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MATH HL
REVISION 2.10 SOLUTIONS
POLYNOMIALS - INEQUALITIES
Instructor: Christos Nikolaidis

PONYNOMIALS

1. If x + 2 is a factor of f(x) then f(2) = 0 (M1)(A1)
0 10 8 8 ) 2 ( = + = k f 6 = k (M1)(A1) (A2) (C6)
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2. By the remainder theorem,
f (1) = 6 11 22 a + 6= 20 a = 1 (M1) (M1) (A2)
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3. f(x) = x
4
+ ax + 3
f(1) = 8 (M1) (A1)
1 + a + 3 = 8 a = 4 (M1) (A1) (A2) (C6)
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4. Using the remainder and factor theorems, or long division,
8 + 4a 6 + b = 0 (M1)(A1)
l + a + 3 + b = 6 (M1)(A1)
a = 2, b = 6 (A1)(A1) (C6)
Note: Award (C2) for one correct answer with no working.
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Extra questions:
(b) ) 3 )( 2 ( ) (
2
= x x x p ) 3 )( 3 )( 2 ( + = x x x (c) 3 , 3 , 2 = = = x x x

5. p(x) = (ax +b)
3

p(1) = 1 (b a)
3
= 1 b a = 1 (M1) (A1)
p(2) = 27 (2a + b)
3
= 27 2a + b = 3 (A1)
Thus, a =
3
4
, b =
3
1
. (A1)
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Extra question:
(b)
4
1
0 = = + x b ax

6. The remainder when divided by (x 2) is
f(2) = 8 + 12 + 2a + b = 2a + b + 20 (M1)
and when divided by (x + 1), the remainder is
f(1) = 1 + 3 a + b = 2 a + b. (M1)
These remainders are equal when 2a + 20 = 2 a
giving a = 6. (A1) (C3)
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7.
2
OR

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Extra questions:
(b) = ) (x f ) 1 )( 2 )( 2 ( + x x x (c) 1 , 2 , 2 = = = x x x
8.

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Extra questions:
(b) ) (x P ) 1 2 )( 3 )( 1 ( + + = x x x
9. METHOD 1
x
2
4x + 3 = (x 3)(x 1) (M1)(A1)
EITHER 1 + (a 4) + (3 4a) + 3 = 0 Solving, a = 1 (M1)(A1)(M1)(A1)
OR 27 + 9(a 4) + 3(3 4a) + 3 = 0 Solving, a = 1 (M1)(A1) (M1)(A1) (C6)
METHOD 2
Using the information given it follows that
x
3
+ (a 4)x
2
+ (3 4a)x + 3 (x
2
4x + 3)(x + 1) (M1)(A1)
Comparing coefficients of x
2
(or x) (M1)
a 4 = 3 (or 3 4a = 1) (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for each side of the equation.
giving a = 1 (A1) (C6)
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Extra questions:
(b) ) 1 )( 1 )( 3 ( + x x x
10.

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11.


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3
12. a) a = 2, b = 3, c = 3 b) a = 6, b = 2, c = 6
13. a) a = 0 b) = ) (x f ) 3 )( 1 ( x x x d) 3 1 0 x or x
14. a) a = 15 b) = ) (x f
2
) 3 )( 1 ( x x d) 1 x
15. a) a = 3 b) = ) (x f ) 1 )( 1 ( 3
2
+ + x x x d) 1 x
16. a) 1 = x ,
2
1
= x ,
2
3
= x b) = ) (x f ) 3 2 )( 1 2 )( 1 ( + x x x
17. b)
3
2
2 > < k or k b)
3
2
2 = = k or k c)
3
2
2 k
18. a) ) 5 )( 3 )( 2 ( ) ( + + + = x x x x f
b) horizontal translation 3 units to the right, followed by a reflection in x-axis


INEQUALITITES

19. METHOD 1
2.3 1 1.3

(M2)
x
2
4 +
x
3
< 0=> 2.30 < x < 0 or l < x < 1.30 (G2)(G2) (C6)
METHOD 2
x
2
4 +
x
3
< 0=>
x
x x 3 4
3
+
< 0 (M1)
=>
( )( )
x
x x x 3 1
2
+
< 0 (M1)
Critical values: l,
2
1
(l 13 ), 0 (A2)
+

+
1
2
(1+ 13)
1
2
(1+ 13) 0 1

=>
2
1
( 13 + 1) < x < 0 or 1 < x <
2
1
( 13 1) (A1)(A1) (C6)
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4
20. METHOD 1
Graph of f(x) g(x)
M1
1 4 x
y
14

Note: Award (A1) for each branch.
x < l or 4< x 14 A1A1 6
Note: Each value and inequality sign must be correct.
METHOD 2
0
4
2
1
4

+
+
x
x
x
x
0
) 4 )( 1 (
2 16
2 2

+
+ +
x x
x x x
0
) 4 )( 1 (
14

+

x x
x
M1 A1
Critical value of x = 14 A1
Other critical values x = 1 and x = 4 A1
+ +
1 4 14
x < 1 or 4 < x 14 A1A1 6
Note: Each value and inequality sign must be correct.
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21. METHOD 1
5 3xx + 1 25 30x + 9x
2
x
2
+ 2x + 1 (M1)
8x
2
32x + 24 0 8(x 1)(x 3) 0 (M1)
1 x 3 (A1) (C3)

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METHOD 3
Sketch the graph of y = 5 3xx + 1.
y x x =|53 || + 1|
0
4
1 3
x
y
(G2)
From this graph we see that
y 0 for 1 x 3. (A1)(C3)
METHOD 2

y=|x+1|
y=| x 53 |
A
0
x
y
5
B
5
3

(G1)
We obtain A = (1, 2) and B = (3, 4). (G1)
Therefore, 1 x 3. (A1)(C3)
5
22. METHOD 1
The graphs of y = x 2| and y = |2x +1| meet where
(x 2) = (2x + 1) = > x = 3 (M1)(A1)
(x 2) = (2x + 1) = > x =
3
1
(M1)(A1)
Test any value, e.g. x = 0 satisfies inequality (M1)
so x

3
1
, 3 . (A1) (C6)
METHOD 2
(x 2)
2
(2x + 1)
2
x
2
4x + 4 4x
2
+ 4x + l

(M1) (A1)
3x
2
+ 8x 3 0 (3x 1)(x + 3) 0 (or find roots of equation) (A1) (A1)
Test any value, e.g. x = 0 satisfies inequality. (M1)
So x

3
1
, 3 . (A1) (C6)
METHOD 3
A
B 2 + 1 x
x 2

(G1) (G1)
We obtain for A, x = 3 and for B, x =
3
1
(G1) (G1)
From the graph, x

3
1
, 3 . (M1)(A1) (C6)
Note: Award (C5) for an open interval.
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23. Note: If no working shown or if working is incorrect, award (C3) for one correct interval.
METHOD 1
The critical values occur when
9
9

+
x
x
= 2 x = 3, 27 (M1)(A1)
Consider [, 3]: value of function at 0 is 1 which is 2. (A1)
Consider [3, 27]: value of function at 12 is 7 which is not 2. (A1)
Consider [27, [: value of function at 36 is
3
5
which is 2. (A1)
The required solution set is therefore ], 3] [27, [ (A1) (C6)
METHOD 2

y
x
y = 2
y =
x
x
+ 9
9
(M1)(A1)(A1)
], 3] [27, [ (A1)(A1)(A1) (C6)
Notes: Penalize [1 mark] for open end at 3 and /or 27.
Award the final (A1) for the symbol or the word or.
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6
24. either algebraically or graphically: x 0.5 or x > 3
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26.

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27.

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28. (a) x-interxepts: 0.354, 1.36, 2.59, 2.95
Max: (1.57,0.352), Min: (1,-0.640) and (2.77,-0.0129)
(b) 0 < 0.354 or 1.36 < x < 2.59 or 2.95 < x < 4
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25.