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ATM cell header structure at UNI & NNI

ATM cell 53 octets payload (msb -i.e.bit 8- sent first, lsb -bit 1- sent last) 48 octets bit 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 GFC VPI UNI VPI VCI header VCI VCI PTI CLP HEC NNI header VPI VPI VCI VCI VCI PTI CLP HEC UNI NNI CLP Cell Loss Priority 1 1 bit GFC Generic Flow Control 4 bit HEC Header Error Control 8 8 bit PTI Payload Type Identifier 3 3 bit VCI Virtual Channel Identifier 16 16 bit VPI Virtual Path Identifier 8 12 bit 1 2 octet 3 4 5 1 2 octet 3 4 5

AAL type 1
1 octet 1 bit 3 bits 3 bits 1 bit CSI SN CRC Py SNP 5 octets

ep offset 1 octet P

46 octets User information 47 octets User information 47 octets SAR-SDU

P format (P - "pointer") Non-P format

48 octets ATM-SDU ATM cell = ATM-PDU

SAR-PDU

Structured data transfer (one of several AAL1 options) P = octet offset of data block over 2 cells CSI = Convergence Sublayer Indication (= 0111 111 if not required) ep = Even Parity CRC = Cyclic Redundancy Check SNP = Sequence Number Protection SN = Sequence Number Py = Parity (even, 1 bit) (non-P; CSI = 0 SAR = Segmentation And Reassembly P format; CSI = 1 only if SN = 0,2,4 or 6 ) PDU = Protocol Data Unit (Rec. I.363.1)

Pocket Guide to ATM

AAL type 3/4

(Rec.I.361) CPCS-PDU Header 1 octet 1 octet 2 octets CPI BTAG BA-Size ST BOM 10 SN COM 00 SN EOM 01 SSM 11 SN MID MID MID CPCS-H CPCS-T CPCS-T unused unused 0 - 65 535 octets CPCS-SDU CPCS-H CPCS-PDU Trailer 32 bit aligned PAD AL ETAG Length CPCS-PDU LI LI LI CRC CRC CRC SAR-PDU

Cell types
Standardised physical layer cell header values at the UNI. Note that the last bit in octet 4 is not used as CLP for physical layer cells. Physical layer cells are not passed to the ATM layer. Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4 Idle cell 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000 1 Reserved for phys. layer PPPP 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 PPP 1 OAM cell (F1) 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 001 1 OAM cell (F3) 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 100 1 Combinations of pre-assigned values at the UNI. The first 4 bits of octet 1 are for GFC. Use VPI VCI VCI PTI CLP Meta-signalling XXXX XXXX 0000 0000 0000 0001 0A0 C General broadcast signalling XXXX XXXX 0000 0000 0000 0010 0AA C Point-to-point signalling XXXX XXXX 0000 0000 0000 0101 0AA C VP OAM flow (F4) YYYY YYYY 0000 0000 0000 0011 0A0 A VP end-to-end OAM (F4) YYYY YYYY 0000 0000 0000 0100 0A0 A VP resource management YYYY YYYY 0000 0000 0000 0110 110 ? Reserved for VP functions YYYY YYYY 0000 0000 0000 0111 ??? ? VC OAM flow (F5) YYYY YYYY ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ 100 A VC end-to-end OAM (F5) YYYY YYYY ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ 101 A Resource mgmt. cell YYYY YYYY ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ 110 A Reserve for future standardisation YYYY YYYY 0000 0000 0000 10000000 0000 0000 1111 ??? ? Unassigned cell 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 BBB 0 ABCPXThe bit may be 0 or 1 and is available for use by the appropriate ATM layer functions The bit is a "dont care" bit The originating signal entity shall set CLP to 0. The value may be changed by the network. The bit is available for use by the physical layer Any VPI value VPI=0; VCI value is reserved for user signalling with local exchange VPI0; VCI value is reserved for signalling with other signalling entities Y- Any VPI value Z- Any VCI value other than 0 ?- For further study (Rec. I.361)

5 octets

SN MID 4 bits 10 bits

48 octets SAR-PDU ATM cell = ATM-PDU Etag IT Length LI MID PAD PDU SAR SDU SN SSM ST

LI CRC 6 bits 10 bits

AL Btag

= 32 bit Alignment (using 0) = Beginning Tag field per CPCS-PDU must be identical to Etag BA-size = Buffer Allocation size BOM = Beginning Of Message COM = Continuation Of Message CPI = Common Part Indicator (0 = octet as unit for BA-size, all other values for further study) CPCS = Common Part Convergence Sublayer CPCS-H = CPCS-Header CPCS-T = CPCS-Trailer CRC = Cyclic Redundancy Check EOM = End Of Message

= End Tag field - see Btag = Information Type = Length of CS-SDU = Length Indication (max 44 octets) = Multiplex Identification = Padding (0) = Protocol Data Unit = Segmentation And Reassembly = Service Data Unit = Sequence Number = Single Segment Message = Segment Type (Rec. I.363)

AAL type 5
CPCS-SDU=CPCS-PDU Payload BOM/COM EOM 5 octets

1 octet 1 octet 2 octets 4 octets CPCS-UU CPI Length CRC PAD CPCS-PDU Trailer CPCS-PDU SAR-PDU PAD 48 octets ATM-SDU CPCS-PDU Trailer

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PTI usage
Coding of Payload Type Indication in ATM cells ATM user data cell no congestion experienced ATM user data cell no congestion experienced ATM user data cell congestion experienced ATM user data cell congestion experienced OAM (F5) cell associated with segment OAM (F5) cell associated with end-to-end Resource management cell Reserved for future functions ATM layer user-user indication=0 ATM layer user-user indication=1 ATM layer user-user indication=0 ATM layer user-user indication=1 PTI 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 (Rec. I.361) BOM COM CPCS CPCS-UU CPI CRC EOM Length

PTI = Beginning Of Message (PTI=0) PAD = Padding (0) to 47 octets = Continuation Of Message (PTI=0) PDU = Protocol Data Unit = Common Part Convergence Sublayer Reserved = 32 bit alignment of CPCS-PDU = CPCS User-to-User indication trailer = Common Part Indicator PTI = Payload Type Indication = Cyclic Redundancy Check SDU = Service Data Unit = End Of Message (PTI=1) = Length of CPCS-SDU (Length=0 ->Abort function) (Rec. I.363)

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Digital network hierarchies - bit rates

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDH (kbit/s)
Japan J5 397 200 x4 J4 97 728 x3 J3 32 064 x5 J2 6 312 x4 J1 1 544 x 24 USA Europe E5 564 992 x4 E4 139 264 x4 E3 34 368 x4 E2 8 448 x4 E1 2 048 x 30

SONET STS-3 transport & path overhead

Europe 622 080

ATM over DS3

X1 X2 P1 P2 M1 M2 M3 X1,X2 P1,P2 M1..M3 F1..F4 C1..C3 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 84 bits C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 F3 F3 F3 F3 F3 F3 F3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 frame rate 106.4 s

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH (kbit/s)

Japan 622 080 USA 622 080

Section Overhead Line Overhead

T4 274 176 x6 T3 44 736 x7 T2 6 312 x4 T1 1 544 x 24 Basic 64 kbit/s

155 520

155 520

155 520

A1 B1 D1 B2 H1 D4 D7 D10 Z1

A1

A1

B2 H1

B2 H1

Z1

Z1

A2 E1 D2 K1 H2 D5 D8 D11 Z2

A2

A2

H2

H2

Z2

Z2

C1 F1 D3 K2 H3 D6 D9 D12 E2

H3

H3

51 840

51 840

SDH

STM-1 section & path overhead

J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 Z3 Z4 Z5

6 312

1 544

1 544 Basic 64 kbit/s

2 048

(STS-3C almost same as STM-1, except for 2 bits in H1) 1 column VC4 & VC3 Path Overhead (POH) A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 C1 Regenerator B1 E1 F1 Section D1 D2 D3 Overhead Multiplex Section Overhead
A1,A2 B1 B2 C1 D1-D12 E1,E2 F1 K1,K2 B2 D4 D7 D10 Z1 Administrative Unit (AU) pointers area A B2 B2 K1 K2 D5 D6 D8 D9 D11 D12 Z1 Z1 Z2 Z2 Z2 E2

Alarm channel 85 Parity channel M-Frame alignment channel M-Subframe alignment channel Application specific use

ATM over E3
FA1 EM TR MA NR GC FA2 530 octets payload 59 columns 9 rows FA1,2 EM TR MA NR GC 125 s Framing Error monitoring (BIP-8) Trail trace Maintenance (FERF etc.) Network operator octet General purpose comms. (see also Rec. G.804 and Rec. G.832)

SONET/SDH - bit rates

CCITT (ITU-T) STM-M Synchronous Transport Module level M
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16

ANSI STS-N Synchronous Transport Signal level N

STS-1 STS-3 & STS-3c STS-9 STS-12 STS-18 STS-24 STS-36 STS-48

Reserved for national use or undefined (all zeroes pattern)

Bit-Rate (Mbit/s)
51.84 155.52 466.56 622.08 933.12 1 244.16 1 866.24 2 488.32

Framing 11110110 00101000 Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP-8) Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP-24) STM identifier Data communication over section Orderwire (voice communication) User channel Automatic Protection Switching (APS) signalling

Z1,Z2 B3 C2 F2 G1 H4 J1 Z3-5

future functions (to be defined) Path Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP-8) Signal label VC-n Path user channel Path status Multiframe indicator VC-n Path trace future functions (to be defined) (Rec. G.708)

ATM over J2
TS1 TS2-TS96 TS97 TS98 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 98 timeslots (784 bits) + 5 F bits = 125s = data link bit (4 Kbit/s) = "a-bit" May be used as remote end alarm bit. Set to 0 if not used. = CRC-5 check-bit (n=1 to 5) = Spare bits, set to 1 if not used Frame No. F1=785 F2=786 F3=787 F4=788 F5=789 m a 1 1 1 0 0 m1 2 1 0 1 0 0 en 3 x1 x2 x3 a m2 x 4 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5

Scrambling
STM signal scrambled with frame synchronous generator polynomial 1 + x 6 + x7.

SONET/SDH - optical
Application Wavelength Fibre type Range Intraoffice
1310 nm G.652 <2km

Short Haul
1310 nm 1550 nm G.652 G.652 15km

Interoffice Long Haul

1310 nm 1550 nm G.652 G.652/654 G.653 40km 60km

Mapping of ATM cells into an STM-1

9 3 1 5
SOH AU-4 pointer SOH AU-4

(Rec.G.709)

ATM over E1
TS0 120 bits payload TS16 120 bits payload 256 bits / 125 s

Note TS97 & 98 may be used for signalling

261 261
J1 B3 C2 G1 F2* H4 Z3* Z4* Z5* VC-4

TS0 Time Slot 0 (bits 1 to 8) framing TS16 Time Slot 16 (bits 129 to 136) reserved for future use

(see also prETS 300 337)

G.703 physical/electrical characteristics

E1
2 048 kbit/s

ATM over DS1

ATM cells are byte aligned to the DS1 frame F F F F F F ATM cell mapping field: 24 octets header header header 750 s 193 bits 125 s F bits provide For framing detail see ATT pub.43801 F3 OAM functions (D4 or 193S) or ESF (193E) Detection of loss of frame alignment Performance monitoring (CRC-6) Transmission of RDI Performance reporting (see also Rec. G.804)

E2 8 448 kbit/s E3 34 368 kbit/s E4 139 264 kbit/s SDH 155 520 kbit/s

50 ppm HDB3 HDB3 30 ppm HDB3 20 ppm HDB3 15 ppm CMI 20 ppm CMI

75 coaxial 120 twisted pair 75 coaxial 75 coaxial 75 coaxial 75 coaxial

STM-1 ATM cell 53 octets

C-4

ATM Forum phys./elec. characteristics

1 2 3 4 STS-3c 155.52 Mbit/s DS3 44.74 Mbit/s B3ZS 75 coaxial 100Multi 100.00 Mbit/s 4B/5B 1300 nm 155Multi 155.52 Mbit/s 8B/10B 1300 nm
optical fibre 62.5/125 m multimode optical fibre 62.5/125 m multimode optical fibre
unused unused

* use for further study (Rec. I.432)

H4, for ATM cell mapping into SDH

1 2 Cell offset indicator ( 0 offset 52) msb lsb 3 8 4 5 6 7

"Other" phys./elec. characteristics

TAXI
140 Mbit/s 4B/5B 1300 nm 62.5/125 m multimode optical fibre

N.B. This pointer is generally redundant as the HEC mechanism for cell-delineation (Rec. I.432) provides the same function with better performance.

Scrambling
ATM cell payload scrambled with self synchronising generator polynomial x 43 + 1.
(Rec. I.432)

ATM cell delineation

ATM cell delineation using HEC field - generator polynomial g(x) = x8 + x2 + x + 1
(Rec.I.432)