(P3) Final Project

Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study 1
Chapter 1 Overview of Internet Industry

1.1 Introduction
Internet is a short form of the technical term internetwork the result of interconnecting computer networks with special gateways or routers. The Internet is also often referred to as the Net. The term Internet, when referring to the entire global system of IP networks has been treated as a proper noun and written with an initial capital letter. In the media and popular culture a trend has also developed to regard it as a generic term or common noun and thus write it as "the internet", without capitalization. The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The hardware and software infrastructure of the Internet establishes a global data communications system between computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web interchangeably, but in fact the two terms are not synonymous. The Internet and the Web are two separate but related things. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, records, information, facts and figures, news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. There are a variety of ways to access the Internet. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP).
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Rizvi Academy of Management
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study
1.2 Definition of Internet

The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers). It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANet. The original aim was to create a network that would allow users of a research computer at one university to be able to "talk to" research computers at other universities. A side benefit of ARPANet's design was that, because messages could be routed or rerouted in more than one direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or other disaster. Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Physically, the Internet uses a portion of the total resources of the currently existing public telecommunication networks. Technically, what distinguishes the Internet is its use of a set of protocols called TCP/IP (for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Two recent adaptations of Internet technology, the intranet and the extranet, also make use of the TCP/IP protocol. For many Internet users, electronic mail (e-mail) has practically replaced the Postal Service for short written transactions. Electronic mail is the most widely used application on the Net. You can also carry on live "conversations" with other computer users, using Internet Relay Chat (IRC). More recently, Internet telephony hardware and software allows real-time voice conversations. The most widely used part of the Internet is the World Wide Web (often abbreviated "WWW" or called "the Web"). Its outstanding feature is hypertext, a method of instant cross-referencing. In most Web sites, certain words or phrases appear in text of a different color than the rest; Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
often this text is also underlined. When you select one of these words or phrases, you will be transferred to the site or page that is relevant to this word or phrase. Sometimes there are buttons, images, or portions of images that are "clickable." If you move the pointer over a spot on a Web site and the pointer changes into a hand, this indicates that you can click and be transferred to another site. Using the Web, you have access to millions of pages of information. Web browsing is done with a Web browser, the most popular of which are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. The appearance of a particular Web site may vary slightly depending on the browser you use. Also, later versions of a particular browser are able to render more "bells and whistles" such as animation, virtual reality, sound, and music files, than earlier versions. Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, information, facts, figures, statistics, records, news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community. Remarkably, this anarchy by design works exceedingly well. There are a variety of ways to access the Internet. Most online services, such as America Online, offer access to some Internet services. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP).
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1.3 Technology
1.3.1 Protocols
The communications infrastructure of the Internet consists of its hardware components and a system of software layers that control various aspects of the architecture. While the hardware can often be used to support other software systems, it is the design and the rigorous standardization process of the software architecture that characterizes the Internet and provides the foundation for its scalability and success. The responsibility for the architectural design of the Internet software systems has been delegated to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The IETF conducts standard-setting work groups, open to any individual, about the various aspects of Internet architecture. Resulting discussions and final standards are published in a series of publications, each called a Request for Comments (RFC), freely available on the IETF web site. The principal methods of networking that enable the Internet are contained in specially designated RFCs that constitute the Internet Standards. Other less rigorous documents are simply informative, experimental, or historical, or document the best current practices (BCP) when implementing Internet technologies. The Internet standards describe a framework known as the Internet protocol suite. This is a model architecture that divides methods into a layered system of protocols (RFC 1122, RFC 1123). The layers correspond to the environment or scope in which their services operate. At the top is the application layer, the space for the application-specific networking methods used in software applications, e.g., a web browser program. Below this top layer, the transport layer connects applications on different hosts via the network (e.g., clientserver model) with appropriate data exchange methods. Underlying these layers are the core networking technologies, consisting of two layers. The internet layer enables computers to identify and locate each other via Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, and allows them to connect to oneAvesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
another via intermediate (transit) networks. Last, at the bottom of the architecture, is a software layer, the link layer, that provides connectivity between hosts on the same local network link, such as a local area network (LAN) or a dial-up connection. The model, also known as TCP/IP, is designed to be independent of the underlying hardware, which the model therefore does not concern itself with in any detail. Other models have been developed, such as the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, but they are not compatible in the details of description or implementation; many similarities exist and the TCP/IP protocols are usually included in the discussion of OSI networking. The most prominent component of the Internet model is the Internet Protocol (IP), which provides addressing systems (IP addresses) for computers on the Internet. IP enables internetworking and in essence establishes the Internet itself. IP Version 4 (IPv4) is the initial version used on the first generation of today's Internet and is still in dominant use. It was designed to address up to ~4.3 billion (109) Internet hosts. However, the explosive growth of the Internet has led to IPv4 address exhaustion, which entered its final stage in 2011, when the global address allocation pool was exhausted. A new protocol version, IPv6, was developed in the mid-1990s, which provides vastly larger addressing capabilities and more efficient routing of Internet traffic. IPv6 is currently in growing deployment around the world, since Internet address registries (RIRs) began to urge all resource managers to plan rapid adoption and conversion. IPv6 is not interoperable with IPv4. In essence, it establishes a parallel version of the Internet not directly accessible with IPv4 software. This means software upgrades or translator facilities are necessary for networking devices that need to communicate on both networks. Most modern computer operating systems already support both versions of the Internet Protocol. Network infrastructures, however, are still lagging in this development. Aside from the Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
complex array of physical connections that make up its infrastructure, the Internet is facilitated by bi- or multi-lateral commercial contracts (e.g., peering agreements), and by technical specifications or protocols that describe how to exchange data over the network. Indeed, the Internet is defined by its interconnections and routing policies.
1.3.2 Structure
The Internet structure and its usage characteristics have been studied extensively. It has been determined that both the Internet IP routing structure and hypertext links of the World Wide Web are examples of scale-free networks. Similar to the way the commercial Internet providers connect via Internet exchange points, research networks tend to interconnect into large sub networks such as GEANT, GLORIAD, Internet2, and the UK's national research and education network JANET. These in turn are built around smaller networks. Many computer scientists describe the Internet as a "prime example of a large-scale, highly engineered, yet highly complex system". The Internet is heterogeneous; for instance, data transfer rates and physical characteristics of connections vary widely. The Internet exhibits "emergent phenomena" that depend on its large-scale organization. For example, data transfer rates exhibit temporal self-similarity. The principles of the routing and addressing methods for traffic in the Internet reach back to their origins the 1960s when the eventual scale and popularity of the network could not be anticipated. Thus, the possibility of developing alternative structures is investigated The Internet structure was found to be highly robust to random failures and very vulnerable to high degree attacks.
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1.4 Use of Internet in modern life

The Internet allows greater flexibility in working hours and location, especially with the spread of unmetered high-speed connections. The Internet can be accessed almost anywhere by numerous means, including through mobile Internet devices. Mobile phones, data cards, handheld game consoles and cellular routers allow users to connect to the Internet wirelessly. Within the limitations imposed by small screens and other limited facilities of such pocketsized devices, the services of the Internet, including email and the web, may be available. Service providers may restrict the services offered and mobile data charges may be significantly higher than other access methods. Educational material at all levels from pre-school to post-doctoral is available from websites. Examples range from CBeebies, through school and high-school revision guides, virtual universities, to access to top-end scholarly literature through the likes of Google Scholar. For distance education, help with homework and other assignments, self-guided learning, whiling away spare time, or just looking up more detail on an interesting fact, it has never been easier for people to access educational information at any level from anywhere. The Internet in general and the World Wide Web in particular are important enablers of both formal and informal education. The low cost and nearly instantaneous sharing of ideas, knowledge, and skills has made collaborative work dramatically easier, with the help of collaborative software. Not only can a group cheaply communicate and share ideas but the wide reach of the Internet allows such groups more easily to form. An example of this is the free software movement, which has produced, among other things, Linux, Mozilla Firefox, and OpenOffice.org. Internet chat, whether in the form of an IRC chat room or channel, via an instant messaging system, or a social networking website, allows colleagues to stay in touch in a very convenient way when Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
working at their computers during the day. Messages can be exchanged even more quickly and conveniently than via email. These systems may allow files to be exchanged, drawings and images to be shared, or voice and video contact between team members. Content management systems allow collaborating teams to work on shared sets of documents simultaneously without accidentally destroying each other's work. Business and project teams can share calendars as well as documents and other information. Such collaboration occurs in a wide variety of areas including scientific research, software development, conference planning, political activism and creative writing. Social and political collaboration is also becoming more widespread as both Internet access and computer literacy spread. The Internet allows computer users to remotely access other computers and information stores easily, wherever they may be. They may do this with or without computer security, i.e. authentication and encryption technologies, depending on the requirements. This is encouraging new ways of working from home, collaboration and information sharing in many industries. An accountant sitting at home can audit the books of a company based in another country, on a server situated in a third country that is remotely maintained by IT specialists in a fourth. These accounts could have been created by home-working bookkeepers, in other remote locations, based on information emailed to them from offices all over the world. Some of these things were possible before the widespread use of the Internet, but the cost of private leased lines would have made many of them infeasible in practice. An office worker away from their desk, perhaps on the other side of the world on a business trip or a holiday, can access their emails, access their data using cloud computing, or open a remote desktop session into their office PC using a secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection on the Internet.
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1.5 Services
1.5.1 Information
Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web, or just the Web, interchangeably, but the two terms are not synonymous. The World Wide Web is a global set of documents, images and other resources, logically interrelated by hyperlinks and referenced with Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). URIs symbolically identifies services, servers, and other databases, and the documents and resources that they can provide. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the main access protocol of the World Wide Web, but it is only one of the hundreds of communication protocols used on the Internet. Web services also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data. World Wide Web browser software, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Apple's Safari, and Google Chrome, lets users navigate from one web page to another via hyperlinks embedded in the documents. These documents may also contain any combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content that runs while the user is interacting with the page. Client-side software can include animations, games, office applications and scientific demonstrations. Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google, users worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to printed media, books, encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled the decentralization of information on a large scale. The Web has also enabled individuals and organizations to publish ideas and information to a potentially large audience online at greatly reduced expense and time delay. Publishing a web page, a blog, or building a website involves little initial cost and many cost-free services are available. Publishing and maintaining large, professional web sites with attractive, diverse and Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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up-to-date information is still a difficult and expensive proposition, however. Many individuals and some companies and groups use web logs or blogs, which are largely used as easily updatable online diaries. Some commercial organizations encourage staff to communicate advice in their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example of this practice is Microsoft, whose product developers publish their personal blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their work. Collections of personal web pages published by large service providers remain popular, and have become increasingly sophisticated. Whereas operations such as Angel fire and Geo Cities have existed since the early days of the Web, newer offerings from, for example, Facebook and MySpace currently have large followings. These operations often brand themselves as social network services rather than simply as web page hosts. Advertising on popular web pages can be lucrative, and e-commerce or the sale of products and services directly via the Web continues to grow. When the Web began in the 1990s, a typical web page was stored in completed form on a web server, formatted in HTML, ready to be sent to a user's browser in response to a request. Over time, the process of creating and serving web pages has become more automated and more dynamic. Websites are often created using content management or wiki software with, initially, very little content. Contributors to these systems, who may be paid staff, members of a club or other organization or members of the public, fill underlying databases with content using editing pages designed for that purpose, while casual visitors view and read this content in its final HTML form. There may or may not be editorial, approval and security systems built into the process of taking newly entered content and making it available to the target visitors.
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1.5.2 Communication
Email is an important communications service available on the Internet. The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the Internet. Pictures, documents and other files are sent as email attachments. Emails can be cc-ed to multiple email addresses. Internet telephony is another common communications service made possible by the creation of the Internet. VoIP stands for Voice-over-Internet Protocol, referring to the protocol that underlies all Internet communication. The idea began in the early 1990s with walkie-talkie-like voice applications for personal computers. In recent years many VoIP systems have become as easy to use and as convenient as a normal telephone. The benefit is that, as the Internet carries the voice traffic, VoIP can be free or cost much less than a traditional telephone call, especially over long distances and especially for those with always-on Internet connections such as cable or ADSL. VoIP is maturing into a competitive alternative to traditional telephone service. Interoperability between different providers has improved and the ability to call or receive a call from a traditional telephone is available. Simple, inexpensive VoIP network adapters are available that eliminate the need for a personal computer. Voice quality can still vary from call to call, but is often equal to and can even exceed that of traditional calls. Remaining problems for VoIP include emergency telephone number dialing and reliability. Currently, a few VoIP providers provide an emergency service, but it is not universally available. Traditional phones are line-powered and operate during a power failure; VoIP does not do so without a backup power source for the phone equipment and the Internet access devices. VoIP has also become increasingly popular for gaming applications, as a form of communication between players. Popular VoIP clients for gaming include Ventrilo and Teamspeak. Wii, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 also offer VoIP chat features. Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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1.5.3 Data Transfer

File sharing is an example of transferring large amounts of data across the Internet. A computer file can be emailed to customers, colleagues and friends as an attachment. It can be uploaded to a website or FTP server for easy download by others. It can be put into a "shared location" or onto a file server for instant use by colleagues. The load of bulk downloads to many users can be eased by the use of "mirror" servers or peer-to-peer networks. In any of these cases, access to the file may be controlled by user authentication, the transit of the file over the Internet may be obscured by encryption, and money may change hands for access to the file. The price can be paid by the remote charging of funds from, for example, a credit card whose details are also passed usually fully encrypted across the Internet. The origin and authenticity of the file received may be checked by digital signatures or by MD5 or other message digests. These simple features of the Internet, over a worldwide basis, are changing the production, sale, and distribution of anything that can be reduced to a computer file for transmission. This includes all manner of print publications, software products, news, music, film, video, photography, graphics and the other arts. This in turn has caused seismic shifts in each of the existing industries that previously controlled the production and distribution of these products. Streaming media is the real-time delivery of digital media for the immediate consumption or enjoyment by end users. Many radio and television broadcasters provide Internet feeds of their live audio and video productions. They may also allow time-shift viewing or listening such as Preview, Classic Clips and Listen Again features. These providers have been joined by a range of pure Internet "broadcasters" who never had on-air licenses. This means that an Internetconnected device, such as a computer or something more specific, can be used to access on-line media in much the same way as was previously possible only with a television or radio receiver. The range of available types of content is much wider, from specialized technical Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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webcasts to on-demand popular multimedia services. Podcasting is a variation on this theme, where usually audio material is downloaded and played back on a computer or shifted to a portable media player to be listened to on the move. These techniques using simple equipment allow anybody, with little censorship or licensing control, to broadcast audio-visual material worldwide. Digital media streaming increases the demand for network bandwidth. For example, standard image quality needs 1 Mbit/s link speed for SD 480p, HD 720p quality requires 2.5 Mbit/s, and the top-of-the-line HDX quality needs 4.5 Mbit/s for 1080p. Webcams are a low-cost extension of this phenomenon. While some webcams can give fullframe-rate video, the picture either is usually small or updates slowly. Internet users can watch animals around an African waterhole, ships in the Panama Canal, traffic at a local roundabout or monitor their own premises, live and in real time. Video chat rooms and video conferencing are also popular with many uses being found for personal webcams, with and without two-way sound. YouTube was founded on 15 February 2005 and is now the leading website for free streaming video with a vast number of users. It uses a flash-based web player to stream and show video files. Registered users may upload an unlimited amount of video and build their own personal profile. YouTube claims that its users watch hundreds of millions, and upload hundreds of thousands of videos daily.
1.6 Social Impact

The Internet has enabled entirely new forms of social interaction, activities, and organizing, thanks to its basic features such as widespread usability and access. Social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace have created new ways to socialize and interact. Users of these sites are able to add a wide variety of information to pages, to pursue common interests, and to connect with others. It is also possible to find existing acquaintances, to allow Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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communication among existing groups of people. Sites like LinkedIn foster commercial and business connections. In the first decade of the 21st century, the first generation is raised with widespread availability of Internet connectivity, bringing consequences and concerns in areas such as personal privacy and identity, and distribution of copyrighted materials. These "digital natives" face a variety of challenges that were not present for prior generations. The Internet has achieved new relevance as a political tool, leading to Internet censorship by some states. The presidential campaign of Howard Dean in 2004 in the United States was notable for its success in soliciting donation via the Internet. Many political groups use the Internet to achieve a new method of organizing in order to carry out their mission, having given rise to Internet activism, most notably practiced by rebels in the Arab Spring.[51] Some governments, such as those of Iran, North Korea, Myanmar, the People's Republic of China, and Saudi Arabia, restrict what people in their countries can access on the Internet, especially political and religious content. This is accomplished through software that filters domains and content so that they may not be easily accessed or obtained without elaborate circumvention. In Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, major Internet service providers have voluntarily, possibly to avoid such an arrangement being turned into law, agreed to restrict access to sites listed by authorities. While this list of forbidden URLs is supposed to contain addresses of only known child pornography sites, the content of the list is secret. Many countries, including the United States, have enacted laws against the possession or distribution of certain material, such as child pornography, via the Internet, but do not mandate filtering software. There are many free and commercially available software programs, called content-control software, with which a user can choose to block offensive websites on individual computers or networks, in order to limit a child's access to pornographic materials or depiction of violence. Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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The Internet has been a major outlet for leisure activity since its inception, with entertaining social experiments such as MUDs and MOOs being conducted on university servers, and humor-related Usenet groups receiving much traffic. Today, many Internet forums have sections devoted to games and funny videos; short cartoons in the form of Flash movies are also popular. Over 6 million people use blogs or message boards as a means of communication and for the sharing of ideas. The pornography and gambling industries have taken advantage of the World Wide Web, and often provide a significant source of advertising revenue for other websites. Although many governments have attempted to restrict both industries' use of the Internet, in general this has failed to stop their widespread popularity. One main area of leisure activity on the Internet is multiplayer gaming. This form of recreation creates communities, where people of all ages and origins enjoy the fast-paced world of multiplayer games. These range from MMORPG to first-person shooters, from role-playing video games to online gambling. While online gaming has been around since the 1970s, modern modes of online gaming began with subscription services such as GameSpy and MPlayer. Non-subscribers were limited to certain types of game play or certain games. Many people use the Internet to access and download music, movies and other works for their enjoyment and relaxation. Free and fee-based services exist for all of these activities, using centralized servers and distributed peer-to-peer technologies. Some of these sources exercise more care with respect to the original artists' copyrights than others. Many people use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports reports, to plan and book vacations and to find out more about their interests. People use chat, messaging and email to make and stay in touch with friends worldwide, sometimes in the same way as some previously had pen pals. The Internet has seen a growing number of Web desktops, where users can access their files and settings via the Internet. Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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Cyberslacking can become a drain on corporate resources; the average UK employee spent 57 minutes a day surfing the Web while at work, according to a 2003 study by Peninsula Business Services. Internet addiction disorder is excessive computer use that interferes with daily life. Some psychologists believe that Internet use has other effects on individuals for instance interfering with the deep thinking that leads to true creativity. Internet usage has been correlated to users' loneliness. Lonely people tend to use the Internet as an outlet for their feelings and to share their stories with others, such as in the "I am lonely will anyone speak to me" thread. Cybersectarianism is a new organizational form which involves: "highly dispersed small groups of practitioners that may remain largely anonymous within the larger social context and operate in relative secrecy, while still linked remotely to a larger network of believers who share a set of practices and texts, and often a common devotion to a particular leader. Overseas supporters provide funding and support; domestic practitioners distribute tracts, participate in acts of resistance, and share information on the internal situation with outsiders. Collectively, members and practitioners of such sects construct viable virtual communities of faith, exchanging personal testimonies and engaging in collective study via email, on-line chat rooms and web-based message boards."
1.6.1 Internet and philanthropy

The spread of low-cost internet access in developing countries has opened up new possibilities for peer-to-peer charities, which allow individuals to contribute small amounts to charitable projects for other individuals. Websites such as Donors Choose and Global Giving now allow small-scale donors to direct funds to individual projects of their choice.
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A popular twist on internet-based philanthropy is the use of peer-to-peer lending for charitable purposes. Kiva pioneered this concept in 2005, offering the first web-based service to publish individual loan profiles for funding. Kiva raises funds for local intermediary microfinance organizations which post stories and updates on behalf of the borrowers. Lenders can contribute as little as $25 to loans of their choice, and receive their money back as borrowers repay. Kiva falls short of being a pure peer-to-peer charity, in that loans are disbursed before being funded by lenders and borrowers do not communicate with lenders themselves. However, the recent spread of cheap internet access in developing countries has made genuine peer-topeer connections increasingly feasible. In 2009 the US-based nonprofit Zidisha tapped into this trend to offer the first peer-to-peer microlending platform to link lenders and borrowers across international borders without local intermediaries. Inspired by interactive websites such as Facebook and eBay, Zidisha's microlending platform facilitates direct dialogue between lenders and borrowers and a performance rating system for borrowers. Web users worldwide can fund loans for as little as a dollar.
Chapter 2 Internet Industry in India

After the dotcom defunct in 2000, Internet Industry in India has steadily emerged as a powerful sector and is generating considerable worth for several shareholders. Over a decade, the sector has witnesses the materialization of forceful, protractible business models and international brands such as eBay, Google, Amazon and Yahoo. The international search engine, Google, is unquestionably the major achievement story of the India internet industry. For a firm that has been in continuation in the Indian internet market for 8 years has an existing evaluation of around $120 billion, and is leading the market, followed by Time Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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Warner, making it the most expensive global media firm. Among the Indian dot-coms, Shaadi, Naukri, Rediff, Indiatimes, Yahoo India and Bharat matrimony are making considerable amount of revenues. In addition, as per a research carried out by Nokia, the communications sector is estimated to surface as the biggest driving component in India's GDP with a contribution of about 15.4% by the FY2014. The internet industry in India has taken more than 15 years to cross the 100-million user mark. Now, it's at the cusp of a giant leap. A rash of reports - from industry associations like Internet & Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) to global consultancies like Boston Consulting Group (BCG) - is heralding the dawn of the internet economy and a user base of 300 million in the next three years. Consider this: In 2011 alone, investors poured $350 million into 57 internet startups - that's more than the collective dotcom investment of the past four years, according to VCCEdge, an Indian online deal platform. Some $3 billion worth of e-commerce was transacted in 2011, says IAMAI.
2.1 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Association of India

The Internet Service Providers Association of India (ISPAI) was set up in 1998 with a mission to 'Promote Internet for the benefit of all'. ISPAI is the collective voice of the ISP fraternity and by extension the entire Internet community. Over the years ISPAI has helped influence, shape and mould the telecom policies, so that ISPs and entrepreneurs in the business of Internet can setup and grow their services in an environment that is supportive and enabling. In the last 10 years of its existence, it has been party to breaking down monopolistic structures in telecom, bringing down barriers to entry for ISPs. It helped shape India from being a Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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bandwidth hungry to a bandwidth surplus country. It was the competitive spirit of the ISP members of ISPAI that, Internet access became so widely and cost effectively available to our countrymen. These very ISPs helped connect India to the rest of the world so effectively that today BPO and Call Centers cannot but make their global presence felt based on IP connectivity. India is today is arguably amongst the top 10 countries of the world in terms of the number of Internet users. Today ISPAI is the recognised apex body of Indian ISPs worldwide. ISPAI has access to and interacts frequently with international bodies and platforms and is frequently consulted by them on measures for future trends and growth of Internet. It works closely with the Government, the Regulator as well as the major Industry Chambers. It supports exchange of delegations, business visitors from across the globe which provides ISP members a chance to network widely and seek opportunities elsewhere too. It's a platform for the Solution Provider's community to gain easy access to their ISP clients, promote their products and services through personal meetings and through events supported or sponsored by ISPAI.
2.2 Internet penetration in India

With increasing affordability of PCs, laptops, notebooks and internet penetration, India is all set to have 121 million internet users by December 2011, a study by internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) and IMRB has said. According to the annual I-Cube Report jointly published by IAMAI and IMRB, India's internet population is expected to grow to 121 million users by December 2011 from 100 million in September this year. Out of 121 million, 97 million are expected to be active Internet users, who access Internet at least once in a month.
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"A 100 million internet users is considered a critical landmark for the country. With this internet use in India is expected to enter a critical period of growth with the possibility of becoming the largest internet using country in the world in this decade," the study said. The internet growth in India has moved in the fast lane, especially due to the onslaught of lowcost smartphone devices and the resultant mobile internet boom. Moreover, the internet boom is likely to continue its good run as the high-speed 3G services penetrate further into rural areas. In fact, India has plans to embark on advanced 4G mobile services by 2013. Apart from smartphone devices, the evolution of the budget tablets is yet another source of accessing internet while on the move, that will have a positive impact on the growth of internet in India, which is all set to be the third largest internet market in the world after China and the United States. The Internet, as no other communication medium, has given an International or, if one prefer, a "Globalized" dimension to the world. Internet has become the Universal source of information for millions of people, at home, at school, and at work. According to Internet in India (I-Cube) 2011 report, the number of claimed internet users in India has crossed the landmark 100 million mark in September, at 112 million users (88 million urban + 24 million rural villages) who have used the internet at any point in time in the past.
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Fig 2.1 - Internet users in urban areas
Fig 2.2 Internet users in rural areas Of 112 million claimed internet population, 90 million users have been active internet users who have accessed internet at least once a month. Further the IAMAI report indicates that the positive internet momentum is likely to continue into December 2011 to notch a higher 121 million claimed internet users mark, largely driven by youngsters in India including school going kids. While urban metro areas are at forefront in terms of internet growth points, the smaller towns and non-metros have shown a considerable grouped dominance over the top 8 metro cities. Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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In fact, towns with less than 2 lakh population contribute highest in terms of internet users from rest of the India.
Claimed Internet Users
Active Internet Users
Fig 2.3 Internet users among top metro cities Amongst top metro cities, Mumbais claimed internet users stood at 8.1 million, followed by 6.2 million users in Delhi and NCR and 3 million internet users in Kolkata. Going by the age segment, the Generation Y dominates the scene in terms of internet usage pattern, with more than three-quarters of internet population driven by young men (27%), school (21%) and college (27%) going kids. The rising segment of school kids is mainly driven by new generation e-learning services and educational information available on the Web.
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Fig2.4 Internet usage pattern by age segment
Urban Users
Rural Users
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Fig 2.5 - Various purposes of using accessing internet in urban and rural areas
While a majority 89% of the surveyed urban city population use internet to access emails, 71% use it for networking with friends and families. Interestingly, 55% of population use internet for chatting purposes even today. On the other hand, the rural internet users have preferred to download or listen to music and videos to the extent of 46%.
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2.3 Growth of Internet industry in India

The Internet started when Netscape IPO launched Web 1.0 in the year 1995, generating billiondollar initiations in the Western economy. The wave reached India in 1999, with a bunch of entrepreneurs making a foray into this money-spinning business. The internet industry soon witnessed the creating of million dollar firms like Yahoo!, eBay, Amazon and Google, with combined market share of USD 350billion. The listing of Google in the year 2004, revealed the speed at which one of the most expensive media firm can be formulated. This gave rise to Web 2.0 which is steadily emerging in India. The growth of Internet users in India from the year 2001 - 2010 has been illustrated in the table below: Financial Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Internet Users Populace 1,400,000 2,800,000 5,500,000 7,000,000 16,500,000 22,500,000 39,200,000 50,600,000 40,000,000 42,000,000 1,094,870,677 1,094,870,700 1,094,870,800 1,094,870,900 1,094,870,950 1,094,870,975 1,094,870,980 1,112,225,812 1,112,225,900 1,129,667,528 Ratio in % 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.6 2.1 3.6 4.5 3.6 3.7
Table 2.1 Growth of internet users in India for the decade 2001-2010
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2.4 Government Initiatives for Internet Industry in India

The New Telecom Policy, 1999, launched by Indian government, specifies objectives in contexts of initiating Telecom Network with an aim to attain telecom compactness of 15% by end of financial year 2010. It also establishes goals for offering Net Access to all the provincial main offices which it attained in the year 2002. In addition, the administration has started several upbeat implementations in the propagation of the Internet facilities in India. Some of such measures are mentioned as under: In the year 2003, the government levied authorization charges on the ISPs which are the most moderate permit, till 31st October 2003. Subsequently, only a coupon authorization charge of ` 1 every year is forfeitable. There are no limitations on the amount of Service Providers in A, B and C categories. ISPs have been allowed to establish Global Gateways by executing commercial set-ups with international Satellites Providers and associates. ISPs have been allowed to offer preceding mile accessibility for utilizing Radio and Fiber Optics. ISPs have been allowed to offer ISP facilities via Cable Television Operators. Internet Telephony Services was launched for ISPs on April 1, 2002. The central administration has launched a thriving strategy to extend National Internet Backbone (NIB) in India.
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The government has approved the law acknowledging electronic deals named Information Technology Act, that assist in offering lawful structure for e-commerce in the country.
2.5 Challenges faced by Internet industry in India

One of the biggest challenges faced by Indian Internet industry was the lack of vernacular content that saturated the user access to only English speaking Indians. For the industry to add another 50 million users, turning vernacular was the best alternative. At present matrimonial dotcoms like Jeevansaathi, popular search engine like Google and Yahoo!, etc. have launched a vernacular version of the websites. After bravely emerging from the language hindrance, internet is yet to witness its transformation from knowledge seeking trade to an out and out commercial business. At present internet mainly provides product services. So downloading ringtones or videos from a website generally differs in quality and not in price, hence, making Internet synonymous with low-priced information. To overcome this issue, users themselves have to take the initiative of accessing the internet for the finest content and willingly pay for it. Indian internet business has merged competently with the conventional financial system and has become a part of our everyday life. The internet industry is bound to change our lives in the coming years the way Industrial Revolution did.
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Chapter 3 Types of Internet connection

As technology grows, so does our need for things to go faster. Ten years ago, websites just included images, coloured text and some repetitive melodies. Now flash websites, animations, high resolution photos, online gaming, videos or streaming (radio on the internet), are getting more popular for people who demand faster and faster internet connections.
Fig 3.1 PCI Modem
3.1 PCI Modem (see fig 3.1).

Analogue up to 56000 bits per second, it means that in a second, 56000 bits (0 or 1) travel through the copper wire. It is both economical and slow and it is also called dial-up access. If you connect the modem, you get internet but as it uses the analogue telephone line, if you surf on the internet, nobody can call you because the line is busy. Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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Using a modem connected to your PC which is very cheap ( about 10 ) , users connect to the Internet only if you click on the telephone Access Icon and the computer dials the phone number provided by your ISP ( Internet Service Provider ) and connects to the network. The signal is analogue because data is sent over an analogue telephone network. This modem converts received analogue data to digital (always analogue on the telephone site and digital on the computer side). As dial-up access uses ordinary telephone lines the data rates are limited and the quality of the connection is not always good. Nowadays very few people use this type of connection.
3.2 DSL
DSL or - an 'always on' connection- uses the existing 2-wire copper telephone line connected to the internet and won't tie up your phone like the old modem does. There is no need to dial-in to your ISP as DSL is always on. DSL is called ADSL (Short for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) for home subscribers. As it is mentioned before ADSL is short for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line and supports data rates up to 10Mbits when receiving data (download) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data (upload). ADSL is called asymmetric because it supports different data rates for upload than for download traffic.
Fig 3.1 DSL Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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3.3 Cable
There are two type of cable; Coaxial and optic fibre.
3.3.1 Coaxial
The first one is used by cable TV and that is common for data communications (see Fig). The cross-section of the cable shows a single centre solid wire made of copper surrounded by a copper mesh conductor. Between the main wire (in the centre) and the mesh conductor is an insulating dialectric. This dialectric (blue part in the image) has a large effect on the essential features of the cable. Depending on the material that isolator is made of, the cable has different inductance and capacitance values and these values affect how quickly data travels through the wire. The last layer is an outside insulator to protect the whole wire. Data is transmitted through the rigid wire, while the outer copper mesh layer serves as a line to ground.
Fig 3.3 Coaxial cable
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3.3.2 Optic Fibre

Fibre-optic cables are strands of a special optical material as thin as a human hair that carries data (files, videos ...) over long distances. Now, there is not electrical signal. In Optical fibres data are carried as light signals How Does an Optical Fibre Transmit Light?
Fig 3.4 How does an Optical Fibre transmit light? What is the secret of optical Fibre? Why doesn't the light ray escape from the strand? Suppose you want to shine a torch beam down a long, straight corridor. Just point the beam straight down the corridor. -- Light moves in straight lines so the light will reach to the end of the corridor. What if the corridor has a bend in it? Just place a mirror at the bend to reflect the light beam towards the other side of the corridor. What if the corridor has multiple bends? You might places as many mirrors as bends so that it bounces from side-to-side all along the corridor. This is what happens in an optical fibre.
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3.4 Wireless Internet Connections

Wireless broadband (Wireless Internet Connections [WIC]), Instead of using cable networks for your Internet connection, WIC uses radio frequency .Wireless Internet can be accessed from anywhere as long as your WIFI adaptor is located within a network coverage area. It also provides an always-on connection and it is still considered to be relatively new.
3.5 Satellite
Fig 3.5 Satellite
IoS acronym for Internet over Satellite allows a user to access the Internet via a geostationary satellite that orbits the earth. A geostationary satellite is a type of satellite placed at a fixed position above the earth's surface. Because of the large distances between home and satellite, signals must travel from the earth up to the satellite and back again. It causes a slight delay between the request and the answer.
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Chapter 4 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)

4.1 About BWA
Broadband Wireless Access [BWA] radio network consists of base stations and Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) radios. The Access Points (AP) are typically mounted on towers or tall buildings since each customer requires line-of-sight (LOS) back to the base station in order to receive service. Each Access Point delivers bandwidth to each subscriber unit (up to 2 Mbps) within its service sector. We have equipment which operates in the license free spectrum (2.4 GHz, 5.3 GHz, and 5.8 GHz) to deliver last mile access. With the right equipment, user can enjoy quick return on investment while offering their customers dependable, high speed, always-on, broadband service. Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) offers effective, economic and secure high-speed wireless communications solutions to Telecom service providers, Internet services provider, Governments, Institutes, Healthcare, and Enterprises. The explosive growth of telecommunications, together with the massive rise in internet usage, has fuelled the demand for rapid, cost-effective broadband access solution. This demand is not only from operators rolling our new networks; there is a growing need for more broadband capacity within mature networks, which cannot easily be met with existing wire-based systems. Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) offers a leading solution in responding to this demand. Broadband Wireless Access eliminates the need for costly wireline infrastructure, bringing voice and high speed data services to every user within the range of base station. The broadbased acceptance of the Broadband Wireless Access technology is due to huge benefits it offers in terms of fast, easy and cost effective deployment, unsurpassed flexibility and reduced cost of ownership. Our Broadband Wireless Access solutions are easily scalable, providing a fast and Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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economic solution for new broadband capacity whether in city centre or in remote rural locations. Thousands of customers can quickly be connected to wireless broadband in a fraction of the time taken using traditional wireline technologies. Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) offers effective, economic and secure high-speed wireless communications solutions to Telecom Service Providers, Internet services provider, overnments, Institutes, Healthcare and Enterprises.
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4.2 Major Players of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) in India

4.2.1 TATA Photon
Tata Photon Data Card is a removable computer component having small size like pen drive. Being a wireless device, the tata photon card can be used to access internet even while roaming. It helps you keep stay in touch with your internet world, wherever you go. Tata has launched this new Tata Photon Data Card which is a wireless USB based Broadband Service named as Tata Photon+. Tata Photon+ is having a speed of Up to 3.1 Mbps and we can access internet from anywhere where there is mobile signal coverage. Downloading speed depends on the networks and strength of networks.
Fig 4.1 TATA Photon Data Card (BWA)
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Tata Photon+ USB Data Card is a very easy to use plug and play device. Everything is inbuilt into this small device. No cd or dvd is required. Just plug the data card into USB drive of your laptop or desktop and start using it. As Tata Photon Data Card comes with Inbuilt software that executes itself once you plugin to USB drive Installation process is pretty simple and if you can just click Next then you can install it by yourself. Youll get the user friendly interface and itll guide you what to do next. Just follow the steps. No additional software is required. You can use the same Photon+ USB data card in any computer you need. Look wise, the Tata Photon Data Card is sleek and stylish. It also comes with with MicroSD card slot so that you can store data in it. It can support Upto 4GB of data storage. So, if you have this device there is no need to carry extra pen drive to carry personal stuff. You can use Tata Photon+ USB Data card for that. Speed of this device is excellent. Its 20 times faster than normal internet connection. The Photon+ provides faster access to e-mail, audio and video streaming without any break. It supports both laptops and desktop computers. Its compatible with Windows 2000, XP, Vista, windows7, Mac OS, Linux. It means no need to worry which operating system you are using.
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4.2.2 MTS Blaze

MTS Broadband provides Hi Speed Wireless Broadband Internet in India. Mblaze is the wireless Data Card based Broadband Service from world's leading Mobile company Now MTS Broadband is available in all major cities of India with speed up to 3.1 Mbps. In other areas you can surf Internet with 1x CDMA technology.
Fig 4.2 MTS Blaze Data Card (BWA)
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4.2.3 Vodafone
The Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G USB Stick can work from anywhere with real-time access to information, and no installation hassles. Consumer just needs to plug it in the laptop and get connected to the Internet and the server. Thats not all the Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G USB Stick also gives the cutomers 3G Broadband speeds while roaming abroad. Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G USB Stick connects your computer to the internet over the Vodafone high-speed mobile phone network. Browse the web
One can now access the web and any other internet service wherever theres a mobile phone network. Pick up emails
Keep up to date with your emails, wherever you are. One can also access its personal email accounts even web-based accounts like Hotmail. Send and receive SMS text messages*
One can send and receive SMS text messages straight from its computer. Vodafone SMS provides an easy way to view messages, write new ones, and manage contact details
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Fig 4.3 Vodafone Data Card (BWA) Salient Features of 3G NetSetter Gets you high-speed connectivity to the internet through the Vodafone EDGE network. Is easy to install just plug in and you are ready, no CDs required. Gives 3G Broadband speeds when you travel abroad. Works with your preferred VPN software, to give you secure access to your company server and intranet. Has many different tariff plans, so the customer can choose the one that meets their requirements. Saves you from high internet charges on your hotel bills. Gets you high-speed connectivity to the internet through the Vodafone EDGE network. Supports SMS Supports Micro SD card upto 2 GB. Rizvi Academy of Management
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4.2.4 Airtel
Airtel Wireless Internet is an easy way to access the internet without the need for a landline. It allows you to stay in touch whilst being on the move. Just plug your airtel USB Modem into your computer for an instant Internet connection to take with you on the move. Airtel offers the range of prepaid and postpaid plans, depending on the usage requirement. Airtel offers the customers to be the most widespread network in the country. With its superior Edge network wireless internet will be lot more fun without any movement barriers.
Fig 4.4 Airtel Data Card (BWA) Advantages of using Airtel Data card - Most widespread presence - Easy to setup. Plug & Play - Dedicated customer support - Superior internet browsing on Airtel Edge network - Attractive device prices & tariff plans
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4.2.5 Idea Netsetter

Idea Cellular has launched the new Net Setter EG612 USB Modem (usable with both desktops & Laptops) with data, & SMS facility. It is a conveniently slim & stylish solution for internet access on the move. USB modem is a dedicated data access (GPRS) device to be used with desktops / laptops for wireless internet (GPRS) access. Idea Net Setter is a terminal available for high-speed wireless network access, with which the users can access the Internet in the wireless way at home, office, outdoor sites and so on.
Fig 4.5 Idea Netsetter Data Card (BWA)
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Speed - 3G NetSetter support speed of up to 3.6Mbps on HSDPA network and is backward compatible on our current EDGE/GPRS Network. On the current 2G environment subscribers will continue to experience EDGE speeds of up to 236.8 Kbps.
SIM Lock - 3G NetSetter is being launched with a unique SIM Lock functionality wherein the first SIM inserted in the device will be locked with the particular NetSetter device, this will help us address current issues like subscribers not using bundled SIMs and using SIM cards with mobile GPRS plan etc.
USSD Support - 3G NetSetter will enable Pre-paid subscribers to check pre-paid balance though one click USSD option instead of the current SMS mode .
Operating System - 3G NetSetter support all existing and new operating systems like Windows 7, Mac and Linux (limited versions)
The Idea Net Setter supports the following standards: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)
The Idea Net Setter supports the following services: Data service Rizvi Academy of Management
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4.2.6 MTNL Broadband

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL), the 3G Mobile service provider, has launched Micromax 3G Data Card with 2GB free. The Micromax MMX300G Plug and Play 3G Data Card of MTNL will available over the companys HSDPA 3G network . The MTNL 3G Data Card will enable anytime, anywhere instant High Speed wireless Internet connectivity up to 3.6 MBPS for laptops and other computing devices, thereby significantly benefiting business users, roamers and travellers.
Fig 4.6 MTNL Data Card (BWA)
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Chapter 5 Research Methodology

5.1 Need for the study
The 21st century will perhaps be known because of this revolution. The computer and internet have certainly changed our lives to a great extent. There was a time when people used to send the mail (postal) to their dearest ones and it used to be the only source of communication. Then came the telephone and now the internet is changing the method of communication. Electronic devices, multimedia and computers are things we have to deal with everyday. Especially the Internet is becoming more and more important for nearly everybody as it is one of the most forward-looking media and medium of the future. BWA defined as Broadband Wireless Access to the internet is an access technology based principally 3G/3G+/4G broadband cellular standards and a family of related WiFi/WiMax standards. BWA is set to become the growth engine of the broadband industry and the telecom industry at large. Ten years after the introduction of 3G, followed by the phenomenal success of iPhone, introduction of Netbooks, and now continuing with connected devices such as the iPad, BWA has become the fasted adopted technology to date. Wireless broadband subscribers have been growing at a faster rate than fixed line internet users.
5.2 Research Objective

To find out the tools through which the internet is being used To find out the comparison between Fixed Line Internet and BWA To find out the preference of BWA over Fixed Line Internet To find the scope of BWA over a period of time Rizvi Academy of Management
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5.3 Sample Size

In order to get valid interpretation of the data, a sample size of 100 was pre-decided, which comprised of 60 males and 40 females. The sample was further segregated on age groups of 20 25 years, 26 30 years, 31 35 years, 36 40 years and 41 45 years and monthly household income groups of Rs. 15,000 and above. The sampling method used was Convenience Random sampling. Due to some constraints, the survey could only be conducted in some parts of Mumbai. Thus the study results would only be applicable to the city of Mumbai and not for the whole country.
5.4 Sampling Procedure

The respondents were requested to fill the questionnaire in an unbiased manner and not leave any question blank. Any doubts they had were clarified so as to get the right response from them. After the data collection process was completed, the data was analyzed using the statistical software - SPSS v.16. Various statistical tools like Anova were used in order to get important insights
5.5 Limitations of the Study

Sample: The sample is only from the city of Mumbai. To get a holistic and correct understanding of the view of the consumers of the country it would be best if data was collected from respondents all over the country. Biasness: There was a level of biasness on the respondents part while answering the questionnaire. People who hated BWA were mostly giving negative answers. Questionnaire Length: Many respondents mentioned that the questionnaire was very exhaustive. Due to this, responses to a few questions were given casually.
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Chapter 6 - Data Analysis and Interpretation

6.1 Data Analysis
6.1.1 Section 1
6.1.1.1 Respondent Profile 6.1.1.1.1 Age Group
Fig 6.1 Age group Distribution across the Sample From the above figure it is clear that majority of the sample is from the younger age group of 20 years 25 years and forms 50% of the sample. Thus the analysis will be more from the point of view of the younger generation.
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Fig 6.2 Gender Distribution across the Sample From the above figure, it can be observed that the data collected is not of equal number of males and females. The number of males is more than the number of females i.e. 60% belongs to male and 40% belongs to female.
6.1.1.1.3 Profession of the respondents
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Fig 6.3 Profession of the respondents A major chunk i.e. 45% of the respondents is students who are at the verge of completing their graduation or post graduation studies. They are the ones who consume more internets as compared to other respondents. Self-employed and salaried people have consumed the 2nd highest amount of internet i.e. 20% of the respondents each.
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Fig 6.4 Ownership of internet connection From the above figure it indicates that 75% out of total 100 respondents owned an internet connection. This indicates that the internet penetration is quite good.
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Fig 6.5 Frequency of internet usage A majority of people i.e. 73.33% said that they use internet on daily basis. It means that a good amount of people uses internet daily and this shows a positive sign to the internet service providers.
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Fig 6.6 Purpose of using the internet Majority of them i.e. 53.33% prefer surfing online followed by 33.33% prefer mailing. This clearly indicates that students in the age group of 20-25 prefer surfing online mostly to gather information. Salaried and Self-employed being 2nd highest in internet consumption prefers mailing for official purpose.
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Fig 6.7 Importance of internet usage with respect to home From the above figure, majority of the respondents i.e. out of 75 respondents 53.33% of the respondents uses internet quite frequently at home.
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Fig 6.8 Importance of internet usage with respect to Office Out of 75 respondents, 66.67% use internet quite frequent at Office. Also, they are salaried as well as Self-employed consumers who uses internet mostly for official purpose like mailing, etc.
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Fig 6.9 Importance of internet usage with respect to Travelling Out of 75 respondents, 40% of them have medium usage of internet while travelling followed by 33.33% has high usage of internet while travelling. This clearly indicates that while travelling people prefer using internet on laptop and there is good potential for internet service provider especially BWA service providers to improve their efficiency of service in terms of connectivity, speed,etc.
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Fig 6.10 Importance of internet usage with respect to Cyber Cafe 60% including Low usage and medium usage of internet indicates that people prefer having their own internet connection either at home or at office.
6.1.1.6 Device through which internet is being used
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Fig 6.11 Device through which internet is being used Majority of the respondents i.e. 66.67% uses internet on computer. However, due to greater accessibility of laptop available at affordable prices there is a potential for consumers who would prefer migrating from computer to laptops in near future.
6.1.1.7 Type of internet connection owned
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Fig 6.12 Type of internet connection owned As there are majority of the respondents who uses computer, so apparently they owned Fixed Line Internet, however, those who use Laptop prefer using BWA as their internet connection So, now the trend is that people prefer migrating from Computer to either laptop or Notebook or Net book or Tablet which seems that BWA has a bright future ahead.
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Fig 6.13 Brand being used by Fixed Line Internet owners A major chunk of respondents i.e. 30% uses MTNL as their Fixed Line Internet followed by 20% and 18% uses TATA and Hathway respectively. As MTNL being a government organisation has some kind of trust attached to it due to which consumers prefer using MTNL as their Fixed Internet connection. Considering Private organisation same goes with TATA i.e. 20% prefer TATA as their Fixed Line Internet connection.
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Fig 6.14 Brand being used by Fixed Line Internet owners Out of the total 25 respondents, 60% of them prefer TATA Photon as their BWA connection this could be because of the first mover advantage taken TATA Photon to capture the Indian Market.
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Ho: There are no significant differences in factors that would make a respondent buy an internet connection Ha: There are significant differences in factors that would make a respondent buy an internet connection
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ANOVA Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 11.878 655.280 667.158 df 5 444 449 Mean Square 2.376 1.476 F 1.610 Sig. .156
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Table 6.1 Anova analysis on buying an internet connection
Homogeneous Subsets
This represents the buying of internet connection with respect to certain parameters Better Subscription plan Convenience Peer or Family influence Service N 75 75 75 75 1 3.60 3.69 3.80 3.87 Subset for alpha = 0.05
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Table 6.1 Anova analysis on buying an internet connection
Homogeneous Subsets
This represents the buying of internet connection with respect to certain parameters Better Subscription plan Convenience Peer or Family influence Service Economic N 75 75 75 75 75 1 3.60 3.69 3.80 3.87 4.00 Subset for alpha = 0.05
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6.1.1.10 Ratings to compare Fixed Line internet vis-a-vis BWA
Ho: There are no significant differences in factors to compare Fixed line internet Ha: There are significant differences in factors to compare Fixed line internet
Table 6.3 Anova analysis on factors to compare Fixed Line Internet
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Homogeneous Subsets
This represents the parameters on which rating is given Convenience Service Better Monthly Plans Economic Speed Sig. N 75 75 75 75 75 1.000 .059 1 2.87 3.67 3.80 4.17 3.80 4.17 4.24 .138 2 3 Subset for alpha = 0.05
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 75.
Table 6.4 - Tukey test on factors to compare Fixed Line Internet
Reject Ho, i.e. there are significant differences in parameters that can be compared Fixed Line internet with BWA since the degree of significance is 0.000 which is lesser than 0.05. Also, it is observed that the Speed is the most liked factor in Fixed Line Internet. The least liked factor is the Convenience. Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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Ho: There are no significant differences in factors to compare BWA Ha: There are significant differences in factors to compare BWA
Table 6.5 Anova analysis on factors to BWA
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Homogeneous Subsets
This represents the Parameters on which rating is given Economic Service Better monthly plans Speed Convenience Sig. N 75 75 75 75 75 .939 1.000 1 2.60 2.73 2.73 3.27 4.24 1.000 2 3 Subset for alpha = 0.05
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 75.
Table 6.6 - Tukey test on factors to compare BWA
Reject Ho, i.e. there are significant differences in parameters that can be compared BWA with Fixed Line Internet since the degree of significance is 0.000 which is lesser than 0.05. Also, it is observed that Convenience is the most liked factor in BWA. The least liked factor is the Economic.
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6.1.1.11 T-test
T-test
One-Sample Statistics Std. Deviation .935 .704 Std. Error Mean .108 .081
Mean
Statement1 Statement2
Specifies whether BWA will be convenient for Laptop users Specifies whether BWA will be a right choice for individual who is a frequent traveller
75 75
4.27 4.33
Statement3
Specifies whether BWA will be alternative to Fixed Line Internet connection
75
3.80
1.284
.148
Statement4
Specifies whether BWA would be preferred as a first connection
75
3.73
1.298
.150
Statement5
Specifies whether BWA will be suitable connection with respect to increase usage of laptops
75
3.80
1.284
.148
Table 6.7 Mean on Perception about BWA Connection
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One-Sample Test Test Value = 4 90% Confidence T df Sig. (2tailed) Mean Difference Interval of the Difference Lower Statement1 Specifies whether BWA will be convenient for Laptop users Statement2 Specifies whether BWA will be a right choice for individual who is a frequent traveller Statement3 Specifies whether BWA would be preferred as a first connection Statement4 Specifies whether BWA would be preferred as a first connection Statement5 Specifies whether BWA will be suitable connection with respect to increase usage of laptops 25.630 74 .000 3.800 3.55 4.05 24.910 74 .000 3.733 3.48 3.98 25.630 74 .000 3.800 3.55 4.05 53.313 74 .000 4.333 4.20 4.47 39.527 74 .000 4.267 4.09 Upper 4.45
Table 6.8 t test Analysis on Perception about BWA connection
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Statement1: Ho: There are no significant differences in respondents agreement towards the statement that BWA will be convenient for Laptop users Ha: There are significant differences in respondents agreement towards the statement that BWA will be convenient for Laptop users Since the p value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05, we reject Ho. This means that most of the respondents dont consider that BWA would be convenient for Laptop users.
Statement2: Ho: There are no significant differences in respondents agreement towards the statement that BWA will be the right choice for a frequent traveller Ha: There are significant differences in respondents agreement towards the statement that BWA will be the right choice for a frequent traveller Since the p value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05, we reject Ho. This means that most of the respondents dont consider BWA to be the right choice for a frequent traveller.
Statement3:
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Ho: There are no significant differences in respondents agreement towards the statement that BWA will be an alternative to Fixed Line connection in near future Ha: There are significant differences in respondents agreement towards the statement that BWA will be an alternative to Fixed Line connection in near future Since the p value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05, we reject Ho. This means that most of the respondents dont consider BWA to be an alternative to Fixed Line connection in near future.
Statement4: Ho: There are no significant differences in respondents agreement towards the statement that BWA to be preferred as a first connection Ha: There are significant differences in respondents agreement towards the statement that BWA to be preferred as a first connection Since the p value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05, we reject Ho. This means that most of the respondents dont consider BWA as a preferred first connection.
Statement5: Ho: There are no significant differences in respondents agreement towards the statement that BWA will be a suitable connection with respect to increase usage of laptop Ha: There are significant differences in respondents agreement towards the statement that BWA will be a suitable connection with respect to increase usage of laptop
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Since the p value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05, we reject Ho. This means that most of the respondents dont consider BWA to be a suitable connection with respect to increase usage of laptop.
6.1.1.12 Scope of BWA by Fixed Line users
Fig 6.15 Scope of BWA by Fixed Internet owners Out of the total 75 respondents, 58% says that those who are already using Fixed Line internet Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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will prefer buying BWA as a new internet connection because in near future most of them will buy a new laptop where BWA as an internet connection is highly preferred.
6.1.1.13 Scope of BWA by existing BWA users
Fig 6.16 Scope of BWA by existing BWA users Out of the total 25 respondents, 88% of them prefer continuing BWA as their net connection and these 25 respondents are the ones who are using laptop and highly prefer BWA as their net Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study connection.
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6.1.1.14 Recommendation to buy BWA
Fig 6.17 Recommending others to buy BWA From the above figure it states that 46.67% will recommend or suggest others to buy BWA as an internet connection.
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6.1.2 Section 2
6.1.2.1 Preference to Buy BWA
Fig 6.18 Preference of the customers to buy BWA as a new connection From the above figure it clearly indicates that 80% of the respondents out of 25 prefer buying BWA as their new connection, which shows that BWA has a good potential in the future.
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Fig 6.19 Possible reasons to buy BWA as a new connection
A major chunk of the respondents i.e. 50% of them will buy BWA as a new internet connection because of the shift from using Computer to Laptop where the respondents feels that BWA as a net connection is quite suitable for laptop users which is very handy, convenient and easy to use without any hassle. Also travelling is the 2nd most important reason to buy BWA as a net connection because when you are travelling the very most important difficulty we face is the internet availability issue, most of the places where even Wifi is available but for the security purpose it is also locked, so now the only option left is the BWA where you can connect it to the laptop and start using it.
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Chapter 7 Major findings and Recommendations

7.1 Major findings
Majority of the respondents are in the age group of 20-25 years which seems that mostly there are students who are at the verge of completing their graduation or Post graduation. A major chunk of the respondents are male across the age group from 20-45 years of the total respondents. As far as profession is concerned majority of the respondents are students followed by salaried and Self-employed. Out of the total 100 respondents, 75% of them are having internet connection which means that the internet penetration is quite good especially in a city like Mumbai. Majority i.e. 73.33% from total 75 respondents said that they use internet on daily basis which means that there are quite no. of active users. The main purpose of using the internet among the respondents was that they use internet primarily for surfing then mailing and chatting. As the respondents were mostly students they prefer surfing on the net in order to gather a good amount of updated knowledge at affordable prices. This research reports also tries to focus on the importance of internet usage with respect to Home, Office, Travelling and Cyber Cafe. o At home, the usage of internet is quite high being the major respondents are students who access internet sitting at home. o At Office, the usage of internet is high being salaried and self-employed respondents uses internet mainly at office. o At Travelling, there is a medium usage among the respondents which states that Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study people who go out for office work mostly uses internet while travelling.
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o At Cyber Cafe, majority of the respondents have a very low usage because now a days computer and laptop being available at affordable prices people prefer having their own computer or laptop and uses internet through the same. Majority of the respondents uses internet through computer whereas 33.33% of the respondents uses laptop, as technology is approaching at a faster pace probably people may shift from using computer to laptop. As majority of them uses computer so, apparently they uses Fixed Line internet as their internet connection. MTNL is the brand which respondents uses mainly for Fixed Line Internet followed by TATA. MTNL being preferred so highly is that it is available since very long and people have build trust in it. Among BWA users, TATA Photon is the brand which is very highly preferred by the respondents, the major reason could be the first mover advantage taken by TATA Photon and it has become synonyms with the product. Respondents mostly bought the internet connection as they want better speed (connectivity), it should be economical i.e. affordable price (monthly plans) and highly influenced by Peer or friends and Family members (word of mouth). If we compare Fixed Line Internet with BWA on the following parameters, we get the following results o Respondents feel that speed of Fixed Line Internet is better than BWA. o Fixed Line Internet connection is available at very economical price even at the time of first installation as compared to BWA. o BWA is quite convenient to use as it is wireless connection, people prefer it to Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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carry wherever they want. It is handy, user friendly and hassle free. It is suitable for Laptop user especially when someone is travelling and requires internet on the go. o After sale service of Fixed Line internet is good as compared to BWA o Subscription or monthly plans provided by Fixed Line Internet service providers are better than BWA service providers. Those who are using Fixed Line Internet prefer to have BWA connection which shows that there is a huge scope for BWA in future Majority of the respondents who are already using BWA are quite satisfied and would like to continue using it. The respondents are willing to recommend their friends or family members or relatives to buy BWA as a new internet connection. One of the major reason people prefer buying BWA as a new connection is that they would like to shift from using computer to Laptop. Laptop being a wireless device requires portable internet connection which is quite convenient to carry and hassle free, one would just connect it to the USB port and start using it, followed by one more major reason that those who travel frequently within the state or outside especially the ones who do job at field work prefer having BWA as an internet connection.
7.2 Recommendations
BWA service providers should focus on the very strong point that now a days people are shifting from the traditional way of using Computer to either Laptop or Notebook or Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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Netbook or Tablets. Apart from the Computer being stationary at one place people prefer Laptop which is mobile i.e. movable so, apparently they want the same kind of modem through which internet can be connected but it should be portable, wireless, movable, hassle free, user friendly, handy, etc. The right option here would be BWA or Data Card where one can connect it to the USB and start using it whenever and wherever required. Also it suitable for the one who does his work while travelling. Now a days even Wifi connections being available but not being active for everyone due to security reasons. So one cannot entirely depend upon the Wifi connection of others do the work. Here the preferred connection would be BWA as it is wireless and can be connected without any problem. BWA service providers should tie up with the laptop companies to promote their product or services like if a person purchases a laptop of X brand will get BWA data card free and no installation charges. BWA service providers should come up with some innovative Pre paid plans to attract the consumer especially the target group of students.
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Chapter 8 Conclusion
The internet penetration in India is quite low as compared to other developed countries like UK, USA etc. Now a days social networking sites has gained a lot of attention in the Indian market especially attracting youth towards it. Consumers are now slowly and gradually shifting their buying pattern from the traditional way of shopping at retails outlets to online buying. Internet also works as a very good source of updated information and getting connected with each other.
With the increase in the disposable income, consumers tend to buy things which are more contemporary, trendy and fashionable. Apparently, people prefer using laptop or Notebook or Netbook, also there is a niche class of group who also prefer having Tablets so, for these contemporary devices consumers prefer having a BWA as an internet connection. However, for BWA service providers, mobile operators who provide internet service could be a major threat because consumers are now shifting from using a 2G handset to either a 3G or Smartphones.
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Appendices
Appendix 1 Questionnaire
This questionnaire is purely for research purpose and the responses will be kept strictly confidential.
Name : Age: Gender: Occupation:
Section 1 (Internet Owners)

Q1. Do you own an internet connection? 1. Yes 2. No ( Go to section 2 )
Q2. How frequently do you use internet? (Please Tick Mark)
a b c d e
Daily Once in a week Once in fifteen days Once in a month Very Rarely
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Q3. Could you mention the main purpose of using the internet? (Please tick Mark any one) 1. Surfing 2. Mailing 3. Chatting Q4. Importance of internet usage with respect to the following areas (Please tick Mark) Places Home Office Travelling Cyber Cafe Low Usage 1 1 1 1 Medium Usage 2 2 2 2 High Usage 3 3 3 3
Q5. Through which device do you use the internet? 1. Computer 2. Laptop Q6. Which type of internet connection do you own? 1. Fixed Line Internet 2. Broad-band Wireless Access (BWA) 3. Wifi (For options a. and c. refer Q7 and for option b. refer to Q8)
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Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study Q7. For Fixed Line Internet or Wifi owners, which brand do you use? (Please Tick Mark) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (Please Tick Mark) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TATA Photon MTS Blaze Vodafone Airtel Idea MTNL Any other brand MTNL TATA Reliance Sify Hathway Local Cable Any other brand
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Q8. For BWA, which brand do you use?
Q9. What is the reason for buying the above internet connection? (Please 1-Lowest and 5Highest) Strongly Disagree Avesh Africawala Disagree Neither agree nor Rizvi Academy of Management Agree Strongly Agree
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study a b c d e f Speed Economic Convenience Service Better Subscription plan Peer/Family influence 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 disagree 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
84 5 5 5 5 5 5
Q10. On the following parameters, please provide ratings to both Fixed Line Internet and BWA (Where 1- Lowest and 5-Highest) Sr. Parameters No. 1 2 3 4 5 Speed Economic Convenience Service Better monthly plans Fixed Line Internet Lowest Low Moderate High 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 BWA Highest Lowest Low Moderate High Highest 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
Q11. What is your perception about BWA Connection on the following statements? (1. Disagree and 5-Strongly Agree) Statements I think it will be convenient for Laptop users I think its a right Choice for individual who is a Avesh Africawala Strongly Disagree Neither agree or Agree disagree disagree 1 2 3 4 Strongly agree 5
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study frequent traveller It will be an alternative to Fixed Line Internet connection in near future I would prefer my first connection to be BWA I think its a suitable connection with respect to increase usage of Laptops 1 2 3 4 5
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1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
Q12. For Fixed Line Internet or Wifi owners, In future would you like to buy BWA? 1. Yes 2. No Q13. For BWA owners, would you like to continue using BWA? 1. Yes 2. No Q14. Would you recommend BWA connection to others? 1. Yes 2. No Section 2 (People who are willing to buy a new Internet connection) Q1. Would you buy a BWA internet connection? 1. Yes 2. No Q2. What would be the possible reasons to buy a BWA connection? Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study Parameters Shift from using computer to Laptop While Travelling For convenience For faster speed Low Maintenance Cost Better Subscription plans Handling with Ease Economical Please Tick here
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Thank You
Appendix 2 List of Figures
Figure No. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Internet users in urban areas Internet users in rural areas
Figure Name
Page No. 21 21 22 23 24 28 29 30 31
Internet users among top metro cities Internet usage pattern by age segment Various purposes of using accessing internet in urban and rural areas PCI Modem DSL Coaxial Cable How does an Optical Fibre transmit light? Rizvi Academy of Management
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Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 Satellite TATA Photon Data Card (BWA) MTS Blaze Data Card (BWA) Vodafone Data Card (BWA) Airtel Data Card (BWA) Idea Netsetter Data Card (BWA) MTNL Data Card (BWA) Age group Distribution across the Sample Gender Distribution across the Sample Profession of the respondents Ownership of internet connection Frequency of internet usage Purpose of using the internet Importance of internet usage with respect to home Importance of internet usage with respect to Office Importance of internet usage with respect to Travelling Importance of internet usage with respect to Cyber Cafe Device through which internet is being used Type of internet connection owned Brand being used by Fixed Line Internet owners Brand being used by Fixed Line Internet owners Scope of BWA by Fixed Internet owners Scope of BWA by existing BWA users Recommending others to buy BWA Preference of the customers to buy BWA as a new connection Possible reasons to buy BWA as a new connection Rizvi Academy of Management
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Appendix 3 List of Tables
Table No. 2.1 6.1 6.2

6.3 6.4
Table Name Growth of internet users in India for the decade 2001-2010 Anova analysis on buying an internet connection Tukey test on buying an internet connection Anova analysis on factors to compare Fixed Line Internet Tukey test on factors to compare Fixed Line Internet Rizvi Academy of Management
Page No. 25 60 61
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Anova analysis on factors to BWA Table 6.6 - Tukey test on factors to compare BWA Mean on Perception about BWA Connection t test Analysis on Perception about BWA connection
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6.7
6.8
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Bibliography
Books Referred:Kotler Philip, Marketing Management, Millenium Edition Douglas Corner, The Internet Book John R. Levine, Margaret Levine Young, The Internet for Dummies J. Whittaker, Internet: The Basics C.R. Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques
Online Websites:Retrieved from http://www.ispai.in/ Retrieved from http://tataindicomphoton.com/tata-photon-data-card/ Retrieved from http://www.airtel.in/wirelessinternet Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study Retrieved from http://www.vodafone.in/internet/ Retrieved from http://www.ideacellular.com
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Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and its comparative study 1

Chapter 1 Overview of Internet Industry

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1.2 Definition of Internet

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1.4 Use of Internet in modern life

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1.5.3 Data Transfer

1.6 Social Impact

1.6.1 Internet and philanthropy

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Chapter 2 Internet Industry in India

2.1 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Association of India

2.2 Internet penetration in India

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Fig 2.1 - Internet users in urban areas

Claimed Internet Users

Active Internet Users

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Fig2.4 Internet usage pattern by age segment

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2.3 Growth of Internet industry in India

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2.4 Government Initiatives for Internet Industry in India

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2.5 Challenges faced by Internet industry in India

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Chapter 3 Types of Internet connection

Fig 3.1 PCI Modem

3.1 PCI Modem (see fig 3.1).

Fig 3.1 DSL Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management

Fig 3.3 Coaxial cable

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3.3.2 Optic Fibre

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3.4 Wireless Internet Connections

Fig 3.5 Satellite

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Chapter 4 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)

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4.2 Major Players of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) in India

Fig 4.1 TATA Photon Data Card (BWA)

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4.2.2 MTS Blaze

Fig 4.2 MTS Blaze Data Card (BWA)

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4.2.5 Idea Netsetter

Fig 4.5 Idea Netsetter Data Card (BWA)

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4.2.6 MTNL Broadband

Fig 4.6 MTNL Data Card (BWA)

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Chapter 5 Research Methodology

5.2 Research Objective

5.3 Sample Size

5.4 Sampling Procedure