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Al Balqa Applied University Faculty of Engineering Technology General Chemistry Lab Report

Title : Thermodynamics(I) Enthalpy of Dissociation Experiment Number : 9 Date : 21 / 04 / 2010 Instructor : Dr. Ali F. Al-Shawabkeh Student : Rakan H. Abulawi Student ID : 30915021163

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(Experiment (8

Thermodynamics(I) Enthalpy of Dissociation

Objective : Calculate the pH for HCl with NaOH, and H CH3COOH with NaOH. Introduction: In all chemical and physical changes that occur in nature, heat energy is either absorbed or evolved. The heat flow that occurs at constant pressure is quantitatively referred to as the en enthalpy of reaction (Hrxn). Depending on the type of reaction studied, several types of enthalpies of reactions can be determined, like the enthalpy of neutralization, heat of formation and heat of solution. The enthalpy change for any reaction can be determined experimentally using the following relationship: Hsys = Hrxn = -Hsurr The enthalpy change for the reaction that is occurring is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the heat change in the contents of the calorimeter. This is because the measured temperature is that of the solution in the calorimeter which is responding to the enthalpy change in the reaction under investigation. This means that you will not measure the enthalpy change of reaction directly but merely its effect on the surrounding environment.

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In this experiment, you will measure the heat capacity of a simple cup calorimeter. Then using Hess law, you will calculate the enthalpy of dissociation of the following reaction. CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) CH3COO-(aq) + H3O+(aq)

Calculations involved: The surrounding, namely the solution and the calorimeter, absorbs the energy evolved by any chemical reaction. The heat (q), absorbed by the calorimeter, is calculated from the following equation: q=C. T Where: C is the heat capacity of the calorimeter measured in J/0C. T is the temperature change in the reaction solution. The heat absorbed by solution is given by the following equation: q = m .Cp . T Where: m is the mass of the solution. T is the temperature change in the reaction solution. Cp is the specific heat of the solution, measured in J/g 0C.

Since the enthalpy change is an extensive property, the amount of heat

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generated by the reaction is given by the expression q = n . H

Where: n is the number of moles of a specific reactant.

H is the enthalpy change measured in KJ/mol.

In the first part of this experiment, you wil1 measure the heat capacity of a simple calorimeter. Then the heats of neutralization of acid base reactions (HCl NaOH; CH3COOH NaOH) will be measured and the heat of dissociation of acetic acid (reaction I)

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Procedure: A1: Heat of neutralization of HCl NaOH reaction:

H+(aq) + OH-(aq)

H2O(l)

; Hneut

In this part of experiment, you must use the calibrated calorimeter.

1.

Place about 25 mL of 2.0M HCl solution in the calorimeter calibrated

in the previous step and then measure its temperature.

2. 3.

Introduce 25 mL of 2.0M NaOH solution in the other beaker. With the thermometer placed in HCl solution, pour the 25 mL of

NaOH solution into the acid solution stirring gently with the thermometer. Record the highest temperature observed. 4. After the solution cools to room temperature, weigh the calorimeter

and its content; 5. Tabulate your data as follows : Trial (1) Mass of dry empty 100mL beaker Mass of 100 mL beaker + NaCl solution Mass of NaCl solution Initial temperature of HCl solution Highest temperature after mixing Change in temperature observed Heat gained by the calorimeter = ...

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Heat gained by the solution = . .

Heat lost by the reaction = .. .

Moles of water formed = .. .

Hrxn (KJ/mol H2O) = .

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A.2 Heat of neutralization of acetic acid: CH3COOH + NaOH 1. CH3COO-Na+(aq) + H2O ; Hneut

Repeat exactly the steps mentioned in part A.1 replacing the HCl

solution with acetic acid solution. 2. Tabulate your data as follows : Trial (1) Mass of dry empty 100mL beaker Mass of 100 mL beaker + acetate solution Mass of sodium acetate solution Initial temperature of acetic acid solution(tl) Highest temperature after mixing (tmax) Change in temperature observed t

Heat gained by the calorimeter = .

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Heat gained by the solution = .

Heat lost by the reaction = . . Moles of water formed = .. . Hrxn (KJ/mol H2O) = . A.3 Heat of dissociation of weak acid: The heat of dissociation of acetic acid is calculated by the application of Hesss law on the following equations: H2 O H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ;H1

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CH3COOH(aq) + OHCH3COOH(aq) + OHHdiss = H1 + H2

(aq)

CH3COO-Na+(aq) + H2O(l) ;H2 CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq) ;Hdiss

(aq)

Heat of dissociation of acetic acid = . Some useful data: Specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g 0C. Specific heat of 1.0M sodium acetate solution (CH3COONa) = 3.95 J/g 0C. Discussion :