Atoms, Matter & Molecules

Science for 4th & 5th Grade!

Observations
Direct evidence obtained through use of the senses.

Inference
A hypothesis, drawn from observations, that attempts to explain or to make sense of the observations

ATOM
The smallest particle into which an element may be divided and still be the same substance.

ATOM
The

smallest part you can break Hydrogen (an element) into and still have Hydrogen.

Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space. Energy is NOT matter

Matter is divided into 4 components: Elements Compounds Mixtures Solutions

ELEMENT
All elements are on the Periodic Table All matter is made of an element or a combination of elements Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold
A

substance that consists of only one kind of atom and that cannot be chemically separated into other substances.

Elements:
E l e m e n t s c a n n o t b e changed into simpler substances by any chemical process. E l e m e n t s a r e m a d e u p of atoms.

Elements:
simplest kind of matter Cannot be broken down into simpler All one kind of atom. There are 109 of these known to man

Types of matter

Compounds -

Pure substances ade up of more n one element.

m tha

Compounds:
substances

that can be broken down by chemical methods When they are broken down, the pieces have completely different properties than the compound. Made of molecules- two or more atoms

Compounds:
They are pure substances put together by chemically combining elements Not all combinations of elements are compounds though some can be mixtures!

So remember

ELEMENTS contain only one kind of atom

There are 109 different kinds of elements 1-109 = atomic # of the elements.

Solutions:

Solutions - A special

mi xture formed when one su bstance dissolves in another .

Solutions:

Solvent - the most

abundant substance in the solution.

Solute - the least

abundant substance in the solution.

All solutions are not liquids:

Air is a of Steel is of

solution gases. a solution metals.

Solutions

Homogeneous mixture Mixed molecule by molecule Can occur between any state of matter.

Solid in liquid- Kool-aid Liquid in liquid- antifreeze Gas in gas- air Solid in solid - brass Liquid in gas- water vapor

Like all mixtures, they keep the properties of the components. Can be separated by physical means Do not scatter light! Not easily separated but can be separated.

Solutions

Two techniques for separating solutions:

#1. Evaporation: changing from a liquid to vapor state leaves behind the other component.

#2. Distillation: Process used to drive vapor from liquid by heating Great for separating two or more liquids which have different boiling points.

MIXTURE

Matter that can be physically separated into component parts

It is two or more kinds of matter that have separate identities because of their different properties.

When different parts of a mixture can no longer be separated into simpler substances, we call each component a PURE SUBSTANCE

There are two types of mixtures:

Heterogeneousmixture is not the same from place to place. Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil.

Homogeneoussame composition throughout. Kool-aid, air.

Every part keeps its properties.

Mixtures:
Matter that consists of two or more substances mixed together: but not chemically combined or bonded. Examples: concrete, Sea Water, a bag full of different colored marbles..

Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture that does not appear the same throughout. (the individual substances are visible). Ex. Soil, Raisin Brand, Chicken Noodle Soup.

There are 2 types of Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture that appears uniform throughout. (well mixed). Ex. Stainless Steel (Cr, Fe),

Types of matter

Properties of Mixtures:
E

ach substance retains its own properties. S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e sent in any amount. S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e separated by simple p h y s i c a l m e a n s.

pre

Which is it?

Element

Which is it?

COMPOUND
Water is a compound formed from two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom chemically combined. H20

Which is it?

MIXTURE

Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t , c o mp o u n d , m i x t u r e , o r s o l u t i o n?

1. Water
2. Salt

1. Compound
2. Compound

3. Oxygen
4. Dirt 5. Air

3. Element
4. Mixture

5. Solution

Click Mouse button to see answers!

Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t , c o mp o u n d , m i x t u r e , o r s o l u t i o n?

6. Copper

6. Element 7. Solution/Mixture

7. Coke
8. Steel 9. Rain 10. Ice-cream

8. Solution 9. Mixture
10. Mixture

Click Mouse button to see answers!

What about MOLECULES?

These are MULTI-ATOM particles
They are the smallest particle of a substance that still retains the properties of that substance and is composed of 2 or more atoms.

MOLECULE
Particle of matter that is made up of two or more atoms.

MOLECULE
The

smallest part you can break water (a compound) into and still have water.

Particle Charge Location Proton Neutron Electron + 0 nucleus

Mass heavy

nucleus heavy
energy levels very light

Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus
17

Cl
Chlorine
35.453

Atomic Mass
The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons
17

Cl
Chlorine
35.453

17

Atomic

Cl
Chlorine
35.453

Number: 17 Number of Protons: 17 Number of Electrons: 17 Atomic Mass: 35 Number of Neutrons: 18

17 p+ 18 n0