y + 8 + 3z , 4y - 5
:
5y + 8 + 3z + 4y - 5
= 5y + 4y + 8 - 5 + 3z
= 9y + 3 + 3z

(xj cWfis xW nrj)

(khWgl cWghd 3z mgona UF)

vLJfhL 2.19
15n2 - 10n + 6n - 6n2 - 3n + 5 vw nfhitia RUFf.
:
xj cWfis xW nrf
15n2 - 6n2 - 10n + 6n - 3n + 5
= ^15 - 6h n2 + ^- 10 + 6 - 3h n + 5

= 9n2 + ^- 7h n + 5
= 9n2 - 7n + 5
vLJfhL 2.20
TLj fhf : 10x2 - 5xy + 2y2, - 4x2 + 4xy + 5y2 , 3x2 - 2xy - 6y2 .
:

10x2 - 5xy + 2y2

- 4x2 + 4xy + 5y2
+ 3x2 - 2xy - 6y2
2

9x - 3xy + y

54

TLj fhf :

(i) 8m - 7n, 3n - 4m + 5
(ii) a + b, - a + b
(iii) 4a2, - 5a2, - 3a2, 7a2

afj

vLJfhL 2.21
- 8a + 9b

UJ 6a - 3b I ff

-^8 - 5h = - 8 + 5,
- 2^m - nh =- 2m + 2n

- 8a + 9b
+ 6a - 3b

()

(+)

- 14a + 12b

vLJfhL 2.22

vf Ffis
gagLJtJ nghynt
afj cWf
FfS ifahsgLwJ

3^5p - q + 3h UJ 2^ p - qh I ff
:

3^5p - q + 3h - 2^ p - qh

= 15p - 3q + 9 - 2p + 2q
= 15p - 2p - 3q + 2q + 9
= 13p - q + 9
vLJfhL 2.23
a2 - b2 - 3ab UJ a2 + b2 - 3ab I ff
:
il Kiw

iyFJ Kiw

a2 b2 3ab

^a2 - b2 - 3abh - ^a2 + b2 - 3abh

a2 + b2 3ab

= a2 - b2 - 3ab - a2 - b2 + 3ab

()

= - b2 - b2

()

(+)

2 b2

= - 2b2
vLJfhL 2.24

A = 5x2 + 7x + 8, B = 4x2 - 7x + 3 v , 2A - B I fhf.

:

2A = 2^5x2 + 7x + 8h
= 10x2 + 14x + 16

vdnt 2 A B = ^10x2 + 14x + 16h - ^4x2 - 7x + 3h

= 10x2 + 14x + 16 - 4x2 + 7x - 3

= 6x2 + 21x + 13

55

maha

ff:
(i) (a+b) UJ (ab) I ff
(ii) ( 2x + 8y) UJ
(5
(5x 3y) I ff

vLJfhL 2.25

6b2 I bgWtjF 14b2 UJ vij ff ntL?

14b2

6b2

()
8b2

vLJfhL 2.26
- a2 - b2 + 6ab I bgWtjF 3a2 - 4b2 + 5ab UJ vij ff
ntL?
:
3a2 - 4b2 + 5ab
- a2 - b2 + 6ab

(+)

(+)

()

4a2 - 3b2 - ab

g 2.3
1. rahd ilia njbjLf:
(i) 4x, - 8x kW 7x Mat TLj
(A) 5x
(ii) 2ab,

(B) 4x

(C) 3x

(D) 19x

(C) 2ab

(D) - 14ab

(C) 9ab

(D) 3ab

4ab, - 8ab TLj

(A) 14 ab

(B) - 2ab

(iii) 5ab + bc - 3ab

vgJ

(A) 2ab + bc

(B) 8ab + bc

(iv) 5y - 3y - 4y + y vgJ
2

(A) 9y + 4y

(B) 9y - 4y

(C) y + 2y

(D) y - 2y

(v) A = 3x + 2 , B = 6x - 5 v, A - B vgJ
(A) - 3x + 7

(B) 3x - 7

(C) 7x - 3
56

(D) 9 x + 7

afj

2. RUFf:

3. TLf :

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

6a - 3b + 7a + 5b
8l - 5l2 - 3l + l2
- z2 + 10z2 - 2z + 7z2 - 14z
p - ^ p - qh - q - ^q - ph
3mn - 3m2 + 4nm - 5n2 - 3m2 + 2n2
^4x2 - 5xy + 3y2h - ^3x2 - 2xy - 4y2h

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)

7ab, 8ab, - 10ab, - 3ab

s + t, 2s - t, - s + t
3a - 2b, 2p + 3q
2a + 5b + 7, 8a - 3b + 3, - 5a - 7b - 6
6x + 7y + 3, - 8x - y - 7, 4x - 4y + 2
6c - c2 + 3, - 3c - 9, c2 + 4c + 10
6m2n + 4mn 2n2 + 5, n2 nm2 + 3, mn 3n2 2m2n 4

4. ff :
(i) 14a UJ 6a I ff
2
(ii) 6a2 b UJ - a b I ff
(iii) - 4x2 y2 UJ 7x2 y2 I ff
(iv) xy + 12 UJ 3xy - 4 I ff
(v) n^5 - mh UJ m^n - 3h I ff
2
(vi) - 10p - 6p2 UJ 9p - 5p I ff
2
(vii) 5m2 - 9 UJ - 3m + 6m + 3 I ff
2
(viii) 6s - 10 UJ - s + 12s - 6 I ff
2
2
(ix) 6n2 - 4mn - 4m2 UJ 5m + 6mn - 3n I ff

5. (i) 4x2 + 6xy I bgWtjF 3x2 + xy + 3y2 cl vij Tl ntL?

(ii) - 5p + 8q + 20 bgWtjF 4p + 6q + 14 UJ vij ff ntL?

(iii) A = 8x - 3y + 9, B =- y - 9 kW

C = 4x - y - 9 v, A + B - C I fhf.

6. xU Knfhz _W gff 3a + 4b - 2,
v, mj Rws vd?

7. xU brtf gff 3x + 2 kW 5x + 4 v, mj Rwsit

fhf.

8. uh nkrilfhf %gh 4a+3 kW nehLjffhf %gh

8a - 5 bry brwh v, uLF bry br bkhj bjhif
vts?
57

a - 7 kW 2a - 4b + 3

maha

9. xU f s 10x - 3 mUJ gaghoF 3x + 5 s

btobaLfgLwJ v jKs f s vts?
10. A = p2 + 3p + 5 kW B = 2p2 - 5p - 7 v,

(i) 2A + 3B

11. P = m2 + 8m
fhf.

(ii) A- B
kW

fhf.

Q =- m2 + 3m - 2 v P - Q + 8 k

2.3 U khf bfhl va nfhit

brtfij g f midtU mJf mj gus l # b
MF. F 'l' kW 'b' khfshF. vfSfhd ehF mogil braf,
khfY gwgL. khfis gagL xU y TWfis nfhitfshf
khw eh Kangh.

bra
Tl

TW
x kW y TLj

afj nfhit
x+y

fj

a kW bFs ntWghL

a - b ^a > b vh (myJ)
b - a (b > a v)

bgUf

x kW y bgUfgy

x # y (myJ) xy

tFj

p I q th tFf

p
p ' q (myJ)
q

vjifa fj brafis, fj thaf gagLJtJ vgij
ff, kd itJ bfhs fl mltiz gagL.
Tl

fj

bgUf

tFj

TLj

ntWghL

bgUfgy

<

mfj
Tl
TLtjF
mfkhf

Fiwj
fj
fgjF
Fiwthf

bgUfgLj
klF

tFfgLj
j

vLJfhL 2.27

fltiw afj nfhitfshf vGJf.

1)

m kW n Mat TLgy UklF.

2)

a UklUJ b I Fiwj.
58

afj

3)

x kW y vw U vf tff TLj.

4)

p kW q bgUfgyiz 7 cl Tl.

5)

a kW b bgUf U klif 5 M tFj.

6)

x MdJ y _ U gif l mf.

7)

x vw v ghUJ 3 I Fiwj.

8)

m kW n vw vf TLj UJ mt
bgUf gyid Fiwj.

9)

y kW 6 TLj UJ x 4 klif ff.

10)

a _ xU gFl m TLj U klF.

11)

y I 5M tFJ x cl TLf.

1)

2^ m + nh

2) b - 2a

3)

x2 + y2

4) 7 + pq

5)

2ab
5
x -3
2
^ y + 6h - 4x
y
+x
5

6) 2 y + x

7)
9)
11)

3
8) (m + n) - mn

10) 2` 1 a + mj
3

fltiw afj nfhitfshf vGJf.

(i) a klF b.
(ii) a, b TLjiy 5 M bgUFf.
(iii) uL klF m I n M Fiwj.
(iv) ehF klF x I y M tFj.
(v) IJ klF p I 3 klF q M bgUFf.
g 2.4
1. rahd ilia njbjLf :
(i) 5 klF x, 3 klF y kW 7 TLj
(A) 5^ x + 3y + 7h

(B) 5x + 3y + 7

(C) 5x + 3^ y + 7h

(D) 5x + 3^7yh
59

maha

(ii) a kW b TLj gh

(A) 1 ^a + bh
(B) 1 a + b
(C) 1 ^a - bh
2
2
2
(iii) x kW y ntWgho 3 klF

(A) 3x - y

(B) 3 - x - y

(C) xy - 3

(D) 1 + a + b
2

(D) 3^ y - xh

(iv) y kW z bgUf UJ 2 Fiw

(A) 2 - yz

(C) yz - 2

(B) 2 + yz

(D) 2y - z

(v) 6 kW q bgUfYl p ghia Tl

p
6q

(A) + 6q
(B) p +

(C) 1 ^ p + 6qh
2
2
2

(D) 1 ^6p + qh

2. kh, kh kW vfj braghLfis

fltiw afj nfhitfshf vGJf :

(i) x kW uL klF y TLj.

(ii) y UJ z I ff.

(iii) x kW y bgUfYl 4 I TLf.

(iv) 3 klF x kW 4 klF y ntWghL.

(v) 10, x kW y TLj.

(vi) p kW q bgUfUJ 5 I ff.

(vii) 12UJ m kW n bgUfiy ff.

cgnahJ

(viii) a kW b TLjiy mj bgUf UJ ff.

(ix) c kW d bgUf 3 klFl v 6 I TLf.

(x) x kW y bgUf 4 klif 3 M tFf.

2.4 va nea rkghLf

xU iyia kyUF mt khkh mgghf
mjh. mj iy vilia mt mJ bfhs
Udh . mij ma juhR jil gagLdh.
mt vil 40. nkY iy vil,
cUisH vil nrjJ mt vil vd
fljh.

mjhtJ,
iy
TLj
vil
+
s

cUisH
vil
15 .

mltiz 2.1
60

rk
=

cUis
.

kh
.

ky
vil
40 .

u
fi
r .
5

afj
nkflt UJ s kig ma ngh.

15 I U wK f
.
.

.
.

jKsJ iy vilahF.

s + 15 = 40

s + 15 15 = 40 15

(mltiz 2.1 UJ)

(15 I UgfUJ vLJl)

s = 25

vdnt iy vil 25..

s + 15 = 40 vw TW xU rkghlhF. mjhtJ xU T U v
nfhitf rkkhf U mij rkghL vnwh.

rkgLj xU Fl vilia kw gfUJ dh, mnj ms
vilia kw gfUJ f ntL.

xU Fl vilia xU gf Todh mnj ms vilia kw
gfY Tl ntL.

ij nghynt UwK rk vil bfhl juhR nghwJ rk ghlhF.
rkgho rkFpL vnghJ l bgUF lwKs nfhit
k (LHS) tywKs nfhit k (RHS) rk vgij j rkFpL
czJwJ.

x + 7 = 15 vw rkghil fUJf

lw csJ x + 7
61

maha

2
tyw csJ 15

UwK 7 I ff

x + 7 - 7 = 15 - 7 (7 I ff lwKsJ x Mf FiwwJ)
(kh x jahf fgLwJ)

x = 8

n - 3 = 10 vw rkghil fUJf

lw n - 3

tyw 10

UwK 3 I nrf

n - 3 + 3 = 10 + 3

n = 13

(kh n jahf fgLwJ)

4m = 28 vw rkghil fUJf
UwK 4 M tFf
4m = 28

4
4

m=7

y
= 6 vw rkghil fUJf
2
UwK 2 M bgUFf
y
#2 = 6#2
2
y = 12

xU rkgho rkiy khwhUf, mrkgho xUw vj xU

viz TodhY (fjhY) kWwK mnj viz Tl (ff)

ntL.

nj ngh {akw vfsh UwK bgUf myJ tFf

rkghL rkiyUF. vdnt rkgho fhz, rkgho cs

khia

jahf

bjLf

vfj

braghLfis

ntosJ.

vLJfhL 2.28
f 3p + 4 = 25
:

3p + 4 - 4 = 25 - 4 (UwK 4 I ff)

3p = 21

3p
= 21
3
3
p=7

(UwK 3 M tFf)

62

nkbfhs

afj

vLJfhL 2.29
f 7m - 5 = 30
:

7m - 5 + 5 = 30 + 5 (UwK 5 I TLf)

7m = 35

7m = 35
(UwK 7 M tFf)
7
7

m=5

rkghoF fhQ bghGJ, xnu vzh bghJthf UwK
Tlnth myJ ffnth brnwh. nj ngh xU viz UwK
Tlnth myJ ffnth brahk eh viz lkhw brayh.

viz lkhw brtJ vgJ (xU gfUJ kbwhU gfF
vLJ brtJ) xnu viz UwK Tlnth myJ ffnth br
braY xnwahF. viz lkhw br bghGJ mj Fia khw
ntL. lkhwF y vLJfhLfis fhngh.

vLJfhL 2.30

f 2a - 12 = 14
:
UwK Tl
myJ ff

lkhWj

2a - 12 = 14

2a - 12 = 14

2a - 12 + 12 = 14 + 12
(UwK 12 M Tl)

lwKs ( 12) I tyw

lkhW

2a = 14 + 12 (lkhWif 12
vgJ +12 Mf khW)

2a = 26
2a = 26
2
2
(UwK 2 M tFj)
a = 13

2a = 26
2a = 26
2
2
a = 13

(Uw 2 M tFf)

vLJfhL 2.31
f 5x + 3 = 18
: +3 I lwUJ tywF lkhWf

5x = 18 - 3 (lkhWif +3, 3MF)

5x = 15

63

maha

5x = 15
5
5
x=3

(UwK 5 M tFf)

vLJfhL 2.32
f 2^ x + 4h = 12
: lw cs milfis f UwK 2 M tFf

2^ x + 4h 12
=
2
2
x+4 = 6

x = 6 - 4

x=2

(+4 I tyJwF lkhWbghGJ)

vLJfhL 2.33
f - 3^m - 2h = 18
: lw cs milfis f UwK ^- 3h M tFf

- 3^ m - 2h
= 18
-3
-3

m - 2 =- 6

m=6+2

m =- 4

(- 2 I tyJwF lkhWbghGJ)

vLJfhL 2.34
f (3x + 1 ) 7 = 12
:

(3x + 1) 7 = 12

3x + 1 7 = 12

3x 6 = 12

3x = 12 + 6

3x =
3

18
3

x = 6

vLJfhL 2.35
f 5x + 3 = 17 - 2x
64

afj
:

5x + 3 = 17 - 2x

5x + 2x = 17 - 3

(+ 3 I tyJwF, - 2x I lJwF lkhWbghGJ)

7x = 14

7x = 14
7
7
x=2

vLJfhL 2.36

mLjLJ tU _W KGf TLj 45. mj KGfis fhf.

: Kj KG x vf
&

ulhtJ v = x + 1
_whtJ v = x + 1 + 1 = x + 2
mj TLj = x + ^ x + 1h + ^ x + 2h = 45

3x + 3 = 45

3x = 42
x = 14
Mfnt m_W KGf, x = 14 , x + 1 = 15 kW x + 2 = 16 .

vLJfhL 2.37

X viz 60 cl TLbghGJ ilgJ 75. mj viz fhf.

: fLof ntoa v x vd bfhf.
rkghL,

60 + x = 75

x = 75 60

x = 15

vLJfhL 2.38
X vUJ 20 I ffilgJ 80. mj viz fhf.
: fLof ntoa v x vd bfhf.
rkghL,

x - 20 = 80

x = 80 + 20

x = 100
65

maha

vLJfhL 2.39

X v g xU gF 63. mj viz fhf.

: fLof ntoa v x vd bfhf.
rkghL,

1 ^ xh = 63
10
1 (x) # 10 = 63 # 10
10
x = 630

vLJfhL 2.40

X viz 4 M tFJ mjDl 6 I Tl ilgJ 10.
viz fhf.

mj

: fLof ntoa v x vd bfhf.

x + 6 = 10
4

rkghL,

x = 10 - 6
4

x =4
4

x #4 = 4#4
4
` x = 16.

vLJfhL 2.41

bjw taJ, nut taijl 3 Fiw. bjw taJ 18 v,
nut taJ vd?
: nut taJ x vf
& bjw taJ = x - 3
bjw taJ 18 tUlf vd bfhLfgLsJ.

&

x - 3 = 18

x = 18 + 3

x = 21

Mjyh nut ta 21 tUlfshF.

66

afj

g 2.5

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

(i) p + 3 = 9 v, p vgJ

(A) 12
(B) 6
(ii) 12 x = 8 v, x vgJ

(A) 4
(B) 20
q
(iii)
= 7 v, q vgJ
6

(A) 13
(B) 1
42
(iv) 7(x9) = 35 v, x vgJ

(C) 3

(D) 27

(C) - 4

(D) - 20

(C) 42

(D) 7
6

(A) 5
(B) - 4
(C) 14
(v) X v _W klF 60 v, mj v

(A) 63
(B) 57
(C) 180

(i) x - 5 = 7

(iv) b - 3 =- 5

(iv) 51 = 17a

(vii) 7x = 42

(iii) 4 + y =- 2

(v) - x = 5

(vi) - x =- 7
(ix) 7 m = 4

(viii) 14 n = 10

(ii) 3l = 42

(iii) 36 = 9x

(v) 5x = 45

(vi) 5t = 20

(viii) 10m = 30

(ix) 2x = 1

(x) 3x = 18

4. f :

(ii) a + 3 = 10

(x) 20 y = 7

3. f :

(i) 2x = 100

(D) 20

2. f :

(vii) 3 - x = 8

(D) 37

(i) 1 x = 7
2
p
(iv)
= 8
-7

5. f :

(i) 3x + 1 = 10
(iv) 4a - 5 =- 41
y+3
(vii)
= 14
5
(x) 11m = 42 + 4m
(xiii) 3x - 14 = x - 8

(ii) a = 5
6

(iii) n = 8
3

(v) - x = 2
5

(vi) - m =- 4
3

(ii) 11 + 2x =- 19

(iii) 4z - 3 = 17
(vi) - 4^2 - xh = 12

(v) 3^ x + 2h = 15
(viii) x + 5 = 7
(ix) 6y = 21 - y
3
(xi) - 3x =- 5x + 22 (xii) 6m - 1 = 2m + 1
(xiv) 5x - 2x + 7 = x + 1 (xv) 5t - 3 = 3t - 5
67

maha

6. U vf Tl gy 33. X v 18 v, kbwhU viz

fhf.
7.
8.
9.
10.

X vQl 12 I Tl ilgJ 25. mj viz fhf.

X vUJ 60 I fjh 48 ilF. mj viz fhf.
X v 5 klF 60 v, mj v vd?
x v 3 klFUJ 6 I fjh 18 ilF mj viz
fhf.

11. mLjLJ tU U vf TLj 75 v mj vf ahit?

12. uh jij mtl 70 %gh bfhLjh. bghGJ mtl 130 %gh
UwJ mgoahdh Kj mtl vts %gh UjJ?
13. 8 tUlfSF K v taJ 27. bghGJ v taJ vd?
f:

(i) y + 18 =- 70

(ii) - 300 + x = 100

(iii) t - 5 =- 6

(iv) 2x + 9 = 19

3
(v) 3x + 4 = 2x + 11

thf isahlyh
VjhtJ xU viz idJ bfhSf vW uh j egfshd
mU, ruah, u Mnahfl Tdh. idj vQl 50 I To
ilF ilia U klfhFkhW Tdh. wF mtfis ghJ
filah ilj ill 48 I To 2 M tFJ tU ilUJ
idj viz fFkhW Tdh. cf midtUF filahf
ilj v 74 jhnd vW uh Tw midtUF Mra.
mU idj v 16, ruah idj v 20, u idj v 7
tiw rghfyhnk!

xU viz id bfhf

50 I TLf

x+50

uL klfhf MFf

2x + 100

48 I TLf

2x + 148

2 M tFf

x + 74

idj viz ff

74

68

mU

ruah

16

20

afj

id bfhf!

1. afj, fj xU gF MF. fj braghLf, vf kW

My vGJfis cslajhf gF csJ.

2. ntWgl v kfis vLJ bfhsToa xU msoF xU kh myJ

cU vdgL.

3. iyahd v kig bgwToa xU msL kh vdgL.

4. khfis, vfis fj braghLf _ykhf nrJ vGjgL

nfhit afj nfhitahF.

5. gy cWfsh cUthdJ nfhitf vdgL.

6. xj mLFfis bfhl xj kh myJ khf bgUf xj cWf

vdgL. btntW mLFfis bfhl btntW khf myJ khf
bgUf khWgl cWf vdgL.

7. xU khah Md xU nfhit go vgJ mj kh f caj mLF

MF. xWF nkgl khfsh Md xU nfhitgo vgJ, khfSila
mLFf caj TLj MF.

8. rk jiks U nfhitfis bfhl xU TW rkghL vW

miHfgL.

9. xU rkgho tyJgfij, lJgfij lkhw brtjh mj

k khwhJ.

10. kh vj k rkghil iw brwnjh, mj kig mrkgho

vwiHfgLwJ.

69

maha

tha fj
3.1 mKf
eh eKila mwhl ntiyf - e L rika, il myfj,
e mwhl tu bryfis fzLj Mat eik mahknyna
fj bfhiffis gagLJnwh. j bfhifis kf gy
flf, gy ehLf gy Mu fzfhd tUlfshf gy ehLf,
gagL tUwhf. f brid flfiu glif brYdhY
(m) Co il fodhY, fzif gagLna brafis brJ
Kof.
fzF vgo ts bghJthf Uf Ko? Kj, kjf
fz nfhghLfis maiy, mij UgUnj cUthf
brjhf. fz bkh Mynkh (m) b#kndh (m) ua bkhnah
ilahJ, fzbkh vf MF. eh vf bkh if
njjtfshf Ujh, mJ Kakhd Kofis vLg cjtJ
kL e mwhl gfY cjwJ. eh rhjdkhf bghUfis
thFtjF, xU Fl bjhifF il gLJtjF, kfbjhif
mfig J bfhtjF, rahf nrgjf fzF cjwJ.
eh e eilKiw thif gagLj Toa fz mogil
bfhiffis ffyh.

3.2 ghit - j, jrk

j kW jrk tiuaiwfis cikfis id TJ
fl nfhol lfis cj bgoia gagL uf:

1. xnu tifahd U msfis tFj _y xLtJ __________

MF .
2. xl Toa U msfis j ________ vg.
3.

j Kj cWig _________
_______ vW Flyh.

4.

xnu __________ cila U msfis j xlyh.

vW, ulh cWig

5. jYs cWf bghJ fhufis

mtYs _____ RUfyh.

bfhoUjh

6. j U cWfis xnu vzh bgUdhnyh (m)

tFjhnyh ( {aij ju) j _________ UF. mthW
ilF jfis _________ vd Twyh
70

tha fj

7. j, cWf tir f KakhdJ. (rah/jtwh)

8. j vgJ vfsh MdJ. vdnt mjF myFf njitiy.

(rah/jtwh)

9. jf rkjikia __________. vd Twyh. a, b; c, d

Mait jrk UFkhdh, mtiw a: b: : c: d vd vGjyh.

10. jrk <bwf bgUFbjhif =___________

cj bgo:

1) j

2) cWf

3) KDW, DW

4) myF

5) bghJ fhuf 6) khwhk, rkhdkhd jf

7) r

8) r

9) jrk

10) il vf bgUFbjhif
vLJfhL 3.1
2:7 vw jF 5 rkhdkhd jfis fhf.
:
2 vd vGjyh. 2 vw d bjhFia,
7
7
gFia 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 M bgUf,

2 : 7 vgij

2 # 2 = 4 , 2 # 3 = 6 , 2 # 4 = 8
7#2
21 7 # 4 28
14 7 # 3
2 # 5 = 10 , 2 # 6 = 12

7#5
7#6
35
42

4 : 14, 6 : 21, 8 : 28, 10 : 35, 12 : 42 vgit 2 : 7 rkhd jfshF.

vLJfhL 3.2
270 : 378I RUFf.
:

270:378 = 270

378
bjhFia, gFia 2 M tFf,

khWKiw :
270,378 I fhugLj,

270 ' 2 = 135

270 = 2 # 3 # 3 # 3 # 5
378 ' 2
189
378
2#3#3#3#7
3 M tFf
5
=
135 ' 3 = 45


7
189 ' 3
63
9 M tFf
71

maha

45 ' 9 = 5
63 ' 9
7
270 : 378 vgJ 5 : 7 vd MwJ.

vLJfhL 3.3
9 khjF, 1tUlF ilnaahd jij fhf.
j xnu tifahd U
msfis kLnk xl
Ko vgjh tUlij
khjF khw ntL.

1 tUl

12 khjf

9 khjF 12 khjF
ilnaahd j = 9 : 12

9 : 12 vgjid 9 vd vGjyh.

= 9'3 = 3
12 ' 3
4

= 3:4

12

vLJfhL 3.4
60 khztf bfhl xU tF, khzt, khzfSF ilnaahd
j 2:1 v, mtF khzt, khzf vif ahJ?
:

bkhj khztf = 60

khzt, khzfSilnaahd cs j =

2:1

bkhj gF = 2 + 1 = 3

2
khztf vif = 60 3 gF
= 2 # 60 = 40
3
khztf vif = 40
khzf vif = bkhj khztf - khztf vif

= 60 - 40
= 20 [myJ]
khzf vif = 20

khzf vif

= 60 1 gF

= 20

vLJfhL 3.5
24 sKs xU g 3 : 2 : 7 vw j 3 JLfshf
btlgLwJ v, xbthU Jo s vd?
:

g s =
72

24

tha fj

_W JLf jf =

bkhj gFf =

3:2:7
3 + 2 + 7 = 12

3 # 24 = 6
12

ulh Jo s = 2 # 24 = 4
12

_wh Jo s = 7 # 24 = 14
12
g _W JLf sf 6 , 4 , 14 MF.
Kj Jo s =

vLJfhL 3.6
xU tF cs khzt khzf j 4 : 5 khztf
vif 20 v, khzf vif vd?

khzt, khzf j = 4 : 5

khztf vif = 20

khzf vif x vf
khzt, khzf vif j 20 : x

4 : 5, 20 : x uL khzt, khzfisna FwJ

vdnt 4 : 5 :: 20 : x

<bwf bgUFbjhif =

il vf bgUFbjhif

4#x
5 # 20

j rk, <bwf bgUFbjhif = il vf

bgUFbjhif

4 # x = 5 # 20
x = 5 # 20 = 25
4

khzf vif = 25
vLJfhL 3.7
A : B = 4 : 6, B : C = 18 : 5, v, A : B : C jij fhf.
73

maha

:
A:B= 4 :6

B : C = 18 : 5

_W jfis xl,
Kj j ulhtJ
cWig (f cW),
ulh j Kj
cWig (Kf cW)
rkkhf ntL.

6, 18 ..k = 18

A : B = 12 : 18
B : C = 18 : 5

A : B : C =12 : 18 : 5

bjJ bfhf

jfj: jf j vgJ xU w vzhF. mj

njhuha k 1.6180339887498948482gMF. jid ig ( U ) vw nuf
vGjh FLnwh. jf j l bgW jrk vf RH
jrk vfsh Mdjy.

jf brtf: brtf s, mfy
msf jf jf j mikUjh,
mbrtfij jf brtf vW Twyh.jf
brtf xU gf 2 mo v mj kbwhU
gf ( njhuhakhf) = 2 (1.62) = 3.24 mo MF.

jf JL : xU nfhL Jil
U

ghffshf

JLf

nghJ,

jfj

U
v

AB = BC v, mJ jf JL MF.
BC
AC
jfj gaghL

74

tha fj

nahJgh!

1. 1UJ 9 tiuahd vfis gagL jrk gytiw

vGJf. j rk xbthU vQ xU Kiw kLnk l

bgwntL. j rkij mikF vf Xyf vfshf
Uf ntL.

vLJfhL: 1 = 3
2
6

2. fy cnyhf, JjehfK, br 4 : 9 vw j
csd. j fy cnyhf vj cnyhf mf csJ?

3. xU btfy iy, br, jfu, <a Ma cnyhfjh

bragLsJ. mJ 1 gF jfuK, 1 gF <aK, jKs
10
4
gF brghY MdjhF. btfyiy br gF
vd?

3.2 khw

kufis
btLj

is

thfd mf
gagLJj

is

btg
ms mfF

khR
mfF

nkfl TWf vij bjwd? it y khwfis

czJwd.

ewhf gojh
mf rhlh

mf kbg bgwyh.
cl gUkdhF
tF Tr FHgkhF

tF cuf ngdh

nkfl TWfUJ, xU fhu khw VgL bghGJ,

mjndhL bjhlila fhuY khw VgL vgJ bjthwJ. j
khwij eh khw vnwh.
75

maha

fltiw bghUJf:

mf ngdhf thdh?

Maf vif mfkhF

khztf vifmfkhdh?

bry mfkhF

Fiwj bjhiy gajh?

ig vil Fiw

jff vif Fiwjh?

neu Fiw

nkflit xiwbahW rhJ, ms kL khwkilwJ.

UJ, xU bghU ms mfF nghJ (-) mjndhL
bjhlila kbwhU bghU ms mfF (-) . xU bghU ms
Fiw nghJ (.) mjndhL bjhlila kbwhU bghU ms Fiw
(.) vgij mnwh.
nghGJ fl mltizfis ftf:
xU ngdh iy(`)

10 ngdhf iy (`)

10 # 5 = 50

20

10 # 20 = 200

30

10 # 30 = 300

ngdhf vif mfF nghJ mt bkhj iy

mjF jFjthW mfF.
5 rilf iy (`)

xU ril iy (`)

3000

3000 = 600
5

1000

1000 = 200
5

rilf vif Fiw bghGJ, mt iy mjF

jFjthW Fiw.
76

tha fj
vdnt, xU bghU ms mfF ( ) [Fiw ( )] bghGJ kbwhU
bghU ms xnu j mfjh ( ) [Fiwjh ( )] mit uL
ne j khWwJ vdyh.
nkY y vLJfhLfis ghngh:

i) kG ntfij mfF bghGJ, brwila ntoa lfhd

neu mfFkh (m) Fiwkh?
ii) xU L khztf vif FiwbghGJ, mtfSF
tHfgl rika bghUf cgnahf mf ehfSF tUkh (m)
Fiwkh?
kG ntf mfF nghJ brwila ntoa lfhd
neu Fiw vgJ eh mjnj.
mijnghy, L cs khztf vif FiwbghGJ,
rika bghUf mfkhd ehfSF tU vgJ cik.
vdnt, xU bghU ms mfF ( ) [Fiw ( )] bghGJ mjndhL
bjhlila kbwhU bghU ms Fiw ( ) [mfF ( )] v mit
uL vkhw vnwh.
flit nekhwyh myJ vkhwyh vd
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

fhf.
bgf vif mt iyfS.
fgf cauK, bfhLfgl neu
mt Hf sfS.
xU Fl uij flf ntfK
vLJbfhS neuK
tlf MufS mt gugsfS
bjhyhsf vif bfhLfgl
ntiyia Kogjfhd ehfS.
xU Kfh cs gil uf vif
thuhu bryfS
mrY to
xU jf tf vif gff
vif

nH bfhLfgLs mltizia ftf:

ngdhf
x
vif
ngdhf iy (`) y

10

20

100

200

350

500

1000

x mfF ( ) bghGJ y mfF ( ) vgij mnwh.

77

maha

ngdhf
jij fhf.

vifF

mt

iyF

ilnaahd

ngdhf vif = x = 2 , 4 , 7 , 10 , 20 MF.

ngdhf iy
y
100 200 350 500 1000

j = 1 = kh
50
ngdhf vifF ngdhf iyF ilnaahd
j xU kh.

x = iyj kh
y

U bghUf nekhw U, mt jf vbghGJ

khahfnt UF.
bghGJ, bfhLfgLs vLJfhil ftf:
vLJbfhl neu (k)

x1 = 2

x2 = 10

gaz u (..)

y1 = 10

y2 = 50

UJ, gaz neu mfF ( ) bghGJ gaj uK mfF

( ) vgij mJ bfhsyh.
x

X = 1 = 2 = 1
x2
10
5
y1

Y=
= 10 = 1
y2
50
5

X = Y = 1

5
nekhw, xU msthdJ xU Fl j khW bghGJ
kbwhU msthdJ mnj j khwkilwJ vgij nkfl vLJ
fhoUJ bjJ bfhsyh.
nH bfhLfgLs khf bjhlig mJ bfhL a kW b I
fL of.
vLJbfhl neu (k)

10

12

gaz u (..)

120

300

480

600

F vLJbfhl neuF gaz uF cs jij

fhngh.
vLJ bfhl neu
= 2 = 5 = 10 = 8 = 1 = kh
gaz u
120
300
600
480
60

(i.e.) x = 1 .

y
60
bghGJ a it fL ongh

1 =6
60
a
78

tha fj

1 6 = 6

60 6 = 360

a = 360

1 = 12
60
b

1 12 = 12

60 12 = 720

b = 720
nH bfhLfgLs mltizia fhf :
x
y

ntf (.. k-1)

vLJbfhl neu (k)

120
4

80
6

60
8

48
10

40
12

F x Fiw (.) bghGJ y mfgij (-) fhzyh

xy

xy

= 120 # 4 = 480
= 80 # 6 = 60 # 8 = 48 # 10 = 40 # 12 = 480
= kh

U msf v khw U, mt bgUfgy kh MF.

fl vLJfhil ftf.
fl vLJfhil ftf:
ntf (.. k-1)

x1 = 120

x2 = 60

vLJ bfhl neu (k)

y1 = 4

y2 = 8

ntf mfF ( )bghGJ, gaz neu Fiw ( ).

x1
= 120 = 2
x2
60
y1

Y=
= 4 = 1 1/Y =2
y2
8
2

X= 1
Y
Mjyh, vkhw bfhLfgl msthdJ xU j khW
bghGJ, kbwhU msthdJ mjF jiy j khW.
bghGJ khf bjhlig mJ, a kW b I fhf :

X=

Mf
vif
ehf
vif

15

60

12

20

79

maha

xy = 15 # 4 = 5 # 12 = 60
xy = 60 = kh
xy kh vgij mnwh.

6a

60

6 10

60

a
xy
b 20
3 20

=
=
=
=

10
60
60
60

1. x kW y nekhw U, fltiw uf:

(i)
1
3
9
15
x
(ii)

x
y

10

2
6

16

5
18

21

2. x kW y vkhw U, fltiw uf:

(i)
20
10
40
50
x
y

(ii)

50

x
y

200
10

250
8
50

16

vLJfhL 3.8
16 bgf iy ` 48 v, 4 bgf iyia fhf.
:
4 bgf iyia a vd bfhnth.

bgf vif

iy (`)

x
16
4

y
48
a

bgf vif Fiwjh ( ), mj iy Fiw ( ).

vdnt j U ms ne khw csd.
nekhw, x = kh vgJ eh mjnj
y
16 = 4
48
a
80

tha fj

16 # a = 48 # 4

a = 48 # 4 = 12
16

ehF bgf iy = ` 12

khWKiw:

4 bgf iyia a vd bfhnth .

bgf vif

iy(`)

16

48

bgf vif Fiw ( ) bghGJ, mj iy FiwwJ

( ). vdnt J nekhw.
16 = 48
4
a
16 # a = 4 # 48

a = 4 # 48 = 12
16
4 bgf iy = ` 12.

vLJfhL 3.9
xU kGJ 360 nyh l uij 4 k neu flwJ.
mnj ntf kGJ brY bghGJ, 6 k 30 lf vts
uij flF .

:
1

6 2 k neu flj uij a vW FLnth.

neu (k)

gaj neu (..)

360

6 1

gazneu mfjh ( ),

30 lf = 30 k
60
1

=
k
2
6 k 30 lf
1
= 6 2 k

gaj uK mfF ( ). vdnt J nekhw .

nekhw, x = kh
y
81

maha

4 = 61 2
360
a

4 # a = 360 # 6 1
2
13

4 # a = 360 #
2
360
13
#

= 585
a=
4#2
6 1 k neu gaj u = 585 ..
2

khWKiw:
6 1 k neu gaj uij a vW FLnth
2

neu (k)

gaj neu (..)

360

61
2

gazneu mfjh ( ), gaj uK mfF ( ). vdnt J

nekhw.
4 = 360
61 2
a
4 # a = 360 # 6 1 2

6 12

4 # a = 360 # 13
2
360
13
= 585
a=
#
4
2
k neu gaj u = 585..

vLJfhL 3.10
7 Mf xU ntiyia 52 ehf brJ Kowd. mnj ntiyia13
Mf vjid ehf brJ Koghf?
:
fLof ntoa ehf vifia a vW FLnth .

Mf vif

x

7

13

ehf vif
y
52
a

Mf vif mfF ( ) bghGJ, ehf vif

Fiw( ). vdnt J vkhw.
vkhw, xy = kh
82

tha fj

7 # 52 = 13 # a

13 # a = 7 # 52

a = 7 # 52 = 28
13
vdnt, 13 Mf j ntiyia 28 ehf Koghf.

khWKiw:

fLof ntoa ehf vifia a vW FLnth .

Mf vif
ehf vif

7

52
13
a
Mf vif mfF ( ) bghGJ, ehf vif

Fiw( ). vdnt J vkhw.

7 = a
13
52

7 # 52 = 13 # a

13 # a = 7 # 52

a = 7 # 52 = 28
13
vdnt, 13 Mf j ntiyia 28 ehf Koghf.

vLJfhL 3.11
xbthU gfY 35 tfis bfhl jf bkhj gff

120. mnj br xbthU gfY 24 tfshf Ujh, jf bkhj

gff vtsthf UF?

fLof ntoa gff vifia a

vW

FLnth .
xbthU gfY cs
tf vif

35

120

24

bkhj gff vif

xU gf, tf vif Fiw ( ) bghGJ, jf

gff vif mfwJ ( ). vdnt J vkhw.

83

maha

35 = a
24
120
35 # 120 = a # 24

a # 24 = 35 # 120
a = 35 # 120
24
a = 35 # 5 = 175

xU gf 24 tf UF bghGJ, jf bkhj gff

vif= 175

g 3.1

1. rahd ilia njbjLf :

i) 8 nyh m iy ` 160 v, 18 nyh m iy

(A) ` 480

(A) ` 75

(B) ` 25

(D) ` 1280

(C) ` 35

(D) ` 50

iii) xU u to 195nyhl uij 3 k neu flwJ.

mnj ntf, mj u to 5 k neu flF u
(A) 195 . .

(B) 325 . .

(C) 390. . (D) 975 . .

iv) 8 Mf xU ntiyia24 ehf brJ Kojhf v, mnj ntiyia

24 Mf brJ Kof vLJbfhS ehf vif

(A) 8 ehf

(C) ` 360

ii) 7 khgHf iy ` 35 v, 15 khgHf iy

(B) ` 180

(B) 16 ehf

(C) 12 ehf

(D) 24 ehf

v) 18 Mf xU ntiyia 20 eh brJ Kojhf v, mnj ntiyia

24Mf brJ Kof vLJbfhS ehf vif
(A) 20 ehf

(B) 22 ehf

(C) 21 ehf

(D) 15 ehf

2. 300 egf fyJ bfhS fahz UF 60 nyh fhff

njitgLwJ. 500 eg mj UF tUthf v, vts
fhff njitgL?

3. 1500 khztf bfhl gF 90 Maf njitgLwhf.2000

khztf bfhl gF vjid Maf njit?

4. xU kGJ 45 lf 60 . flwJ. mnj ntf brY

bghGJ, xU k neu mJ vts u flF?

5. xU eg 96 r. gugsit 8 ehf btis mojh. 18 ehf

vts gugsit btis mof Ko?
84

tha fj

6. 7 bgof vil 36.4 . v, mnj msthd 5 bgof vil

vtsthf UF?

7. 60 . ntf brY xU kJ xU Fl uij 5 k

neu flwJ. mnj uij 40 . ntf brwh, vts
neu flF?

8. xU ntiyia 150 Mf 12 ehf KoJLthf. 120 Mf

mnj ntiyia vjid ehf Koghf?

9. 276 uf cs xU glhs 20 ehfSF njitahd rika

bghUf csJ. mj bghUf 46 ehfSF of ntLbk
vjid uf j glhsij L bry ntL ?

10. xU jf 70

gff csd. xU gf 30 tf

mlgLwJ. Mdh mnj bria xU gf 20 tf vW

mlh, mj jf vjid gff UF?

11. xU uhQt Kfh 800 uf Uwhf. mtfSF 60 ehfSF

nghJkhd kif rhkhf csd. mj KfhF nkY 400 uf
tJ nrjhf v, vjid ehfSF mj kif rhkhf
nghJkhdjhf UF?

f
fh
f
xU Mij j Toid xU eho fodh, 200 Mijf
oi

nt

jf Toid vts neu fL?

Mijf jf Toid fLtiy. mJ w gwitf

foa To myJ kubgh jF.

nH cs dhfis gof. f Jtiu goj gy Kiwfis

nahJ midJ KiwfY tiw brf.

1. xU rfu 3 dhof 48 Kiw RHwJ. 30 ehof mrfu

vjij Kiw RHY?
2. Hgl fiyP 5 lf 100 Hufis cUthFwh. mt
1200 Hufis cUthf vjid lf njitgL?
3. uL FGf 36 isahL uf csd. 5 FGf vjid
isahL uf Ughf?

85

maha

3.3 rjj
KGfh rilf
kW nk
MilfSfhd
jSgo

fil cs sgu gyiff UF 25%, 20% UJ vd

mf?
uhK Mwh tF, fz vj iy Ujh vgij ma
uhK jhah mtUila kL milia ghwhf .
tF & : 6 - m

bga: uhK. nf

ghlf

mtUila kL

myF
nj 1

gUt
nj 1

17

36

fhyhL
nj

miu
ML
nj

myF
nj 2

gUt
nj 2

mfgr
kbg

mil bfhLfgLs

My

fzF kbgfshtJ

2M bkh ghl

17 / 25 , 36 / 50 , 75 / 100 ,

fzF

80 / 100 , 22 / 25, 45 / 50

75

80

22

45

ma
rKf ma
Ma
ifbahg
jiyik Ma
ifbahg
bgnwh
ifbahg

uhK jhahuh kL milia ghjl uhK wj

kbg kW Fiwj kbgiz bjJ bfhs ayiy. Mjyh,

bfhLfgl midJ kbgiz mt bkhj kbg 100 Mf
khWwh. 100I gFahf cila rkhd dfshf khWwh.
myF
nj
1

khj
nj 1

fhyhL
nj

miuahL
nj

68
100

72
100

75
100

80
100

86

myF
nj
2
88
100

khj
nj
2
90
100

tha fj
bghGJ, mtUila
khwgLsJ.

kbgf

midJ

kbgfSF

Mjyh, mt uhK kbgfis xL Mwh tF uhK

fz gogoahf Knd csh vgij mJ kjh.

j w dij g mnth.

j thJ jDila thJ Fol brwila cjf.

mJ brwila xiw l mfkhd ghij csjh?

Jtf

Ko

iy, xnu xU ghij ghij jh csJ.

bkhj a rJuf vif
Hl rJuf vif

= 100

= 41
Hlhj rJuf vif
= 59
ghijia flF rJuf vif = ____

bghGJ, fhQ mltizia ghUf

j

rjj

Hl gF

100 41
gF

41 : 100

41
100

41%

HlhjgF

100 59
gF

59 : 100

59
100

59%

ghijia
flF gF

100
_____ gF

____ : 100

87

100

_____ %

maha

100 I gFahf bfhl d rjj vdgL

rjjij% vw FpL bfhL Ffyh.

x : y vw vj xU jY, y = 100 v mij rjj vdyh

rjjij gy tifahf Ff:
rjjij gl
tahf FLj

HlgFia tUkhW Flyh :

5 : 100

17 : 100

43 : 100

5
100

17
100

43
100

rjj

5%

17%

43%

g 3.2

1) nH bfhLfgLsij rjjkhf vGJf:

(i) 20: 100 (ii) 93

(iii)11 I 100 M tFf (iv) 1
100
100
2) nH bfhLfgLsij jkhf vGJf:
(i) 43%

(ii) 75%

(iii) 5%

(iv) 17 1 2 %

(v) 100
100

(v) 33 1 3 %

3) nH bfhLfgLsij dkhf vGJf:

(i) 25%

(ii) 12 1 2 %

(iii) 33%

(iv) 70%

(v) 82%

f!

fil 1 25% jSgo bfhLjh, gid iy rjjij fhf.

fil 2 bfhLfgLs jSgo rjjij fhf.
vj fil Fiwj iy wJ?

88

tha fj

I. d kW jrk vfis rjjkhf khWj

5 = 5%, 1.2 = 1.2%, 175 = 175% vgd eh mjnj.
100
100
100
5 vgij rjjkhf khw:
10
5
10 vw dij rjjkhf flthW khwyh:
50
5
100
10

gFia100Mf khw, bjhFia, gFia 10 M bgUf

5 # 10 = 50 = 50%
10 # 10
100
mjid tUkhW Tl brayh 5 I 100% M bgUf
10
5
` 10 # 100j % = 50%

tl 50%
HlgLsJ

tl 25%
HlgLsJ

tl (i) 50%, (ii) 25% gFia ntW jkhf Hl

Ka bra.
cfSF bjkh?
1 I l Fiwj viz100I l bga viz
rjjkhf Ff aY
120%

1%
2

89

maha

(i) gFia 100 Mf khw aY df

vLJfhL 3.12
3 I rjjkhf khWf
5

:
5 I 20M bgUf 100 ilF
3 # 20 = 60 = 60%
5 # 20
100
3 = 60%
5

1) 2 ____

= 100

2) 5 20

= ____

3) 4 25

= ____

4) 10 _____ = 100
5) 1 _____ = 100

vLJfhL 3.13
6 1 I rjjkhf khWf
4

:
6 1 = 25
4
4

4I 25 M bgUf 100 ilF

25 # 25 = 625 = 625%
4 # 25
100

(ii) gFia 100Mf khw ayhj df

vLJfhL 3.14
4 I rjjkhf khWf
7
: 100% M bgUf
4
400
` 7 # 100j % = 7 %
= 57 1 % = 57.14%
7
vLJfhL 3.15
1 I rjjkhf khWf
3
: 100% M bgUf
1
100
` 3 # 100j % = ` 3 j %
= 33 1 3 %(or) 33.33%

vLJfhL 3.16
250 khztf cs xU g, 55 khztf Tilgij,
75 khztf fhgij, 63 khztf vgij j cstf
bfil Uwd v,
90

tha fj

(m) Tilgij (M) vgij

U khztf rjj vd?

:
bkhj khztf vif = 250
(m) Tilgij U khztf vif = 55
250- 55 ng Tilgij Uwd vgjid
Flyh.

55
250

vd

Tilgij U khztf rjj = ` 55 # 100j %

250
= 22%

(M) vgij U khztf vif = 63

250- 63 ng vgij Uwd vgjid 63 vd Flyh.

250
vgij U khztf rjj

= ` 63 # 100j %

250

= 126 % = 25.2%
5
Tilgij U khztf = 22%

vgij U khztf = 25.2%

(iii) jrk vfis rjjkhf khWj

vLJfhL 3.17
0.07 I rjjkhf khWf
:

100% M bgUf

(0.07 # 100) % = 7%

khWKiw:

0.07 = 7 = 7%
100

vLJfhL 3.18
0.567 I rjjkhf khWf

100% M bgUf

(0.567 # 100)% = 56.7%

khWKiw: 0.567 = 567 =

567
1000
10 # 100
= 56.7 = 56.7%
100
91

maha

F: xU dij (myJ) xU jrk viz rjjkhf khWtjF

100% M bgUf ntL.

f!

1. cl cs uj 9 gF csJ v, mw uj
10
rjj vd?

2. cl vil 2 gF jirahyhdJ v, cl cs jir
5
rjj vd?
cl vil 2 gF csJ. jir vil kW vil
3
Mat TLj100%I l mfkhfnth (m) Fiwthfnth
UFkh? mgoahdh jiria g vd Tw aY ?

g 3.3

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

(i) 6.25 =
(A) 62.5%

(B) 6250%

(C) 625%

(D) 6.25%

(B) 0.3%

(C) 0.03%

(D) 0.0003%

(ii) 0.0003 =
(A) 3%

(iii)

5 =
20

(B) 1 %
(C) 0.25%
4
(iv) xU k 20 lf rjj

(A) 25%

(A) 33 1 3

(B) 33

(C) 33 2 3

(B) 1
(C) 50
2

2. fhQ dfis rjjkhf khWf
i) 20
ii) 9
iii) 5 1
iv) 2
4
20
50
3
(A) 500

(D) 20
v) 5
11

3. fhQ jrk vfis rjjkhf khWf

i) 0.36

(D) it vJ iy

(v) xU %gh 50 igrh rjj.

(D) 5%

ii) 0.03

iii) 0.071

iv) 3.05

v) 0.75

4. xU Fl eh, 35 khztf cs xU tF7khztf tUif

juiy v, tUif juhj khztf rjjij fhf.

5. uh tha 36 khgHf, 5khgHf mGld v, mGa

khgHf rjjij fhf.
92

tha fj

6. 50 ng bfhl xU tF, 23 ng khzf, kwtf khztf

v, khzt, khzf rjjfis fhf.

7. u, fj 75F 66 kbgfS ma 80F 72 bgWsh

v, vj ghl mf kbg bgWsh?

8. ah khj tUkhd %. 12,000.

mt nrF bjhif %. 1,200.

mt nr, bry Mat rjjij fhf.

II. rjjij dkhfnth (myJ) jrk vzhfnth khWj

i) rjj vgJ 100 I gFahf bfhl d. d FF bghGJ,
RUa to vGj ntL.
vLJfhL 3.19
12% I dkhf khWf.
:

12% =

12 (RUa toF khWf)

100
3
25

vLJfhL 3.20

va dfis
cila rjjf

233 1 3 % I dkhf khWf.

50% = 1

2
1

25% =
4
1
1

33 % =
3
3
nkny FlgLsJ
ngh ntW y dfis
vGJf.

233 1 3 % = 700 %
3
700 = 7
=
3 # 100
3
= 2 13
vLJfhL 3.21
1 % I dkhf khWf
4

1%=
1
= 1
4
4 # 100
400
(ii) rjj vgJ 100 I gFahf bfhl d. j dij jrk
vzhf khw, bjhF cs v jrk ia uL vfSF
lJ wkhf itf ntL.

vLJfhL 3.22
15% I jrk vzhf khWf.
93

maha

15% = 15 = 0.15
100

vLJfhL 3.23
25.7% I jrk vzhf khWf.
:

25.7%

25.7
100

= 0.257

fj isahL - (_W Lfis nrj)

j isahil 2 myJ 3 ng isahlyh.
xbthU rjjF <lhd rkhd jij jrk viz nH
bfhLfgLsJ ngh jj Lf vGj.

5%

1 : 20

0.05

33 1 %
3

1:3

0.33

48 Lfis bfhl xU bjhFig cUthf. (16 fLf bfhl 48
Lf) m xbthU _W LfS, rjj, j kW jrkv to
xnu kig bfhoUF.
il FY midtUF rkkhd Lfis nghl.
mt xnu kig mF (rjj, j, jrkv cs) Lfis
flJ nk nehUFkhW nkir itf.
jKs Lfis bfhL isahil L bjhlf.
MLgtUF lwKstlUJ xU il bgw. xnu ks _W
Lf iljh mij nkil nk neh itf. xnu ks _W
Lfis cUthfiy v mij mgona itJbfhsntL.
isahL bjhlU xnu ks midJ _W Lf nrU tiu
isahil bjhlu. mf Lf cilat bt bgwtuhth.

94

tha fj

rjj kig fhQj

xU tl 50% I gir wY, 25% I t wY uf

50% = 50 = 1 tlij gir w uf.

100

mnj ngh, 25% = 25 = 25 = 1

100
100
4
1 tlij t w uf.
4

bghGJ, rJu 1 gFia gir wY, 1

2
4
gFia t wY uf.

glfY

gir

gF

rkkhf

Uwjh?
tl 50% rJu50% rk my.
mnj ngh, tl 25% rJu 25% rk my.
bghGJ, `100 50% , `10 50% fL ofyh

`100 50% fhQj

`10- 50% fhQj

50% = 50 = 1

50% = 50 = 1
100
2
100
2
1 of 10 = 1 # 10 = 5
Mfnt, 100 1 = 1 # 100 = 50
2
2
2
2

`100 50% = ` 50

`10 50% = ` 5

vLJfhL 3.24
1000 nyh 20% I fhf.
:
1000 20% =

1000 nyh 20% =

1000 20

100
20 # 1000
100
200 ..

vLJfhL 3.25
200 1 % fhf.
2

95

maha

1
2

of 200

100
1
=
# 200
2 # 100
1 # 200 = 1
200

200 1 % = 1

vLJfhL 3.26
40 nyh uh 0.75% fhf.
:
0.75% = 0.75

100

0.75 # 40
100

40 nyh uh 0.75% =
=

3 = 0.3
10

40 . 0.75% = 0.3 ..

vLJfhL 3.27
70 ng bfhl tF, 60% khztf v, khzt, khzf
vifia fhf.
:

bkhj egf

= 70

khztf vif = 70 60%

=

60 # 70
100

= 42
khztf vif = 42
khzf vif = b
khj khztf khztf vif

= 70 42
= 28
khzf vif = 28
96

tha fj

vLJfhL 3.28
2010- , xU efu kf bjhif 1,50,000 mLj Mo, mJ 10%
mfFkhdh, 2011 kf bjhifia fhf.
:

2010 kf bjhif = 1,50,000

mfF kf bjhif =

10 # 1, 50, 000
100

= 15,000

2011 kf bjhif = 150000 + 15000

= 1,65,000
g 3.4

1. rahd ilia vGJf:

(i) 30 % bghJ d

(A) 1
10

(B) 7
10

(C) 3
100

(D) 3
10

(C) 200
100

(D) 100

(B) 25

(C) 0.0025

(D) 2.5

(B) ` 20

(C) ` 30

(D) ` 300

(B) ` 7.50

(C) ` 5

(D) ` 100

(ii) 1 % bghJ d
2

(A) 1
(B) 1
2
200
(iii) 25% F rkkhd jrk v

(A) 0.25

(iv) `300 10%

(v) %. 150 5%

(A) `10
(A) ` 7

2. nH bfhLfgLs rjjij dkhf khWf:

iv) 2.5%
v) 66 2 3 %
iii) 1 %
4
3. nH bfhLfgLs rjjij jrk vzhf khWf:

i) 9%

i) 7%

ii) 75%

ii) 64%

iii) 375%

iv) 0.03%

v) 0.5%

4. kig fhf:

i) 24 75%

ii) `72 33 13 % iii) 80. 45%

iv) 150 72%

v) 50 . 7.5%
97

maha

5. uh jDila tUkhd 25% I thlifahf bfhLwh. mtUila

tUkhd ` 25,000 Mf UF nghJ, mt thlifahf bfhLF
bjhif vd?
6. xU gUt, xU FG 25 nghofis isahLwJ. m 36% bt
bgWwJ. mj FG bt milj nghof vifia
fhf.
7. xU uhk 32,000 kf csd. mtf 40% Mf, 25%
bgf, j cnsh FHijf, Mf kW FHijf
vifia fhf.

8. xU giHa kG iy ` 45,000. mj iy 15% FiwfgLnkahdh,

mj a iy vd?

9. 7,500 kfbjhif bfhl uhk, gojtf

gofhjtf vjid ng?

47% v,

f!
1) 25- 20%, 20 25% rkkh?
2) x
U cz L, gW o bkhj bjhif 1.5% t
tNfgLwJ.
a) t rjjij jrk vzhf khWf.
b) 6 egf bfhl FLg bkhj ` 750 F cz
mUdh t k vd?
c) cztfF mtf brYJ bjhif ahJ?

3.4 yhg kW el

2008 uh & nfh `1,50,000 yhg milwJ.

2009 uh & nfh `25,000 el milwJ.

uh & nfh Kj Mo yhgK mLj Mo elK mila
aYkh?

igf bjhrhiyUJ filF tJ nrU gy iyf.

bjhrhiy

bkhj ahghu

igf vnf jahf gLwd?

jahgtf bghUfis neuoahf whfsh?
bghUf filahf ahiu brW mil?
98

yiw ahghu

tha fj
iygoa
(x iy)
khgH `10
M `6
thiHgH `3
MuR `5

iygoa
(x iy)
khgH `15
M `8
thiHgH `2
MuR `5

bkhj ahghufil

gHfil

uh#h vw gHfil ahgh, gHfis bkhj ahghu fil th,
j fil wh.

xU Fl eh, mt M, khgH kW thiH gHfis
thFwh. iygoa csJ nghy xbthU gHF 2 iyf
(xbthU filY btntW iyf) csd.

uh#h gHfis bkhj ahghu fil thF iyia mlf iy
vW TWt. mt gHfis fil F iyia gid iy vW
TWt.

nkny bfhLfgLs iy goUJ M kW khgH
gid iy mjDila mlf iyial mfkhf csJ vgjid
mnwh. j mf bjhifia yhg vW TWt.

hgH gid iy =
k

gid iy =

yhg =
=
yhg =

khgH mlfiy + yhg

mlfiy + yhg
gid iy mlfiy

15 10
`5

yhg = gid iy mlf iy

M gid iy > M mlf iy, Mjyh yhg ilF.

yhg

yhg

= gid iy mlfiy
= 8 6
= `2

thiHgHf u mGfToa jik cilaJ. Mfnt mj
filfhu mjid zhfhk f Ugglh. Mjyh, mt thiHgHfis
rW Fiwthd iyF (mlf iyia l Fiwthd iy) wh. mlf
iyUJ Fiwfgl bjhifia el vW TWt.
99

maha

thiHgH mlf iy > thiHgH gid iy

Mfnt, el clhF.
thiHgH gid iy =
thiHgH mlf iy Fiwfgl iy
=

gid iy

mlf iy el

el = mlf iy gid iy

1)

el

32

el

`1

xU bghU gid iy, mlf iyia l mfkhf

UFkhdh, yhg bgWt. yhg = gid iy - mlf
iy

2)

xU bghU mlf iy, F iyia l mfkhf UFkhdh,

el milt. el = mlf iy - gid iy

3)

gid iy = mlfiy + yhg

4)

gid iy = mlfiy - el

yhg / el rjjij fhz

uhnfZ `10,000 F bghUfis th mtiw `11,000 F W `1,000,
yhg milwh. Mdh unkZ `1,00,000 F bghUfis th `1,01,000 F
W `1,000 yhg milwh.
UtU
bjhifia

xnu
bgwhY,

yhg
mtf

UtU rk gyid miljhf

vd Tw Kokh? KoahJ.
Vbd, ah mf yhg 1) gF 100 Mf bfhl xbthU
<osh
vgjid
ma,
dij ___________vW
yhgij KjL bjhifl
TWt.
xl ntL.
1
2) 2 = _________%
vfis rjjkhf vGJ
3) 35% = _________ (d)
bghGJ
xLtJ
RygkhwJ.
Mfnt yhgrjjij fhngh. 4) 0.05 = _________%
5) 1 = ___ %
4
uhnfZ `10,000 KjL br
bghGJ, `1,000 yhg milwh.

100

tha fj
mjhtJ `10,000 F `1,000 yhg bgWwh.
Mjyh, xbthU `1 F, ilF yhg 1000 MF.
10000
Mfnt `100F, yhg = 1000 # 100
10, 000

yhg % = 10

unkZ `1,00,000 KjL br bghGJ `1,000 yhg milwh.

`1,00,000 `1,000 yhg = 1000

100000
yhg rjj = 1000 # 100 = 1
100000

yhg = 1

nkny TwgLsUJ, unki l uhnfZ mf yhg bgWwh
vgij mnwh.
yhg

Mfnt, yhg rjj =
# 100
mlf iy

mnjnghy, el rjjK fL ofgLwJ.

el rjj =

el
# 100
mlf iy

yhg rjj (myJ) el rjj fhQ nghJ xU bghU mlf
iy jh fzl ntL.

vLJfhL 3.29

xU bkhj ahgh, xU bjhiyfh bgoia `10,000 F th `12,000

F wh. xU bgo yhg/ elij fhf. 5 bgofis gjh

ilF yhg/ elij fhf.

:
xU bjhiyfh bgo gid iy =

`12,000

xU bjhiyfh bgo mlfiy

`10,000

gid iy > m lf iy, Mjyh yhg L

yhg = gid iy mlfiy

= 12000 10000

yhg = `2,000

x
U bjhiyfhbgo gjh ilF yhg

= `2,000

5 bjhiyfhbgofis gjh ilF yhg = 2000 5

101

maha

5 bjhiyfhbgofis gjh ilF yhg = `10,000

vLJfhL 3.30

r# toia `5,000F thdh. uL tUlfSF wF,

`600 FiwJ wh. to gid iy kW el rjjij fhf.

:

to mlfiy = `5000
el = `600

gid iy = mlfiy el

= 5000 600
to gid iy = `4400
el
# 100
mlfiy
= 600 # 100
5000
el rjj =

= 12
el = 12%

vLJfhL 3.31

xU eg xU giHa toia `1,250F thdh. mjid gLj

`250 bry brjh. mt,mjid`1400F wh. mt yhgij myJ

elij fhf.

to mlfiy = `1,250

gLj Md bry = `250

bkhj mlfiy = 1250 + 250 = `1,500

gid iy = `1,400
mlfiy > gid iy, el clhF
el = mlfiy gid iy

= 1500 1400
= 100

el = `100

102

tha fj

el rjj =

el
# 100
mlfiy

= 100 # 100
1500

= 20
3

= 6 2 (myJ) 6.67
3

el = 6.67

vLJfhL 3.32

xU gH ahgh 8 bgo uhirfis, xU bgo `150 vw j thdh.
m xU bgo uhir mG LwJ. jKs bgofis xU bgo `190 vw
iyF wh. yhg / el rjjij fhf.

:
xU bgo uhir mlfiy = `150

8 bgof mlfiy = 150 # 8

= `1200
mGa uhir cs bgof vif = 1
w bgof vif = 8 1
= 7

1 bgo gid iy = `190

7 bgof gid iy = 190 7

= `1330

gid iy > mlfiy vdnt, yhg L

yhg = gid iy mlfiy

= 1330 1200
= 130

yhg = `130
yhg rjj =

yhg
# 100
mlfiy

= 130 # 100
1200

= 10.83

yhg = 10.83%
103

maha

vLJfhL 3.33

uh vw filfhu xU ngdhit `50F th `5 elF wh.

mj gid iyia;f fhf.

:
ngdh mlfiy = `50

el = `5

gid iy = mlfiy el

= 50 5
= 45
ngdh gid iy = `45.

vLJfhL 3.34

xU g Hhfhf rhuh, nf brjh. xU nf mlfiy

`55 MF. mt xbthU nfif `11 yhgF wh. 25 nfFfis

Ujh gid iyia yhg rjjij fhf.

xU nf mlfiy = `55

w nfFf vif = 25

25 nfFf mlfiy = 55 25 = `1375

1 nf yhg = `11
25 nfFf yhg = 11 25 = `275
gid iy = mlfiy + yhg

= 1375 + 275
= 1,650
= `1,650

yhg rjj =

yhg
# 100
mlfiy

= 275 # 100
1375

= 20

yhg = 20%

104

tha fj

g 3.5

1. rahd ilia vGJf

i) xU ig mlfiy `575 Mf, gid iy `625 Mf Ujh

bgwToa yhg

(A) `50

(B) `575

(C) `625

(D) it VJiy

ii) xU bgo mlfiy `155 Mf, gid iy `140 Mf

Ujh VgL el

(A) `155
(B) `140
(C) `15
(D) it VJiy
iii) xU ig gid iy `235 Mf mlfiy `200 Mf Ujh,

(A) yhg `235

(B) el `3

(C) yhg `35

(D) el `200

iv) yhg myJ el rjj vbghGJ __________ nk fzlgL.

(A) mlfiy

(B) gid iy

(C) yhg

(D) el

v) xU eg `250F tha bghUis `25 yhgF wh. mj yhg

rjj

(A) 25

(B) 10

(C) 250

(D) 225

2. tU mltizia br :
mlfiy

gid iy

yhg

el

144

168

59

38

600

635.45

26599

23237

107.50

100

3. mlfiy kW yhg
iyia fLof
i) mlfiy = `450
ii) mlfiy = `760
iii) mlfiy = `980
iv) mlfiy = `430
v) mlfiy = `999.75

/ el bfhLfgLs nghJ, gid

yhg = `80
el = `140
yhg = `47.50
el = `93.25
el = `56.25
105

maha

4. xU il neh `27, 50,000-F thFwh. mt il brtjfhf

`2,50,000I bryLwh. mj il `33,00,000F wh v,
yhg (m) el rjjij fLof.

5. xU filfhu 10 thiHgHfis `100F thFwh. 2 thiHgHf

mG ld. jKs gHfis, xU gH `11 vw iyF wh.
mtUF ilj yhg (m) el rjjij fhf.

6. xU filfhu 100 ngdhfis `250F thFwh. xU ngdh `4F

wh. yhg rjjij fhf.

7. xU fhf ahgh 40nyh btfhaij `360F thFwh. mt xU

nyh `11 vw iyF 36nyhit wh. jKstiw xU nyh `4.50
vw iyF wh. mtUF ilj yhg/ el rjjij fhf.
VnjD xU bghU bjhrhiy cgah bttUtJ
Kj Efnthiu brwil tiu flF gntW iyfis
fhf
f!
cg brnthnu neuoahf wh, EfnthUF rhjfkhf
UFkh? thf.

f brJ ghf
1. nyh `100,`80 cs uL tifahd vizia xU gidahs
3: 2 vw j fyJ mfyitia nyh `101.20F gid
brwh. mtUila yhg myJ el rjjij fhf.

2. rZ xU nfkuhit uhn#l 10% yhgF wh. uhn#Z mjid

#hl 12 % elF wh. #h `4,840F thUjh, mj
nfkuhit rZ vd iyF thdh?

3. jf ahgh xU jfij 5% el fhk, 5% yhg

F nghJ `15 mfkhf ilwJ v, jf mlf
iyia fhf.

106

tha fj

3.5 jto

jbghGJ `10,000
it bjhif brf.
7 tUlf Ko
`20,000 bgWf.

jbghGJ `10,000
KjL brf. 6
tUlf Ko

`20,000 bgWf.

`10,000 I bghGJ brY 7 MLf Ko `20,000 bgwyh.

`10,000 I bghGJ brY 6 MLf Ko `20,000 bgwyh.

J rhakh? j ntWghLfSF fhuz vd?

2008- t
itbjhifahf brYdh. xU tUlF wF `5,400Mf Ug
bgwh. mt V TLj bjhif bgwh? vts bjhif mtUF mfkhf
iljJ?
jh

grhf

nyhnfZ

`5,000I mt j ig

bgw

`5,000I

itJ bfhoUjh, `400I yhgkhf

bgUf Kokh?
nyhnfZ `5,000ij xU tUl it bjhif brY, tUl W
`5,400 Mf bgwh.

eh fl thF(bfhLF) nghJ bgw (bfhLj) bjhifial
mfbjhifid brYJnth(bgWnth). TLj bjhifia jh to (I)
vd Fnwh.

nkTa f, nyhnfZ `400 I toahf bgwh. fldhf bgWw
(m) mfgLw bjhifia mr vd Fnwh.

f it bjhifahf brYjgl `5,000 mryhF.

mr tol izj bjhif, bkhj bjhif (A) MF.

nkTa f, bkhj bjhif = mr +to

= `5000 + `400 = `5,400.

to bjhifahdJ vnghJ xnu khahf mikkh? rakhf UfhJ.
, tU ffis fhngh.
107

maha

(i) itbjhifahf brYjgL mr `5,000 MdJ

`10,000 Mf caU nghJ, to bjhif caUkh?

(ii) mnj nghW, `5,000 mf tUlfSF it bjhifahf

itfgL nghJ to bjhif caUkh?

M, nkTa U iyfY tobjhif foghf caU.

iyf
go,
to
bjhif
mriy
bghWJ,

nkTa
itbjhiffhd fhyij bghWJ kW to jij bghWJ
khWgL.

to jkhdJ MLnjhW `100 F fzlgL. mjhtJ, MoF

to j 10% Mf Ujh mj xUtUlF `100 F `10 toahf

ilfbgW.

Mfnt to tUtdtiw rhJ csJ vgij mnwh.

mryhf brYjgL (m) bgwgL bjhif (P) fhy ms (bgUghY

tUlfshf mik) (n) kW to j (r)

mr bjhifia bghWJ kLnk mik toahdJ j to vdgL.

to fzl
mr `100 Mf, to j r Mf Ujh
= 100 # 1 # r
100
2 tUlfSF to = 100 # 2 # r

100
3 tUlfSF to = 100 # 3 # r

100

n tUlfSF to = 100 # n # r
100
Mjyh,
I = Pnr
100

1 tUlF to

A = P + I

A = P + Pnr

100
A = P`1 + nr j
100
to = KGbjhif mr

I = A P

108

tha fj
Pnr vw NuUJ tU
100

Nufis bgwyh

I =

r = 100I

Pn

n = 100I
Pr

P = 100I
rn
F: n vgJ bghJthf tUlf fzlgL. n khjfnyh,
ehfnyh Ujh, mij tUlfshf kh fzlgl ntL.

nfhol lij uf
mr

5,000

to

KGbjhif

500

12,500

17,500
6,000

8,450

25,000

750

12,000

15,600

vLJfhL 3.35

fk xU tUlF 7 % to j `3,000 nrwh. xU tUl Ko

mt bgW j toia, bjhifia fhf.

mr (P) = `3,000

tUlf (n) = 1

to j (r) = 7 %

j to (I) = Pnr
100
= 3000 # 1 # 7
100

I = `210

A = P + I

= 3000 + 210

A = `3,210
109

maha

vLJfhL 3.36

uhfh MoF 11 % to j `5,000 I 2 MLfSF KjL

brwh. ulh Mo Ko mt bgW j toia bjhifia

fhf.

mr (P) = `5,000

tUlf (n) = 2 years

to j (r) = 11 %

jto I = Pnr
100
= 5000 # 11 # 2
100

= 1100

I = `1,100
bjhif (A) = P + I

= 5000 + 1100

A = `6,100

vLJfhL 3.37

`7,500 F 8 % to j xU tUl 6 khjfSfhd jtoia

bjhifia fhf.

P = `7,500

n = tUl 6 khjf

= 1 6 tUlf
12

= 1 1 = 3 tUlf
2

r = 8 %

I = Pnr

100

7500 # 3 # 8
2
=
100
= 7500 # 3 # 8
2 # 100

110

tha fj

= 900
I = `900
12 khjf = 1 tUl

bjhif (A) = P + I

= 7500 + 900
= `8,400
to = `900, bjhif = `8,400
khW :

P = `7,500

= 6 tUl
12
= 1 tUl
2
3 khjf = 3 tUl
12
= 1 tUl
4

6 khjf

n = 3 tUl
2

r = 8%
A = P`1 + nr j
100
3 #8
e
o
2
= 7500 1 +
100

= 7500 c1 + 3 # 8 m
2 # 100
= 7500` 28 j
25
= 300 # 28
= 8400
A = `8400
I = AP
= 8400 7500
= 900
I = `900
to = `900
bjhif = `8,400

vLJfhL 3.38
`6,750F 219 efSF 10 % to j jtoia, bjhifia
fhf.

111

maha

:
P

`6,750

219 ehf

365 ehf = 1 tUl

219 tUl = 3 tUl

365
5

219 ehf = 219 tUl

10 %

Pnr
100
6750 # 3 # 10
5 # 100

405

`405

P+I

6750 + 405

7,155

`7,155

to

`405, bjhif = `7,155

365
= 3 tUl
5
73 ehf = 73 tUl
365
1
=
tUl
5

vLJfhL 3.39
uhF 7-6-2006 mW `4,000I fldhf bgW mij 19-8-2009 mW Ug
brYdh. 5% j to fzlglh mt brYa bjhif vts?

ehf,

= `4,000

= 5%

= 24 (30 6)

iy

= 31

MfL

= 18

bkhj ehf

= 73

= 73 ehf
=
=

112

73 tUl
365
1 tUl
5

tha fj

A = P`1 + nr j
100

= 4000 c1 + 1 # 5 m
5 # 100
= 4000`1 + 1 j
100
= 4000` 101 j
= 4,040

100

bjhif = `4,040

vLJfhL 3.40

`7,000 mrYF 16 khjf `1,680 jto iljh, to jij
fL o.

P = `7,000

n = 16 khjf

= 16 tUl = 4 tUl
12

I = `1,680

r = ?

r = 100I

Pn
= 100 # 1680
7000 # 4
3
= 100 # 1680 # 3
7000 # 4

= 18

r = 18 %

vLJfhL 3.41

# `10,000I 5% to j it ahf brYJwh. vjid
tUlf `11,000I mt bgWth?

A = `11,000

P = `10,000

r = 5 %

n = ?
113

maha

I = A P

= 11,000 10,000
= 1,000

I = `1000

n = 100 I

Pr
= 100 # 1000
10000 # 5

n = 2 tUlf.
khW Kiw :

A = P`1 + nr j
100

11000 = 10000 `1 + n # 5 j

100

11000 = 1 + n
20
10000
11 = 20 + n
20
10
11 # 20 = 20 + n
10

22 = 20 + n

22 20 = n

n = 2 tUlf

vLJfhL 3.42

xU Fl mryhdJ 8% to j vjid tUlf _W
klfhF vd fhf?

:
mriy `P vd vLJ bfhnth.

bjhif = _W klF mr

= `3 P

r = 8 %

n = ?

I = A P

= 3P P
= 2P

114

tha fj

I = ` 2 P

n = 100I

n = 25

tUlf = 25

Pr
100
# 2P
=
P#8

khW Kiw :
mriy `100 vd bfhnth.

bjhif = 3 # 100

= `300

I = A P

= 300 - 100

I = `200.

n = 100I = 100 # 200

Pr
100 # 8
200

n =
= 25
8
tUlf vif = 25.

vLJfhL 3.43

xU Fl bjhifahdJ 8% to j 5 tUlf `10,080 MwJ.
mriy fhf.

A = `10,080

n = 5 tUlf

r = 8 %

P = ?

A = P`1 + nr j
100

10080 = P`1 + 5 # 8 j
100

10080 = P` 7 j
5
5
10080 # = P

7,200 = P

mr = `7,200

115

maha

vLJfhL 3.44

xU Fl mryhdJ 6 tUlf `8,880 Mf 4 tUlf `7,920
Mf khWwJ v mr kW to jij fhf.

6 tUl Ko bjhif = mr + 6 tUl to

= P + I6 = 8880

4 tUlKo bjhif = mr + 4 tUl to

= P + I4 = 7920

I2 = 8880 7920

= 960

2 tUl Ko to = `960

1 tUl Ko to = 960
2

= 480

4 tUl Ko to = 480 # 4

= 1,920

P + I 4 = 7920

P + 1920 = 7920

P = 7920 - 1920

P = 6,000

mr = `6,000

r = 100I

r = 8 %

pn
= 100 # 1920
6000 # 4

g 3.6

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) `1000 F 10 % toj 2 MLfSF jto

(A) `1000

(B) `200

(C) `100

(D) `2000

ii) bjhif = `11,500 kW mr = `11,000 v, to MdJ

(A) `500

(B) `22,500

(C) `11,000
116

(D) `11,000

tha fj

iii) 6 khjf =

(A) 1 tUl
2
iv) 292 ehf =

(A) 1 tUl
5

(B) 1 tUl
4

(C) 3 tUl
4

(D) 1 tUl

(B) 3 tUl
5

(C) 4 tUl
5

(D) 2 tUl
5

v) P = `14000 kW I = `1000 v, A vgJ

(A) `15000

(B) `13000

(C) `14000

(D) `1000

2. `5,000 F 10% to j 5 tUlf bgwgL jtoia

bjhifia fhf.

3. `1,200 F 12 1 2 % to j 3 MLf bgwgL jtoia

bjhifia fhf.

4. tUlF 10% j to jU xU t nyhnfZ `10,000 it

ahf brYdh. mbjhifia 2 tUl 3 khjfSF wF mt
Ug bgWwh. mt bgw toia fhf.

5. `2,500 I 13 % tUl to j it ahf brYdh, 146 ehf

bgW bjhifia fhf.

6. `12,000 F 9 % tUl to j 21 nk 1999 UJ 2 MfL 1999 tiu

ilF jtoia, bjhifia fhf.

7. rah `6,000 I xU t brY 5 tUlf Ko `7500 I

bgwh v, to jij fhf.

8. 10% tUl to j 2 1 tUlf `250 toahf jU mr

bjhifia fhf.

9. vjid MLf 8 % to j `5,000 khdJ `5,800 Mf khW?

10. xU bjhifahdJ 10 tUlf uo MwJ. to jij fhf.

11. xU bjhifahdJ 12 1 % tUl to j xU Fl tUlf

12. xU Fl bjhifahdJ 6% to j 3 MLf `6,372

2
uoghwJ. tUlf vifia fhf.

MwJ v mriy fhf.

13. xU Fl bjhifahdJ 3 MLf `6,500 Mf 1 1

2
MLf `5,750 Mf khWwJ. mr kW to jij fhf.

117

maha

f!
1) xU mryhdJ 2 tUl 9 klfhf MFbk, mj to
4
j vts?

2) gJ tUlF wF uhKF `6,00,000 njitgLwJ. xU

t tUlF 20% mjh t uhK vts mryhf
brYjntL?

id bfhf!

1. U msf nekhw UFbk, xU ms mfF nghJ

(Fiw nghJ) mjndhL bjhlila kbwhU ms mfF
(Fiw).

2. U msf vkhw UFbk xU ms mfF

nghJ (Fiw nghJ) mjndhL bjhlila kbwhU ms Fiw
(mfF).

3. nekhw, x U ntW msf j, kbwh mjFfj

msf jF rkkhF.

4. vkhw, x U ntW msf j kbwh mjFfj

msf jF jiyHhF.

5. xU d gF 100 ( m ) xU j ulhtJ cW 100 Mf

U, mij rjj vg.

6. rjjij % vW Ffyh

7. dij (myJ) jrk viz rjjkhf khw, 100 M bgUf

ntL

8. xU bghU thF iyia mlf iy vW TWt.

9. xU bghU F iyia gid iy vW TWt.

118

tha fj

10. xU bghU gid iy mlf iyia l mfkhf U

yhg ilF.

11. xU bghU mlf iy gid iyia l mfkhf U,

el clhF

12. bkhj mlf iy = mlf iy + gGJghF bry (myJ

nghFtuJ bry).

13. yhg (myJ) el xnu mss bghUfSF jh fzlgl

ntL.

14. yhg = gid iy mlf iy

15. el = mlfiy gid iy

16. yhg rjj =

17. el rjj =

yhg
# 100
mlf iy

el
# 100
mlf iy

18. gid iy = mlf iy + yhg

19. gid iy = mlf iy - el

20.

j to fzLtjfhd Nu (I) = Pnr

100

21.

A = P + I

= P + Pnr
100
= P`1 + nr j
100

22.

I = A P

23.

24.

25.

P = 100I
nr
r = 100I
Pn
n = 100I
Pr

119

maha

msitf
_oa
totfshd brtf, rJu kW brnfhz Knfhz
Mat Rws kW gugs fhQ Kiwfis Mwh tF
fUnwh. _oa totfshd Knfhz, izfu, rhrJu, rtf
kW tl gugs fhQ Kiwfis tF fhngh.

4.1 ghit
Mwh tF eh fwj brtf, rJu kW brnfhz
Knfhz Rws, gugs g F id Tnth.

Rws
xU _oa tot viyia eh xU Kiw RtU nghJ ilF
unk mtot Rws MF.

gl 4.1
brtf Rws = 2 (s) + 2 (mfy)

= 2 [s + mfy]
brtf Rws = 2 (l + b) myFf. F l = s, b = mfy
rJu Rws = 4 xU gf s

= 4 gf
rJu Rws = 4 a myFf. F a vgJ rJu gf
Knfhz Rws = _W gf msf TLj
Knfhz Rws = (a + b + c) myFf
F a, b, c Knfhz gffshF.

120

msitf

gugs
xU _oa tot milF l ms mj gugsthF.

gl 4.2
brtf gugs = s mfy
brtf gugs = l b rJu myFf
rJu gugs = gf gf
rJu gugs = a a rJu myFf
brnfhz Knfhz gugs

= 1 brnfhzij csla gff bgUfgy

2
1
= # ^b # hhrJumyFf
2

F b, h vgit brnfhzij csla gffshF.

)

cf tF cs fUgyif, nkir, rd
Mat Rws kW gugsit fhf.

xU jhid vLJ bfhL m gntW

msf bfhl brtf, rJu kW brnfhz
Knfhzfis tiuJ mij fjJ jna
vLJ bfhs. mtiw nkir J itJ
mt Rws, kW gugsit fL of.

vLJfhL 4.1
s 15 , mfy 10 cila brtf tot
y gugs , Rws fhf.

:
s = 15 , mfy = 10 vd jugLsJ.
brtf gugs = s mfy

=15 10

121

gl4.3

maha

= 150 2

brtf Rws = 2 [s + mfy]
= 2 [15 +10] = 50

brtf gugs = 150 2

brtf Rws = 50

vLJfhL 4.2
80 s cila brtf tot njhl gugs 3200 r.. njhl
mfyij fhf.

s = 80 , gugs = 3200 r. vdjugLsJ.

brtf gugs = s mfy

brtf gugs

mfy =
s
3200
= 80 = 40

` njhl mfy = 40
vLJfhL 4.3
40 sKila rJutot kid gugs, Rws fhf.
:
rJu tot kid gf = 40

rJu gugs



rJu Rws


rJu gugs

rJu Rws

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

( jugLsJ )

gf gf

40 40
1600 r.
4 gf
4 40 = 160
1600 r.
160

gl 4.4

vLJfhL 4.4
rJu tot njhl gf 50 . njhlij R lUF
`10 j ntnghl MF bryit fhf.

:
rJu tot njhl gf 50 vd bfhLfgLsJ.

122

msitf
ntnghl MF bkhj bryit fhz njhl Rwsit fL
mij lUF MF bryl bgUdh nghJkhdJ

=
=
=
ntnghl xU lUF MF bry =
` 200 lUF MF bry =
=
rJu tot njhl Rws

4 gf
4 50
200
`10 (bfhLfgLsJ)
`10 200
`2000

vLJfhL 4.5
gf 60 cila rJu tot fhit rk bra rJu lUF ` 2
j MF bryit fhf.

:
rJu tot fh gf 60 vd bfhLfgLsJ.
rk bra MF bryit fhz, gugsit fL mjid rJu
lUF MF bryl bgUdh nghJkhdJ.
fh gugs = gf gf

=
xU rJu lUF MF bry =
` 3600 rJu lUF MF bry =
=
vLJfhL 4.6

60 60 = 3600 r..
`2
`2 3600
`7200

xU isahLl brnfhzKnfhz to
csJ. brnfhzij jhF gff 50 , 80 . l
bk r rJu lUF `5 j MF bkhj bryit
fhf.

gl 4.5

bk r MF bkhj bryit fhz, isahLl gugsit

fL mij xU rJu lUF MF bryl bgUdh nghJkhdJ.
brnfhzKnfhz isahLl gugs = 1 b h
2
F b, h vgd brnfhzij jhF gffshF.
= 1 # (50 80)
2
= 2000 r.
1 V = 100 2
xU rJu lUF MF bry = `5
` 2000 rJu lUF MF bry = `5 2000 1 bAnl = 100 V (m)
= 10000 r.

= `10000

123

maha

4.2 TL cUtf gugs

brtf, rJu kW brnfhz Knfhz Mat VnjD U
TL cUtf gugsit fhQ Kiwfis gF fhngh.

xU uhkthF gl
fhoago U yf mLjLJ
csd. mj gugs mtUF
bjahJ. xU y 30 gfKila
rJuy. kwJ 50 20 msila
brtf y. nghJ uhkth
itUF
y
bkhj
gugsit fL mtUF cfsh
cjt Kokh?

gl 4.6

1.5

xU g aF fj kwJF
tsk kybfho tfhof. mtf fj
miwia gl tiuJ mHFgLd. miw
Rt 2 sK 1.5 mfyK cila brtf tot
2
1.5
glij Kj tsk tiujh. mglF mU
gl 4.7
kybfho brnfhz Knfhzij tiujh.
brnfhzij csla gff sf Kiwna 1.5, 2 v mtf
tiuj glf bkhj guig ekh fhz Kokh?
bghGJ eh y TL cUtf gugsfis fhngh.
br.

br.

vLJfhL 4.7
bfhLfgLs gl gugsit fhf.

br.

gl 4.8

bfhLfgl glij gl 4.9 fhoago rJu, brtf U

gFfshf J bfhnth.
rJu gugs (1) = 3 br 3 br = 9 br 2

brtf gugs (2) = 10 br 4 br = 40 br 2

br.
br.

br.

` gl bkhj gugs (gl 4.9) = ( 9 + 40 ) br 2

= 49 br 2

124

br.

gl 4.9

msitf
br.

khWKiw:

br.

br.

br.

bfhLfgl glij gl 4.10 fhoago U

brtffshf J bfhnth.

brtf gugs (1) = 7 br 3 br = 21 br 2

brtf gugs (2) = 7 br 4 br = 28 br 2

br.

` gl bkhj gugs (gl 4.10) = ( 21 + 28 ) br 2

br.

gl 4.10

= 49 br2
vLJfhL 4.8
fhQ gl gugsit fhf
br.

br.

br.

gl 4.11

br.

glkhdJ brtf, brnfhz

Knfhz vd U gFfis
bfhLsJ.

br.

br.

gl 4.12

br.

brtf gu (1) = 5 br. 10 br.
= 50 br. 2
brnfhz Knfhz gu (2) = 1 (7br. 5br.)
2

35

= 2 br. 2 = 17.5 br. 2

` gl bkhj gu = ( 50 + 17.5) br. 2

bkhj gu = 67.5 br. 2

vLJfhL 4.9
60 sKila rJutot kidia m thdh. myF mLj
70 50 msila brtf tot kidia m thdh. UtU xnu
iyF thdhf v yhg miljt ah?

125

maha

gl 4.13
m tha rJutot kid gugs (1) = 60 60 = 3600 2
m tha brtftot kid gugs (2) = 70 50 = 3500 2
F rJu tot kid gugs brtf tot kid gugsit l
mfkhf csJ.
vdnt, yhg miljt m.
rk gugsit bfhl U rJutot jhid vLJ
bfhf. _iyl tahf rJu jhid btl. vjid
brnfhz Knfhzf iljd? mt gugs g
VnjD Tw Kokh? btoa gFfis kbwhU rJu jh
J rahf bghU TJ nehf. vd mJ bfhs
KowJ? To thf.
xnu khahd U brtf tot jhid vLJbfhf.
xU brtf tot jhid _iy l tahf btl. vjid
brnfhz Knfhzf iljd?
mt gugs g VnjD TwKokh? btoa gFfis kbwhU
brtf tot fhj J rahf bghUj. brtfF,
brnfhz KnfhzF ilna cs bjhl vd? thf.

g 4.1

br.

1. fhQ glf gugsfis fhf.

br.

br.

br.

br.

br.

126

br

br.

br.

br.

br.

br.

br.

br

br.

msitf

2. 5 sK 4 mfyK cila jiuF rJu XL gf Uwh. xU

rJu Xo gugs 1 2 v jiu KGtJ XL gf, vjid XLf
2
njitgL?.
3. brnfhz Knfhz tot yK, brtf tot yK mLjLJsd.
brnfhz Knfhz y brnfhzij csla gff
msf 30 , 40 . brtf tot y s, mfyf Kiwna 20 ,
15. brnfhz Knfhz tot y iy, brtf tot y
iy rkkhdit v vj yij thFtJ wjJ?
4. 50 sKila rJu tot kidia k thdh. mkidF mLJs
60 sK 40 mfyK cila brtf tot kidia u thdh.
Ut tha iy rk v ah yhg miljJ? vts gugs
mf?
5. vjDila gugs mfkhdJ? brnfhzij jhF gff 80,
60 sKila brnfhz Knfhz gugs myJ 50 sKila
rJu gugs.

4.3 Knfhz gu
brnfhz Knfhz gu vgJ mij
csla brtf gugs ghahF.

brnfhz Knfhz gu

= 1

(brnfhzij csla gff

2
bgUfgy)
gl 4.14
(myJ) = 1 b h r.myFf
2
F b, h vgJ brnfhzij csla gffshF.
gF Knfhzf gugs fhQ Kiwfis fhngh.

Knfhz gugs fhz

brtf tot JLjhid vLJ bfhf. mt cfSF
A,B,C kW D vdbgaLf. DC J E vw VnjD xU ia Ff.
AE kW BE I nrf. gl 4.15 (i) fhoago brtf ABCD F mikj
Knfhz ABE ilF.

gl 4.15
127

maha

DE = AF vd UfkhW AB J F vw ia Ff. EF I
nrf. EF = BC vgij ftf. bghGJ EF I h vd AB I b
vd bfhnth.

AE kW BE tahf btl. bghGJ ilF Knfhz (2), (3)

I gl 4.15 (iii) fhoago ABE J rahf bghUj, bghGJ
D ABE gu = D ADE gu + D BCE gu

..... (1)

brtf ABCD gu = D ABE gu + ( D ADE gu +

D BCE gu)

= D ABE gu + D ABE gu ((1) go)

= 2 D ABE gu
mjhtJ 2 D ABE gu = brtf ABCD gu

cau

` Knfhz ABE gu
1
= 2 (brtf ABCD gu)

= 1 (s mfy)

2
mogf
= 1 bh r.myFf
2
gl 4.16
` Knfhz gu = 1 bh r.myFf
2
F b, h vgJ Kiwna Knfhz mogf kW caukhF.

vw
nfhz
Knfhzij fUJf. C UJ
tiuagl brFJ, BA
D vw rwJ.
Knfhz gugs vd?

cau

ABC

mogf

gl 4.17

fhj ko Kiw
Knfhz toyhd JLjhid vLJbfhf. mj cfSF
A, B, C vd bgaLf. mogf AB I b vW FJauij h vW fUJf.

AC kW BC ikafis fhf. mtiw Kiwna D kW E

vf. nkY C UJ AB F xU brFJ nfhLJL tiuf. mJ
DE I F vw lY AB I G vw lY rF. bghGJ CF = FG
vgij ftf.
128

msitf

gl 4.18

DE tahf btl, ilF Knfhz DCE I CF tahf btodh

U brnfhz Knfhzf ilF. mtiw gl 4.18 (iii) fhoago
ehfu ABED UwK nrf.
(i) MtJ gl gugs = (iii) MtJ gl gugs
mjhtJ Knfhz gu = cUthfgl brtf gu
1
= b # ( 2 h) r. myFf [CF + FG = h]

= 1 b h r. myFf
2

vLJfhL 4.10

br.

fhQ glf gugsit fhf.

br.
br.

br.

gl 4.19

:
(i) mogf = 5 br., cau = 4 br. vd jugLsJ.
1

Knfhz PQR gugs = 2 b h

= 1 5 4
2

= 10 r.br. (myJ) br. 2

(ii) mogf = 7 br., cau = 6 br. vd jugLsJ.
1

Knfhz ABC gugs = 2 b h

1

= 2 7 6
= 21 r.br. (myJ) br. 2
129

maha

vLJfhL 4.11
40 cau bfhl xU Knfhz tot njhl gugs 800 r..
mj mogf sij fhf.

:
Knfhztot njhl gugs = 800 r. (jugLsJ)
1bh
= 800
2
1 # b # 40
= 800 ( a h = 40)
2

20 b = 800
b = 40

` mogf s 40 .

g 4.2
1. fhQ Knfhzf gugsfis fhf.

2.

br.

(i)

br

br

br.

br.

br.

(ii)

(iii)

br.

br.

(iv)

fhQ msfSF Knfhz gugsit fhf.

(i) mogf = 6 br., cau = 8 br.
(ii) mogf = 3 ,
cau = 2
(iii) mogf = 4.2 ,
cau = 5

3. fhQ Knfhz gugs kW cau msfis bfhL

mj mogf sij fhf.
(i) gugs = 40 2 ,
cau = 8
(ii) gugs = 210 br. 2 , cau = 21 br.
(iii) gugs = 82.5 2 , cau = 10

4. fhQ Knfhz gugs kW mogf msfis

bfhL mj cau fhf :
(i) gugs = 180 2 ,
mogf = 20
(ii) gugs = 62.5 2 , mogf = 25
(iii) gugs = 20 br. 2 , mogf = 5 br.

5. xU njhlkhdJ Knfhz to csJ. mj mogf 26 , cau
28 . njhlij rkbra rJu lUF `5 j MF bkhj
bryitfhf.
130

msitf

4.4 ehfu gu
ehF nfhLJLfsh milgL cUt ehfu MF. uL
nfhL JLf xiwbahW FWfhf bto bfhshJ.

gl 4.20
nkfl gl
gl (i), (ii), (iii) Mait ehfukhF
gl (iv) ehfuky.

ehfu tiff

fl glkhdJ ehfu gy tiffis fhLwJ.

ehfu

izfu

rh
rJu

midJ nfhzfS
90 Mf Ujh

rtf

brtf

U rkgf
rtf

rJu
midJ gffS
rkkhf Ujh

gl 4.21
131

maha

ehfu gugs
ABCD vw ehfu _iy l AC I tiuf. mJ ehfuij ABC kW
ADC vd ulhf wJ. bghJ mogf ACF
FJnfhL BE kW DF I tiuf.
ehfu ABCD gugs

= 3 ABC gugs + 3 ADC gugs

= [ 1 # AC # h1 ] + [ 1 # AC # h2 ]

2
2
1
= # AC # (h1 + h2)
2
gl 4.22
1
= # d # (h1 + h2) r. myFf.
2
F d vgJ _iyl AC- sij, h1, h2 vgJ
vgfUJ _iylF tiuagl FJnfho sij
FF.
` ehfu gugs = 1 # d # (h1 + h2) r. myFf.
2

vLJfhL 4.12
br

br

br

gl fhos ehfu PQRS

gugs fhf.

d = 20 , h1 = 7 br., h2 = 10 br. vd
jugLsJ.

gl 4.23

ehfu PQRS gugs

= 1 # d # ^h1 + h2h

2
1
= 2 # 20 # ^7 + 10h = 10 # 17

= 170 br. 2

` ehfu PQRS gugs = 170 br. 2.

vLJfhL 4.13
xU L kidahdJ ehfuto csJ.
mj xU _iyl s 200 . ehfu
U v cf _iylUJ 60, 50
bjhiy csd v ehfu gugs
ahJ?
132

gl 4.24

msitf

:
d = 200 , h1 = 50 , h2 = 60 vd jugLsJ.
1
ehfu ABCD gugs = 2 # d # ^h1 + h2h
1
= 2 # 200 # ^50 + 60h
= 100 # 110

\ ehfu gugs = 11000 2

vLJfhL 4.14

xU ehfu gugs 525 r.. mj U cfUJ _iylF
tiuagL brF sf 15, 20 v _iyl sbkd?

:
gugs = 525 r., h1 = 15 , h2 = 20 vd jugLsJ.
bghGJ,

ehfu gugs
1 # d # ^h1 + h2h

2
1 # d # ^15 + 20h

2
1 # d # 35

2

= 525 r.
= 525
= 525
= 525

d =
` _iyl s = 30 .

525 # 2
1050
= 35 = 30
35

vLJfhL 4.15
400 br. 2 gugs bfhl ehfu PQRS xU _iyl s
PR = 25 br.. Q UJ PR F tiuagL brFJnfho s 15 br.
v S UJ PR F tiuagL brFJ nfho sbkd?
:
d = 25 br., h1 = 15 br., gugs = 400 br. 2 vd jugLsJ.
ehfu PQRS gugs = 400 br. 2

1 d (SL + QM) = 400 F SL = h , QM = h

1
2
2
1 # d # ^h1 + h2h
= 400
2
1 # 25 # ^15 + h2h
= 400
2
400 # 2
15 + h2 = 25 = 16 # 2 = 32
h2 = 32 15 = 17
` S UJ PR F tiuagL brF s 17 br.
133

gl 4.25

maha

4
g 4.3
.

br

.
br

.
br

1. glUJ, ehfu
ABCD gugsit fhf.

2. bfhLfgLs

3. xU ehfu _iyl 25 br.. v cf UJ _iyl

nkyikj brF sf 5 br., 7 br. v ehfu gugs

_iyl kW cau
ehfu gugsit fhf.
(i) d = 15 br., h1 = 5 br., h2 = 4 br.
(ii) d = 10 br., h1 = 8.4 br., h2 = 6.2 br.
(iii) d = 7.2 br., h1 = 6 br., h2 = 8 br.

msfis

bfhL

ahJ?

4. xU ehfu gugs 54 br.2.mj U cUJ

_iy lF tiuagL brF sf 4 br., 5 br. v

_iyl sbkd?

5. xU L kidahdJ ehfu to csJ. mj xU _iyl

s 250 . ehfu U v cf _iylUJ 70 , 80
bjhiy csd. L kid gugs ahJ?

4.5 izfu gugs

rJu, brtf, Knfhz Ma rkjs cUtfis ju gntW rkjs
cUtfis e mwhl th ghUnwh. kw rkjs cUtfis
g cfSF bjkh?
izfu vgJ rkjs cUtf xwhF.
gF
thngh.

izfuij

g,

fltiw

izfu toYs y gugsit vthW fhgJ?

izfuij mj gugsF rkkhd brtfkhf khw Kokh?
izfuij mj gugsF rkkhd U Knfhzfshf khw
Kokh?

izfu tiuaiw
ehF bjdFfis vLJ bfhs. mtiw ir th
o bfhL brtf tUkhW izf (ghf gl 4.26 (i))

134

msitf

gl 4.26
mogf AB I iyahf itJ bfhL D Kidia bkJthf tyw
js, gl 4.26 (ii) fhoa totij bgwyh.
nghJ fltF gyf :
tot iz gffis bgWsjh? xWbfhW izahd
gff vit?
F AB DC izahdit. nkY AD
BC izahdit. iz vgij Ff||
vw Fpil gagLJnwh.
mjhtJ
AB || DC kW AD || BC. (ij AB F iz DC
kW AD F iz BC vd gofyh).

gl 4.27

vdnt, xU ehfu, U vbu gff

izahf Ujh mij izfu vd miHfyh ( gl 4.27 ).

izfu gugs

tiugljh gl 4.28 (i) bfhLJsgo izfu xiw tiua.

gl 4.28
c D UJ mogf AB F xU brFJ nfhL tiuf. mJ AB
bjhL lij E vf.
bghGJ, Knfhz AED I jahf btobaLJ mij kWw,
gl 4.28 (iii) fhoago nrf.

vd tot ilJsJ? brtfkh?
izfu gu bghGJ ilJs brtf gu rkkh?
135

maha

M. izfu gu = cUthfgl brtf gu

h cau

b (= x + y, mogf )

b (= x + y, mogf )

gl 4.29
cUthfgl brtf s izfu mogfF,
brtf mfy izfu cauF rkkhF vgij eh mJ
bfhsyh.
` izfu gugs = brtf gugs
= s mfy
= mogf cau
izfu gugs = bh rJu myFf
F b vgJ izfu mogfij h vgJ cauij
FwJ
` izfu gugs
vgJ mogf (b) kW cau izfu
(h) Mat bgUf gydhF. vgff izahF.
vbu nfhzf rkkhF
F:
izfu
vj vbu gff rkkhF.
gfij
mogfkhf _iylf sf rkky
fUjyh.
v
cUJ _iylf xiwbahW
mgfF
tiuagL
Urk TL.
brFJ bjhiy mj cau
( FJau ) MF.

(i)

ABI mogfkhf bfhL izfu

br.

gl bfhLfgl msfSF

br
.

vLJfhL 4.16
br

gugs fhf.

(ii)

ADI mogfkhf bfhL

izfu gugs fhf.
:
izfu gugs = mogf cau

136

br.

gl 4.30

msitf

(i) ABI mogfkhf bfhL, izfu gugs

= mogf AB cau DE
= 6 br 4 br = 24 br 2
(ii) ADI mogfkhf bfhL, izfu gugs
= mogf AD cau FB
= 5 br. 4.8 br. = 24 br.2
F: F, bfhLfgl
izfu ABI mogfkhf
bfhL fzlgl izfu
gugs,
ADI
mogfkhf
bfhL fzlgl izfu
gugs rkkhF.
` vdnt , i zf u

gl 4.31 I bfhL

izfu gugsF,
Knfhz gugsF
cs bjhlig fhf.

VnjD xU gfij mogfkhf

bfhL, mjnfw cauij
bfhL gugsit fzlyh.
vLJfhL 4.17
mogf 9 br., FJau

5 br. cila izfu x

gugsit fhf.

gl 4.31

b = 9 br., h = 5 br. vd jugLsJ

izfu gugs = b h

= 95
\ izfu gugs = 45 br. 2
vLJfhL 4.18

X izfu gugs 480 br. 2, mogf 24 br. bfhl

izfu FJau vd?

:
gugs = 480 br. 2, mogf b = 24 br. vd jugLsJ.
izfu gugs = 480

b h = 480
24 h = 480
h = 480 = 20 br.

24
` izfu FJau = 20 br..
137

maha

vLJfhL 4.19

X izfu gugs 56 br. 2. mj FJau 7 br. v
izfu mogf vd?

:
gugs = 56 br. 2, FJau h = 7 br. vd jugLsJ.

izfu gugs = 56

b h = 56

b 7 = 56

56

b = 7 = 8 br..
` izfu mogf = 8 br..

vLJfhL 4.20

br.

vw
izfu,
U
gff sf 9 br. kW 5 br..
mogf PQ it bghWJ mj FJau
4 br. (glij ghf) v

br.

PQRS

(i) izfu gugs ahJ?

br.

gl 4.32

(ii) mogf PS I bghWJ mj FJau fhf.

:
(i) izfu gugs = b h
= 9 4
= 36 br. 2
(ii)

mogf PS ( b ) = 5 br., v,
gugs = 36

b h = 36

5 h = 36

h = 36 = 7.2 br..

5
` mogf PS I bghWJ FJau 7.2 br..

J thf:

Rws rkkhf csthW gntW izfufis tiua.

mj izfuf midJ xnu gugsit bfhoUFkh?

138

msitf

g 4.4

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) gugs 300 br. 2, mogf 15 br. bfhl izfu FJau

(B) 15 br.

(C) 20 br.

(D) 30 br.

ii) gugs 800 br. 2, FJau 20 br. bfhl izfu mogf

(A) 20 br.

(B) 30 br.

(C) 40 br.

(D) 50 br.

iii) mogf 20 br., FJau 30 br. bfhl izfu gugs

(A) 300 br. 2

(B) 400 br. 2

(C) 500 br. 2

2. fhQ izfuf gugsfis fhf:

br.

(D) 600 br. 2

br.

br.

br.

(A) 10 br.

br
br.

3. izfuf mogfK, FJauK jugLsd. mt

gugsfis fhf :
(i) b = 14 br., h = 18 br.
(ii) b = 15 br., h = 12 br.
(iii) b = 23 br., h = 10.5 br.
(iv) b = 8.3 br., h = 7 br.

4. xU izfu mogfK, mjnfw FJauK Kiwna 14 br.,
8 br. v izfu gus ahJ?

5. xU isahLl izfu to csJ. mj mogf 324
kw FJau 75 v isahLl gugs vd?

6. gugs 324 r.br., mogf 27 br. bfhl izfu FJau
fhf.

4.6 rhrJu

midJ gffS rkkhf UF X izfu
rhrJu vdgL.

rh rJu mogf b myF vW, mjnfw
FJau h myF vW bfhnth.

rh rJu X izfu vgjh izfuF
gagLa mnj Nuij jF gagLjyh.
` rh rJu gugs = b h r. myFf

139

gl 4.33

maha

rhrJu,

(i) vyh gffS rk

(ii) vbu gff izahF.
(iii) rh rJu _iyl mj rh rJuij U
Knfhzfshf F
(iv) rh rJu _iylf xiwbahW brFjhf
Urk TL.

rh rJu gugsit _iy lf mogil fhz:

rh rJu ABCD , AB || DC kW BC || AD
nkY, AB = BC = CD = DA
_iylf d1 ( AC ) kW d2 ( BD ) vf.
rhrJu _iylf xiwbahW brFjhf
Urk TLtjh
AC = BD kW BD = AC
gl 4.34

rh rJu ABCD gugs

= D ABC gugs + D ADC gugs

= 8 1 # AC # OB B + 8 1 # AC # OD B
2
2
1
=
# AC # ^OB + ODh
=
=
` rhrJu gugs =

2
1 # AC # BD
2
1 # d1 # d2
r. myFf
2
1 6 d1 # d2 @
r. myFf
2
1 (_iylf bgUfgy) r. myFf
2

f kW thf
rJu xU rhrJu MF. Mdh rhrJu xU rJu my.

vLJfhL 4.21
mogf ms 15 br., FJau 10 br. bfhl rhrJu gugs fhf
:
mogf = 15 br., FJau = 10 br. vd jugLsJ.
rh rJu gugs = mogf # FJau

= 15 br. # 10 br.
\ rh rJu gugs = 150 br. 2
140

msitf

vLJfhL 4.22
xU njhl rhrJu to csJ. mj _iylf 18 , 25 .
njhl gugs fhf.

:
d1 = 18 ,

d2 = 25 vd jugLsJ.

rh rJu gugs = 1 # d1 # d2

2
1
= 2 # 18 # 25

` njhl gugs = 225 2

vLJfhL 4.23

rh rJu x gugs 150 r.br.. mj xU _iyl 20 br..
kbwhU _iyl msit fhf.

:
gugs = 150 r.br., xU _iyl d1 = 20 br. vd jugLsJ.

rh rJu gugs = 150

1 # d1 # d2
= 150
2
1 # 20 # d2
= 150
2
10 # d2 = 150

d2 = 15 br.

` kbwhU _iyl ms = 15 br..

vLJfhL 4.24
xU tayhdJ rhrJu to csJ. ta _iyl msf 50,
60. mj taiy rkbra rJu lUF `2 j MF bryit fhf.

:
d1 = 50 , d2 = 60 vd jugLsJ.
ta gugs = 1 # d1 # d2
2
1
= # 50 # 60 r.
2
= 1500 r.

1 r. rkbra MF bry = `2

` 1500 r. rk bra MF bry = `2 1500

= `3000
141

maha

xU brtftot jhid vLj bfhs. mj gff

ikaf fL gl 4.35 fhoago nrf

gl 4.35
Hl gF EFGH xU rhrJukhF. jkhf Hlgl Knfhzfis
btobaLJ rhrJu tUkhW xW nrf.
bghGJ cUtha
rhrJuK, K ilJ rhrJu EFGH xnu khahf Ugij fhzyh.
(gl 4.36 ghf)

gl 4.36
` brtf gugs
rh rJu gugs

= U rhrJu gugs
=
=
=

rh rJu gugs

1 [brtf gugs]
2
1 6 AB # BC @
2
1 6 HF # EG @ [ see Fig. 4.35 ]
2
1 ^d1 # d2h r. myFf.
2

g 4.5
1. rahd ilia njbjLf:
i) rhrJu gugs
(A) d1 # d2
(B) 3 (d1 # d2)
(C) 1 (d1 # d2)
4
2
142

(D) 1 (d1 # d2)

4

msitf

ii) rhrJu
_iylf
UrkTL

(B) 45

(C) 60

vj

nfhz

(D) 90

iii) _iy lf 10 br., 12 br. bfhl xU rhrJu gugs

(A) 30

xiwbahW

(A) 30 br. 2

(B) 60 br. 2

(C) 120 br. 2

(D) 240 br. 2

2. rh rJuf _iyl msf bfhLfgLsd. mt

gugsfis fhf.

i) 15 br., 12 br.
iii) 74 br., 14.5 br.

ii) 13 br., 18.2 br.

iv) 20 br., 12 br.

3. xU rhrJu xU gf ms 8 br., FJau 12 br.. rh rJu

gugs fhf.

4. rhrJu x gugs 4000 r.. mj xU _iyl 100 . kbwhU

_iy l ms fhf.

5. xU ta rhrJu to csJ. mj _iyl msf 70 , 80 .

mj taiy rk bra rJu lUF `3 j MF bryit fhf.

4.7 rtf

xU nrho vgff xWbfhW
izahf mikJs ehfu rtf vdgL.
izgffSF ilna cs bjhiy
rtf cau MF. gl 4.37 AD, BC
izawit. Mdh AB || DC.

gl 4.37

rtf izaw gff rkkhdh

(AD = BC ), mrtfij Urkgf rtf vnwh.
F

+ A = + B ; + C = + D

AC = BD

+ A + + D = 180 ; + B + + C = 180
gl 4.38

rtf gugs

ABCD vw rtf AB, DC Mait izgffshF.

mt sf Kiwna a, b vf. U iz gffSF ilna cs
bjhiyit h vngh. _iyl BD MdJ rtfij ABD, BCD vw U
Knfhzfshf wJ.

143

maha

rtf gugs

= D ABD gugs + D BCD gugs

= 1 # AB # h + 1 # DC # h

2
2

= 1 # h6 AB + DC @
2
1

=
# h 6 a + b @ r. myFf
2
gl 4.39
1
` rtf gugs = 2 # cau # (izgff TLj) r. myFf

vLJfhL 4.25
xU rtf izgff msf 12 br., 8 br.
mtilna cs brFJ bjhiy 10 br.. rtf gugs fhf.

:
h = 10 br., a = 12 br., b = 8 br. vd jugLsJ.
1
rtf gugs = 2 # h^a + bh
1
= 2 # 10 # ^12 + 8h = 5 # ^20h

\ rtf gugs = 100 r. br.

vLJfhL 4.26
xU rtf gugs 100 r.br., izgff s 15 br.,

10 br. v izgffSF ilna cs bjhiyit fhf.

:
a = 15 br., b = 10 br., gugs = 100 r.br. vd jugLsJ.

rtf gugs
1 h^ a + bh

2
1 # h # ^15 + 10h

2
h # 25

= 100
= 100
= 100
= 200
200

h = 25 = 8

` izgffSF ilna cs bjhiy = 8 br..

vLJfhL 4.27

xU rtf gugs 102 r.br. , brFJ bjhiy 12 br..
rtf izgff xU gf s 8 br. v kbwhU gf
sbkd?
144

msitf

:
gugs = 102 br. 2, h = 12 br., a = 8 br. vd jugLsJ.
rtf gugs = 102
1 h^ a + bh
= 102
2
1 # 12 # ^8 + bh = 102
2

6 (8 + b) = 102
& b = 17 8 = 9

8 + b = 17

` izgff kbwhU gf s = 9 br.

fhj ko Kiw:
mil jh VnjD xU ms ABCD vw rtf tiuJ, mij
jna bto vLJ bfhs. DC MdJ AB J bghUJkhW eL
kof EF ilF.

gl 4.40

EF MdJ rtfij gl 4.40 (ii) csgo U gFfshf wJ.

EFF brFjhf

DUJ

DGI tiua. ilF _W

gFfis jjahf btobaLf.

gl 4.40 (iii) fhoa go tir gLj brtf ilF. mj s
1
AB + CD = a + b kW mfy = 1 (rtf cau) = 2 h
2

145

maha

` rt gugs = brtf gugs (gl 4.40 (iii) fhoago)

= s # mfy

1
= ^a + bh` 2 hj

= 2 h^a + bh r. myFf

g 4.6

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) rtf gugs ____________ r. myFf
1

(A) h^a + bh
(B) 2 h (a + b)
(C) h^a - bh
(D) 1 h (a b)
2
ii) U rkgf rtf v rtf

(A) izaw gff rk (B) izahd gff rk

(C) cau = mogf

(D) izgff = izaw gff
iii) xU rtf izgff TLj 18 br., FJau 15 br.
v mj gugs

(A) 105 br. 2

(B) 115 br. 2
(C) 125 br. 2
(D) 135 br. 2
iv) izgff TLj 20 br. Mf bfhl rtf gugs
80 br. 2 v mj FJau.

(A) 2 br.
(B) 4 br.
(C) 6 br.
(D) 8 br.
rtff izgffSF ilna cs bjhiyfS ( cau),
izgffS nH jugLsd. mt gugsfis fhf:
i) cau = 10 br., izgff = 4 br. , 6 br.
ii) cau = 11 br., izgff = 7.5 br. , 4.5 br.
iii) cau = 14 br., izgff = 8 br. , 3.5 br.

2.

3. xU rtf gugs 88 br.2, brFJ bjhiy (cau) 8 br..

rtf izgff xU gf s 10 br. v kbwhU
gf sij fhf.

4. xU njhlkhdJ rtf to csJ. mj izgff

40 , 3 0 . izgffSF ilna cs bjhiy 25 . njhl
gugs fhf.

5. xU rtf gugs 960 br.2. mj izgff 40 br.,

60 br. v mtilna cs bjhiyit fhf.

4.8 tl

e mwhl thif rfuf, ehzaf, tisaf, uhrj
uhoz, fbgh tLf (CD) nghw gy bghUfis ghUnwh.

mit vj tot csd?

tl tot, tl tot, tltot.

146

msitf
M, tl tot jh. fj mij
tl vd TWnwh. bghGJ tl
tiutjF Ka brnth.
VnjD
xU
sKila
id
vLJbfhL gl fhoago mj
xU Kidia O vw bghUj.
kWKid bg (myJ rhF fo)
bghU bjh VglhjthW GJ A vw
itf.

efU

iyahd

gl 4.41

bjh Vglhk A UJ bgiy ef bfhnl tu.

kWKiw bg A tUnghJ eftij Wl, bghGJ bgyh
VgLjgl ghijia ftf.
bgyh VgLjgl ghijahdJ tlkh? nenfhlh?
`tl
M, bfhLfgl rkjs J, xU iyahd UJ rku
efU ghij xU tl vdgL.

tl ghff

iyahd tl ika vdgL. iyahd F, efU

F ilna cs khwhj u Mu vdgL.
mjhtJ tl ikaij xU Kidahf
tl nkYs VnjD xU ia kbwhU
Kidahf bfhl nfhLJL Mu MF.
Mu r vd FfgL.
tl nkYs VnjD U fis
l
nrF nfhLJL eh vdgL.
eh
tl ika tahf brY eh
l vdgL. l d vd FfgL.
gl 4.42
f skhd eh lkhF. ( mjhtJ d = 2r )
tlij U rkghffshf l wJ. xbthU ghfK miutl
vdgL.

f:
xU tl vjid
lfis
bfhoUF.

xU tl csMuf
xnu msthdit

tl g:
clg nkbfhS xUt tlghij UKiw XLwh. mt
Xoa bkhj uij cfsh fzl Kokh?
ghijahdJ tl totkhf Ugjh mj uij msf eh l
147

maha

msitia ( msnfh) gagLj KoahJ.

eh vd brayh?
xU %gh ehzaij vLJ bfhs.
ehzaij xU jh itJ mij R viy
nfhL tiuJ, wF ehzaij jhUJ
vLJl. viy nfho, gl 4.44
fhoago A vw ia Ff.

gl 4.43

xU id vLJ xU Kidia A
itf. viy nfho J yhdJ rahf
bghUJkhW mikf, yhdJ kWKiw Ait
bjhLnghJ id fjf. mJ jh
kWKidahF.
snk ehza gahF.
vdnt, tlij xU Kiw R tU u
tl g vdgL. g C vd FfgL.
mjhtJ tl Rwsnt gahF.

gl 4.44

rh_o myJ tltotkhd VnjD xU bghUis vLJ

bfhL mj gia fhz. Kojh tl gF,
tl lFKs bjhlig fL of.

xU tl gF, lF ilna cs bjhl

3.5 br., 7 br., 5 br., 10.5 br. Mu bfhl ehF tlfis
(Ma Jiz bfhL) tiua. lij msnfh bfhL, gia
Jizl gl 4.45 fhoago fhz.
g

14 br.

7 br.
l

gl 4.45

148

msitf
mtiw mltiz 4.1 L, gF lFKs
jij fzl.
tl

Mu

l
(d )

g
(C)

C
j ` d j

3.5 br.

7 br.

22 br.

22
7 = 3.14

7 br.

14 br.

44 br.

44 = 22
14
7 = 3.14

5 br.

10 br.

----

----

10.5 br.

21 br.

----

----

mltiz 4.1
nkfl mltizUJ vd bjJ bfhlh?
C
j ` d j njhuhakhf rkkhf csjh?
M!
C
& C = ^3.14h d
d = 3.14
vdnt, tl gahdJ l _W klifl vnghJ
mfkhF vd Twyhkh?
M!
C
vyh tifY d k xU khahF. j khia r vw
22
nuf vGjh Fnwh (ij ig vd gof). j njhuha k 7
myJ 3.14 MF. vdnt,
C r &
C = rd myFf
d =
F d vgJ tl lkhF.
tl l Mu UklfhF vd ekF bj. mjhtJ d = 2r .
vdnt, nkfl NuUJ, C = rd = r^2r h & C = 2rr myFf.

r kig gntW fj mPf fzLsd.

22
ghnyhaf : r = 3
nuff: r = 7 myJ 3.14
Mbko : 3 1 < r < 3 10
Maglh : r = 62838 myJ 3.1416
2000
7
71
22
bghGJ r =
(m) 3.14 vw kig gagLJnth.
7
149

maha

vLJfhL 4.28
21 br.. lkhf bfhl tl Rws fhf.
:
l jugLsjh,

tl Rws = rd
22
= 7 # 21

= 66 br..

F r = 22
7

vLJfhL 4.29
3.5 Mukhf bfhl tl Rwsit fhf.
:
Mu jugLsjh,

tl Rws = 2rr
22
= 2 # 7 # 3.5
= 2 22 0.5
= 22

vLJfhL 4.30
88 br. sKs xU f xU tlkhf tisfgLwJ. tl Mu
fhf.

f s = 88 br.
tl Rws = f s
2rr = 88
2 # 22 # r = 88
7
88 # 7
r = 2 # 22 = 14 br.

` tl Mu 14 br. MF.

vLJfhL 4.31
xU to rfu l 63 br.. mJ 20 RWf Rdh flF
bjhiyit fhf.

:
rfu xU KG RW Rdh,

xU KG R flF bjhiy = rfu Rws

` rfu Rws = rd myFf
150

msitf
22

= 7 # 63
= 198 br.
xU KG RW Rdh flF bjhiy = 198 br.

` 20 KG RW Rdh flF bjhiy = 20 198

= 3960 br.
= 39 60 br. [100 br. = 1 ]
vLJfhL 4.32
8800 br.. bjhiy flf nkhlh to rfu 50 RWf
RWwJ. mrfu Mu vd?

:
flF bjhiy = RWf vif # Rws
flF bjhiy
Rws =
RWf vif

8800
50

2rr =

i.e., 2rr = 176

2 # 22 # r = 176
7
176 # 7
r = 2 # 22

r = 28 br.

` rfu Mu = 28 br..

vLJfhL 4.33
khLto rfu Mu 70 br. mJ 132 bjhiy fljh rfu
vjid KGRWf RUF?

:
r = 70 br., flj bjhiy = 132 vd jugLsJ.

` to rfu Rws = 2rr

22
= 2 # 7 # 70
= 440 br.

flj bjhiy = RWf vif # Rws

flj bjhiy
Rws
= 132
440 br.

` RWf vif =

151

maha

4
= 13200 br. (1 = 100 br., 132 = 13200 br.)

440 br.

= 30

` RWf vif = 30.

vLJfhL 4.34
xU ta bt Rws 44 . ta bt ika mofgLs
Kid JfW bfhL xU gRkhL flgLsJ. tabt KGtJ
gRkhL nka Kokhdh gRkhL flgLs J f sbkd?

:
Jf s = tl Mu

Rws = 44 (jugLsJ)
mjhtJ, 2rr = 44

2 # 22 # r = 44
7
44 # 7
` r = 2 # 22 = 7

` gRkhL flgLs Jf s 7 .

gl 4.46

vLJfhL 4.35
tl tot njhl Mu 56 . mnjhlF ntnghl lUF
`10 j MF bry vts?

:
nt s = tl tot njhl Rws
njhl Rws = 2rr

= 2 # 22 # 56 = 352

7
nt s = 352

1 nt nghl MF bry = `10

` 352 nt nghl MF bry = `10 # 352

= `3520

` ntnghl MF bkhj bry `3520.

vLJfhL 4.36
xU tltot fhF ntnghl xU lUF `5 j MF bry
`1100. fh Mubkd?

152

msitf

:
ntnghl MF bry = Rws # j
` Rws = ntnghl MF bry
j
1100
mjhtJ 2rr = 5
2rr = 220
` 2 # 22 # r = 220
7
220 # 7
r = 2 # 22

= 35

` fh Mu = 35 .

braghL - tltot toa gyif

rJu toyhd gyifia vLJ bfhL m tl
tiua.
tl Rws Mfis mof (glij ghf)
ug ng cjl gyjkhd lf, ehf,
Muf Matiw mikJ mt bjhlig
xl.

g 4.7

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) tl ikaij, tl nkYs VnjD xU ia nrF

nfhL Jo bga

(A) l

(B) Mu

(C) eh

(D) xWiy

ii) tl nkYs VnjD U fis nrF nfhLJo bga

(A) l

(B) Mu

(C) eh

(D) xWiy

iii) tl ika tahf brY eh bga

(A) l

(B) Mu

(C) eh

(D) xWiy

iv) tl l 1 v mj Mu

(A) 100 br.

(B) 50 br.

(C) 20 br.

(D) 10 br.

v) 14 br. Mukhf bfhl tl Rws

(A) 22 br.

(B) 44 br.

(C) 66 br.

153

(D) 88 br.

maha

2. tU mltiz nfhol lfis uf.

Mu ( r )

l ( d )

Rws (c)

(i)

35 br.

-----

-----

(ii)

-----

56 br.

-----

(iii)

-----

-----

30.8 br.

3. fl l msf bfhl tlf Rws fhf.:

(i) 35 br.

(ii) 84 br.

(iii) 119 br.

(iv) 147 br.

4. fl Mu msf bfhl tlf Rws fhf.

(i) 12.6 br.

(ii) 63 br.

(iii) 1.4

(iv) 4.2

5. fl Rwsfis bfhl tlf Mufis fhf.

(i) 110 br.

(ii) 132 br.

(iii) 4.4

(iv) 11

6. to rfu l 2.1 . mJ 100 RWf Rdh flF

bjhiyit fhf.
7. tl tot fh l 98 . fhit R nt mikf lUF
`4 j MF bryit fhf.
8. xU kG rfu 66 bjhiy flf 20 RWf Rdh
mrfu l fhf.
9. xU to rfu Mu 35 br. mJ 81.4 bjhiy flf rfu
vjid Kiw RUF?

tl gugs
fltiw fUJf.

70 Mu bfhl xU tl toyhd taiy

trh rk brwh. mij rkbra mtUF
MF bry vd?

tl gah
milgL gF
tlgFahF.

1.5 Mukhf bfhl tltot nkir nkghf njJ, gsgsghf

khw MF bry vts?
bryfis vgo fLogJ?
j bryfis fLof, vij cik fla ntL?
gugsthmyJ Rwsth?
gugs, gugs, gugs.
M, ij nghw neuf eh tlgF gugsit fhgJ
mtakhwJ.
Jtiu, nenfhLfsh Md Knfhzf, ehfuf Mat
gugsfis fhQ Kiwfis bjJ bfhnlh. Mdh tl vgJ kw
js cUtfis ngh myhk tisnfhLfsh MdJ.
154

msitf
vdnt tlij nenfhLfsh Md cUtkhf kh, gugs fhz eh
ntbwhU a tia fhz ntosJ.
xU sfgl milia (Chart) vLJbfhL tl tiuf. tlij
fjJ jahf vLJ bfhf. tlgF gh msit HLf. wF gl

4.48 fhoago tlij 8 fshf J, jahf btobaLf.

gl 4.48

btobaLfgl fis flthW tir gLj.

gl 4.49
nghJ ilUF cUtbkd?

j 8 fS njhuhakhf xU izfuij mikJsd.

ijnghy tlgFia 64 fshf J, btobaLJ,
tirgLj, xU brtf miktij fhzyh (ghf gl 4.50).

gl 4.50
j brtf mfybkd?
tl Mu brtf mfykhwJ.

155

maha

mjhtJ

mfy b = r

..... (1)

j brtf sbkd?
bkhj tl gFia 64 fshf gjh brtf xbthU
sK 32 fis bfhljhwJ. vdnt brtf s 32 f
skhF. j 32 f s tlg ghahF.
1
` s l = 2 [tl Rws]
1
= 2 62rr @ = rr
` l = rr

..... (2)

tl gugs = brtf gugs (gl 4.50 UJ)

= l # b
= (rr) # r

((1), (2) UJ)

= rr2 r. myFf

2
` tl gugs = rr r. myFf

vLJfhL 4.37
14 br. lkhf bfhl tl gugs fhf.
:
l d = 14 br.
d
14
vdnt,
Mu r = 2 = 2 = 7 br.
2
tl gugs = rr

22
= 7 # 7 # 7

= 154 r. br.

` tl gugs = 154 r. br.

vLJfhL 4.38
ta mofgLs fil 3.5 s bfhl J fW bfhL
ML flgLsJ. ML nkaToa mfgr gF gugsit fhf.

:
tl Mu = J f s
7
` Mu r = 3.5 = 2

MLnka Toa mfgr gF

gugs = rr2 r. myFf

156

gl 4.51

msitf

= 22 # 7 # 7

7
2 2
= 77 = 38.5 r. myFf
2
` ML nkaToa mfgr gF gugs 38.5 r. myFf.

vLJfhL 4.39
tl tot fh Rws 176 . fh gugs fhf.

Rws
2rr
2 # 22 # r
7
r

= 176 (jugLsJ)
= 176
= 176
= 176 # 7

44
` r = 28

2
fh gugs = rr
= 22 # 28 # 28
7
= 22 # 4 # 28

= 2464 r..
vLJfhL 4.40
xU bt f tisfgL rJukhf khW nghJ, mjdh milgL
gF gugs 12 r.br.. mnj btf tlkhf tisfgLwJ v
tl gugs vd?

:
rJu gf a vf.

rJu gugs = 121 r. br.. (jugLsJ)

a2 = 121 & a = 11 br.

rJu Rws = 4a myFf

= 4 # 11 br.
= 44 br.

f s = rJu Rws

= 44 br.
fahdJ tlkhf tisfgLwJ.

tl Rws = f s
` tl Rws = 44 br.
2rr = 44
157

(11 # 11 = 121)

maha

4
` 2 # 22 # r = 44
7
44 # 7
r = 44

r = 7 br.

` tl gugs = rr2
= 22 7 br. 7 br.
7

tl gugs = 154 br.2.

vLJfhL 4.41
tltot kidia xUt gJ Kiw RWwh. mt flj bkhj
bjhiy 352 vd fzlgLwJ. kid gugs fhf.

10 Kiw R flF bjhiy = 352

352
U Kiw R flF bjhiy = 10 = 35.2
x
tl tot kid Rws = xU Kiw R flF bjhiy
` Rws = 35.2

2rr = 35.2

22
2#
# r = 35.2

7
35.2 # 7
r =

44
= 0.8 # 7
= 5.6

2
tl tot kid gugs = rr

22

= 7 # 5.6 # 5.6
= 22 # 0.8 # 5.6
= 98.56 r.
` tl tot kid gugs = 98.56 r.
vLJfhL 4.42
37 br. sK, 29 br. mfyK cila brtf tot fahdJ tl
totkhf kh mikfgLwJ. tl Mu kW gugsit fhf.
:

f s = brtf fws

= 2 [ s + mfy]
= 2 [37 br. + 29 br.] = 2 # 66 br.
= 132 br..
158

msitf
fahdJ tlkhf khwgLwJ vgjh,

tl Rws = f s

` tl Rws = 132

2rr = 132

2 # 22 # r = 132
7
132 # 7
r = 44
= 21

` tl Mu = 21 br.

2
tl gugs = rr

22
= 7 # 21 # 21 = 22 # 3 # 21
` tl gugs = 1386 r. br..

g 4.8

1. fhQ l msf bfl tlf gugsfis fhf.

(i) 7 br. (ii) 10.5 br. (iii) 4.9
(iv) 6.3 ( r = 22 vd bfhf)
7

2. fhQMu msf bfhl tlf gugsfis fhf
(i) 1.2 br. (ii) 14 br. (iii) 4.2
(iv) 5.6 ( r = 22 vd bfhf)
7

3. tl tot kid l 28 . kidia rkbra xU r. lUF `3
j MF bryit fhf.

4. bt cs xU fil ML xW 7 sKs fwh

flgLwJ. mJ nk mfgr gF gugsit fhf.

5. xU tlK, xU rJuK 88 I Rwsthf bfhLsd. vJ mf

gugsit bfhoUF?

6. xU rfu 2200 bjhiyit flf 100 RWf RWwJ. rfu

gugsit fhf.

7. xU f 28 br. MuJl tl to csJ. fahdJ tisfgL

rJukhf khwgLwJ. rJu Rws tl Rws rk v
rJu gugs fhf.

8. tltot kid gugs 3850 r. . kid Muijfhf. mjF

ntnghl lUF `10 j MF bryit fhf.

4.9 ghijt gugs

e mwhl thif eilg nkbfhS lfshf fh,
isahLl, r Fs Ra gF nghwit csd.

fh cs ghijia tiugl _y cfsh tiua Kokh?

159

maha

it nghw ghijf gugsit fhzKo vwJ Mdj
kilJlh?

brtf tot r Fs cs ghijia, nghnlh nu
Hglij Rs gFia bjhl gLj Kokh?

it nghw vLJfhLfis cfsh f Kowjh?

gF

Matiw fhQ Kiwfis mJ bfhnth.

brtf ghij gugs

tl ghij gugs

brtf ghij gugs

(m) brtfij R btw mik uhd ghij
brtf tot folij fUJf.
mij R xU uhd gh mikfgLwJ.
gh gugsit vthW fhgJ?
uhd gh folK nrJ nkY
xU brtf totij clhF. ij bt
brtf vngh. folij cbrtf
vngh.
fol s, mfyf Kiwna l , b

fol

gl 4.52

vf.
` c brtf gu = l b r. myFf.
gh mfyij w vngh.
bt
vd?

brtf

s,

mfyf

gl 4.53

btbrtf s (L) = w + l + w = ^l + 2wh myFf

btbrtf mfy (B) = w + b + w = ^b + 2wh myFf

` bt brtf gugs = L # B

= ^l + 2wh^b + 2wh r.myFf
bghGJ, gh gugs vd?
rahf brhtbjwh, gh gugs vgJ U brtffSF
ilna cs ghijahF.
` gh gugs = (folK, gh nrj gugs)

160

(fol gugs)

msitf
bghJthf,
ghij gugs = (bt brtf gugs) (c brtf gugs)
mjhtJ, ghij gugs = (l + 2w) (b + 2w) lb.

vLJfhL 4.43
bt brtf gugs 360 r., c brtf gugs 280 r..
uhd ghij U brtffSF il csJ. ghij gugs vd?

:
ghij gugs = (btbrtf gugs) (c brtf gugs)

= (360 280)
= 80
` ghij gugs = 80 2
vLJfhL 4.44
xU brtf tot fol s 20 ,mfy 10 . folij R
btwkhf 1 mfKs ghij mikfgLsJ. ghij gugs fhf.

:
c brtf
( bfhLfgLsJ)
l = 20
b = 10

gugs = l b
gugs = 20 10

= 200 2

btbrtf
mfy, w

=1

L = l + 2w

= 20 + 2 = 22

B = b + 2w

= 10 + 2 = 12
gugs = (l + 2w) (b + 2w)
gugs = 22 # 12
= 264 2

ghij gugs = (bt brtf gugs) (c brtf gugs)

= ( 264 200 ) 2 = 64 2

` ghij gugs = 64 2
xU g cs fiy Tl
s 45 , mfy 27 . fiy TlijR
btwkhf 3 mfyKs jhthu csJ.
jhthu gugs vd? mjhthu
XL gf 1 r. lUF `100 j MF bry
fhf.
161

vLJfhL 4.45

gl 4.54

maha

:
c brtf
( bfhLfgLsJ)
l
b
gugs

= 45
= 27
= 45 # 27
= 1215 2

btbrtf
mfy,

w = 3
L = l + 2w

= 45 + 6 = 51
B = b + 2w
= 27 + 6 = 33
gugs = 51 # 33

= 1683 2

(i) jhthu gugs = (btbrtf gugs)

(c brtf gugs)
= (1683 1215) 2
= 468 2
` jhthu gugs = 468 2 (myJ) 468 r..
(ii)

1 r. lUF XLgf MF bry = `100

468 r. lUF XLgf MF bry = `100 # 468
= `46,800
` jhthu XL gf MF bry = `46,800

(M) brtf cw mik uhd ghij

brtf tot ikjhd eL xU rFs csJ. mr
Fsij R jiu mikf uhd mfyKs ghij csJ.

ghij gugs, jiu mikf

1 r. myFF MF jK bjjh
jiu mikf MF bryit
ekh fhz aY.

r Fs

F, brtftot ikjhd
bt brtfkhF. j s l ,
mfy b .
gl 4.55

162

jiu

r FsF btwKs ghij ntagLwJ v nta

MF bryit vgo fhgJ ?

msitf
` ikjhd gugs (bt brtf) = l b myFf.
w vgJ ghij mfybk (jiu), r Fs s, mfybkd?

r Fs s = l - w - w
= l - 2w

r Fs mfy = b - w - w

= b - 2w
` r Fs gugs (c brtf) = ^l - 2wh^b - 2wh r. myFf
jiu gugs = ikjhd gugs r Fs gugs
bghJthf,
ghij gugs = (btbrtf gugs) (c brtf gugs)
= lb (l 2w) (b 2w)

vLJfhL 4.46

8 sK, 5 mfyK bfhl xU

gl 4.56

bt brtf
( bfhLfgLsJ)
l

b
gugs

miw cwkhf uhd t tz

ghij 0.5 mfy rgLwJ. t
tz ghij gugs fhf..

c brtf

=8
=5
=8# 5
= 40 2

mfy, w = 0.5

L = l - 2w

= (8 1) = 7

B = b - 2w

= (5 1) = 4
gugs = 7 4

= 28 2

ghij gugs = (bt brtf gugs)

= (40 28) 2
= 12 2
` t tz ghij gugs = 12 2

163

(c brtf gugs)

maha

vLJfhL 4.47
xU jiu msf 3 # 2 . jiu midJ
gffUJ 0.25 mfy bfhl uhd gil xW btobaLfgLwJ.
jKs jiu gugs fhf. nkY, btobaLfgl gil
gugs vd?

:
btbrtf
(jiuUJ uhd
gil
btobaLgjF K)
l = 3
b = 2
gugs
= 3 # 2

=62

c brtf
( jiu UJ
uhd gil btovLj wF)
mfy, w = 0.25
L = l - 2w = (3 0.5)

B

gugs

= 2.5
= b - 2w = (2 0.5)
= 1.5
= 2.5 # 1.5

= 3.75 2

jiuUJ uhd gil btobaLj wF mj gugs = 3.75 2

btobaLfgl uhd gil gugs = (jiu gugs)

(jKs gF gugs)
= (6 3.75) 2
= 2.25 2

g 4.9

F: c brtf s, mfyf
bfhLfglh, bt brtf s, mfyf
w vgJ uhd
Kiwna l + 2w , b + 2w MF. F
ghij mfykhF.
brtf
s,
mfyf

bt
bfhLfglh, c brtf s, mfyf
Kiwna l - 2w , b - 2w MF.

` btobaLfgl gil gugs = 2.25 2

gl 4.57

1. 60 # 40 mss isahL ikjhd midJ gffS 3

gLj gLwJ. gLjgl gF gugs vd?

164

msitf

2. brtf to cs xU g isahL l s 80 , mfy

60 . mij R 2 mfy uhd bk ghij mikfgLwJ.
bk ghij xU rJu lUF `20 j mikf MF bryit
fhf.

3. brtf totKs xU njhl msf 30 # 20 . njhlij

R btw 1.5 mfy xU uhd ghij rJu lUF `10
j mikfgLwJ. bkhj bry vts?

4. 50 br. sK 30 br. mfyK bfhl xU tiugljh gl xW

tiuagLwJ. mj midJ gffY 2.5 br. mfy Xu
lgLwJ. Xu lgl gF gugs fhf.

5. brtf tot tunt miw s 10 . mfy 7 . RtUJ

cwkhf 1 midJ gffY lgL miw eL jiu
nghlgLwJ. jiu gugs fhf. nkY, jiugh
_lglhj gF gugs fhf.

6. rlf bghUjgl xU H gl btw s, mfyf Kiwna

80 br., 50 br. MF. mfy 3 br. bfhl rlf Hglij
RY csd. Hgl bja Toa gF gugs vd?

tlghij
bghJika tlf
xU rkjs xU ia bghJ ikakhf bfhL
btntW Mu msf tiuaggl tlf bghJika
tlf vdgLwd.

tlghij

tl tot fh eil gfhf uhd mfy
bfhl ghij xW nghl goUF.

gl 4.58

mghij gugsit cfsh fLof Kokh?

Ko. U bghJika tlfSF ilgl gugsnt
ghij gugsthF. gl 4.59 O MdJ uL
tlfSF bghJ ika MF. bttl Mu R, c tl
Mu r vf.
gl 4.59

Hlgl gF tltiya myJ tlghij
vnwh. mjhtJ, uL bghJika tlfSF ilgl gF
tlghijahF.
tlghij mfy, w = R r myFf

mjhtJ w = R r & R = w + r myFf
r = R w myFf.

165

maha

tlghij gugs = ( bttl gugs) - ( c tl gugs)

= rR2 - rr2
= r^ R2 - r2h r. myFf
` tlghij gugs = r^ R2 - r2h r. myFf
= r^ R + r h^ R - r h r. myFf
vLJfhL 4.48
mLUF gl U bghJika tlfis fhLwJ. bttl
Mu 14 br., c tlMu 7 br. v,
(i) bttl gugs fhf.
(ii) ctl gugs fhf.
(iii) U tlfSF il cs Hl gF
gugs fhf.
gl 4.60

:
i) bttl

ii) ctl

R = 14

r = 7
2
2
gugs = rr
gugs = rR
22
22
= 7 # 14 # 14 = 7 # 7 # 7
= 22 # 28 = 22 # 7

= 616 br.2

= 154 br.2

iii) Hl gF gugs
= (bt tl gugs) (c tl gugs)
= (616 154) br.2 =

462 br.2

vLJfhL 4.49
5 br. MuKs tltot jhUJ, 3 br. MuKs bghJika tl
btobaLfgLwJ. jKs jh gugs fhf. ( r = 3.14 vd bfhf.)

:
R = 5 br., r = 3 br. vd jugLsJ.
jKs jh gugs = r^ R2 - r2h
= 3.14 (52 32)
= 3.14 (25 9)
= 3.14 16
= 50.24 br.2
166

msitf
khWKiw:
bttl

R
gugs

ctl

= 5 br.
= rR2 r.myFf
= 3.14 # 5 # 5
= 3.14 # 25
= 78.5 br.2

r
gugs

= 3 br.
= rr2 r.myFf
= 3.14 # 3 # 3
= 3.14 # 9
= 28.26 br.2

jKs jh gugs = ( bttl gugs) - ( ctl gugs)

= (78.5 28.26) br.2
= 50.24 br.2
` jKs jh gugs = 50.24 br.2

vLJfhL 4.50
tltot

njhl

gugs

5002. Mu 12 bfhl tlgF kLnk

ghR
wbfhl
fUahdJ
njhl
ika
bghUjgLsJ.
njhl KGikF fUahdJ ghRkh?
( r = 3.14 vd bfhf)

gl 4.60

:
njhl gugs = 500 2 vd jugLsJ.

fUahdJ, ghR gF gugs

2
= rr

= 3.14 # 12 # 12

= 3.14 # 144

= 452 .16 2

njhl gugsit l ghR gF gugs Fiwthf

Ugjh fUahdJ njhl KGikF ghrhJ.

vLJfhL 4.51
50 Mukhf bfhl tl tot fh btw 2 mfy
rkuhd tlghij mikfgLwJ. mghijia rkbra xU rJu
lUF `5 j MF bryit fhf ( r = 3.14 vd bfhf).

167

maha

:
r = 50 , w = 2 , R = r + w = 50 + 2 = 52
tlghij gugs = r^ R + r h^ R - r h

= 3.14 # ^52 + 50h^52 - 50h

= 3.14 # 102 # 2
= 3.14 # 204

gl 4.61

= 640.56 2
1 rJu ghijia rkgLj MF bry = `5

640.56 rJu ghijia rkgLj MF bry = `5 # 640.56

= `3202.80
` tlghijia rk bra MF bry = `3202.80

g 4.10
1. tltotKs ijauF x mogf Mu 50 . bghJ
ikaUJ 20 uF fiyPf fia nkbfhs
tl tiya itfgLsJ. ghitahfSF xJfgl l
( r = 3.14 vd bfhf).
gugs fhf.
2. 30 Mu bfhl tl tabt viyUJ cwkhf 3
mfy tlghij mikfgLwJ. tl ghij gugs fhf.
( r = 3.14 vd bfhf)
3. tl tiya cnyhf c tl Mu 7 br., bt tl Mu 10.5
br.. xU rJu l cnyhfJF `5 j brythdh, 25 tiya bra
MF bryit fhf.
4. 3 Mu bfhl tltot ziw R 1.5 mfy bfhl uhd
nkil mikfgLwJ. nkil gugs fhf. ( r = 3.14 vd
bfhf)
5. 56 MuKila tltot fh btw 2.5 mfyKila
uhd tlghij mikfgLwJ. ghijia rk bra r. lUF `5
j MF bryit fhf. ( r = 3.14 vd bfhf)

168

msitf

id bfhf!

cau

gl

mogf

gugs

Nu

1 mogf cau
2

1 b h r. myFf
2

1 _iyl
2
(vgfUJ
_iylF
tiuagL
brFJ uf
TLj)

1 d (h + h )
1
2
2
r. myFf

mogf mjnfw
FJau

bh r. myFf

Knfhz

ehfu

izfu

1 _iylf
2
bgUf gy
rhrJu

169

1 d d
1
2
2
r. myFf

maha

1 cau
2
izgff
TLj

1 h (a + b)
2
r. myFf

tl Rws =
2 r Mu

2 r r myFf

rtf

tl gugs =
r Mu Mu

r r2 r. myFf

tl

i) brtfghij
gugs

ii) tlghij
gugs =
bttl gugs
- ctl gugs
tl ghij

170

bt brtf
gugs c brtf
gugs

r (R 2 r2)
r. myFf
(myJ)
r (R + r) (R r)
r. myFf

toa
toa vgJ fj xU MF. J toa cUtf
gntWgl gfis bjJ bfhs gagLwJ. nuf bkh ``toa
vgjF `` msL vw bghUshF. toayhdJ bghUf cUt
, ms, iy kW w toa gfisg bjJ bfhs cjwJ.
bt, folfiy, tiufiy kW bgha Ma Jiwf toa
gF bgUks cgnahf csJ.

5.1. ghit
toa mogil TWf:
KtFf toa (toa) mogil TWf ytiw eh
goUnwh. mtiw nghJ id Tnth.

Tikahd xU bgyh itfgL xU milahs rhjhuzkhf

vd FfgLwJ xU F s,
mfy jok VJiy Mdh iy csJ.
A, B, C, D ... vw My bga vGJfsh
FfgLwJ. gl A, B, C, D vgd
f

nfhL

gl 5.1
nfhL vgJ xU efU
ghijahF. bg Kidia xU jh itJ efJ bghGJ clhF
ghij xU nfhL MF. nfhoF s
cL Mdh mfy ilahJ. nfhL
AB-I AB vW vGjyh. xU nfhoid
l, m, n, vw My vGJfsh
Ffyh. eh mij nfhL l, nfhL m,
gl 5.2
nfhL n vW gofyh. xU nfhL
uL gffY Koyhk brYtjh mjF Kof ilahJ.

f
xU fUF Jtf cL
Jtfia iyahd vdyh.

Mdh

Ko

F OA vgJ f mij OA vd vGjyh. mjhtJ

f O UJ s A tahf brwJ.

171

ilahJ.

gl 5.3

maha

nfhLJL
AB vgJ xU nenfhL vf. mj nenfho J C,D vw fis
vLJbfhf. AB xU gF CD MF. CD I xU nfhLJL vd Twyh
jid CD vW vGJt. xU nfhLJoF uL
gl 5.4
Kof csd.

js
js vgJ vyh gffY Koyhk brY xU rkgughF.
nkir nkgu, fUgyif, Rtf Mait jsF cjhuzfshF.

5.2. rkjik
rk jik vgJ toa TWf KakhdJ. J bghJthf
aif fhzgLwJ kW e mwhl thifY cgnahf csJ.
tiufiy, cgahsf , tiugljahghsf folJiwahsf, kW
gy rk jikf fUij cgnahfgLJwhf. njTL, f,
ku iyf, ifFil, ghuf rk totij bfhLsd.

gl 5.5
xU bghU U miughff xnwhblhW cUt kW ms
rahf bghUdh mJ rk jik vd TwgLwJ. eh xU glij
uL ghahf koF bghGJ uL miugF-lJ gh kW tyJ
gh xnwhblhW bghUdh mglid
rk jik bfhlJ vd Twyh
cjhuzkhf xU Mis U rkghffshf
btodh, mU ghffS rkuhf UF.

Muh cs
jh{khAh rk jik
bgWs idd

gl 5.6

172

toa

tzJ rk jikF kW xU vLJfhlhF.
tzJ cl eLnt xU nfhL tiujh, mj UghfK rkkhf
njhW.

gl 5.7
gytifahd rk jikf csd.
jikfis g fhngh.

1. rk nfhL myJ rk mR
2. Mo rk jik

3. RH rk jik

mtW fl rk

1. rk nfhL
gl 5.8 l nfhL glij uL rkghffshf wJ.
glij mjnfhLl kojh xU gFahdJ kbwhU gFl rahf
xnwhblhW bghUJ. j lnfhil rk nfhL vnwh.
bfhLfgl gl css nfhlhdJ U rk gFfshf J lJgh
tyJghnahL rahf bghUJkhmnfhL
rknfhL myJ rk mR vdgL.

braghL 1:
xU brtf totjhis vLJbfhf.
mjjhis sth xUKiw kof m
xU gh kbwhU ghnahL rahf bghUJkhW
itJ sth kof ig njf
bghGJ J kWgo mfyth kof.

gl 5.8

j
fhj
ko
UJ
f
brtfF uL rknfhLf csd vgij mayh.

gl 5.9
thf :izfu rk jikia bgWsjh?

173

maha

braghL 2:
0

totfbgo cs uL Knfhz tot fU 30 , 60 , 90 .

vw Knfhztotij vLJ bfhf. njnghw kbwhU
Knfhztot fUia vLJbfhf. mtiw gl 5.10-
csthW gf itJ `gl tot itf.
tot vjid rknfhLfis bfhLsJ?
jgl

mj

_iylij

xU

rk

nfhlhf

bfhLsJ vgij f bjJ bfhsyh.

gl 5.10

braghL 3:

bfhLfgl xGF gynfhzf rk jikia fhj ko

Kiwgo fLoJ rknfhil lnfho _y fhf.

rkgf Knfhz

rJu
gl 5.11

xGF
Infhz

xGF
mWnfhz

nkTa fhj kof _y

(i) rkgf KnfhzF _W rknfhLf.

(ii) rJuF ehF rknfhLf
(iii) xGF

InfhzF
rknfhLf.

IJ

xU gynfhz, xGF
gynfhz v mt
mWnfhzF
MW vyh gffS rkkhf
(iv) xGF
vyh
nfhzfS
rknfhLf
csd
vgij
rkkhf Uf.
mayh.

xbthU
xGF
gynfhzfS
vjid
bfhLsnjh mjid rknfhLfis bfhLsd.

174

gffis

toa

xGF gy nfhzfis fL kof

tl gy rk
nfhLfis bfhLsJ.
rk jik bgyhj totfS, cUtfS cL.

mrkgf Knfhz

xGfw cUt
gl 5.12

My vGjf
rknfhLf
yhj vGJfis
goaLf.

nkny cs glfSF rknfhLf ilahJ. mglfis rk

jikawit vd Twyh.
bghU ug vgJ Mo ug

Moia bghWj rk jik

eh fzho ghF bghGJ fzho cw
eKila ugig fhnwh. j ug fzho
vbuhgh clhwJ. MoF Kdh eh vts
u Unwhnkh mnj u MoF cw eKila
ug mnj u UF.
gl 5.13
nkny cs gl rkjs Moia eLnfho nk
itjh gl miugF rkjs Mo tiuyhf kw
miugFia vbuhf brwJ. ntWj brhyntLkhdh
eh rkjs Moia vjnfho itnwhnkh mjnfhL mglij U
rkghffshf wJ. mit xj msY nfho xU gf mnfho
ugig mnj u mLj gf bfhLsJ. Mfnt J Mo
rk jik vdgLwJ.
eh Mo vbuhig Muh bghGJ lJ tyJ khwfis gl
ftfyh.

vLJfhL 5.1
bfhLfgLs gl Moia bghWj
rk jik vbuhig fhLwJ.
175

maha

5
g 5.1

1. rahd ilia njbjLf.

i) Urkgf KnfhzF
(A) rknfhLf ilahJ
(C) _W rknfhLf

(B) xU rknfhL
(D) gy rknfhLf

ii) izfuF

(A) uL rknfhLf

(C) rknfhLf ilahJ

(B) ehF rknfhLf

(D) gyrknfhLf

iii) brtfF

(A) uL rknfhLf

(C) ehF rknfhLf

(B) rknfhLf ilahJ

(D) gy rknfhLf

iv) rhrJuF

(A) rknfhLf ilahJ

(C) uL rknfhLf

(B) ehF rkfnfhLf

(D) MW rknfhLf

v) mrkgf KnfhzF

(A) rknfhLf ilahJ

(C) xU rknfhL

(B) _W rknfhLf
(D) gy rknfhLf

2. fl glf vit rknfhLfis bfhLsd? mit

vjid rknfhLfis bfhLsd?

3. nH bfhLfgl glfSF nfhol nenfhL Mork

nfhL v Mork jikia gagL kbwhU gFia tiuf.

176

toa

4. fl mltizia uf:
cUt

khgl

rknfhLf
vif

rkgf Knfhz
rJu
brtf
Urkgf Knfhz
rhrJu

5. fl vifs rknfhLfis bfhl Knfhz

bgafis vGJf
(i) xU rknfhL.
(ii) _W rknfhL.
(iii) rknfhLf ilahJ.
6. My bga vGJf
(i) xU iy FJnfhil bghWJ xU rknfhil cila
vGJfis.
(ii) xU ilnfhil bghWJ xU rknfhil cila
vGJfis.
iyFJ
nfhil
bghWJ
U
(iii) ilnfhil
rknfhLfis cila vGJfis goaLf.

5.3 RH rk jik
tU glfUJ eh ikaij (O-it) itJ 90 myJ 180 F
RHW bghGJ ekF ilF cUtfis fhzyh.
0

vGJ H

90 RH
gl. 5.14

rJu

90 RH
gl 5.15

177

180 RH

180 RH

maha

brtf

90 RH

180 RH

gl. 5.16
0

xU rJuij 90 F RHa wF mnj totKs rJu ilF .
Mdh xU brtfij 180F RHa wFjh mnj totKs brtf
ilwJ. j totfis 360F Fiwthf RHW bghGJ mnj tot
ilgij RH rk jik vW brhnwh.

RHnfhz

xU Fl ia bghWJ vj Fiwj nfhz ms xU totij
RHdh mnj tot ilwnjh mj nfhzij RH nfhz vW
mj ia RHika vW TWnwh.

braghL 4:
uL miljhfis vLJ xU rkgf Knfhzij xbthU
milY tiuJ bto bfhs.
Knfhzf uL rt rkkhf
UfntL. xU miljh xU
tl tiuJ fofhu RW irF
vir 0 ghifUJ 360 ghif
tiu Ff. bghGJ Knfhzij
kbwhU Knfhz J rahf
bghUj brJ tl tot miljh
ika Knfhz ikaf tna
xU F^ia bghUj. nkny cs
Knfhz nH cs KnfhzJl
rahf L xU Kiw bghUJ tiu
RHw.
Knfhzij 120 RHa wF mJ L nHs Knfhz
rahf bghUJtij fhzyh .
kWgo ulhtJ Kiw nkny cs Knfhz nH cs
KnfhzJl bghUJ tiu RHw. bghGJ f nkny cs
Knfhz 240 jdJ MugiyUJ RH milJsij fhzyh.
nkny cs Knfhzij _whtJ Kiw nH cs KfnfhzJl
bghUj bra. bghGJ nkny cs Knfhz xU KGRW 360

178

toa
Mug iyia milJsij fhzyh. nkfl brafUJ f
rkgf Knfhz RHnfhz 120 vd mayh.

60 RH

rkgf
Knfhz

120 RH

gl 5.17

mWnfhz RH nfhz

mWnfhz

60 RH

gl 5.18

nkny cs glf 5.15 UJ 5.18 tiu

ekF rJu, brtf, rkgf Knfhz kW mWnfhz Maitf

0
0
0
0
Kiwna 90 , 180 , 120 , 60 RH xj totf ilJsd.
Mfnt
0
(i) rJu RH nfhz 90
0
(ii) brtf RH nfhz 180
0
(iii) rkgf Knfhz RH nfhz120

(iv) mWnfhz RH nfhz 60

RH rk tir

RH rk tir vgJ xU tot vjid Kiwf xU KGR mnj
totij ngh csnjh mj vif RH rk tir vdgL. xU
0
bghU RHnfhz x v mj
RH rk tir = 360
0
x
gl 5.15 UJ 5.18 tiu.
179

maha

RH rk tir
0

360 = 4
0
90
0
360 = 2
0
180
0
360 = 3
120

(i) rJuF
(ii) brtfF
(iii) rkgf KnfhzF

360 = 6.
0
60

(iv) mWnfhzF
vLJfhL 5.2

rk nfhLf yhj totf RH rk jik bfhljhf

Ufyh.
f fhj fhwho brJ ghUfsh? gl cs fhj
fhwho rk jik csJ ngh njhWwJ. Mdh m rk
nfhil fhz KoahJ. glij kojh uL gh rahf bghUjhJ.
UD f mij mj ikaia itJ 90 RHF RHW nghJ
fhj fhwho mnj khahfnt njhwkF. fhwho RH rk tir
bgWsJ. vW eh Twyh.
D

90

90

90

xU KGR ehF iyf Kiwna 90 , 180 270 kW 360f

RHW bghGJ fhwho mnjkh njhwkwJ. j fhuzkhf fhwho
ehF RH rk tiria bgWsJ vW Twyh.
0

braghL 5:
gl fhoathW miljh myJ fhj Knfhzij bto
bfhs. mij gyif J itJ tiugl Cia mj
xU c bghUj bghG mj Knfhz cia
0
90 F xbthU Kiw RH mJj iyia tjil
0
tiu RHw. UJ f xbthU 90 F tU
glf ii UJ v ilgij fhzyh.
180

toa

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)
0

mj Knfhz mj iyia 360 F wF tjilwJ. Mfnt

0
0
j Knfhz RHnfhz 360 mj RH rk tir 3600 = 1 .
360

g 5.2

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) rkgf Knfhz RHnfhz

(A) 60
0

(B) 4

(D) 180

(C) 6

(D) 1.
0

(B) 3

(C) 4

(D) 5

iv) S vw vG RHnfhz

(A) 90
0

(C) 120

iii) xU bghU RHnfhz 72 v mj RH rk tir

(A) 1

ii) rJu RH rk tir

(A) 2

(B) 90

(B) 180
0

(C) 270
0

(D) 360

v) V vw vG RH rk tir xW v mj RHnfhz

(A) 60
0

(B) 90
0

(C) 180
0

181

(D) 360

maha

2. tU glf bfhLJs RH ikaij itJ RHW bghGJ

xU a iyF tJsd. mj cUt vjnfhz RH
milJsJ vgij gnrhf.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

3. tU glf RH ika 0 v mj RHnfhz kW

RH rk tiria fLof .

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

4. xU tlrfu vL Mufhfis bfhLsJ. mj

RHnfhz kW RH rk tir vd?

5.3 nfhz

xU

bghJthd

UJ

uL

ff

brY bghGJ nfhz clhwJ. + AOB- O vgJ

bghJ c, OA kWOB vgd uL iff.

nfhzf tiff

gl 5.19

(i) FWnfhz
xU nfhz ms 0 I l mfkhf 90 I
0

l Fiwthf csJ v mJ FWnfhz MF.

cjhuz : 15 , 30 , 60 , 75 , gl -5.20 + AOB =
0

30 vgJ FWnfhz.
0

gl 5.20
182

toa

(ii) brnfhz
0

nfhz ms 90 v mJ brnfhz vdgL.

0

gl 5.21- + AOB = 90 vgJ brnfhz.

gl 5.21

(iii) nfhz
0

0
xU nfhz ms 90 I l mfkhf 180 I
l Fiwthf csJ v mJ nfhz MF

vLJfhL: 100 , 110 , 120 , 140 gl 5.22

0
+ AOB = 110 vgJ nfhz.
0

gl 5.22

(iv) nenfhz
xU nfhz iff, vffshf cUthF
nghJ nenfhL clhwJ. thW clhF nfhz
0
nenfhz kW mj k 180 gl 5.23 + AOB =
0
180 vgJ nenfhz.

gl 5.23

(v) tisnfhz
nfhz ms 1800 I l mfkhf3600 I
l Fiwthf cs nfhz tisnfhz.
gl5.24 - + AOB = 220vgJ Unfhz

gl 5.24

(vi) KGnfhz
gl 5.25 OP kW OQ xU KGtl
0
mjhtJ 360 VgLJ nfhzij KGnfhz
vg.

gl 5.25

bjhlila nfhzf
(i) unfhzf
0

uL nfhzf TLj 90 v mj
uL nfhzfS unfhzf MF. xbthU
nfhzK kbwhUnfhz unfhz MF.
0

30

unfhz

60 MF.

unfhz 300 .

kW 60
gl 5.26

183

maha

(ii) if u nfhzf
0

uL nfhzf TLj 180

v mj uL nfhzfS if
unfhz MF. xbthU nfhzK
kbwhU nfhz if u nfhz
0
MF. 120 if unfhz 60
0
60 if unfhz 120 .

tU
nrhonfhzf if
unfhzf myJ
unfhzf vJ
vgij fL of

(m) 80 kW 10
0

() 40 kW50
0

(M) 30 unfhz____
() 60 if unfhz____
0

(d) 90 if unfhz____

(<) 95 kW 85
0

(m) 85 unfhz____

(M) 70 kW 110

gl 5.27

(c) 65 kW 115
0

btLnfhLf

jf mLJs
f

My vGJ X

FWF rhiyf

gl 5.28
gl 5.28 - uL nfhLf l1 kW l2 I fhf. uL nfhLfS
P vw tna brwJ. l1 kW l2 vw nfhLf P vw
btLwd. uL nfhLfSF xU bghJ Ujh mit btL
nfhLf vdgL. P vgJ btobfhS .

184

toa

btL nfhLf cs nfhzf

U
nfhLf
xU

btobfhS
nghJ
nfhzf
cUthwd.
gl 5.29- UnfhLf
AB kW CD O vw
btLwd. + COA, + AOD, + DOB,
gl 5.30
gl 5.29
+ BOC vw nfhzf cUthwd.
j ehF nfhzf Unfhzf
FWnfhzfshf kw U nfhzf nfhzfshf UF.
Mdh gl 5.30- U btL nfhLf xWbfhW brFjhf
csjh ehF nfhzfS brnfhzfshf csd.

mLJs nfhzf
uL nfhzf bghJ cia xU
bghJifia bfhoUjh mit mLJs
nfhzf vW miHfgLwd.
gl -5.31 + BAC kW + CAD vgd mLJs
nfhzf. (mjhtJ . + x kW + y) mnfhzf AC vw
bghJifia A vw bghJ cia bfhLsd.
Unfhzf + BAC kW + CAD vgd AC vw
bghJifF gfF xwhf mikJsd.

gl 5.31

tU glij ghf

+ ROP kW + QOP
vgd
mLJs
nfhzf my V?

jfij nkny cs gl
csgo J ghf. U
nfhzfS
mLJs
nfhzfsh?

(i) xU nfho jhd mLJs nfhzf

xU nenfho J xU f tiugL bghGJ
U nfhzf clhwd. mU nfhzfS
nfho J clhF mLJs nfhzf vdgL.

185

gl 5.32

maha

gl 5.32 AB vw nfho J f OC wJ + BOC kW

+ COA vgd AB vw nfho J VgL mLJs nfhzf MF. F
O vgJ bghJ c vW OC vgJ, bghJthd if vW TwgLwJ. OA
kW OB vw ifff OC vw bghJ ifF vbu gf mikJsd.
xU nfho J cs U nfhzf mLJs nfhzf v mit
bghJ cia bghJ ifia kw uL iff xWbfhW bghJ ifF
vbu gffY UF.

(ii) xU nfho J clhF mLJs nfhzf TLj 180

gl 5.33

gl5.34

gl. 5.33 + AOB = 180 vgJ nenfhz.

0

gl 5.34 AB vw nfho J f OC wJ. + AOC kW + COB

0
vgd mLJs nfhzf + AOB vgJ nenfhz vdnt mj k 180
+ AOC + + COB = 180

UJ xU nfho J clhF mLJs nfhzf TLj

180 vW mayh
0

F 1: xU nrho mLJs nfhzf bghJtw if vbu ffshF.

F 2: uL mLJs ifu nfhzf xU ne nfhzij
clhFwd.

1, 2 vW Fl nfhzf mLJs nfhzfsh?

mit mLJs nfhzf iy v ilia bjgLJf..

186

toa

fhf btL gyif cs

f gyif xU nrho nea
nfhzfis VgLJwJ

ngdh jh ngdh
xU nrho nea nfhzij
VgLJwJ.

thf:

(i)

uL mLjLj FWnfhzf xU nrho nenfhzij

cUthFkh?

(ii)

uL mLjLj nfhzf xU nrho nenfhzij

cUthFkh?

(iii) uL mLjLj brnfhzf xU nrho nenfhzij

cUthFkh?
(iv) mLjLj xU FWnfhzK, xU nfhzK xU nrho
nenfhzij cUthFkh?

(iii) xU clhF nfhz

gl 5.35 O ehF nfhzf
0
clhwd. mj ehF nfhzf TLj 360 .
mjhtJ + 1 + + 2 + + 3 + + 4 = 360

gl 5.35

(iv) Fbj nfhzf

AB, CD vw ne nfhLfOvw
bto bfhlh + AOC + BOD vw xU nrho
Fbj nfhzfis + DOA + COB vw kbwhU
nrho Fbj nfhzfis clhFwd.
gl 5.36

tU e mwhl thif
cs vLJfhL bghUf
Fbj nfhzfSF vLJfhlhF.

187

maha

5
6:

UgJngh l kW
vw UnfhLfis
P vw btLkhW tiuf.
+ 2, + 3 , + 4 vgdtiw gl 5.37 csthW Ff.

braghL

gl

5.37

m,
+ 1,

xF jh bfhL mjglij tiua. mj glij _y gl

J itJ + 1 I mj gl bghUJkhW, + 2 I mj gl bghUJkhW
itf.
F^ia l kW m btL P bghUj. mjglij
180 F RHw. kWgo mjnfhLf bghUJ wdth?
0

RHWbghGJ

ilwJ

gl 5.37

+ 1, + 3 j iyfis kh bfhwJ. nj ngh

+ 2, + 4 Mad

khbfhtij fhf. (nfhLf iy khwhk bragoUwJ.)

vdnt + 1 = + 3 kW + 2 = + 4.
UJ uL nfhLf bto bfhS nghJ
VgL Fbj nfhzf rk vW mayh.
bghGJ toa fUJgo ij %ngh.

AB, CD nfhLf O vw btobfhS

bghGJ + 1, + 2, + 3 + 4 cUthwd.
bghGJ + 1 = 180 - + 2 " (i)
0

(Vbd

nfho
0
nfhzf TLj 180 )

clhF

gl 5.38
mLJs

+ 3 = 180 - + 2 " (ii)

0

(Vbd nfho J clhF mLJs nfhzf TLj180 ).

0

(i) kW (ii) UJ

+ 1 = + 3 kW J ngh + 2 = + 4 vd %fyh.

vLJfhL 5.3
bfhLJs gl tUtdtiw milahs fhf

(m) uL nrho mLJs nfhzf.

(M) uL nrho Fbj nfhzf.

188

toa

:
(m) uL nrho mLJs nfhzf
(i) +EOA, +COE Vbd OE vgJ + EOA kW +COE F bghJthdJ
(ii) + COA, + BOC Vbd OC vgJ + COA kW + BOC F bghJthdJ
(M) uL nrho Fbj nfhzf

i) + BOC, + AOD
ii) + COA, + DOB.

vLJfhL 5.4
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf

:
+ BCD + + DCA = 180

(Vbd + BCA = 180 vgJ nenfhz)

0

45 + x = 180

x = 180 45

= 135
` x k 135 .
0

vLJfhL 5.5
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.

:
+ AOD + + DOB = 180

(Vbd + AOB = 180 vgJ nenfhz)

100 + x = 180

x = 180 - 100

= 80

` x - k 80 .
0

vLJfhL 5.6
bfhLJs glUJ x - kig fhf.

:

+ POR + + ROQ = 180
0

( Vbd + POQ = 180 vgJ nenfhz)
0

189

maha

x + 2x = 180

3x = 180
0
x = 180
3
0
= 60

` x k 60

vLJfhL 5.7
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.

:
+ BCD + + DCA = 180

(Vbd + BCA = 180 vgJ nenfhz)

0

3x + x = 180

4x = 180

x = 180
4
0
= 45

` x k 45

vLJfhL 5.8
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.

+ BCD + + DCE + + ECA = 180

(Vbd + BCA = 180 vgJ nenfhz)

40 + x + 30 = 180

x + 70 = 180

x = 180 - 70

= 110

` x k 110 .
0

vLJfhL 5.9
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.

:
+ BCD + + DCE + + ECA = 180 (Vbd + BCA=180 vgJnenfhz).
0

190

toa

x + 20 + x + x + 40 = 180

3x + 60 = 180

3x = 180 - 60

3x = 120

0
x = 120 = 40
3
0
` x k 40

vLJfhL 5.10
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.

+ BOC + + COA + + AOD + + DOE + + EOB = 360

(Vbd xU VgL nfhz ms 360 )

0

2x + 4x + 3x + x + 2x = 360

12x = 360

x = 360
12

= 30

` x k 30

vLJfhL 5.11
bfhLJs glUJ x kig fhf.

+ BOD + + DOE + + EOA = 180

(Vbd + AOB = 180 vgJ nenfhz)

2x + x + x = 180

4x = 180

x = 180
4

= 45

` x k45

191

maha

5
g 5.3

1. rahd ilia njbjLf:

i) uL nfhLf btobfhS nghJ VgL bghJ

vif

(B) uL (C) _W

(A) 90
0

(B) 180
0

(C) 270

(A) 80

(B) 90

(C) 100

(D) 95

(D) 360

iv) gl + BOC vgJ

(A) 80

(B) 90

(C) 100

(D) 120

v) gl CD vgJ ABF brFJnfhL

v + BCE k.

(A) 45

(B) 35

(C) 40

(D) 50

2. tU glfUJ mLJs nfhzfis vGJf

3. gl cs Fbj nfhzfis fhf.

iii) gl + COA vgJ

(D) ehF

ii) xU nfho J clhF mLJs nfhzf TLj

(A) xW

4. bfhLfgoUgJ + A v + B I fhf?

(i) 30

(ii) 80

(iii) 70
(iv) 60
(v) 45
0

192

toa

5. gl AB, CD btL nfhLf, + DOB = 35 v

kw nfhzf msfis vGJf.

6. fl glfUJ x kig fhf.

(i)

(ii)

(iv)

(v)

7. fl gl AB, CD vw UnfhLf O vw
btL nghJ x , y kfis fhf.

8. xU nfho jhd uL mLJs nfhzf 4x

kW 3x + 5 v x kig fhf.

(iii)

(vi)

iznfhLf

nkiria ghf.
nkirnkgF ABCD xU rkjsgu, nkgF y fis,
n f h L J L f i s
fhzKowjh? M.
A B , B C v w
nfhLJLf B vw
btLwd vj nfhL
JLf A, C kW D
btLwd? nfhLJLf
AD, CD btobfhwdth?

nfhLJLf AB, BC
gl 5.39
btobfhwdth?
nfhLJLf AB, CD ia vts u odhY xiwbahW
btobfhshk Ujh mnfhLf iznfhLf MF. AD, BC
vgd kbwhU nrho iznfhLf.

AB, CD vgd U iznfhLf v eh tiw AB || CD vd

vGjyh.
193

maha

nH bfhLfgLsit
iznfhLfSF vLJfhLf

msnfh f
izahdJ.

l1, l2 vgd l3 F

rd
FWF ff
izahdit.

izahdJ

U nenfhLf iznfhLf v mit

xWbfhW vjY bto bfhshJ.
bfhLJsgl 5.40 U iznfhLfSF
ilgl brFJ u vyh lfY rkkhf
UF.
gl 5.40

FWF bto
uL myJ mjF nkgl nfhLfis
btntW f btL nenfhL FWF
bto vW TwgLwJ. bfhLJs nfhLf
iz nfhLfshf Ufyh. iznfhLfshf
yhkY Ufyh.
FWF btoah VgL nfhzf bgaf.

(i)

gl 5.41

(ii)

nkny cs gl FWF
btofhd xU fUij
jUwJ. f xU rhiy
uL myJ mjF
nkgl
rhiyfis,
u n t n f h L
(bjhlto ghij) gy
nfhLfis btLtij
g h U f .

gl 5.41 (i) - AB, CD vw xU nrho nfhLf XY vw FWFbtoah

btLnghJ U nfhLf M kW N vw Kiwna btLwJ. M
kW N vw fis btL f vnwh.
gl 5.41 (ii)- xU FWFbto UnfhLfis btL nghJ 1 UJ
8 tiu FfgLs nfhzf w bgafis bfhLsd. eh
mnfhzfis F fhzyh.
1. cnfhzf
gl 5.41 (ii)- vyh nfhzfS MN vw nfhLJil xU
ifahf itJsd. cnfhzf vd TwgLgit AB kW CD F
il mikJs nfhz MF. gl 5.41 (ii) - + 3, + 4, + 5, + 6 vgd
cnfhzf.
194

toa

2. xW l nfhzf cnfhzf
xU FWFbto U nfhLfis btL nghJ ehF cnfhzf
clhwd. mj cnfhzf FWFbto vgff mikj
jjahd nea nfhzf xWl nfhzf cnfhzf MF.
gl 5.41 (ii) - + 3 kW + 5, + 4
nfhzf cnfhzf.

kW + 6

vgd xWl

3. btnfhzf
MN vw nfhLJil xU ifahf bfhshk cs vyh nfhzfS
btnfhzf vdgL. + 1, + 2, + 7, + 8 vgd gl 5.41 (ii)
btnfhzf MF.

4. xWl nfhzf btnfhzf

xU FWF bto U nfhLfis btL nghJ ehF btnfhzf
clhwd. mj btnfhzf FWFbto vgff mikj
jjahd nea nfhzf xWl nfhzf bt nfhzf MF.

gl. 5.41 (ii), + 1 kW + 7, + 2 kW + 8

btnfhzf.

vgd xW l

5. xj nfhzf

xU nrho nfhzf FWF bto xU gf xU

btnfhzij xU cnfhzij VgL, Mdh uL
nfhzfS nrJ nenfhzij VgLjhk UF nfhzf xj
nfhzf vdgL.
gl 5.41 (ii) - xj nfhzf nrhof + 1 kW + 5, + 2 kW
+ 6, + 3 kW + 7, + 4 kW + 8 vgd.
+ 6 kW + 7 vgd FWFbto xnu gf UD + 6 . vgJ
cnfhz Mdh + 7 vgJ btnfhz + 6 kW + 7 vgd xjnfhzf
iy Vbd mnfhzf nrJ nea nfhzfis VgLsd
vgij ftf. bghGJ eh nfhzfis mltiz gLJnth.
m cnfhzf

+ 3, + 4,+ 5,+ 6

M btnfhzf

+ 1,+ 2,+ 7,+ 8

uL nrho xjnfhzf

+ 1 kW + 5; + 2 kW+ 6
+ 3 kW + 7; + 4 kW + 8

< xU nfho xW l cnfhzf

+ 3 kW + 5 ; + 4 kW + 6

c xU nfho xW l btnfhzf

+ 1 kW + 7 ; + 2kW + 8

cnfhz nrhof FWF bto xnu

gf mikj xU nrho cnfhzf.

195

+ 3 kW+ 6 ; + 4 kW + 5

maha

nH cs nfhzf
bgafis vGjf.

m) uL cnfhzf
________________
M) uL btnfhzf
_____________

gl (i) l, m vw
nenfhLf FWF bto
p. gl (ii) l, m nfhLf
p- btodhY, p vgJ
FWF bto my VbdW
cfsh brhyKokh?

) xU nrho cnfhzf
_______________
<) xU nrho xj nfhzf
_____________

xU FWF bto btLnghJ iznfhLf gf

braghL 7:
xU btisjhis vLJ bfhf. l kW m vw nfhLfis joj
tzjh tiuf. t vw FWF btoia l kW m vw nfhoF tiuf.
+ 1 kW + 2 vgij gl 5.42 csthW Ff .

gl 5.42
tiuj gl J xFjhis itf l, m kW t vw
nfhLfis bjthf tiua. xFjhis l m I cl bghUJkhW t
tahf efj l m.
vLj gl cs + 1 tiuj gl cs + 2 cl bghUUgij
fhzyh. mnj kh nH cs isfis nj Kiw tiuJ efJ
bra Kiw mayh.

(i) + 1 = + 2

(ii) + 3 = + 4

(iii) + 5 = + 6

(iv) + 7 = + 8

UJ f U iznfhLfis xU FWFbto btL nghJ clhF.

(m) uL nrho xj nfhzf rk
(M) xU nrho xW l nfhzf rk
() FWF bto xnu gf mikj xU nrho cnfhzf
0
TLj if u nfhz MF.
(mjhtJ 180 )
196

toa

iznfhLfis btLkhW xU FWF bto tiuf. nkTa

_W TWfis, nfhzf msfis msJ rghf.

nfhLf a || b, c vgJ
nfhLf l || m, t vgJ
xU FWF bto, + x = ? xU FWF bto, + y = ?

nfhLf l || m, t vgJ xU
FWF bto, + z = ?

l1, l2 U nfhLf t vgJ

FWFbto
+ 1 = + 2 Mf Uwjh?

nfhLf l || m, t vgJ
xU FWF bto, + x = ?

F - tot xj nfhzfis FwJ.

Z - tot xWl nfhzfis FwJ.

197

maha

xU jh xU nrho iznfhLf tUkhW

kof. kWgo fhj FWF bto
tUkhW kof. wF koj gff
fis njJ wF f. f
xU nrho iznfhLfis FWF
btoia
fhzyh.
nfhzf
msfis msJ iznfhLfis xU
FWF bto btLtjh clhF
gfis rghf.

iz
nfhLfsh vd
rghf. z
vw vGij ghf.
nfhzf rk
vgjh ilnfhLf
izahdit.

vLJfhL 5.12
bfhLJs gl +CGH kW +BFE fhf.

:
gl AB || CD, EH vgJ FWF bto
+FGC

60 (bfhLfgLsJ )

+ CGH = 180 + FGC

(Vbd +CGH and +FGC vgd xU nfho jhd mLJs

nfhzf)
= 180 60
= 120
+ EFA = 60 (Vbd +EFA kW +FGC vgd
xjnfhf)
+ EFA + + BFE = 180 (Vbd xU nfho jhd mLJs
nfhzf TLj 180)

60 + x = 180
x = 180 60
= 120
` x = + BFE = 120

y = + CGH = 120

198

toa

vLJfhL 5.13
bfhLJs gl +CGF kW +DGF fhf

:
bfhLJs gl AB || CD, EH vgJ FWF bto.
+ GFB = 70

(bfhLfgLsJ)

+ FGC = a = 70 (Vbd +GFB kW

+CGF vgd xWl cnfhzf)
+ CGF + + DGF = 180

a + b = 180

70 + b = 180

(Vbd xU nfho jhd mLJs

nfhzf TLj 180)

b = 180 70

= 110

+ CGF = a = 70

+ DGF = b = 110

vLJfhL 5.14
bfhLJs gl + BFE = 100,
+ CGF = 80 v

i) + EFA, ii) + DGF,

iii) + GFB, iv) + AFG, v) + HGD vgdtiw fhf
:

+ BFE = 100 kW + CGF = 80 (bfhLfgLsJ)

i)

+ EFA = + 80

(xjnfhzf)

ii)

+ DGF = 100

(Vbd xjnfhzf rk)

iii)

+ GFB = 80

(Vbd xWl cnfhzf rk)

iv)
+ AFG = 100

v)

+ HGD = 80

(Vbd xjnfhzf + CGH kW

+ AFG rk)
(Vbd xj nfhzf rk)
199

maha

vLJfhL 5.15
gl, AB || CD, + AFG = 120 v

(i) + DGF
(ii) + GFB

(iii) + CGF Matiw fhf.

:
bfhLJs gl AB || CD kW EH vgJ FWFbto

(i)

+ AFG = 120

(bfhLfgLsJ)

+ AFG = + DGF = 120 (Vbd xWl

cnfhzf rk)

(ii)

DGF = 120

+
+ AFG + + GFB = 180 (Vbd xU nfho jhd

mLJs nfhzf TLj 180)

120 + + GFB = 180

+ GFB = 180 120

= 60

(iii)

` + GFB = 60
+ AFG + + CGF = 180

120 + + CGF = 180 (Vbd xU nfho jhd

mLJs nfhzf TLj 180)

+ CGF = 180 120

= 60

`+ CGF

= 60

vLJfhL 5.16
gl l || m v x msit fhf

gl l || m

+ 3 = x (Vbd xWl cnfhzf rk)

3x + x = 180 (Vbd xU nfho jhd mLJs

nfhzf TLj 180)

4x = 180
0

x = 180 = 45
4

200

toa

g 5.4

1. rahd ilia njbjLf

i) xU FWF bto U nfhLfis btL nghJ VgL nfhzf

vif.
(A) 4
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 12

ii) xU FWF bto VnjD U nfhLfis btLnghJ mj U

nfhLf

(A) izahdit

(B) izawit

(C) izahfnth myJ izawitahfnth Ufyh

(D) brFjhdit

iii) U iz nfhLfis xU FWFbto btLnghJ FWF bto

xnu gf mikj cnfhzf TLj.

(A) 90
(B) 180
(C) 270
(D) 360
iv) bfhLJs gl

+ BQR + QRC vgd

(A) Fbj nfhzf
(B) btnfhzf
(C) xWl c nfhzf
(D) xj nfhzf
v)

bfhLJs gl+ SRD = 110

v + BQP k
(A) 110
(B) 100
(C) 80
(D) 70

2. bfhLJs glUJ nH bfhLJs

TWfSF rahd gig vKJf.
(i) l || m v + 1=+ 5.
(ii) + 4 = + 6 v l || m.
(iii) + 4 + + 5 = 180 v l || m.

3.

glUJ njitahd nfhzf bgafis vGJf.

(i) + AMN Fbj nfhz
(ii) + CNQ xW l nfhz
(iii) + BMP xj nfhz
(iv) + BMN xj nfhz

201

maha

4.

bfhLJs glUJ tUtdtiw fhf.

(i) uL nrho xj nfhzf
(ii) xU nrho xW l cnfhzf.
(iii) FWF bto xnu gf mikj xU nrho
cnfhzf
(iv) Fbj nfhzfis fLof.

5. tU glf l || m v x msit fhf

6. l || m kW +1 = 70 v +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7

kW +8 msfis fhf

7. nH bfhLfgl glfUJ l || m vgJ rah?

fhuz jUf.

8. gl l || m v + 1 kW + 2 msfis
fhf.

Knfhz: ghit
Knfhz vgJ _W nfhLJLfis
bfhLs _oa rkjs totkhF.
gl 5.43 AB, BC kW CA vw nfhLJLf
_oa totij cUthsd. J Knfhz MF.
jid D ABC vW Ffyh. j Knfhzij
D ABC myJ D BCA myJ D CAB vd bgalyh.

202

gl 5.43

toa
nfhLJLf clha Knfhz Knfhz _W
gffshF. gl 5.43 - AB , BCkW CA vgd Knfhz _W
gffshF.
Knfhz
_W
nfhLJLf
VnjD
uL
nfhLJLf btLw ia Knfhz c vnwh.
gl 5.43- A,B kW C vgd Knfhz _W cf MF.
uL nfhLJLf btLnghJ xU nfhz clhwJ.
gl 5.43- AB kW BC B btLwJ kW nfhzij c
VgLJwJ.
j nfhzij eh nfhz B myJ + B myJ+ ABC vd gofyh.
Mfnt KnfhzkhdJ + A, + B,+ C vw _W nfhzfis bfhLsJ.
gl 5.43 - D ABC F
gff :

AB, BC, CA

nfhzf :

+ CAB, + ABC,+ BCA

cf :

A, B, C

cf A, B, C- vgff Kiwna BC, CA, AB vgd.

gff BC, CA, ABF vnu cs nfhzf Kiwna + A, + B, + C.

Knfhz vgJ _W nfhLJLfisbfhLs _oa
rkjs totkhF. J _W cfis, _W gffis, _W
nfhzfis bfhLsJ.

Knfhzf tiff
gff mogil

rkgf Knfhz Knfhz vyh gffS rk.

U rkgf Knfhz uL gff rk.
mrk gf Knfhz gff rkkwit.

nfhz mogil
brnfhz
Knfhz
vgJ
Knfhz
xU
brnfhzkhf kw U nfhzf FWnfhzkhf UF.

nfhz

nfhz Knfhz vgJ Knfhz xU nfhz nfhzkhf

kw U nfhzf FWnfhzkhf UF.
FWnfhz Knfhz vgJ Knfhz _W nfhzfS
FWnfhzkhf UF.
203

maha

xU Knfhz uL gff TLj _whtJ gfijl

mfkhf UF.

Knfhz nfhzf TLj g

braghL 8
ABC vw VjhtJ xU Knfhzij
xU jh tiuJ, nfhzf 1, 2 kW 3
vgij uL gffY jh gl 5.44
(i) csgo Ff.
ABC vw Knfhzij btl. A
vw cia BC vw gf
gl 5.44 (ii) csgo kof cf B
kW C I gl 5.44 (iii) csgo kof.

7 br.., 5 br..,
13 br.. vw msf
xU Knfhzij
mikFkh?

gl. 5.44
bghGJ f + 1, + 2 kW + 3 nenfho Ugij fhzyh.
UJ
+ 1 + + 2 + + 3 = 180
+ A + + B + + C = 180
vgij mayh. xU Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj 180
MF.

braghL 9
gl 5.45 (i) csgo xU
Knfhz
tiuf.
mj
_W
nfhzfis bto vLf. mtiw
gl 5.45 (ii) csgo kh itf.
bghGJ f _W nfhzfS
nrJ xU nfhzij cUthsij
mayh. nfhz nenfhz MF.
Mjyh mj mj ms 180 MF.

f.
1.

2.

gl. 5.45

xU Knfhz _W nfhzf 60 F Fiwthf Ujh

Knfhz ilFkh?
xU Knfhz uL nfhzf brnfhzkhf Ujh
Knfhz ilFkh?
204

toa

Knfhz btnfhzgf
braghL 10

gl. 5.46
Knfhz ABC I tiuJ mij xU gfkhf gl 5.46 (i) csgo
l. C vw nfhz ACD VgLtij fhzyh.
+ BCA vgJ + ACD mLJs nfhz MF. Knfhz
kw uL nfhzf + A kW + B I Knfhz uL vgf
cnfhzf vd Twyh.
bghGJ + A kW + B - I bto (myJ ef tiuJ) gl 5.46 (ii)-
fhosgo mLjjLJ itf.
f mj uL JLfS nrJ + ACD KGtJ bghUJtij
ftfyh.
UJ Knfhz btnfhz mj
cnfhzf TLjYF rk vgij mayh.

vgf

uL

Knfhz btnfhzF mj uL cnfhzfSF

ilna cs bjhl Knfhz btnfhz g MF.
ABC vw Knfhz tiuJ gl 5.46 (i) csgo
gff xwhd BC I l. C vw + ACD
clhwJ. bghGJ nfhzkhia vLJ + ACD, + A
kW + B msf. + A + + B I fLoJ + ACB I msJ
mjDl xLghf f + ACD = + A + B vgij
mfsh?

vLJfhL 5.17
bfhLJs glUJ x- kig fhf.

:
+ CAB + + ABC ++ BCA = 180 (Vbd Knfhz
40 + x + x
40 + 2x
2x
2x
x

=
=
=
=
=

_W nfhzf TLj 180)

180
180
180 40
140
140 = 70
2

x- k = 70.
205

maha

vLJfhL 5.18
Knfhz uL nfhzf 40 kW 60
v _whtJ nfhzij fhf.

+ RPQ + + PQR ++ QRP =

x + 40 + 60 =

x + 100 =

x =
=
` _whtJ nfhz x =

180
( Vbd Knfhz _W
180
nfhzf TLj 180)
180
180 100
80
80

vLJfhL 5.19
bfhLfgl glUJ + A- msit fhf.

+ CAB + + ABC + + BCA = 180 (Knfhz _W

2x + 120 + x = 180 nfhzf TLj 180)

3x + 120 = 180

3x = 180 120

3x = 60

x = 60
3
= 20

` + A = 2x = 2 20 = 40
vLJfhL 5.20
bfhLJs glUJ x- kig fhf.

:
gl btnfhz = + ABD = 110.
uL vgf cnfhzf TLj = + BCA + + CAB

= x + 50

x + 50 = 110 (Vbd uL vgf cnfhzf
TLj btnfhzF rk)

x = 110 50
= 60

` x k 60.

206

toa

vLJfhL 5.21
bfhLJs glUJ x, y kfisfhf

:
bfhLJs gl,

+ DCA = 130 (btnfhz)

50 + x = 130 (vbd xU Knfhz

btnfhz mj vgf uL
cnfhzf TLjYF rk.)

x = 130 50

= 80
D ABC
+ A + + B + + C = 180 (Vbd Knfhz _W

nfhzf TLj 180)

50 + x + y = 180

50 + 80 + y = 180

130 + y = 180
y = 180 130

= 50
` x - k = 80, y- k = 50.
kbwhU t:

+ ACB + + DCA = 180 (Vbd xU nfho J clhF

y + 130 = 180 mLJs gff TLj 180)
y = 180 130

= 50
D ABC

+ A + + B + + C = 180 (Vbd Knfhz _W

50 + x + y = 180 nfhzf TLj 180)

50 + x + 50 = 180

100 + x = 180

x = 180 100

= 80

207

maha

vLJfhL 5.22

Knfhz _W nfhzf 3x + 5, x + 20, x + 25 v xbthU

nfhz msit fhf.

Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj =

3x + 5 + x + 20 + x + 25 = 180

5x + 50 = 180

5x = 180 50

5x = 130

x = 130

180

= 26

3x + 5 = (3 26) + 5 = 78 + 5 = 83

x + 20 = 26 + 20 = 46

x + 25 = 26 + 25 = 51

` Knfhz _W nfhzf msf 83, 46kW 51.

g 5.5

1. rahd ilia njbjLf.

i) xU Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj
(A) 90
(B) 180
(C) 270

(D) 360

ii) xU Knfhz _W nfhzf rk v xbthU nfhz

ms
0
0
0
0
(A) 30
(B) 45
(C) 60
(D) 90

iii) fltW vJ Knfhz nfhzfshf Uf Ko.

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(A) 50 , 30 , 105 (B) 36 , 44 , 90 (C) 70 , 30 , 80 (D) 45 , 45 80

iv) Knfhz uL nfhzf 40 kW 60 v _whtJ nfhz.

0
0
0
0
(A) 20
(B) 40
(C) 60
(D) 80

v) T ABC BC I D tiu l + ABC = 50 , + ACD = 105 v+ BAC

ms

(A) 75
(C) 40

(B) 15
(D) 55

208

toa

2.

tUtdtW vit Knfhzf vW TWf.

0
0
0
(i) + A = 25
+ B = 35
+ C = 120
0
0
0
(ii) + P = 90 + Q = 30
+ R = 50
0
0
0
(iii) + X = 40 + Y = 70
+ Z = 80

3. Knfhz uL nfhzf bfhLfgLsd. _whtJ

nfhzij fhf.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(i) 75 , 45 (ii) 80 , 30 (iii) 40 , 90 (iv) 45 , 85

4. tU glfUJ x kig fhf:

5. tU glfUJ x kW y - kfis fhf:

6. Knfhz _W nfhzf x + 5, x + 10 kW x + 15 v x I
fhf.
209

maha

id bfhf!

1. xU bghU uL miughff totY msY rahf

bghUJtJ rk jik vW TwgLwJ.

2. xU nfhL bfhLJs gl mikig Urk gFfshf wJ. lJ

gh tyJ ghnahL rahf bghUJkh mtot rkuhf csJ
vdyh. mnfhL rknfhL myJ rk mR vdgL.

3. xbthU xGF gy nfhzfS vjid gffis bfhLsnjh

mjid rknfhLfis bfhLsd.

4. y bghUfSF glfSF rknfhLf ilahJ.

5. totfis 360F Fiwthf RHWbghGJ mnj tot ilgij RH

rk jik vW brhnwh.

6. xU tot mj ikaij itJ vjid Kiwf xU KGR mnj

totij ngh csnjh mj vif RH rk tir vdgL.

7. rk nfhLf yhj totf RH rk jik bfhljhf

Ufyh

8. uL nfhzf bghJ cia, bghJifia bfhoUjh

mit mLJs nfhzf vW miHfgLwd.

9. xU nfho J clhF mLJs nfhzf TLj 180.

10. uL nfhLf btobfhS nghJ VgL Fbj nfhzf

rk.

11. xU clhF nfhz ms 360 MF.

12. U nenfhLf iznfhLf

vjfY bto bfhshJ.

13. uL myJ mjJ nkgl nfhLfis btntW f btL

nenfhL FWFbto vdgLwJ.

14. U iznfhLfis xU FWFbto btLnghJ clhF,

mit

xWbfhW

(m) U nrho nfhzf rk.

(M) xU nrho xW l nfhzf rk.
() FWF bto xnu gf mikj cnfhzf TLj
ifunfhzf.

15. xU Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj 180 MF.

16. xU Knfhz btnfhz mj vgf uL cnfhzf

TLjYF rk.

210

brKiw toa

brKiw toa
6.1 mKf
gFahdJ mKiw toa Vbfdnt goJ mj fUJfis
J bfhs nkY mtiw cW brJ bfhs khztfSF cjwJ.
nk tFf mKiw toa %f UF fUJf mogil
mit bgWtjF gF nkY cjwJ. cWahf, midJ khztfS
tiuj Mtkhf bragL ghlfUJfis vjhf fW bfhthf.
eh K tF nenfhLf, iznfhLf, brFJ nfhLf tiutJ
kW nfhzf mikgJ Matiw bjJ bfhnlh.
eh j tF, xU nfhLJo ikaFJ nfhL tiuj, nfhz
Urkbto tiuj Matiw msnfh kW ftuhaij gagL
y nfhzfis mikj kW Knfhzf tiuj Matiw
bjJ bfhs nghnwh.
ghit
bfhLfgl glfUJ nfhzf, iznfhLf kW brFJ
nfhLf Mat fUid id Tj.
fl

mltiz

bfhLfgLs

glfUJ

f,

nfhLJLf, nfhzf, iznfhLf, brFJ nfhLf Matiw

flnth.

t.
v

gl UJ flagl
gl

f nfhLf nfhzf

A, B,
1

C kW
D

AB,
BC,
CD,
AD

1 - +BAD
( + A)
2 - +DCB
( + C)
3 - +DBA
4 - +CBD

kW
BD

211

iz
nfhLf

brFJ
nfhLf

AB || DC
BC || AD

AB = AD
AB = BC
BC = CD
CD = AD

maha

t.
v

gl

gl UJ flagl
iz
f nfhLf nfhzf
nfhLf

brFJ
nfhLf

6.2 bfhLfgl nfhLJo ikaFJ nfhL :

(i) braghL : fhjjh koj.
z

xU fhj jh J AB vw nfhLJL
tiuf.
X

nfhLJo Kid B MdJ A J

mikkhW jhid kof. jh nk XY vw
ko nfhil VgLJf.
Y
X

fhjij f. fhjko nfhL XY MdJ ,

AB nfhLJoid btL ia O vd
Ff.

212

O
Y

brKiw toa
zz

msJ ghj OA = OB vd, ko nfhL XY MdJ AB nfhLJoF

brFjhf UgJ bja tUwJ.

zz

ko nfhL XY MdJ, AB nfho ikaFJ nfhL MF.

xU nfhLJo ikaFJ nfhL vgJ mnfhLJo
ika tiuagL brFJ nfhL MF.

(i) bfhLfgl nfhLJoF ikaFJ nfhL tiuj :

go 1 :

go 2 : A

go 3 : B

bfhLfgl
mss
AB nfhLJL tiuf.

I ikakhf bfhL
AB s ghF
nk MuKs f, AB
nfhoF nkY, G
mikkhW tiuf.

I ikakhf bfhL
mnj MuKs uL
tlf
tiuf.
mit
Kija
tl
fis P kW Q f
btLwd.

213

maha

go 4 : PQ

I nr. PQ MdJ
AB I O btLwJ
vf.

PQ

MdJ
AB
ikaFJnfhL MF.

ikaFJ nfhL PQ J VnjD xU ia Ff.

mahdJ, A kW B MatUJ rk u csJ
vgij rghf.

f:
xU nfhLJo
ikaFJ nfhlhdJ
mnfho rk mR MF.

bfhLfgl xU nfhLJoF
xF nkgl ikaFJ
nfhLf Uf Kokh?

vLJfhL 6.1
AB = 8 br. mss nfhLJoF ikaFJ nfhL tiuf.
:

go 1 : AB = 8 br. mss

nfhLJL tiuf.

8 br.

go 2 : A

I
ikakhf
bfhL AB s
ghF nk MuKs
t l f , A B
nfhoF nkY, G
mikkhW tiuf.
214

brKiw toa

go 3 : B I ikakhf bfhL tiuagL mnj MuKs tlf

Kija fis X kW Y f btLkhW tiuf.

go 4 : XY I nrf. mJ nfhLJL AB I O btLwJ.

XY MdJ AB ikaFJ nfhL MF.

1. PQ = 6.5 br. I lkhf bfhl xU tl tiuf.

2. 12 br. mss xU nfhLJL tiuf. jid ftuhaij
gagL ehF rkghffshf f. msJ rghf.

3. bfhLfgl nfhLJL ACF ikaFJ nfhL tiuf.

mikaFJ nfhL bfhLfgl nfhoid O btLwJ
vf. O vw UJ rk u B kW D fis
ikaFJ nfho J Ff. A, B, C kW D Ma
fis tirahf nrf. mthW nrfgl nenfhLf
midJ rk s ciladth vgij rghf.

f!
nkfl tiuj OA = OB = OC = OD vW UFkhW B kW
D fis ikaFJ nfho J Ff. A, B, C kW D
fis tirahf nrf. wF

1. nrfgl nfhLf rk s ciladth?

2. _iy nfhzf brnfhzfshf UFkh?
3. cUt bga Tw Kokh?

6.3 nfhz U rk bto :

(ii) braghL : jh koj .
z xU fhjjhid vLJ mj J O
vw iaF. O I Kidahf
bfhL + AOB nfhzij clhF
OA kW OB ffis tiuf.

z OA kW OB ff x J xW
gokhW O vw tahf jhid
koJ xU ko nfhoid VgLj.

215

maha

zz jhid j wF UF ko
nfhoid OC vf. msJ ghj + AOC
kW + BOC Ma nfhzf rkkhf csd.
zz Mifah, jh ko nfhL OC MdJ
bfhLfgl nfhzij U rkghffshf
wJ .
zz j ko nfhL + AOB rknfhL MF.
zz j rknfhL + AOB nfhz Urk bto MF.
bfhLfgl xU nfhz, nfhz Urk bto vgJ
mnfhzij U rk ghffshf F rk nfhL MF.

(ii) msnfh kW ghifkhia gagL bfhLfgl

nfhz, nfhz Urk bto tiuj :

go 1 : O vw bfhLfgl
mss nfhzij tiuf.

go 2 : O

I ikakhf bfhL
VnjD
xU
MuKs
tlyhdJ, nfhz
ffis A kW B vw
f btLkhW tiuf.

go 3 : A I ikakhf bfhL, AB
s ghF nk MuKs
tliy
nfhz
cwkhf tiuf.

216

brKiw toa

go 4 : B

I ikakhf bfhL,
mnj MuKs tl
Kija tliy C
btLkhW tiuf.

go 5 : OC

I nrf. OC MdJ
bfhLfgl nfhz
nfhz Urk bto MF.

OC vw nfhz U rk bto J, VnjD xU ia

Ff. mahdJ nfhz ff OA kW OB
MatUJ rk u csJ vgij rghf .

vLJfhL 6.2
+ AOB = 80 mss nfhz tiuJ mj Urk btoia mikf.

go 1 :

ghif khia gagL

O vw + AOB = 80
mss nfhz mikf.

go 2 : O

I ikakhf bfhL
VnjD xU MuKs tl
OA kW OB tiw Kiwna
X,Y f btLkhW tiuf.

go 3 : X

I ikakhf bfhL
XY s ghF
nk MuKs tliy
nfhz cwkhf tiuf.

217

maha

go 4 : YI

ikakhf bfhL mnj MuKs tl Kija

tliy C btLkhW tiuf. OC I nrf. OC MdJ
bfhLfgl nfhz 80 nfhz Urk bto MF.

120 mss nfhz tiuJ mjid ehF

rkghffshf f.

g 6.1
1. AB = 7br. mss nfhLJL tiuJ mj ikaFJ
nfhoid tiua.
2. XY = 8.5 br. mss nfhLJL tiuJ mj rk mid
fhz.
3. AB = 10 br. mss nfhLJoF ikaFJ nfhL tiuf.
4. 70 mss nfhz tiuJ mj Urkbtoia tiuf.
5. 110 mss nfhz tiuJ mj Urkbtoia tiuf.
6. brnfhz tiuJ mjid msnfh kW ftuhaij gagL U
rkghfkhFf.

1. CI ikakhf bfhL 4 br. MuKs xU tl tiuf.

VnjD xU eh AB tiuf. ABF ikaFJ nfhL tiuJ,
mJ tl ika tahf brwjh vgij nrhjid brf.
2. xU tl rk s cs VnjD uL ehfSF
ikaFJ nfhLf tiuf. (i) mitf vF rwd?
(ii) ehf tl ikaUJ rk bjhiy csjh vgij
rgh.
3. xnu nfho mikahj _W fis Ff. m
fSF rk bjhiy mik xU ia fhf.
F : midJ fis tirahf nr. xU Knfhz ilwJ.
xbthU gfF ikaFJ nfhLf tiuf. mnfhLf f Fj
f UJ. rk bjhiy mik xU rwJ.
RWtl ika vd miHfgLwJ.

6.4 msnfh kW ftuhaij gagL

nfhzfis mikj :
(i) 60 nfhz mikj :

go 1 :

nenfhL l I tiuJ mj
J O vw ia F.

218

60, 30, 120, 90

brKiw toa

go 2 : O I ikakhf bfhL

VnjD MuKs xU
tl, nenfhil A
btLkhW tiuf.

go 3 : A

I ikakhf bfhL
mnj MuKs tl
Kija tliy B
btLkhW tiuf.

go 4 : OB I nrf.

+ AOB = 60MF.

OI ikakhf bfhL VnjD

MuKs xU tl tiuf. tl
g VnjD xU AI F. AI
ikakhf OAI Mukhf bfhL
xU tl tiuf. mJ tlij B
btLwJ. BI ikakhf bfhL
mnj MuKs tl tlij
C btLkhW tiuf. thwhf
tlf bjhlJ tiuf. fil
tl A tahf brwJ.
thwhd f A, B, C, D, E kW
F midij tirahf nrf.
ABCDE xU xGF mWnfhz MF.
nkfh glUJ eh mtJ,
(i) tlgahdJ ika 60 nfhzij VgLJ
rk sKs MW tl fshf fgLwJ.
vj xU tlY MuF rkkhd eh ika
60 nfhzij clhF.
(ii) xU ia Rs bkhj nfhz 360.
(iii) xGF mWnfhzkhdJ
cslsJ.

MW

rkgf

Knfhzfis

(ii) 30 nfhz mikj :

Kj 60 nfhz mikJ, wF mjid U rkghfkhf J, 30 nfhz bgWf.

go 1: 60 nfhz tiuf.

(nkfh tiuj csthW)

go 2: A I ikakhf bfhL AB
s ghF nk MuKs
tliy + AOB cwkhf
tiuf.
219

maha

go 3:

mnj Muij vLJ

bfhL B I ikakhf
itJ
tiuagL
tl yhdJ Kija
tliy C btLkhW
tiuf. OC I nrf.
+ AOC MdJ 30 MF.

15 nfhzij vthW mikgh?

(iii) 120 nfhz mikj :

go 1 : l

vw nfho J
O vw ia F.

go 2 : OI

ikakhf itJ
VnjD xU MuKs
tl
tiuf.
mJ nenfhL l I A
btlL.

go 3 :

mnj MuK , A I
ikakhf
itJ
tiuagL kWbkhW
tl
yhdJ
Kijaiy B
btLkhW tiuf.

go 4 : BI

ikakhf
bfhL,
mnj
MuKs
kWbkhU
tl
Kj
C
tliy
btLkhW tiuf.

go 5 : OCI nr.
+ AOC = 120MF.

220

brKiw toa

(iv) 90 nfhz mikj :

90 nfhz mikgjF, nenfhL nfhz 180 I eh U
rkghffshf f nghnwh.

go 1 :

nenfhL l J O
vw ia F.

go 2 : O

I ikakhf itJ
VnjD
xU
Mu
cila
tlf
nfhL l I A kW B
f btLkhW
tiuf.
bghGJ
+AOB = 180.

go 3 : A

kW B tiw
i k a f s h f

bfhL,
AB

s ghF nk
MuKs tlf
C
xiwbahW
btLkhW tiuf. .

go 4 : OC I nr.
+ AOC = 90 MF.

f:

1. 60 mss nfhz tiuJ

mj u nfhzF nfhz
Urkbto tiuf.
2. brnfhzij Krk nfhzfshf
f.
3. fhQ mss nfhzfis
mikf:

bfhLfgl nfho nk cs
VnjD xU mjF
brFJ nfhL tiua, _iy kl

22, 75, 105, 135, 150

fU KiwF khwhf f
Kiwia nkbfhsyh.

g 6.2
1. fh mss nfhzfis msnfh kW ftuhaij gagL
tiuf.
(i) 60
(ii) 30
(iii) 120
(iv) 90
221

maha

6.5 Knfhzf mikj

gff kW nfhzf mogil mikj Knfhzf gy
tifghLfis eh Kija tF mJnsh. bghGJ Knfhzf
tiffis mt y gfis id Tnth.

Knfhzf tiff
nfhzf mogil
gff mogil

Knfhzf tiff
t.v

Knfhz
bga

rkgf Knfhz

Urkgf
Knfhz

gl

_W gffS
rk.

VjhtJ uL
gffrk.

mrkgf
Knfhz

FWnfhz
Knfhz

_W nfhzfS
FWnfhzf.
(90 F Fiw).

nfhz
Knfhz

VnjD xU nfhz
nfhz. (90 I
l mf ).

brnfhz
Knfhz

gff rkiy.

VnjD xU nfhz
brnfhz. (90).

Knfhz y gf :

1. xU Knfhz vj uL gff TLjY _whtJ

gfijl mfkhf UF.

2. xU Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj 180.

222

brKiw toa

Knfhz tiutjF njitgL _W msf FiwjJ xU
gf msthtJ foghf bfhLfgl ntL. bfhLfgl msfis
bfhL fl jf Knfhzfis mikngh.

(i) _W gff (SSS).

(ii) uL gffS mtiw csla nfhzK (SAS).

(iii) uL nfhzfS mtiw csla gfK (ASA).

(i) _W gff bfhLfgoUF nghJ Knfhz mikj :

(SSS ak)

vLJfhL 6.3

bfhLfgl AB = 4 br., BC = 6 br. kW AC = 5 br. msfis

bfhl Knfhz ABC I mikf.
cj gl

AB = 4 br.

BC = 6 br.

AC = 5 br..

r.

4b

5b

r.

bfhLfgl msf

6 br.

br

br

br.

tiujYfhd gof

go 1 :

BC = 6 br. mss nfhLJL tiuf.

go 2 : B

I ikakhf bfhL 4 br. MuKs tliy BC

nfhoF nkw tiuf.

go 3 :

C I ikakhf itJ 5 br. MuKs tl Kija tl

iy A btLkhW tiuf.

go 4 :

A,B fis izf kW A,C tiw nrf.

ABC MdJ njitahd Knfhz MF.

223

maha

ghifkhia gagL Knfhz vyh

nfhzfis msJ, mt TLjiy fhf.

2b
r.

xU khzt PQ = 2 br., QR = 6 br. kW

PR = 3 br. vw bfhLfgl msfis bfhL
xU Knfhz tiua Kajh. (cjgl
csthW) mt Kj QR = 6 br. nfhLJil cj gl
tiujh. wF PI ikakhf itJ 2 br. MuKs
P
tliy, R I ikakhf itJ 3 br. MuKs
3
br
tliy tiujh. mitf P ia
.
bgWtjfhf xiwbahW btobfhsiy.
(1) fhuz vd?
6 br.
Q
(2) j rhghd Knfhz g ahJ?

br

br

6 br.

xU Knfhz vj U gff TLj _whtJ gfijl

vbghGJ mfkhf UF.
xU Knfhz _W nfhzfSF nfhz U
rk btof tiuf. mit midJ xnu tahf
brY vgij rghf. ctl ika vd
miHfgLwJ.

(ii) uL gffS mtiw csla nfhzK bfhLfgoUF

nghJ Knfhz mikj (SAS ak) :

vLJfhL 6.4
bfhLfgl msf PQ = 4 br., QR = 6.5 br. kW + PQR = 60
cs Knfhz PQR I mikf.

cj gl
P

4b

r.

bfhLfgl msf
PQ = 4 br.
QR = 6.5 br.

60

+ PQR = 60

224

6.5 br.

br
.

brKiw toa

br.

tiujYfhd gof :

go 1 : QR = 6.5 br. mss nfhLJL tiuf.

go 2 : Q vw QR cl 600 nfhzij clhF QX vw
ne nfhL tiuf.

go 3 : Q

I ikakhf bfhL , 4 br. MuKs tl QX I P

btLkhW tiuf.

go 4 : P, R tiw nrf.
PQR njitahd Knfhz MF.
XY = 6 br., YZ = 6 br. + XYZ = 70 msf cs
Knfhz tiuf. Knfhz rkkhd gffSF
vnus nfhzfis msJ gh. mtJ vd?

(iii) uL nfhzfS mtiw csla xU gfK

bfhLfgoUF nghJ Knfhz mikj. (ASA ak)
vLJfhL 6.5
XY = 6 br. + ZXY = 30 kW + XYZ = 100 msf cs Knfhz
XYZ tiuf. _whtJ nfhz ms 50 csjh vd nrhf.
cj gl

bfhLfgl msf

XY = 6 br.
+ ZXY = 30
+ XYZ = 100
go 1 : XY = 6br. mss nfhLJL tiuf.
225

30

6 br.

100

maha

go 2 : X vw XY cl
30 nfhzij VgLJ
XP vw xU f tiuf.

go 3 : Y

XY cl 100
nfhzij
clhF
kbwhU f YQ I tiuf.
XP kW YQ ff Z
btLwd.
br.

go 4 : XYZ njitahd Knfhz

MF.
_whtJ nfhz ms 50 MF. (mjhtJ + Z = 50).

PQ = 7 br. + Q = 70 kW + R = 40 vw msf cs
Knfhz PQR tiuf.
F : Knfhz _W nfhzf TLj 180 vw gig
gagLJf.

g 6.3
I. nH bfhLfgl msfis bfhl Knfhzfis tiuf.
1. bfhLfgl msf PQ = 6 br. , QR = 7 br. , PR = 5 br. cs3 PQR tiuf.
2. 7 br. gf cs rkgf Knfhz tiuf. ghifkhia gagL
Knfhz xbthU nfhzij msf. mitf rkkhditah?
3. DE = 4.5br. , EF = 5.5br. kW DF = 4.5 br. mss Knfhz DEF
tiuf. J vtif Knfhz vd ma Kowjh? j bgaiu vGJf.
II. nH bfhLfgl msfis bfhl Knfhzfis tiuf.
4. bfhLfgl msf YZ = 7br. ,ZX = 5 br. kW + Z = 50cs
3 XYZtiu.
5.

bfhLfgl msf PQ = 6br. , PR =9 br. kW + P = 100 cs

3 PQR tiuf.

6. bfhLfgl msf AB = 6 br. , BC = 8 br. kW + B = 90 cs

3 ABC tiuf. AC sij msf.
III. nH bfhLfgl msfis bfhl Knfhzfis tiuf.
7. + X = 50 , + Y = 70 kW XY = 5 br. msf cs 3 XYZ tiuf.
8. + A = 120, + B = 30 kW AB = 7 br. msf cs 3 ABC tiuf
9. bfhLfgl msf + L = 40, + M = 40 kW LM = 6 br. cs
3 LMN tiuf. + L kW + M Ma nfhzfSF vnus gff
sid msJ vGJf. mitf rkkhditah?

226

tufis ifahSj

tufis ifahSj
mKf

tufis ifahSj vgJ a xU gFahF. a
vw brh nll vw y brhUJ tjjhF. a vgJ
ma rhj vf (science of numbers). mj vf F tufis
vfnshL nrJ xlgLwJ. mjhtJ

(i) tF cs khztf kbgf

(ii) xU uhk Fl taJs FHijf vil
(iii) xU tUl xU Fl l bgj kiH ms

a, tufis nrfj, tifgLJj gFgh brj

kW t _y jftfis bgWtjF a gagLwJ.

njitahd jftfis jUw, vrhto mikj vj xU
jft bjhF tu MF.

bjhFfglhj tuf

xU tF cs khztf xU fjnj bgw kbgfis
nrfngh. bjhF MF. Mug iy cs j bjhFig mnj to
tHdh mit bjhFfglhj tuf MF.

bjhFfglhj tu vgJ brKiwgLjglhj kW tifgLjglhj
tu MF.

bjhFfgl tuf

y rkaf bjhFfglhj tuf bjhF vif
bgajhf mnj iy ekF vjj bria btgLjhj jhf
Ufyh. tuf f bgajhf UFnghbjyh eh mtiw
fUJsthW tifgL d gFjh bra ntoUwJ.

tuf, FGf myJ f gLjgoUjh mit bjhFfgl
tuf MF.

tufis nrfj

Mug iy MF
bjhlilajhf UfntL.

nrffgl

227

tuf

njitF

maha

Kj iy tu

vLJfhlhf, VHh tF Ma U. ndh
vgt khztfis gRWyh miHJbry
lLwh. mt khztf Ugnfg

(i) mtf bry ntoa l

(ii) isahl ntoa isahL
(iii) mtfSF njitahd cz

k i y t h
uhkfUJ
tU khztf
ghJ m w
bfhltf
tu tifia
mf

Matiw g nfwh.

itaidF mt tufis khztflUJ neilahf
nrfjh. jkhf tuf nrfgij Kj iy tu vnwh.

7.1

bjhlahd tufis nrfJ bjhFj

izajs, brjh, ju gif, bjhiyfh _y brY
l jg btg iyga tufis VHh tF Ma U ndh
nrfjh. j bt tufis ulh iy tu vnwh.
kh

aiy bghWjtiu msl ToaJ kh vdgL.

mit Fl viyF v k bfhoUF.

(i) taJ, (ii) tUkhd, (iii) cau kW (iv) vil vgd khfSfhd
y vLJfhLfshF.
fbt

eh g khztf cauij msngh. 140br.. vw cau
gyKiw tUtjF th cL. eh mj cau vjid jlit tUwJ vW
fzLnth. j 140 br.lnu fbt MF.

xU Fl k L L vjid jlitf tUwnjh mj
vif mj k fbt MF.

R

xU Fl tu fbga kF fa kF cs
ahrij R vnwh.

vLJfhL 7.1

xU tFgiw cs 20
bfhLfgLsd.

khztf cauf (br.) nH

120, 122, 127, 112, 129, 118, 130, 132, 120, 115
124, 128, 120, 134, 126, 110, 132, 121, 127, 118.
F fa k 110 br.. kW fbga k 134 br..

R = fbga k - fa k

= 134 110 = 24

228

tufis ifahSj

kW ilbtf

nkTa vLJfhL 7.1 eh 5 fis vLJbfhnth.

110 - 115, 115, -120, 120 - 125, 125 - 130, 130 - 135 xbthU it
ilbtf vW Twyh. ilbtf rkkhf Uf ntL.

f vif fbgajhfnth myJ fajhfnth Uf
TlhJ. f vif bghJthf IUJ gJF Ufyh.
viyf

tF 110 - 115 110 vgJ viy kW 115 vgJ nk viy
vd miHfgL.

ilbt mfy

xU ilbt nk viyF viyF ilna cs
ahr milbt ms myJ mfy vW miHfgLwJ.
nkTa vLJ fhL 7.1 ilbt ms (mfy) 115 - 110 = 5.
eh ilbtia mfjh vifia Fiwfyh.

uLjkhd ilbtf csd. mit
(i) nk viy nrJbfhsgl tot
(ii) nk viy nrJbfhsglhj tot

(i) nk viy nrJ bfhsgl tot

j ilbt viy nk viy ilbt
nrJbfhsgLwJ. vLJfhlhf Kj ilbt 110 - 114
cauf 110 br.- 114 br.- nrfgLwJ. ulhtJ ilbt
115 - 119 cauf 115 br. kW 119 br. nrfgLwJ. thW kw
ilbtfis vGjyh.

(ii) nk viy nrJ bfhsglhj tot

nkny cs vLJfhL 7.1 Kj ilbt 110 - 115
110 br.l nrJ 115 br.l nrfglhkY UF. ulhtJ
ilbt 115 br. nrJ kW 120 br. I nrfglhkY UF.
Vbd 115 br. uL ilbtfY csJ. J nghw Niy
115 br. vj ilbt viyahf 115 br. mikwnjh mj

ilbt nrJbfhsgLwJ.

nenfhL Ff
nkny cs vLJfhL 7.1 110 - 115 vw ilbt cauf
110 br., 112 br. mikwJ. eh bghGJ
vw nenfhL Fia Ff
ntL.

IJ nenfhL Ffis Ff nto Ujh eh Kj ehF
nenfhL Fia tiuJ IjhtJ nenfhL Fia FWfhf Ff.
Mfnt
vgJ IJ nenfhL Ff bjhF MF.

229

maha

V kig IJ nenfhL Ff bjhF xiw tiuJ, uL
nenfhL Ffis F bfhLJs go |||| || Ff.

fgoa

_W
ufis
bfhl
mltiz
_y
tuf
jugLsd. mltiz Kj u v,
ulh u
nenfhL Ff kW _wh u fbt vw _W
jiyfis
bfhl
mltizia
fgoa
vnwh.
(mltiz 7.3 I ghf)

khf k ilbt Ujh mj fbtfis
mjj ilbtF vnu Fjh ekF fgut ilF. midJ
fbtfis To, TLjiy bkhjF neuhf fbtuYF Hhf
Ff ntL. TLjyhdJ bfhLfgl tuf bkhj vifF
rkkhf UF. nkny Ta Kiw mikF mltizia tufis
mltizgLJj vnwh.
bghGJ vLJfhL 7.1 cs tufis mltizgLjyh.

nk viy nrJbfhsgl tot

ilbtf

nenfhL
FpLf

fbt

110 - 114

||

115 - 119

|||

120 - 124

|||| |

125 - 129

||||

130 - 134

||||

bkhj

20

mltiz 7.1

nk viy nrJbfhsglhj tot

ilbtf

nenfhL Ff

fbt

110 - 115

||

115 - 120

|||

120 - 125

|||| |

125 - 130

||||

130 - 135

||||

bkhj

20

mltiz 7.2
230

tufis ifahSj

bjhFfglhj tufSF fgoa

vLJfhL 7.2

nH bfhLfgl tufSF f goaiy jahf

5, 1, 3, 4, 2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2

1, 5, 1, 3, 2, 1, 5, 3, 3, 2.
:

nkny cs tufUJ, eh 1, 2, 3, 4 kW 5 vw vf L
L tUtij fhzyh. Mjyh 1, 2, 3, 4 kW 5 vw vfis v vw
u xw xwhf vGj.

bghGJ vfis xw xwhfgoJ, mj vQF neuhf,
nenfhL Ff vw u xU nenfhL Fia Lf. nj Kiw
fil v tU tiu Ff. 1, 2, 3, 4 kW 5 vw vfSF vuhf cs
nenfhL Ffis To, TLjiy fbt u Ff. midJ
fbtfis To, TLjiy bkhjF vuhf vGj.
v
1
2
3
4
5

nenfhLFf
||||
||||
||||
||
||||
bkhj

fbt
5
4
5
2
4
20

mltiz 7.3

bfhLJs tufSF fgut mikF bghGJ, eh ftd
bfhs ntoait
(i) njitahd fis njbjLf. mit f ajhfnth
mJ f bgajhfnth UfTlhJ.
(ii) njitahd ilbtfis (myJ ilbt
mfy) njbjLf
(iii) f ilbt k mfJ bfhnl
mtilna ilbt yhkY mikf ntL.

bjhFfgl tufSF fgoa

vLJfhL 7.3

xU fjnj VHh tF 30 khztf vLj kbgf nH
bfhLfgLsd. mj tufSF fgoaiy jahf.

25, 67, 78, 43, 21, 17, 49, 54, 76, 92, 20, 45, 86, 37, 35
60, 71, 49, 75, 49, 32, 67, 15, 82, 95, 76, 41, 36, 71, 62

Fiwj kbg 15.

231

maha

mf kbg 95.

R = f bga k f a k

= 95 15
= 80
9 fis mj ilbt 10 UFkhW njbjLf 10 - 20,
20 - 30,g ,90 - 100- F fgoa nH bfhLfgLsJ.

ilbtf
10 - 20
20 - 30
30 - 40
40 - 50
50 - 60
60 - 70
70 - 80
80 - 90
90 - 100

nenfhLFf
||
|||
||||
||||
||
||||
|||| |
||
||
bkhj

fbt
2
3
4
5
2
4
6
2
2
30

mltiz 7.4

7.2 bjhlahd bjhFfgl fbt goa

bjhlahd bjhFfgl fbt goaYF viyfis
fLoj
tf

(i) Kj nk viyF ulhtJ viyF
cs ahrij fLof.

(ii) mj ahrij 2 M tFf mj ilia x vdbfhf.

(iii) vyh ilbt cs viyUJ x Iff.
(iv) vyh ilbtY cs nk viy x I Tl.
bghGJ ilF xUa viy cikahd viyahF.

vLJfhL 7.4

xU Fl bjhiyfh ffis ghF kf taJ nH
bfhLfgLsJ. mjF fgoaiy jahf.

ilbt
taJ
egf
vif

10 -19

20 -29

30 - 39

40 - 49

50 - 59

60 - 69

45

60

87

52

25

12

232

tufis ifahSj

:

j mltiz ilbtf ilna ilbtf csd.
Mfnt eh fis kh (exclusive method- ) vGbfhnth.

Kj nk viyF ulh viyF cs
ahr
=
20 19 = 1
ahrij 2 M tFf.

x = 1 = 0.5
2

bghGJ 0.5I viyUJ fJ kW 0.5I nk viy
nrf. bghGJ ekF bjhlahd bjhFfgl fbt goaiy
cikahd viyUJ bgwyh.

ilbtf (taJ)

fbt
(egf vif)

9.5 - 19.5

45

19.5 - 29.5

60

29.5 - 39.5

87

39.5 - 49.5

52

49.5 - 59.5

25

59.5 - 69.5

12
mltiz 7.5

g 7.1
1. rahd ilia njbjLf

i) bfhLJs tuf fbga kF fa kF
cs ahr

(A) fbt

(B) viy (C ) ilbt

(D) R

ii) khztf nj tha kbgf 65, 97, 78, 49, 23, 48, 59, 98 v
tuf R

(A) 90

(B) 74

(C) 73

(D) 75

(C) 20

(D) 21

iii) Kj 20 a vf R

(A) 18

(B) 19

iv) ilbt 20 - 30 viy

(A) 30

(M) 20

(C) 25

(D) 10

v) ilbt 50 - 60 nk viy

(A) 50

(B) 60

(C) 10
233

(D) 55

maha

2. nH bfhLfgl tufSF fgoaiy jahf.

10, 15, 13, 12, 14, 11, 11, 12, 13, 15

11, 13, 12, 15, 13, 12, 14, 14, 15, 11

3. xU ef kUJtkid 26 nehahf Ujd. mtfSF

bfhLfgl khiuf nH bfhLfgLsd. mj tufSF
fgoaiy jahf.

2, 4, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 3, 5, 2, 1, 1, 2

4, 5, 1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4.

4. 25 thuf bjhlfgl xU t nr jf fzF

tu nH bfhLfgLsJ. j tufSF f goaiy
jahf.

15, 25, 22, 20, 18, 15, 23, 17, 19, 12, 21, 26, 30

19, 17, 14, 20, 21, 24, 21, 16, 22, 20, 17, 14

5. 20 egf vil (nyh uh) nH bfhLfgLsJ.

42, 45, 51, 55, 49, 62, 41, 52, 48, 64

52, 42, 49, 50, 47, 53, 59, 60, 46, 54

f goaiy bfhLJs ilbtfis itJ mikf

40 - 45, 45 - 50, 50 - 55, 55 - 60 kW 60 - 65.

6. 30
khztf
fjnj
bfhLfgLsJ.

tha

kbgf

45, 35, 60, 41, 8, 28, 31, 39, 55, 72, 22, 75, 57, 33, 51

76, 30, 49, 19, 13, 40, 88, 95, 62, 17, 67, 50, 66, 73, 70

nH

fgoaiy jahf.

7. bfhLJs tufSF bjhlahd bjhFfgl fbt

goaiy jahf.
ilbt
21 - 23
(vil nyh uh)
fbt
2
(khztf
vif)

24 - 26

27 - 29

30 - 32

33 - 35

36 - 38

10

14

8. tU tuf xU njh cs kuf cauij Fwd.

bjhlahd bjhFfgl fbt goaiy jahf.
ilbt
(cau l)
fbt
(kuf
vif)

2 -4

5-7

8 - 10

11 - 13

14 - 16

29

41

36

27

12

234

tufis ifahSj

7.3 bjhFfglhj tufSF ruhr, iliyas, KfL

TLruhr

eh ruhr vw thijia mwhl thif cgnahfgLJnwh.

dK ruhrahf 5 kneu j gofhf bryLwh.

nk khj brid ruhrahf 40 o bra btg UwJ.

nkTa thaf ekF vd brhwd?

dK ruhrahf 5 kneu gowh. y ehf Fiwj
neuK kw ehf mf neuK gowh.

brid ruhrahf 40 o bra btg vgJ nk khj
brid btgiy y rkaf 40 o bra[&F Fiwthfnth kw
rkaf 40 o bra[&F mfkhfnth UjJ vgij FwJ.

ruhr vgJ bfhLJs tuf mf kF Fiwj kF
ilgl kghF.

nuh vgt gntW ghlf fl kbgfis vLJsh.
62, 84, 92, 98, 74.

mtDila ruhr kbgiz fL of

eh Kj gntW ghlf kbgfis Tl.

62 + 84 + 92 + 98 + 74 = 410.
wF mij bkhj ghlf vifah tFf. (mjhtJ 5M)
nuh bgw ruhr kbg = 410 = 82.
5

j k mtDila go mt vLj bt bghJ iyia
bjJ bfhs cjwJ.

mjhtJ ruhr myJ TLruhr vgJ nH tiuaWfgLsJ.
kf TLbjhif

ruhr = kf vif

vLJfhL 7.5

fha 3 ehf Kiwna 4 kneu 5 kneu kW 3 kneu
gowh. mt ruhrahf vjid kneu dK gowh.

:
goj neu TLj
goj ehf vif

= 4 + 5 + 3 k
3
12
=
3
= 4 kneu (xU ehisF).
go ruhrneu =

UJ fha ruhrahf xU ehisF 4 kneu goUwh
vW brhyyh.
235

maha

vLJfhL 7.6

MW FLgf khjtUkhd Kiwna ` 3500, ` 2700, ` 3000, ` 2800,

` 3900, ` 2100 tUkhd ruhria fhf.

:
MW FLgf bkhj tUkhd
FLgf vif
= ` 3500 + 2700 + 3000 + 2800 + 3900 + 2100
6
18000
= `
6

khjtUkhd ruhr =

= ` 3,000.
vLJfhL 7.7
5 ngdhf ruhriy ` 75. 5 ngdhf bkhjiy vd?
:

5 ngdhf bkhjiy
ngdhf vif
5 ngdhf bkhjiy = ruhr # ngdhf vif
ruhr =

= ` 75 # 5
= ` 375

iliy
11 khztfis bfhl FG cauf nH bfhLfgLsd.

106, 110, 123, 125, 115, 120, 112, 115, 110, 120, 115.

clg Ma U bfsj khztfis U FGfshf f Uwh.

U FGfY khztf vif rkkhf Uf ntL. mthW
F nghJ xU FG cs khztf cauf xU Fl cauij l
mfkhf (mf) mLj FG cs khztf cauf mFl
cauij l Fiwthf Uf ntL.

bghGJ U bfsj, khztfis mtf cauf thahf (Fiwj
cauUJ m cau tiu) fitwh.

106, 110, 110, 112, 115, 115,115, 120, 120, 123, 125

bfhLJs tuf iliy k 115. Vbd j k (cau)

5 khztfis bfhl U (rk) FGfshf wJ. j kig iliy
ms vdTwyh. U bfsj eL cs khztid isahLF eLiyahf
itf khwh.

236

tufis ifahSj

tufis VWtir myJ wFtir tirgLJbghGJ
ilF ika k iliy MF.
bfhLJs tuf iliyia fhf.

40, 50, 30, 60, 80, 70

bfhLJs tuf VWtir : 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80.

bfhLfgl vif 6 vgJ uilgil v Mfnt _whtJ
kW ehfhtJ cW iliy cWghF. j uL cWf ruhr
iliy MF.
(mjhtJ) iliy = 50 + 60 = 110 = 55.
2
2

(i) bfhLfgl tuf vif
xiwgilahf Ujh eL cs
cDila gF,
tu iliy MF.
oF ilna cs

(ii) bfhLfgl tuf vif uij
fzL
uilgilahf Ujh uL eL
iliyia fhf.
tuf TLruhrna iliy
MF.

vLJfhL 7.8
fl tuSF iliyia fhf.

3, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7, 2.

tufis VWtir vGJf.

2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

bfhLfgl tuf vif 7.

iliy ms MF.

J xiwgil Mfnt 4 vgJ

vLJfhL 7.9
12, 14, 25, 23, 18, 17, 24, 20 vw tuf iliyia fhf.
:

bfhLj tufis VWtir vGJf.

12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25.

bfhLfgl tuf vif 8.

J uilgil v MF.

Mfnt iliy vgJ U eL tuf

18 kW 20 TLruhr MF.

iliy = 18 + 20 = 38 = 19
2
2
237

beLrhiy cs kr
nfhL il iyahF.

maha

vLJfhL 7.10
Kj 5 gfhvf iliyia fhf.

Kj 5 gfhvf 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
bfhLfgl tuf bkhj vif 5. J xiwgil v
MF. vdnt _whtJ v iliy MF.

mjhtJ 5 vgJ iliy MF.

KfL

fl vLJfhil ftf

Maj Milaf cikahs U. uhft vgt. j fil 40
br.. mss rilfns mf ms gidahtjhf TWwh.

F fil cikahs ftd btntW msf cs
gidahF rilf vif mikJsJ. mt TWgo
40 br.. mss rilfns mf ms gidahwJ. gntW msf
mf ms gidahF rilf msthd 40 br.. ms vgJ gy
msf KfL vdgL.

bfhLfgLs tuf mf vif fhzgL tu
mt KfL vdgL.

mf tuf KfL

tuf ms mfkhF nghJ mtiw vGJtJ vQtJ
vajy jifa jUzf eh tufis mltizgLj ntL.

vLJfhL 7.11

xU fh gJ ngho Kj fl nghof bt f
tUkhW.

1, 3, 2, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 5, 2, 2, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2,
1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2. tF KfL fhf.
:
bt f
vif
1
2
3
4
5
6

nenfhL
Ff
|||| ||||
|||| |||| ||||
|||| ||
||||
|||
||
bkhj
mltiz 7.6
238

Mlf
vif
9
14
7
5
3
2
40

tufis ifahSj

bghGJ eh iuthf 2 vgJ KfL vdyh. Vbd 2 vgJ mf
vif tJsJ. mf Mlf bt f bgwgLsd.

vLJfhL 7.12

nH bfhLfgl tuF Kfil fhf.

3, 3, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7

3 vgJ mf Kiw tJsJ. vdnt tu KfL 3 MF.

vLJfhL 7.13

tU tufSF KfL fhf.

2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5,5, 5, 6,6, 8

kW 5 jyh _W Kiw
tJsd. Mfnt tufSF 2 kW 5
Ma uLnk KfLfshF

vLJfhL 7.14

cfSila
l
thfdf
Kfil fhf.

tU tufSF KfL fhf.

90, 40, 68, 94, 50, 60.

:

F vj vQ mf vif
tuiy. Mfnt j tuF KfL ilahJ.

vLJfhL 7.15
20 FLgf cs FHijf vif
1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3

1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1. KfL fhf.
:
FHijf
vif
1
2
3

neFpL
nfhL
|||| |||| ||
||||
|||
bkhj

FLgf
vif
12
5
3
20

mltiz 7.7

12 FLgf 1 FHijna csJ. Mfnt KfL 1.

239

f
Kfil fhf.

maha

7
g 7.2

1. rahd ilia njbjLf

i) 1, 3, 5, 7 kW 9 TLruhr

(A) 5

(B) 7

(C) 3

ii) 5 khztf ruhr kbg 40 v mtf bkhj kbg

(A) 20

(B) 200

iii) 30,50, 40, 10, 20 iliy

(A) 40
(B) 20 () 30 (<) 10
iv) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 iliy

(D) 9

(A) 6
(B) 8
v) 3, 4, 7, 4, 3, 2, 4 KfL
(A) 3

(B) 4

(C) 8

(D) 4

(C) 7

(D) 14

(C) 7

(D) 2

2. gJ khztf fj kbgf

56, 48, 58, 60, 54, 76, 84, 92, 82, 98. v,

R kW TLruhria fhf.

3. 5 egf vil

72 ., 48 ., 51 ., 69 ., 67 . v mtf ruhr vilia

fhf.

4. uL ghuf 30 l kW 50 l gh jjahf csJ.

uL ghufY ghiy rkkhf glh uL ghuf
bfhss vd?

5. xU Fl thu efu mfgr btgiy 34.8C, 38.5C,

33.4C, 34.7C, 35.8C, 32.8C, 34.3C Mf UjJ. mj thu ruhr
btgiyia fhf.

6. xU bf FG 10 khztf ruhr vil 65.5 .. mj

gJ khztf bkhj vil vd?

7. tU tuf iliyia fhf.

6, 14, 5, 13, 11, 7, 8

8. 7 rhny fof vil(uh) tUkhW

131, 132, 125, 127, 130, 129, 133 t iliyasit fhf.

9. xU kilahs 5 isahLf 60, 100, 78, 54, 49 vW vLj

XlfSfhd iliyasit fhf.

10. Kj VG a vf iliyasit fhf.

240

tufis ifahSj

11. VG khztf d bryfhf tha gz nH bfhLfgLsJ.

` 42, ` 22, ` 40, ` 28, ` 23, ` 26, ` 43.t iliyasit fhf.
12. tU tuF KfL fhf: 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 6, 3, 8, 4.
13. xU gizUJ nrffgl 12 Kilf tU vilfis
bfhLsd.

32 ,40 , 27 , 32 , 38 , 45 ,

40 , 32 , 39 , 40 , 30 , 31 ,
tu Kfil fhf.
14. tU tuF KfL fhf: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
15. tU tuF KfL fhf.

12, 14, 12, 16, 15, 13, 14, 18, 19, 12, 14, 15, 16, 15, 16, 16,

15, 17, 13, 16, 16, 15, 13, 15, 17, 15, 14, 15, 13, 15, 14.

id bfhf!
1.

njitahd jftfis jUw, vrh to mikj vj xU

jft bjhF tu MF.

2. brglhj tu vgJ brKiw gLjglhj kW

tifgLjglhj tu MF.
3. tufis FGf myJ tFf gLjgoUjh mit
bjhFfgl tuf MF.
4. xU Fl k L L vjid jlitf tUwnjh
mj vif mj k fbt MF.
5. R = fbga k - fa k
6. xU ilbt nk viyF viyF ilna
cs ahr milbt ms myJ mfy
vwiHfgLwJ.
7. ruhr vgJ bfhLJs tuf mf kF Fiwj
kF ilgl kghF.
8. ruhr =

kf TLbjhif

kf vif

9. tufis VWtir myJ wF tir tirgLJ bghGJ

ilF ika kig iliy vnwh.
10. bfhLfgLs tuf mf vif fhzgL
tu mt KfL vdgL.
241

ilf

ilf
maha 1
g 1.1
1. i) D
ii) B
iii) C
iv)
2. i) 0
ii) 5
iii) 5
iv)
3. i) 6
ii) 25
iii) 651
iv)
vii) 25
viii) 25
ix) 42
x)
xiii) 1440 xiv) 256
xv) 6000 xvi)
4. i) 135
ii) 16
iii) 182
iv)
5. ` 645
6. 75 kbg

B
0
316 v) 0
vi)
24 xi) 1890 xii)
10800
800 v) 1
vi)
7. `1500

1320
1890
0
8. `240

g 1.2
1. i) C
2. i) 5
vii) 1
3. i) 20
4. 5

ii)
ii)
viii)
ii)

A
10
2
20

iii)
iii)
ix)
iii)

C
4
2
400

iv) A
iv) 1
x) 6

v) 6

vi) 9

v) 14
3

vi) 20

v) 288

vi) 16

g 1.3
1. i) 24
5
77
vii)

4
2. i) 14

ii) 9
7

iii) 2

iv) 3

viii) 10

ix) 8

x) 24

ii) 63

iii) 16

iv) 25

vii) 9

viii) 70

ix) 25

x) 50

iii) 9 3
5

iv) 64 2
7

v) 52 1
2

vi) 85 1
2

iv) 7
18
iv) 9
16
iv) 20 1
8

v) 1

vi) 2
63
vi) 48
35

3. i) 26 1
4
4. 4 l.

ii) 19 4
5

g 1.4
1. i) 1
2. i) 22
27
3. i) 2 4
15
4. 55 .

iii)
ii) 7
12
ii) 1
iii)
5
ii) 4 29 iii)
40
5. 12 1 k
4

7
12
1
4
7 1
2

242

v) 9
2
v) 59 13
16

ilf
g 1.5
1. i) 7
5

ii) 9
4
5
vii) 13
viii)
7
2. i) 1
ii) 1
15
54
8
35
3. i)
ii)

5
36
4. 21 Uilf

iii) 7
10

iv) 4
9

v) 2
33

vi) 9

iii) 1
iv) 1
6
12
7
iii) 4
iv) 1 11
12
16
5. 40 ./k

g 1.6
1. i) A

ii) C

iiii) B

iv) D

2. i) - 20 , - 19 , - 18 , - 17
15
15
15
15

ii) 7 , 6 , 5 , 4
6 6 6 6

iii) 48 , 47 , 46 , 45
28 28 28 28
3. i) - 3
4

ii) - 3
8

iii) - 3
5

iv) - 5
3

v) - 1
2

1. i) C

ii) C

iii) D

iv) D

2. i) 18
5

ii) 24
13

iii) 2

iv) - 12
13

viii) 3

ix) 24
7

x) - 13
30

ii) 4

iii) - 9
44

iv) - 5
16

viii) - 41
60

ix) - 1
27

x) 1
12

4. i) 2
35

ii) 1
4

iii) 19
12

iv) 3
2

v) - 43
28

5. i) 4 7
11

ii) 3 1
2

iii) 1 7
11

iv) 5 3
4

v) 1 17 vi) 4 7
40
132

5. i, iv, v
g 1.7

vii) - 43
21
3. i) 1
vii) - 69
26

vii) 6 41 viii) 3 7
42
210
6. 7
4

7. 4
5

8. 13 17 ..
20

9. 18 3 .. 10. 3 9 ..
4
10
243

v) 13
3

vi) 19
42

v) 23
20

vi) 1

ilf
g 1.8
1. i) C

ii) B

iii) A

iv) A

2. i) - 72
25

ii) - 35
169

iii) - 7
24

iv) - 12
11

3. i) - 15
4

ii) 5

iii) 26 98 iv) 66 44
125
375

4. i) 16
81

ii) - 3
2

iii) - 8
7

iv) 9 3
43

5. 9
7

6. 3
2

v) 20

vi) 2
9
v) 45
28

g 1.9
1. i) C

ii) C

iii) A

iv) C

2. i) 2.1

ii) 40.5

iii) 17.1

iv) 82.8

v) 0.45

vi) 1060.15

ix) 10.34

x) 1.041 xi) 4.48

xii) 0.00125

iii) 4567

iv) 2960.8 v) 3230

vi) 17140

vii) 2.58

viii) 1.05

xiii) 2.108

xiv) 0.0312

3. i) 14

ii) 46.8

vi) 478
4. 51.5 br. 2 5. 756 ..
g 1.10
1. i) A

ii) B

iii) C

iv) B

2. i) 0.3

ii) 0.09

iii) 1.16

iv) 10.8

v) 196.3

3. i) 0.68

ii) 4.35

iii) 0.09

iv) 4.43

v) 37.348 vi) 0.079

4. i) 0.056

ii) 0.007

iii) 0.0069 iv) 7.436

v) 0.437

5. i) 0.0089

ii) 0.0733

iii) 0.04873

iv) 0.1789

v) 0.0009

vi) 0.00009

iii) 12.5

iv) 8.19

v) 2

vi) 3.04
vi) 0.7873

6. i) 2

ii) 160

vi) 35

7. 23 .

8. 10.5 . 9. ` 9

10. 42.2 ./k

1. i) A

ii) A

iii) C

iv) C

2. i) 256

ii) 27

iii) 1331

iv) 1728

v) 28561 vi) 0

3. i) 76

ii) 15

iii) 106

iv) b5

v) 22a4

vi) (1003)3

4. i) 23 33

ii) 35

iii) 54

iv) 210

v) 55

vi) 105

5. i) 45

ii) 25

iii) 32

iv) 56

v) 27

vi) 47

11. 14.4

g 1.11

244

ilf
6. i) 52 22

ii) 27 31 iii) 21 31 1331

v) 22 3 79

vi) 27 51

7. i) 200000

iii) 2025

ii) 0

iv) 2 1 3 1 1131

iv) 1296

v) 9000000000

vi) 0

8. i) 125

ii) 1

iii) 72

iv) 2000 v) 10584 vi) 131072

1. i) B

ii) A

iii) C

iv) C

2. i) 312

ii) a12

iii) 75 + x

iv) 107

v) 59

3. i) 54

ii) a4

iii) 1010

iv) 42

v) 30 = 1

4. i) 312

ii) 220

iii) 220

iv) 1

v) 520

g 1.12

maha - 2
g 2.1
1. (i) A

(ii) D

(iii) D

(iv) B

(v) C

2. kh: 5, 9.5; kh: a, xy, p.

3. (i) x + 6

(ii) m 7 (iii) 3q + 11 (iv) 3x + 10

(v) 5y 8

4. 3, 4, 9
5. (i) y2 x, bfG = y2. (ii) x , bfG = 1.
(iii) 3x, bfG = 3. (iv) 5xy2, bfG = 5y2.
6. (i) my2, bfG = m. (ii) 6y2, bfG = 6.
(iii) 9xy2, bfG = 9x.
g 2.2
1. (i) B

(ii) D

(iii) D

(iv) D

2. (i) 4x, 7x

(ii) 7b, 3b (iii) 3x2y, 8yx2

(v) A
(iv) a2b, 7a2b

(v) 5pq, 25pq ; 3q, 70q ; p2q2, 14 p2 q2

3. (i) 2

(ii) 2

(iii) 3

4. (i) 10

(ii) 10

(iii) 11

5. (i) 21

(ii) 34

(iii) 82

(ii) B

(iii) A

(iv) 4

(v) 2

(iv) D

(v) A

g 2.3
1. (i) C

2. (i) 13a + 2b (ii) 5l 4l2 (iii) 16z2 16z

245

ilf
(iv) p q

(v) 7mn 6m2 3n2

(vi) x2 3xy + 7y2

3. (i) 2ab

(ii) 2s + t (iii) 3a 2b + 2p + 3q

(iv) 5a 5b + 4 (v) 2x + 2y 2
(vi) 7c + 4 (vii) 3m2n + 5mn 4n2 + 4
(ii) 7a2b

(iii) 11x2y2

(iv) 2xy + 16

(v) 5n 2mn + 3m

(vi) 5p 15p2

(vii) 8m2 6m 12

(viii) s2 6s 4

(ix) 9n2 10mn 9m2

5. (i) x2 + 5xy 3y2

(ii) 9p 2q 6

4. (i) 8a

6. 6a 6

(iii) 4x 3y + 9

7. 16x + 12

8. 12a 2
(ii) p2 + 8p + 12

10. (i) 8p2 9p 11

9. 7x 8 l

11. 2m2 + 5m + 10
g 2.4
1. (i) B

(ii) A

(iii) D

(iv) C

2. (i) x + 2y

(ii) y z

(iii) xy + 4

(v) A

(iv) 3x 4y (v 3x > 4y) myJ 4y 3x (v 4y > 3x)

(v) 10 + x + y

(vi) pq 5

(viii) ab (a + b)

(ix) 3cd + 6

(vii) 12 mn
(x)

4xy
3

g 2.5
1. (i) B

(ii) A

(iii) C

2. (i) x = 12

(ii) a = 7

(iii) y = 6 (iv) b = 2 (v) x = 5

(vi) x = 7

(vii) x = 5

3. (i) x = 50

(ii) l = 14

(vi) t = 4 (vii) x = 6
4. (i) x = 14

(iv) C

(v) D

(viii) n = 4 (ix) m = 11 (x) y = 27

(iii) x = 4

(iv) a = 3

(v) x = 9

(viii) m = 3 (ix) x = - 1 (x) x = 6

2

(ii) a = 30

(iii) n = 24 (iv) p = 56 (v) x = 10

(ii) x = 15

(iii) z = 5

(vi) m = 12
5. (i) x = 3
(vi) x = 5

(vii) y = 67

(xi) x = 11 (xii) m = 1
6. 15

7. 13

11. 37

12. 60

(viii) x = 6

(iv) a = 9 (v) x = 3
(ix) y = 3

(x) m = 6

(xiii) x = 3 (xiv) x = 3 (xv) t = 1

8. 108
13. 35

246

9. 12

10. 8

ilf
maha - 3
g 3.1
1. (i) ` 360

(ii) ` 75

(iii) 325 . (iv) 8 (v) 15

2. 100 .

3. 120 Maf

4. 80 .

5. 216 r..

6. 26 .

7. 7.5 k

8. 15 ehf

9. 156 uf

10. 105 gff 11. 40 ehf

g 3.2
1. (i) 20%

(ii) 93%

(iii) 11%

(iv) 1%

(v) 100%

2. (i) 43 : 100 (ii) 75 : 100 (iii) 5 : 100 (iv) 35:200 (v) 100 : 300
3. (i) 25
100

(ii) 25
200

(iii) 33
100

(iv) 70
100

(v) 82

100

g 3.3
1. (i) 625%

(ii) 0.03% (iii) 25% (iv) 33 1

2. (i) 100%

(ii) 18%

(iii) 5.25% (iv) 66.67% (v) 45.45%

3. (i) 36%

(ii) 3%

(iii) 7.1% (iv) 305% (v) 75%

4. 2 0%

(v) 50

5. 13.89%

6. khzf 46%; khztf 54

7. mt ma mf kbg bgwh.
8. nr 10%; bry 90%
g 3.4
1. (i) 3

(ii) 1

(iii) 0.25

(iv) ` 30

10
2. (i) 9
100

200
(ii) 3
4

3. (i) 0.07

(ii) 0.64

(iii) 3.75

4. (i) 18

(ii) ` 24

(iii) 36 (iv) 108

(iii)

1 (iv) 1
400
40

5. ` 6250

6. 9 nghof

8. ` 38250

9. 3975 gofhjtf

(v) ` 7.50
(v) 2
3

(iv) 0.0003 (v) 0.005

(v) 3.75 .

7. 12,800Mf; 11,200 FHijf

247

ilf
g 3.5
1. (i) 50

(ii) 15

(iv) mlf iy (v)

(iii) yhg ` 35
10

2. yhg = ` 24, el = ` 21;

yhg = ` 35.45, el = ` 3362, el = ` 7.50
3. (i) ` 530

(ii) ` 620

(iv) ` 336.75

(v) ` 943.50

4. 10%

5. 12%

(iii) ` 1027.50

6. 60% 7. 15%

g 3.6
1. (i) ` 200
tUl
2. ` 2,500; ` 7,500
5. ` 2,630

(iii) tUl (iv)

3. ` 450; ` 1,650

6. ` 216; ` 12,216

9. 2 tUlf 10. 10%

12. ` 5,400

(ii) ` 500
(v) ` 15,000

7. 5%

4. ` 2,250
8. ` 1,000

11. 8 tUlf

13. ` 5,000; 10%

maha - 4
g 4.1
1. (i) 175 br. 2 (ii) 365 br. 2 (iii) 750 br. 2 (iv) 106 br. 2
2. 40 XLf
3. Knfhz tot y
4. kF yhg 100 r.
5. rJu gugs.
g 4.2
1. (i) 9 br. 2 (ii) 26 br. 2 (iii) 150 br. 2
2. (i) 24 br. 2 (ii) 3 2

(iii) 10.5 2

3. (i) 10

(ii) 20 br. (iii) 16.5

4. (i) 18

(ii) 5

(iii) 8 br.

5. bkhj bry ` 1,820

248

(iv) 30 br. 2

4
5

ilf
g 4.3
1. 117 br. 2
2. (i) 67.5 br. 2 (ii) 73 br. 2 (iii) 50.4 br. 2
3. 150 br. 2 4. 12 br.

5. 18750 2

g 4.4
1. (i) C

(ii) C

(iii) D

2. (i) 45 br. 2 (ii) 48 br. 2

(iii) 12 br. 2

3. (i) 252 br. 2 (ii) 180 br. 2

(iii) 241.5 br. 2

4. 112 br. 2

5. 24300 m2

(iv) 58.1 br. 2

6. 12 br.

g 4.5
1. (i) C

(ii) D

(iii) B

2. (i) 90 br. 2 (ii) 118.3 br. 2

3. 96 br. 2

(iii) 536.5 br. 2

4. 80 br. 5. ` 8400

g 4.6
1. (i) B

(ii) A

(iii) D

(iv) D

2. (i) 50 br. 2 (ii) 66 br. 2 (iii) 80.5 br. 2

3. 12 br.

4. 875 2

5. 19.2 br.

g 4.7
1. (i) B

(ii) C

(iii) A

(iv) B

(v) D

2. (i) d = 70 br. , c = 220 br.

(ii) r = 28 br. , c = 176 br.
(iii) r = 4.9 br. , d = 9.8 br.
3. (i) 110 br. (ii) 264 br. (iii) 374 br. (iv) 462 br.
4. (i) 79.2 br. (ii) 396 br. (iii) 8.8 (iv) 26.4
5. (i) 17.5 br. ( ii) 21 br. (iii) 0.7 (iv) 1.75
6. 660

7. ` 1232

8. 1.05 9. 37

249

(iv) 120 br. 2

ilf
g 4.8
1. (i) 38.5 br. 2

(ii) 86.625 br. 2

(iii) 18.865 2

(iv) 31. 185 2

2. (i) 4.525 br. 2

(ii) 616 br. 2

(iii) 55.44 2

(iv) 98.56 2

3. ` 1848

4. 154 2

5. tl

6. 38.5 2

7. 1936 br. 2 8. r = 35, ` 2200

g 4.9
1. 636 2

2. ` 1152

3. ` 1590

4. 375 br. 2

5. 40 2, 30 2

6. 3256 br. 2

1. 6594 2

2. 536.94 2

3. ` 24,062.50

4. 35.325 2

5. ` 4494

g 4.10

maha - 5
g 5.1
1. (i) B

(ii) C

(iii) A

(iv) B

(v) A

2. (i) rkgf Knfhz - 3 rk nfhLf; (ii) rhrJu - 4 rk nfhLf

5. (i) Urkgf Knfhz (ii) rkgf Knfhz (iii)mrkgf Knfhz
g 5.2
1. (i) C

(ii) B

(iii) D

(iv) B

(v) D

2. (i) 90

(ii) 90

(iii) 180

3. (i) 90, 4

(ii) 72, 5 (iii) 180, 2

(iv) 360, 1

(ii) B

(v) D

(iv) 180

4. 45, 8
g 5.3
1. (i) A

(iii) C

(iv) D

2. (i) + DOC, + COB; + COB, + BOA

(ii) + QOX, + XOP; + POY, + YOQ; + YOQ, + QOX; + XOP, + POY

250

ilf
3. + POR, + QOS; + SOP, + ROQ
4. (i) 150

(ii) 100

(iii) 110

(iv) 120

(v) 135

5. + BOC = 145; + AOD = 145; + COA = 35.

6. (i) 80

(ii) 110

(iii) 20

(iv) 80

(v) 36

(vi) 45

7. y = 120; x = 60
8. x = 25
g 5.4
1. (i) C

(ii) C

2. (i) xj nfhzf

(iii) B

(iv) C

(v) D

(ii) xW l cnfhzf

(iii) FWF bto xnu gf mikj xU nrho cnfhzf TLj.

3. (i) + PMB (ii) + PMB (iii) + DNM (iv) + DNQ
4. (i) + 1, + 5; + 4, + 8; + 2, + 6; + 3, + 7

(ii) + 4, + 6; + 3, + 5

(iii) + 3, + 6; + 4, + 5

(iv) + 1, + 3; + 2, + 4; + 5, + 7; + 6, + 8

5. (i) 30

(iii) 95

(ii) 50

(iv) 130

6. + 1 = 70, + 2 = 110, + 3 = 70, + 4 = 110

+ 5 = 70, + 6 = 110, + 7 = 70, + 8 = 110
7. (i) l vgJ m F iz my. (FWF bto xnu gf mikj
cnfhzf TLj 180 iy).
(ii) l vgJ m F iz my. (x = 75 FWF bto xnu gf
mikj cnfhzf TLj 180 iy).
(iii) l vgJ m F iz (y = 60 xj nfhzf rk)
(iv) l vgJ m F iz (x = 110 xW l nfhzf rk)
8. +1 = 44 , +2 = 136

251

ilf
g 5.5
1. (i) B

(ii) C

(iii) C

(iv) D

(v) D

2. (i) + A = 25, + B = 35, + C = 120

3. (i) 60

(ii) 70

(iii) 50

(iv) 50

4. (i) 70

(ii) 60

(iii) 40

(iv) 30

(v) 65, 65

(vi) 60, 60, 60

5. (i) y = 60, x = 70

(ii) y = 80, x = 50

(iii) y = 70, x = 110

(iv) x = 60, y = 90

(v) y = 90, x = 45

(vi) x = 60, y = 50

6. x = 50.
maha - 7
g 7.1
1. (i) D

(ii) D

(iii) B

(iv) B

(v) B

(ii) B

(iii) C

(iv) C

(v) B

g 7.2
1. (i) A

2. R 50; TL ruhr. = 70.8

3. 61.4 ..

4. 40 l 5. 34.9C

6. 655.0 .

7. 8

12. 3

8. 130 uh

13. 32 uh 40 uh

9. 60 10. 4 11. ` 28

14. KfL iy

252

15. 15