EGR 334 Thermodynamics: Homework 03

Chap 2: 49
Complete the following exercises using the heat transfer relations:
a) Referring to Fig 2.13, determine the net rate of radiant exchange in W, for =0.8, A = .125 m
2
, T
b
= 475 K, and
T
s
= 298 K.
b) Referring to Fig. 2.14 determine the rate of convection heat transfer from the surface to the air in W for h
c
= 10
W/m
2
- K, A = 0.125 m
2
, T
b
= 305 K, and T
f
= 298 K.
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Solution:
a) Heat Exchange by Radiation.
where = 0.8
A = 0.125 m
2

T
b
= 475 K
T
s
= 298 K.
= 5.67 x 10
-8
W/m
2
K
4

Heat flow rate from surface to the air:

4
out b
Q AT co =

8 2 4 2 4
0.8(5.67 10 / )(0.125 )(475 ) 288.6
out
Q W m K m K W

= =

Heat flow rate from surroundings to surface:

4
in s
Q AT co =

8 2 4 2 4
0.8(5.67 10 / )(0.125 )(298 ) 44.7
in
Q W m K m K W

= =
therefore the net heat exchange from surface to the air at steady state is
(288.6 44.7) 243.9
out in
Q Q W W = =

b) Heat Exchange by Convection:
( )
conv c s f
Q h A T T =
where h
c
= 10 W/m
2
- K
A = 0.125 m
2

T
b
= 305 K
and T
f
= 298 K.
then

2 2
( ) (10 / )(0.125 )(305 298) 8.75
conv c s f
Q h A T T W m K m K W = = =







4
b
Q AT co =


EGR 334 Thermodynamics: Homework 03
Chap 2: 53
Each line of the following table gives data for a process of a closed system. Each entry has the same energy units
Determine the missing entries.
process Q W E
1
E
2
E
a -20 +50 +70
b +50 +20 +50
c -60 +60 +20
d -90 +50 0
e +50 +150 +20

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Principle: 1
st
Law of Thermo:


2 1
E E E Q W A = =
process a: Q E W = A + = 70+(-20)= +50

1 2
E E E = A = +50 - 70 = -20
process b:
2 1
W Q E E = + = 50 - 50 + 20 = +20
and
2 1
E E E A = = 50 - 20 = +30
process c: Q E W = A + = 20 + -60 = -40
and
1 2
E E E = A = 60 - 20 = +40
process d: Q E W = A + = 0 + (-90) = -90
and
1 2
E E E = A = 50 - 0 = +50
process e: E Q W A = = 50 - 150 = -100
and
2 1
E E E = A + = -100 + 20 = -80

process Q W E
1
E
2
E
a +50 -20 -20 +50 +70
b +50 +20 +20 +50 +30
c -40 -60 +40 +60 +20
d -90 -90 +50 +50 0
e +50 +150 +20 -80 -100

















EGR 334 Thermodynamics: Homework 03
Chap 2: 61
One kg of Refrigerant 22, initially at p
1
= 0.9 MPa , and u
1
=232.92 kJ/kg, is contained within a rigid closed tank.
The tank is fitted with a paddle wheel that transfers energy to the refrigerant at a constant rate of 0.1 kW. Heat
transfer from the refrigerant to its surroundings occurs at a rate of K t, in kW, where K is a constant in kW per
minute and t is time in minutes. After 20 minutes of stirring the refrigerant is at p
2
= 1.2 MPa, u
2
= 276.67 kJ/kg.
No overall changes in kinetic or potential energy occur. a) for the refrigerant, determine the work and heat transfer
each in kJ. b) Determine the value of the constant K appearing in the given heat transfer relation, in kW/min.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------

Note: rigid tank maintains the same volume.
m = 1 kg
p
1
= 0.9 MPa
u
1
=232.92 kJ/kg
Starting from the rate form of the 1
st
law of thermo:
( ) ( )
loss PV Paddle
dE
Q W Q W W
dt
= =
note that Q
loss
is negative since heat is taken out of the system
and W
paddle
is negative since it does work on the system.
then integrating
( ) ( )
paddle
loss PV
dE
dt Q dt W dt W dt
dt
=


( (0.1 ) )
PV
E Kt dt W kW dt A =


0 0 0
( (0.1 ) )
PV
KE PE U Kt dt W kW dt A +A +A =



note that W
PV
is zero because there is no change in the volume of the closed system.

2 2
1 1
20min 20min
2 1
0 0
(0.1 )
t t
t t
U U Kt dt kW dt
= =
= =
= +


|
20min
2
20min
2 1
0
0
(0.1 )
2
Kt
u m u m kW t

= +

20min
2
0
60 /
(276.67 kJ/kg - 232.92 / )(1 ) (0.1 )(20min)
2 1min
Kt s kJ s
kJ kg kg kW
kW

= +

2
(20min)
43.75 kJ 120
2
K
kJ = +
notice that the work done by the Paddle is 120 kJ so W = -120 kJ
and U = 43.75 kJ
so then
43.75 120 76.25 Q U W kJ = A + = = (where the negative sign indicates it leaves the tank)
to find K.

2
(20min)
= 120 43.75 kJ 76.25
2
K
kJ kJ =
2
2 1min
= 76.25
400min 60 /
kW
K kJ
s kJ s


= 0.00635 / min K kW


.
W
paddle
= 0.1 kW
.
Q
loss
= Kt
p
2
= 1.2 MPa
u
2
= 276.67 kJ/kg

EGR 334 Thermodynamics: Homework 03
Chap 2: 68
A vertical piston cylinder assembly with a piston of mass 25 kg and having a face area of 0.005 m
2
contains air. The
mass of air is 2.5 g, and initially the air occupies a volume of 2.5 liters. The atmosphere exerts a pressure of 100
kPa on the top of the piston. The volume of the air slowly decreases to 0.001 m
3
as energy with a magnitude of 1 kJ
is slowly removed by heat transfer. Neglecting friction between the piston and the cylinder wall, determine the
change in specific internal energy of the air in kJ/kg. Let g = 9.8 m/s
2
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Solution: m
piston
= 25 kg A = 0.005 m
2
m
air
= 2.5 g = 0.0025 kg p
atm
= 100 kPa
State 1: V
1
= 2.5 liters =2.5 x10
-3
m
3
= 0.0025 m
3

State 2: V
2
= 0.001 m
3

Q leaving system is 1 kJ: Q = -1 kJ = -1000 J Find U.

Principle: 1
st
Law of Thermo:

in out
E KE PE U Q W A = A + A + A =
where
0 KE A = (assume slow quasiequilbrium process)

PE mg h A = A

with m = 25 kg g = 9.81 m/s
2
and V A h A = A

2 1
V V V
h
A A
A
A = =

0.001 0.0025
0.3
0.005
h m

A = =
therefore
2
(25 )(9.81 / )( 0.3 ) 83.6 PE kg m s m J A = =
Work:
2
1
V
V
W pdV =

where p is constant:
with W = mg = 25kg * 9.81 m/s
2
= 245 N

top atm
F p A = and
bottom
F p A =
for equilibrium:
0 F E = 0
top bottom
F W F + =
0
atm
p A mg p A + =

2
245
100000 149000
0.005
atm
mg N
p p Pa Pa
A m
= + = + =
therefore:

2
1
2
3
2 1
1 /
( ) 149000 (0.001 0.0025 ) 223.5
1
V
V
N m J
W pdV p V p V V Pa m J
Pa N m
= = A = = =

so:

in out
U Q W PE A = A

( 1000 ) ( 223.5 ) ( 83.6 ) 692.9 U J J J J A = =
in terms of
692.9 1
277.2 /
0.0025 1000
U J kJ
u kJ kg
m kg J
A
A = = =

F
top
=p
atm
A
F
top
=p
atm
A
W=mg